Vomiting and Gas: Surprising Causes and Solutions for Excessive Passing Gas, Nausea, Vomiting, and Upset Stomach
What are the surprising causes of excessive gas? How can upper and lower intestinal gas lead to bloating, belching, and flatulence? Learn about stomach and intestinal problems that can interfere with digestion and cause gas symptoms.
Surprising Causes of Excessive Gas
Under normal circumstances, a person produces up to four pints of gas a day, and passes gas up to 20 times a day. How is that possible, you ask, if those people aren’t always eating foods like beans, cabbage, and broccoli? The answer is because excess gas can be made in myriad ways. That’s why up to 20 percent of the population complains about having excessive gas that causes frequent belching and flatulence.
Sources of Upper Intestinal Gas
One of the most common sources of upper intestinal gas is swallowed air. The medical term for swallowed air is aerophagia. Swallowed air contains nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Too much swallowed air can lead to bloating and belching. Here are some ways that air gets inside you:
- Eating or drinking too fast
- Chewing gum
- Smoking
- Loose dentures
- Drinking through a straw
Another unusual cause of bloating is continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) machines. CPAP is one of the most common treatments for sleep apnea. A CPAP machine forces air into the throat during sleep, and some of this air goes into the stomach. If you have bloating and you use CPAP, talk to your sleep specialist. In many cases, bloating can be avoided by changing the settings on the machine.
Sources of Lower Intestinal Gas
The other way that gas gets into your digestive system is through the breakdown of undigested foods in your large intestine by bacteria that normally live there. This gas, made up of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and in some people, methane, has nowhere to go but out through the anus. The technical term for this gas is flatus.
We are all familiar with flatus caused by beans or cabbage, but here are some less known flatus producers:
- Starches like potatoes, corn, and pasta
- Fruits like apples, peaches, and pears
- Vegetables like onions, artichokes, and asparagus
- Spicy, fried, and fatty foods
A bit of trivia: The only starch that produces no gas is rice.
Stomach and Intestinal Problems That Cause Gas
From stomach problems to colon problems, anything that interferes with the normal digestion of food can lead to excess gas in the system. Here are some common issues that can interfere with digestion:
Gastritis
This condition refers to anything that cases the lining of your stomach to get swollen and irritated. It could be an ulcer caused by bacteria, a reaction to medication, or too much stomach acid. Symptoms of this upper intestinal gas situation include bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose is a natural sugar found in dairy products. In order to digest this sugar you need an enzyme called lactase, and some people don’t have enough. Low levels of lactase are common in people of African, Asian, and Native American descent. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include excessive gas and bloating.
Celiac Disease
This is an inherited disorder in which people cannot tolerate the protein found in wheat products (gluten). The disease affects digestion in the upper part of the intestine and leads to intestinal gas, bloating, and pain.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
What causes IBS is not known, but it’s frequently the reason for complaints of bloating. The bloating may be due to abnormal movements of the digestive muscles or it may be due to an oversensitivity that causes normal amounts of intestinal gas to feel uncomfortable or painful.
When to See a Doctor
When gas symptoms are accompanied by other symptoms like pain, vomiting, constipation, cramps, heartburn, bleeding, or weight loss, you need to see your doctor right away.
Controlling Excessive Gas
Intestinal gas and occasional bloating are usually a normal part of the digestive process. In most cases, excess gas is caused by swallowing too much air or eating gas-producing foods. This kind of gas can usually be controlled by being more careful about how and what you eat. Talk to your doctor if you think your gas symptoms are excessive. There are medications that can help.
Surprising Causes of Excessive Gas
Under normal circumstances, a person produces up to four pints of gas a day, and passes gas up to 20 times a day. How is that possible, you say, if those people aren’t always eating foods like beans, cabbage, and broccoli?
The answer is because excess gas can be made in myriad ways. That’s why up to 20 percent of the population complains about having excessive gas that causes frequent belching and flatulence.
Upper Intestinal Gas
One of the most common sources of upper intestinal gas is swallowed air. The medical term for swallowed air is aerophagia. Swallowed air contains nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Too much swallowed air can lead to bloating and belching. Here are some ways that air gets inside you:
- Eating or drinking too fast
- Chewing gum
- Smoking
- Loose dentures
- Drinking through a straw
Another unusual cause of bloating is continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) machines. CPAP is one of the most common treatments for sleep apnea. A CPAP machine forces air into the throat during sleep, and some of this air goes into the stomach. If you have bloating and you use CPAP, talk to your sleep specialist. In many cases, bloating can be avoided by changing the settings on the machine.
Lower Intestinal Gas
The other way that gas gets into your digestive system is through the breakdown of undigested foods in your large intestine by bacteria that normally live there. This gas, made up of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and in some people, methane, has nowhere to go but out through the anus. The technical term for this gas is flatus.
We are all familiar with flatus caused by beans or cabbage, but here are some less known flatus producers:
- Starches like potatoes, corn, and pasta
- Fruits like apples, peaches, and pears
- Vegetables like onions, artichokes, and asparagus
- Spicy, fried, and fatty foods
A bit of trivia: The only starch that produces no gas is rice.
Stomach and Intestinal Problems
From stomach problems to colon problems, anything that interferes with the normal digestion of food can lead to excess gas in the system. Here are some common issues that can interfere with digestion:
- Gastritis. This condition refers to anything that cases the lining of your stomach to get swollen and irritated. It could be an ulcer caused by bacteria, a reaction to medication, or too much stomach acid. Symptoms of this upper intestinal gas situation include bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting.
- Lactose intolerance. Lactose is a natural sugar found in dairy products. In order to digest this sugar you need an enzyme called lactase, and some people don’t have enough. Low levels of lactase are common in people of African, Asian, and Native American descent. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include excessive gas and bloating.
- Celiac disease. This is an inherited disorder in which people cannot tolerate the protein found in wheat products (gluten). The disease affects digestion in the upper part of the intestine and leads to intestinal gas, bloating, and pain.
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). What causes IBS is not known, but it’s frequently the reason for complaints of bloating. The bloating may be due to abnormal movements of the digestive muscles or it may be due to an oversensitivity that causes normal amounts of intestinal gas to feel uncomfortable or painful.
When gas symptoms are accompanied by other symptoms like pain, vomiting, constipation, cramps, heartburn, bleeding, or weight loss, you need to see your doctor right away.
Intestinal gas and occasional bloating are usually a normal part of the digestive process. In most cases, excess gas is caused by swallowing too much air or eating gas-producing foods. This kind of gas can usually be controlled by being more careful about how and what you eat. Talk to your doctor if you think your gas symptoms are excessive. There are medications that can help.
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Abdominal Bloating and Nausea: Causes, Photos, and Treatments
Abdominal Bloating and Nausea: Causes, Photos, and Treatments
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Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M. D. — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA — Updated on March 19, 2020
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Overview
Abdominal bloating is a condition where the abdomen feels uncomfortably full and gaseous, and may also be visibly swollen (distended). Bloating is a common complaint among both adults and children.
Nausea is a symptom that occurs when your stomach feels queasy. You may feel as if you could vomit. Many factors contribute to feelings of nausea, including a medical condition or something you ate.
Abdominal bloating and nausea commonly occur together. One symptom often triggers the other. Fortunately, they both usually resolve with time.
Examples of conditions that can cause abdominal bloating and nausea include:
- gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- gastrointestinal blockage
- gastroparesis
- giardiasis (an infection from an intestinal parasite)
- constipation
- irritable bowel syndrome
- lactose intolerance
- overeating
- pregnancy (especially in the first trimester)
- taking certain medications (such as antibiotics)
- ileus, impairment of normal bowel motility
- celiac disease
- inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
- bacterial overgrowth syndrome
- viral or bacterial gastroenteritis
- bacterial or ischemic colitis
- diverticulitis
- appendicitis
- symptomatic gallstones or infection of the gallbladder
- eating excessive starches
- food poisoning
- gastric outlet obstruction
- gastrointestinal bleeding
- gastritis
Less common causes include:
- cancer
- congestive heart failure
- dumping syndrome (a condition that can occur after you’ve had abdominal surgery)
- intestinal tumors
- liver cirrhosis
- pancreatic insufficiency
Seek emergency medical attention if you have chest pain, blood in your feces, a severe headache, neck stiffness, or you’re vomiting blood. These are all symptoms of conditions that require emergency care, including a heart attack, stroke, meningitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Symptoms that may warrant a trip to your physician’s office include:
- dehydration (because nausea has prevented you from eating or drinking)
- dizziness or lightheadedness when standing
- symptoms that do not subside in one to two days
- unexplained weight loss
- worsening symptoms
Contact your doctor if you experience any other symptoms that are out of the ordinary for you or that make it hard to perform daily tasks.
Abdominal bloating and nausea related to foods you eat will typically resolve after your body has had time to digest whatever has upset your stomach. Common food intolerances include lactose and gluten. Avoid eating any foods that you determine are causing abdominal bloating and nausea.
Your doctor may prescribe medication if you have underlying conditions such as acid reflux or constipation. More serious disorders, such as congestive heart failure or dumping syndrome, may require prolonged treatments.
Resting in an upright position can reduce abdominal bloating and nausea related to acid reflux. This position reduces the acid’s flow up your esophagus. Physical activity can worsen symptoms when you feel nauseated.
Drinking clear fluids that contain natural sugar, such as sports drinks or Pedialyte, may help settle your stomach. However, drinking artificially flavored beverages and those made with sugar alcohols may contribute to abdominal bloating.
Shop for sports drinks.
Anti-gas medications to reduce abdominal bloating, such as simethicone drops, are available at pharmacies. They’re not always effective, so take in moderation.
Shop for anti-gas medications.
If you’re able to target the foods causing your abdominal bloating and nausea, avoiding them can prevent your symptoms. There are other steps you can take to maintain a stomach-friendly lifestyle as well. They include:
- eating a bland diet of toast, broth-based soups, baked chicken, rice, pudding, gelatin, and cooked fruits and vegetables
- exercising regularly, which helps reduce gas in the intestinal tract while also preventing constipation
- refraining from smoking
- avoiding carbonated beverages and chewing gum
- continuing to drink plenty of clear liquids, which can prevent constipation that leads to nausea and abdominal bloating
Last medically reviewed on January 3, 2017
How we reviewed this article:
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
- Bloating, belching and intestinal gas: How to avoid them. (2014, April 15)
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/in-depth/gas-and-gas-pains/art-20044739 - Gas and gas pains. (2014, May 2)
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gas-and-gas-pains/basics/symptoms/con-20019271 - Nausea and vomiting. (2013, August 29)
my.clevelandclinic.org/symptoms/nausea/hic_nausea_and_vomiting.aspx - Nausea and vomiting. (2014, September 4)
mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nausea/basics/definition/sym-20050736 - Thiwan, S. (n.d.). Abdominal bloating: A mysterious symptom
med.unc.edu/ibs/files/educational-gi-handouts/Abdominal%20Bloating.pdf - Understanding bloating and distention. (2014, March 17)
cancer.gov/cancertopics/coping/eatinghints/page4
Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
Current Version
Mar 19, 2020
Written By
Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA
Edited By
Elizabeth Donovan
Jan 3, 2017
Medically Reviewed By
Graham Rogers, MD
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Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M. D. — By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA — Updated on March 19, 2020
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Child has diarrhea and vomiting: how to recognize an infection
Almost 800,000 cases of intestinal infections are registered in Russia every year, up to 80% of them in children: only influenza and SARS are more common. Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness and fever are the main signs. Often the symptoms are similar to food poisoning – we tell you how to understand that the child did not just “ate something wrong.”
What is it and how often does it happen
An intestinal infection is a disease that develops when viruses or bacteria enter the body and is manifested by diarrhea, vomiting, fever, weakness, and dehydration.
According to WHO data for 2018, rotavirus infection accounted for 60% of cases of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age, and most of them were under one year old. When the first symptoms appear in young children, it is necessary to seek medical help – so far in the world, especially in developing countries, up to 200 thousand children die from rotavirus infection every year.
How and when you can get infected
Sources of rotavirus infection can be a sick child or an asymptomatic carrier. The virus is excreted from the body with a stool and with dirty hands gets on household items, clothes and food.
Doctors often refer to rotavirus as the “dirty hand” disease.
A healthy child can introduce the virus into the body by first touching things, and then to the face, as well as by eating unwashed vegetables and fruits.
Outbreaks of rotavirus usually occur in winter, early spring or late autumn, because at low temperatures the viruses survive longer in the external environment. In summer, food poisoning occurs more often – the reason for them, as a rule, is bacterial contamination of food, and bacteria multiply better in the hot season.
What happens when a virus enters the body
With food or saliva – if a child licks dirty hands – rotavirus gets into the mouth, then into the stomach and intestines. There it penetrates into the cells of the surface layer lining the intestines from the inside and damages them. Unlike bacteria, viruses do not lead to pronounced cell inflammation; they disrupt the functioning of the body’s enzyme systems to a greater extent.
Carbohydrates cease to be broken down and accumulate in the intestines – the balance of fluid, potassium and sodium in the body is disturbed. A lot of water, electrolytes, organic acids and carbon dioxide accumulate in the intestine, which should not be there normally. Because of them, vomiting and diarrhea begin and gas formation increases. At the age of up to 5 years, intestinal cells are not yet mature enough – rotavirus infects up to 2/3 of them, so children get sick more often and more severely than adults.
Most often, the first symptom is vomiting. It occurs simultaneously with diarrhea or precedes it and usually lasts 1-2 days. The stool is usually watery, frothy, yellow in color with a small amount of mucus. In infants, it can be up to 20 times a day. The duration of diarrhea is on average 3-7 days, but there are cases up to two weeks – usually in children under one year old. Sometimes the infection begins with a fever up to 38-39 ° C, symptoms of SARS – cough, runny nose, sore throat. Also, children can refuse food and literally fall off their feet.
What to do in order not to get sick
Frequent and thorough hand washing with soap is the prevention of any viral and bacterial infections.
- It is necessary to accustom the child to this from an early age: after the street and going to the toilet, before meals and just a few times a day.
- Parents should wash their own hands before touching or feeding a baby.
- It is important to wash vegetables and fruits before eating, observe the temperature regime when cooking, drink boiled or bottled water.
The greatest amount of the virus is excreted in the stool in the first 5 days of illness, so during this period you need to wash your hands more often and do wet cleaning at home.
Rotavirus vaccination
There are two vaccines – the Belgian “Rotarix” and the Russian “RotaTek”. Only RotaTech is registered in the Russian Federation. It contains the 5 most common strains. Vaccination against rotavirus infection is not included in the national vaccination calendar, but it can be done at the request of the parents. RotaTeq has strict age restrictions and intervals between revaccinations – be sure to consult your pediatrician.
“The effectiveness and safety of vaccines against rotavirus infection, while respecting the age limits, has been confirmed in many studies,” says Elena Kolganova, pediatrician at the Fantasy Children’s Clinic. – After receiving the third dose of the vaccine, the number of hospitalizations decreased by 100%, and visits to the clinic – by 96%. Rotavirus, unlike influenza, rarely mutates, and therefore vaccination does not need to be done every year – immunity lasts up to three years.
How to help a child
Pediatrician and infectious disease specialist at the GMS clinic Daria Zakharova recalls that the infection in different children can proceed in different ways: for some, in the form of mild malaise, loss of appetite with slight discomfort in the abdomen and a single loose stool, for another, with fever, repeated vomiting and severe diarrhea.
“The actions of parents largely depend on the severity and age: where to turn for help. If the child is sick every hour, and he complains of severe pain in the abdomen, then you need to call an ambulance to take him to the hospital, where they will determine the cause of the pain. In all other cases, you need to call a doctor,” emphasizes Daria Zakharova.
In children older than five years, the infection is usually milder, so you can help them on your own.
“You need to start with drinking plenty of fluids to make up for the lack of fluid – what the child loses with vomiting and diarrhea,” says Elena Kolganova. There are special formulas for calculating, but usually 50-100 ml of water per kg of body weight per day is required, i.e. if a child weighs 30 kg, then with a rotavirus infection, he will need from 1.5 to 3 liters of fluid per day. It is better to use a special pharmacy solution: for children, it should contain a minimum of salt and sugar. It is necessary to water the child often and a little bit – 10-15 times an hour for 2-3 sips.
What threatens rotavirus without treatment
From diarrhea and vomiting, the body loses a lot of water along with sodium, potassium, magnesium and other electrolytes. This leads to disruption of the lungs – the child begins to breathe often and shallowly, the heart and blood vessels – the heartbeat quickens, blood pressure decreases, and the brain – dizziness and headache, weakness appear.
In infants, rotavirus infection is most dangerous because large amounts of fluid and electrolyte loss can result in convulsions or loss of consciousness. It is very important to immediately call an ambulance at the first signs of an intestinal infection in infants.
How to help the body recover
“There used to be an opinion that dairy products should not be consumed with rotavirus infection,” says Elena Kolganova. – Now scientists have revised their opinion on this matter: if a child is breast-fed or formula-fed, then nothing needs to be changed. For adult children, it is advisable to remove fresh fruits and vegetables, as they increase peristalsis and fermentation processes in the intestines.
If the child has a temperature above 38.5 ºС, you can give him antipyretics, and in case of severe pain – antispasmodics. You should not give painkillers – this will mask the symptoms and it will be difficult for the doctor to make a diagnosis. You can’t wash the child’s stomach – this will increase vomiting and lead to extreme dehydration – loss of consciousness, convulsions.
“Treatment of uncomplicated rotavirus infection is symptomatic: the main thing is drinking plenty of fluids. Vomiting and loose stools usually go away on their own. However, taking probiotics can speed up the recovery process, their administration is safe and quite effective,” says Daria Zakharova.
A disease is always easier to prevent than to cure – follow the rules of personal hygiene and teach children to do this, wash fruits and vegetables and do not drink tap water.
symptoms and treatment (reminder for parents)
Enteroviral infections – is a group of diseases caused by several types of viruses. The disease is caused by Coxsackieviruses, polioviruses and ECHO (ECHO).
After an enterovirus infection, persistent lifelong immunity is formed, however, it is serospecific. This means that immunity is formed only to the serological type of virus that the child has had and does not protect him from other varieties of these viruses. Therefore, a child can get sick with an enterovirus infection several times in his life. Also, this feature does not allow the development of a vaccine to protect our children from this disease. The disease has a seasonality: outbreaks of the disease are most often observed in the summer-autumn period.
Causes of infection with enterovirus infection.
Infection occurs in several ways. Viruses can enter the environment from a sick child or from a child who is a carrier of the virus. Virus carriers do not have any manifestations of the disease, but the viruses are in the intestines and are excreted into the environment with feces. This condition can be observed in children who have been ill after a clinical recovery, or in children in whom the virus has entered the body, but could not cause the disease due to the strong immunity of the child. The virus carrier can persist for 5 months.
Once in the environment, viruses can persist for quite a long time, as they tolerate adverse effects well. Viruses are well preserved in water and soil, when frozen, they can survive for several years, are resistant to disinfectants (when exposed to solutions of high concentrations of phenol, chlorine, formalin, viruses begin to die only after three hours), but are susceptible to high temperatures (when heated to 45ºС, they die in 45-60 seconds).
How enterovirus infection is transmitted.
The transmission mechanism can be airborne (when sneezing and coughing with droplets of saliva from a sick child to a healthy one) and fecal-oral if personal hygiene is not observed. Most often, infection occurs through water, when drinking raw (not boiled) water. It is also possible to infect children through toys if children take them in their mouths. Most often, children aged 3 to 10 years are ill. In children who are breastfed, there is immunity in the body received from the mother through breast milk, however, this immunity is not stable and quickly disappears after the cessation of breastfeeding.
Symptoms of enterovirus infection.
Viruses enter the body through the mouth or upper respiratory tract. Once in the child’s body, the viruses migrate to the lymph nodes, where they settle and begin to multiply. The further development of the disease is associated with many factors, such as virulence (the ability of the virus to resist the protective properties of the body), tropism (the tendency to infect individual tissues and organs) of the virus, and the state of the child’s immunity.
Enteroviral infections have both similar manifestations and different ones, depending on the species and serotype. The incubation period (the period from the virus entering the child’s body until the first clinical signs appear) is the same for all enterovirus infections – from 1 to 10 days (usually 2-5 days).
The disease begins acutely – with an increase in body temperature to 38-39º C. The temperature most often lasts 3-5 days, after which it drops to normal numbers. Very often, the temperature has a wave-like course: the temperature stays for 2-3 days, after which it decreases and stays at normal levels for 2-3 days, then rises again for 1-2 days and finally returns to normal. When the temperature rises, the child feels weakness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, and vomiting may occur. With a decrease in body temperature, all these symptoms disappear, but with a repeated increase, they may return. The cervical and submandibular lymph nodes also increase, as viruses multiply in them.
Depending on which organs are most affected, there are several forms of enterovirus infection. Enteroviruses can affect: the central and peripheral nervous systems, oropharyngeal mucosa, eye mucosa, skin, muscles, heart, intestinal mucosa, liver; in boys, testicular damage is possible.
When the mucous membrane of the oropharynx is affected, enterovirus angina develops. It is manifested by an increase in body temperature, general intoxication (weakness, headache, drowsiness) and the presence of a vesicular rash in the form of bubbles filled with liquid on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and tonsils. These bubbles burst, in their place ulcers are formed, filled with white bloom. After recovery, no traces remain at the site of the sores.
When the eyes are affected, conjunctivitis develops. It can be one- or two-sided. It manifests itself in the form of photophobia, lacrimation, redness and swelling of the eyes. There may be hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the eye.
With muscle damage, myositis develops – muscle pain. Pain appears on the background of an increase in temperature. Soreness is observed in the chest, arms and legs. The appearance of pain in the muscles, as well as temperature, can be undulating. When the body temperature decreases, the pain decreases or disappears completely.
With damage to the intestinal mucosa (enteritis), there is a liquid stool. Stools of normal color (yellow or brown), liquid, without pathological (mucus, blood) impurities. The appearance of loose stools can be both against the background of an increase in temperature, and isolated (without an increase in body temperature).
Enteroviral infections can affect various parts of the heart. So, if the muscle layer is damaged, myocarditis develops, if the inner layer is damaged with capture of the heart valves, endocarditis develops, if the outer shell of the heart is damaged, pericarditis develops. The child may experience: increased fatigue, weakness, palpitations, drop in blood pressure, rhythm disturbances (blockade, extrasystoles), pain behind the sternum.
With damage to the nervous system, encephalitis, meningitis can develop. The child has: severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, convulsions, paresis and paralysis, loss of consciousness.
With liver damage, acute hepatitis develops. It is characterized by an increase in the liver, a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, pain in this place. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, heartburn, weakness, fever.
When the skin is damaged, exanthema may appear – hyperemia (red coloration) of the skin, most often on the upper half of the body (head, chest, arms), does not rise above the level of the skin, appears simultaneously.
Boys may have inflammation in the testicles with the development of morchitis. Most often, this condition develops 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease with other manifestations (tonsillitis, loose stools, and others). The disease passes quite quickly and does not bear any consequences, however, in rare cases, the development of aspermia (lack of sperm) in adulthood is possible.
There are also congenital forms of enterovirus infection, when viruses enter the child’s body through the placenta from the mother. Usually, this condition has a benign course and is cured on its own, however, in some cases, an enterovirus infection can cause an abortion (miscarriage) and the development of a sudden death syndrome in a child (the death of a child occurs against the background of complete health).
Very rarely, damage to the kidneys, pancreas, lungs is possible. The defeat of various organs and systems can be observed both isolated and combined.
Treatment of enterovirus infection
There is no specific treatment for enterovirus infection. Treatment is carried out at home, hospitalization is indicated in the presence of damage to the nervous system, heart, high temperature, which cannot be reduced for a long time when using antipyretics. The child is shown bed rest for the entire period of fever.
Meals should be light, rich in proteins. A sufficient amount of liquid is needed: boiled water, mineral water without gases, compotes, juices, fruit drinks.
Treatment is carried out symptomatically, depending on the manifestations of the infection – tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, myositis, loose stools, heart damage, encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis, exanthema, orchitis. In some cases (tonsillitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis …) bacterial complications are prevented.
Children are isolated for the entire period of the disease. In the children’s team may be after the disappearance of all symptoms of the disease.
Prevention of enterovirus infection.
For prevention, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene: wash hands after going to the toilet, walking on the street, drinking only boiled water or water from a factory bottle, it is unacceptable to use water from an open source (river, lake) for drinking a child.
There is no specific vaccine against enterovirus infection, since a large number of serotypes of these viruses are present in the environment.