How can you reduce your risk of developing a urinary tract infection. What are the most effective prevention methods for UTIs. Which lifestyle changes can help avoid UTIs. Why are women more prone to urinary tract infections than men. How does sexual activity impact UTI risk.

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections: Causes and Risk Factors

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when harmful bacteria invade the urinary system, typically affecting the bladder and urethra. These infections can cause discomfort and persistent urges to urinate, often accompanied by a burning sensation during urination and cloudy urine.

Women are more susceptible to UTIs due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. Additionally, the proximity of a woman’s urethral opening to the anus increases the risk of E. coli contamination, the primary cause of UTIs.

Common Risk Factors for UTIs

• Frequent sexual activity
• New sexual partners
• Certain types of birth control
• Menopause
• Weakened immune system
• Urinary tract abnormalities
• Blockages in the urinary tract (e.g., kidney stones, enlarged prostate)
• Catheter use
• Recent urinary surgery

Proper Hygiene: The First Line of Defense Against UTIs

Maintaining good hygiene practices is crucial in preventing urinary tract infections. One of the most important habits to develop is wiping from front to back after using the bathroom. This technique helps prevent the transfer of E. coli bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, significantly reducing the risk of infection.

This practice becomes even more critical during episodes of diarrhea when controlling bowel movements may be challenging. By consistently wiping front to back, you create a barrier against bacterial spread and protect your urinary system.

Additional Hygiene Tips for UTI Prevention

• Clean the genital area gently before and after sexual activity
• Avoid using harsh soaps or douches that may disrupt vaginal pH
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear to reduce moisture and bacterial growth
• Change out of wet swimsuits or sweaty clothes promptly

Hydration: A Simple Yet Powerful UTI Prevention Strategy

Proper hydration plays a vital role in maintaining urinary tract health and preventing infections. Drinking adequate fluids throughout the day increases urine production, which helps flush out harmful bacteria from the urinary system before they can cause an infection.

How much water should you drink to prevent UTIs? Aim for 6 to 8 glasses of water per day. If you find it challenging to consume this amount of plain water, consider incorporating other hydrating options into your diet:

• Sparkling water
• Decaffeinated herbal teas
• Milk
• Fruit and vegetable smoothies

While increasing your fluid intake, it’s advisable to limit or avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, as these can irritate the bladder and potentially exacerbate UTI symptoms.

Urination Habits: Timing is Everything in UTI Prevention

Developing healthy urination habits is crucial for preventing urinary tract infections. Holding urine for extended periods can create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. To minimize this risk, it’s important to urinate regularly and empty your bladder completely each time.

How often should you urinate to prevent UTIs? Try not to wait more than 3 to 4 hours between bathroom visits. This practice is especially important for pregnant women, who are at an increased risk of developing UTIs due to hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder.

Urination and Sexual Activity

Sexual activity can increase the risk of UTIs, particularly in women. To reduce this risk, it’s recommended to urinate both before and after sexual intercourse. This practice helps flush out any bacteria that may have been introduced to the urethra during sexual activity.

Additionally, gently washing the genital area before sex can help minimize the presence of bacteria and further reduce the risk of infection.

Avoiding Irritants: Protecting Your Urinary Tract from Harmful Products

The vagina maintains a delicate balance of microbes, including beneficial bacteria like Lactobacilli, which help keep the pH level balanced and prevent overgrowth of harmful bacteria. Certain products can disrupt this balance, increasing the risk of UTIs and other vaginal infections.

Which products should you avoid to prevent UTIs?

• Douches
• Scented pads or tampons
• Scented powders
• Deodorant sprays
• Scented bath oils, soaps, and bubble baths

These products can irritate the genital area and disrupt the natural bacterial balance, potentially leading to UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, or yeast infections. Opt for unscented, gentle products specifically designed for sensitive skin to maintain urinary tract health.

Birth Control Considerations: Balancing Contraception and UTI Prevention

Certain types of birth control methods may increase the risk of urinary tract infections by promoting the growth of harmful bacteria. If you’re experiencing recurrent UTIs, it may be worth evaluating your current contraceptive method.

Birth control options that may increase UTI risk include:

• Diaphragms
• Non-lubricated condoms
• Spermicides
• Spermicide-coated condoms

If you suspect your birth control method is contributing to frequent UTIs, consult your healthcare provider. They can help you explore alternative contraceptive options that may be less likely to cause urinary tract issues while still meeting your reproductive health needs.

Probiotics: Harnessing Good Bacteria to Fight UTIs

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in both the gut and urinary tract. By increasing the presence of good bacteria, probiotics may help protect against urinary tract infections.

How can you incorporate probiotics into your UTI prevention routine?

• Consume fermented foods rich in probiotics, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and tempeh
• Take probiotic supplements specifically formulated for urinary tract health
• Consider using probiotic suppositories under the guidance of a healthcare professional

Research has shown that certain strains of Lactobacilli may be particularly effective in reducing the frequency of UTIs. When choosing a probiotic supplement, look for products that contain these beneficial strains and follow the recommended dosage instructions.

Antibiotic Management: A Proactive Approach to Recurrent UTIs

For individuals who experience frequent or recurrent urinary tract infections that don’t respond well to other prevention methods, a proactive antibiotic management strategy may be necessary. This approach involves working closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan.

Types of Antibiotic Management for UTI Prevention

1. Low-dose prophylactic antibiotics: Taking a small dose of antibiotics daily or after sexual activity to prevent infection.
2. Self-start therapy: Having a prescription for antibiotics on hand to start treatment at the first sign of UTI symptoms.
3. Post-intercourse prophylaxis: Taking a single dose of antibiotics after sexual activity to prevent infection.

It’s important to note that long-term antibiotic use can have side effects and may contribute to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this approach should be carefully considered and monitored by a healthcare professional.

Lifestyle Modifications: Additional Strategies for UTI Prevention

In addition to the previously mentioned prevention methods, several lifestyle modifications can further reduce your risk of developing urinary tract infections.

Clothing Choices

Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing to reduce moisture and heat in the genital area. Opt for cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting pants or synthetic materials that can trap heat and moisture, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth.

Personal Hygiene Products

Choose gentle, unscented personal hygiene products for the genital area. Avoid using harsh soaps, bubble baths, or scented wipes that can irritate the urethra and disrupt the natural bacterial balance.

Dietary Considerations

Some studies suggest that certain foods and beverages may help prevent UTIs or alleviate symptoms. Consider incorporating the following into your diet:

• Cranberry juice or supplements (unsweetened)
• Vitamin C-rich foods
• Probiotic-rich foods
• Green tea

While the evidence for these dietary interventions is mixed, they may provide some benefit when combined with other prevention strategies.

Stress Management

Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections, including UTIs. Incorporate stress-reduction techniques into your daily routine, such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise, to support overall health and bolster your body’s natural defenses against infection.

When to Seek Medical Attention: Recognizing UTI Symptoms

While prevention is key, it’s crucial to recognize the symptoms of a urinary tract infection and seek prompt medical attention when necessary. Early treatment can prevent the infection from spreading to the kidneys and causing more serious complications.

Common symptoms of a UTI include:

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate
• A burning sensation when urinating
• Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
• Cloudy urine
• Red, bright pink, or cola-colored urine (a sign of blood in the urine)
• Strong-smelling urine
• Pelvic pain in women
• Rectal pain in men

If you experience these symptoms, especially if accompanied by fever, back pain, or nausea, contact your healthcare provider promptly. They can perform a urine test to confirm the diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment, typically a course of antibiotics.

Tailoring UTI Prevention Strategies to Specific Populations

While the general prevention methods discussed earlier apply to most individuals, certain populations may require additional or modified strategies to effectively prevent urinary tract infections.

UTI Prevention for Pregnant Women

Pregnant women are at an increased risk of developing UTIs due to hormonal changes and pressure on the bladder. In addition to the standard prevention methods, pregnant women should:

• Stay well-hydrated
• Urinate frequently, even if the urge is minimal
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid tight-fitting pants
• Consult with their healthcare provider about safe UTI prevention strategies during pregnancy

UTI Prevention for Postmenopausal Women

Postmenopausal women may be more susceptible to UTIs due to changes in vaginal pH and decreased estrogen levels. Additional prevention strategies for this group include:

• Using vaginal estrogen cream or suppositories (as prescribed by a healthcare provider)
• Maintaining good vaginal health through proper hygiene and moisturizing
• Staying sexually active, which can help maintain vaginal health

UTI Prevention for Individuals with Catheters

People who use catheters are at a higher risk of developing UTIs. To minimize this risk:

• Practice proper catheter care and hygiene
• Change catheters regularly as recommended by a healthcare provider
• Consider intermittent catheterization instead of indwelling catheters when possible
• Stay well-hydrated to promote regular urine flow

The Role of Natural Remedies in UTI Prevention

While scientific evidence is limited for many natural remedies, some individuals find relief or added protection against UTIs through alternative approaches. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating these remedies into your prevention routine, especially if you’re taking medications or have underlying health conditions.

Herbal Supplements and Natural Remedies

Some natural remedies that have shown potential in preventing or managing UTIs include:

• D-mannose: A type of sugar that may help prevent E. coli from adhering to the urinary tract
• Uva ursi: An herb with potential antibacterial properties
• Garlic: Contains allicin, which may have antimicrobial effects
• Green tea: Rich in antioxidants and may have antimicrobial properties
• Cranberry extract: May help prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract lining

While these natural remedies may offer some benefits, they should not replace conventional medical treatment for active UTIs. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

The Importance of Comprehensive UTI Prevention

Preventing urinary tract infections requires a multifaceted approach that combines good hygiene practices, lifestyle modifications, and proactive health management. By implementing the strategies outlined in this article, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing UTIs and maintain optimal urinary tract health.

Remember that while these prevention methods are effective for many people, individual needs may vary. If you experience recurrent UTIs or have concerns about your urinary health, consult with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized prevention plan tailored to your specific needs and risk factors.

By staying informed, practicing good habits, and working closely with your healthcare team, you can take control of your urinary health and minimize the impact of UTIs on your overall well-being. Stay vigilant, stay hydrated, and prioritize your urinary tract health for a happier, healthier you.

9 Ways to Avoid a Urinary Tract Infection

You may be able to prevent UTIs with hygiene and lifestyle practices. Drinking enough water and avoiding certain products may also help.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) happens when an infection develops in your urinary system. It most often affects the lower urinary tract, which includes the bladder and urethra.

If you have a UTI, you’ll likely have a persistent need to urinate. Other common symptoms include burning when you pee and cloudy urine.

UTIs are common, but it’s possible to minimize the risk of getting one. In this article, we’ll explain the steps you can take to lower your chance of having a UTI, as well as ways to reduce the risk for people of all ages.

Women get more UTIs than men. This is because women have a shorter urethra — the tube that brings urine out of the bladder. This allows bacteria to enter the urethra and bladder more easily.

Also, a woman’s urethral opening is closer to the anus, where most UTI-causing E. coli bacteria are found.

Other factors that can further increase the risk of UTI include:

• frequent sexual activity
• new sexual partners
• some types of birth control
• menopause

In both men and women, UTI risk factors include:

• a weakened immune system
• urinary tract abnormalities
• blockages in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate
• catheter use
• urinary surgery

UTIs can’t always be avoided, but it’s possible to reduce your risk of getting one. Here are nine prevention methods that may help you sidestep a UTI.

1. Wipe front to back

Since the rectum is a main source of E.coli, it’s best to wipe your genitals from front to back after using the bathroom. This habit decreases the risk of bringing E.coli from the anus to the urethra.

It’s even more important to do this if you have diarrhea. Having diarrhea can make it hard to control bowel movements, which may increase the chance of E. coli spreading to the urethra.

2. Drink plenty of fluids

Stay hydrated throughout the day. This will make you pee more frequently, which flushes bacteria out of your urinary tract.

Water is the best choice. Aim for 6 to 8 glasses per day. If it’s hard for you to drink that much water, you can also increase your fluid intake by drinking sparkling water, decaffeinated herbal tea, milk, or smoothies made with fruits and vegetables.

Try to limit or avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks, which may irritate the bladder.

3. Avoid holding your pee

Avoid holding in your urine, as this can encourage bacterial growth. Try not to wait more than 3 to 4 hours to pee, and completely empty your bladder each time.

This is even more important if you’re pregnant as pregnancy puts you at an increased risk for a UTI. Holding your pee can further increase the risk.

4. Urinate before and after sex

Sexual activity increases the chances of getting a UTI, especially if you’re a woman. That’s because bacteria can easily get into the urethra during sex.

To reduce your risk, pee immediately before and after sex. The idea is to flush out bacteria that may cause UTIs.

It’s also a good idea to gently wash your genital area before sex. This can help keep the area clean and reduce the chance of bacteria spreading to your urethra.

5. Avoid scented products

The vagina naturally contains more than 50 different microbes, many of which are a type of bacteria called Lactobacilli. These bacteria help keep the vagina healthy and the pH level balanced.

Scented feminine products can disrupt this balance, allowing harmful bacteria to overgrow. This can result in UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, and yeast infections.

Avoid using products such as:

• douches
• scented pads or tampons
• scented powders
• deodorant sprays

Scented bath oils, soaps, and bubble baths can also irritate the genital area and cause an imbalance in vaginal bacteria.

6. Explore birth control options

Some types of birth control might promote an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. This includes:

• diaphragms
• non-lubricated condoms
• spermicides
• spermicide condoms

If you think your birth control is causing UTIs, talk with your doctor. They can walk you through the different options and help you find an alternative method that’s right for you.

7. Take probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can increase good gut bacteria. They may also help promote the growth of good bacteria in the urinary tract. This could help protect you from getting a UTI.

Generally, Lactobacillistrains have been associated with less frequent UTIs. There are several ways you can take probiotics to boost the health of your urinary tract, including:

• eating fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, or tempeh
• taking probiotic supplements
• using probiotic suppositories

UTI Supplement Options

Read our full review of Uqora, a company that focuses on developing natural supplements for UTI prevention.

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8. Get antibiotics

If you get UTIs that don’t respond well to treatment or keep coming back, your doctor might recommend a small daily dose of oral antibiotics. This can help prevent a UTI by controlling harmful bacteria.

You’ll likely have to take the antibiotics after sex or when you first notice UTI symptoms. The drawback, however, is that prolonged antibiotic use can lead to antibiotic resistance. Your doctor can determine if this is the right prevention method for you.

9. Consume cranberries

Cranberries are a traditional home remedy for preventing UTIs. The berry has compounds called proanthocyanidins that may prevent E.coli from adhering to tissues in the urinary tract.

It’s also thought that vitamin C in cranberries may increase the acidity of urine, which might reduce overgrowth of bad bacteria.

Scientific research shows conflicting results. Some studies have found that cranberry extract reduces the frequency of UTIs, while others haven’t found the same effect.

Though it’s not clear if cranberries can prevent UTIs, it’s a low-risk remedy. If you’d like to consume cranberries, opt for unsweetened, pure cranberry juice instead of sugary cranberry cocktails. You can also eat fresh or frozen cranberries.

Older adults are also at a higher risk of getting a UTI. This is often due to:

• age-related changes in immune function
• bladder or bowel incontinence
• catheter use
• cognitive impairment
• menopause

In addition to the prevention methods outlined above, estrogen replacement therapy can help prevent UTIs in older women.

Menopause decreases estrogen levels, which may disrupt the bacterial balance of the vagina. Estrogen treatment, like a low-dose vaginal cream, can help restore this balance.

It’s not only adults who get UTIs. Babies and children can get them, too. Bladder and kidney infections are the most common types of UTIs among children, especially girls.

Teaching the following habits may help prevent UTIs in children:

• taking bathroom breaks every 2 to 3 hours
• completely emptying the bladder
• taking time while peeing
• teaching girls to wipe from front to back after urinating
• avoiding tight underwear or clothes
• avoiding bubble baths
• staying hydrated

Sometimes, a UTI doesn’t cause any signs or symptoms. If it does, you may have:

• a strong, constant urge to pee
• burning while urinating
• peeing only small amounts of urine
• cloudy urine
• bloody urine (red, pink, or cola-colored)
• smelly urine
• pelvic pain (in women)

Visit a doctor if you notice these symptoms. They’ll likely do a urine test. If you test positive for a UTI, your doctor will probably prescribe antibiotics.

There are many ways to reduce your risk of getting a UTI. Natural remedies include healthy bathroom habits, urinating before and after sex, and taking probiotics.

Medical methods involve antibiotics or a different form of birth control. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women may benefit from estrogen therapy, which rebalances vaginal bacteria.

Talk to your doctor about the best ways to prevent a UTI. You can discuss different options and determine what works best for you.

Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage

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• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) is a gut-friendly bacteria available as a dietary supplement and added to various foods like dairy products. It can help relieve IBS symptoms and diarrhea, enhance your gut health, and defend your teeth against decay.

The human body contains 10–100 trillion bacteria (1).

Most of these bacteria live inside your gut, collectively known as microbiota. They play an important role in maintaining optimal health.

While there are many benefits to having a healthy balance of gut bacteria, an imbalance is linked to numerous diseases (2, 3).

One of the most well-studied friendly bacteria is L. rhamnosus.

This article reviews the benefits, side effects, and dosage of L. rhamnosus.

L. rhamnosus is a type of bacteria found in your intestines.

It belongs to the genus Lactobacillus, a type of bacteria that produce the enzyme lactase. This enzyme breaks down the sugar lactose — which is found in dairy — into lactic acid.

Bacteria from this genus, such as L. rhamnosus, are considered probiotic.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can offer health benefits when consumed (4).

Hundreds of studies support the benefits of L. rhamnosus.

Uniquely adapted to survive in acidic and basic conditions within your body, this bacterium can also adhere to and colonize your intestinal walls. Such characteristics give L. rhamnosus a better chance of survival — so it may offer longer-term benefits (5, 6).

There are many different strains, each with different characteristics (7).

L. rhamnosus is available as a probiotic supplement and often added to yogurts, cheeses, milk, and other dairy products to boost probiotic content.

It can also be added to dairy for other reasons. For example, L.rhamnosus plays a key role in cheese ripening, which enhances flavor (8, 9).

However, many products that contain L. rhamnosus don’t typically include it in the ingredients list.

Summary

L. rhamnosus is a member of the probiotic Lactobacillus genus of bacteria. It is adapted to survive in your gut, thus potentially offering longer-term benefits.

L. rhamnosus has numerous potential benefits and uses for your digestive system, as well as other areas of health.

1. May Prevent and Treat Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common issue sometimes caused by bacterial infection.

In most situations, diarrhea is relatively harmless. However, persistent diarrhea can cause fluid loss, which may lead to dehydration.

Studies show that L. rhamnosus may help prevent or treat various types of diarrhea.

For example, L. rhamnosus may protect against antibiotic-related diarrhea. Antibiotics can disrupt microbiota, which may result in digestive symptoms like diarrhea (10, 11).

For instance, a review of 12 studies in 1,499 people found that supplementing with a specific strain called L. rhamnosus GG reduced the risk of antibiotic-related diarrhea from 22.4% to 12.3% (12).

In addition, taking a probiotic during and after antibiotic use can help restore your healthy gut bacteria, since antibiotics often kill them alongside harmful bacteria.

What’s more, L. rhamnosus may protect against various other types of diarrhea, such as traveler’s diarrhea, acute watery diarrhea, and acute gastroenteritis-related diarrhea (13, 14, 15).

2. May Relieve IBS Symptoms

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 9–23% of adults worldwide (16).

While its cause is unknown, IBS causes uncomfortable symptoms, such as bloating, abdominal pain, and unusual bowel movements (16).

Interestingly, there may be a link between IBS and changes in the body’s natural gut flora.

For instance, people with IBS may have fewer Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria but more potentially harmful Clostridium, Streptococcus, and E. coli (17, 18).

Human studies note that Lactobacillus-rich foods or supplements may relieve common IBS symptoms, such as abdominal pain (19, 20, 21).

Additionally, animal studies have found that L. rhamnosus strains may strengthen gut barriers, which may help relieve IBS symptoms (22).

However, more research in humans is needed before recommendations can be made.

3. Aids Gut Health

Like other probiotic bacteria, L. rhamnosus is great for your digestive health.

It belongs to the Lactobacillus family, which produces lactic acid. Lactic acid helps prevent the survival of potentially harmful bacteria in your digestive tract.

For instance, L. rhamnosus can prevent Candida albicans, a type of harmful bacteria, from colonizing your intestinal walls (23).

L. rhamnosus not only prevents bad bacteria from colonizing but also encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Clostridia, and bifidobacteria (24).

What’s more, L. rhamnosus helps increase the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate (25).

SCFAs are made when your healthy gut bacteria ferment fiber inside your digestive tract. They are a source of nourishment for the cells lining your colon (26).

In addition, studies link SCFAs to various benefits, including protection against colon cancer, weight loss, and lower blood sugar levels (27, 28, 29).

4. May Protect Against Cavities

Dental cavities are a common occurrence, especially in children (30).

They’re formed by harmful bacteria in your mouth. These bacteria produce acids that break down your enamel, or the outer layer of your teeth (31).

Probiotic bacteria like L. rhamnosus have antimicrobial properties, which may help fight these harmful bacteria (32).

In one study, 594 children received either regular milk or milk containing L. rhamnosus GG for 5 days per week. After 7 months, children in the probiotic group had fewer cavities and a lower number of potentially harmful bacteria than children in the regular-milk group (33).

Another study in 108 adolescents found that taking a lozenge containing probiotic bacteria — including L. rhamnosus GG — significantly reduced bacterial growth and gum inflammation, compared to a placebo (34).

That said, more human studies are needed before recommendations can be made.

5. May Help Prevent UTIs

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can happen anywhere along your urinary tract, including your kidneys, bladder, and urethra.

It is much more common in women and typically caused by two strains of bacteria — Escherichia coli (E. coli)and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (35, 36).

Some studies indicate that probiotic bacteria, including certain strains of L. rhamnosus, may prevent UTIs by killing harmful bacteria and restoring vaginal flora.

For instance, an analysis of 5 studies in 294 women found that several Lactobacillus bacteria, including L. rhamnosus, were safe and effective at preventing UTIs (37).

Other studies discovered that the L. rhamnosus GR1 strain — given either orally or intravaginally — was particularly effective at killing harmful bacteria in the urinary tract (38, 39).

However, not all L. rhamnosus strains may help treat UTIs. For example, L. rhamnosus GG strains don’t attach well to vaginal walls and may not be effective (40).

While these findings are promising, more human research is needed.

6–10. Other Potential Benefits

L. rhamnosus has been linked to several other potential health benefits. However, these properties are backed by fewer or weaker studies:

6. May promote weight loss. L. rhamnosus may suppress appetite and food cravings, especially in women (41, 42).
7. May increase insulin sensitivity. Animal studies show that several L. rhamnosus strains may improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control (43, 44, 45, 46).
8. May reduce blood cholesterol. One mouse study found that L. rhamnosus lowered blood cholesterol levels and had a similar effect on cholesterol metabolism as statins, a class of drugs that helps treat high cholesterol (47).
9. May fight allergies. L. rhamnosus strains may help prevent or relieve allergy symptoms by promoting the growth of friendly gut bacteria and suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria (48, 49, 50).
10. May help treat acne. In a small study in 20 adults, taking an L. rhamnosus SP1 supplement helped reduce the appearance of acne (51).

Summary

L. rhamnosus may boost your overall digestive health, potentially treating diarrhea, relieving IBS symptoms, and strengthening your gut. It may also protect against cavities and UTIs. A number of other potential benefits haven’t been rigorously tested.

L. rhamnosus probiotic supplements can be purchased in health food stores or online.

They can contain only L. rhamnosus species or these species combined with other probiotic bacteria.

Probiotic bacteria are measured by the number of living organisms per capsule, known as colony-forming units (CFU). A typical L. rhamnosus supplement holds approximately 10 billion live bacteria — or 10 billion CFU — per capsule.

For general health, 1 capsule containing at least 10 billion live bacteria is sufficient.

To help prevent antibiotic-related diarrhea, take 2 capsules of L. rhamnosus GG daily providing 10 billion live bacteria or 1 capsule with over 20 billion live bacteria (52).

Take the probiotic supplement a few hours after your antibiotic(s), then continue for at least one week after your course of antibiotics to help restore a healthy gut.

Dosage guidelines have not been established for other uses of L. rhamnosus, but experts suggest that a similar daily dose may be appropriate.

Keep in mind that L. rhamnosus is sometimes added to dairy products — such as yogurts and milk — to boost their probiotic content and to cheeses to aid the ripening process.

Summary

L. rhamnosus can be taken as a probiotic supplement and is often added to various foods, especially dairy products. This means that your diet may naturally provide an extra dose of this bacterium.

L. rhamnosus products are generally safe and well tolerated with few side effects.

In some cases, people may experience symptoms like stomach bloating or gas (53).

That said, people with compromised immune systems — such as those with HIV, AIDS, or cancer — should avoid L. rhamnosus and other probiotics (or dairy products with added probiotics), as such supplements may cause an infection.

Likewise, if you’re taking drugs that may weaken your immune system — such as steroid drugs, cancer drugs, or medication for an organ transplant — you should avoid taking probiotics.

If you fall into these criteria or are concerned about side effects, consult with your medical provider before taking a probiotic supplement or dairy products with added probiotics.

Summary

L. rhamnosus is generally safe with few side effects. However, those with compromised immune systems or taking certain medications should avoid taking probiotics or first consult with a medical professional.

L. rhamnosus is a type of friendly bacteria naturally found in your gut.

Its health benefits include relieving IBS symptoms, treating diarrhea, strengthening your gut health, and protecting against cavities.

L. rhamnosus is available as a probiotic supplement and found in some dairy products.

If you are interested in improving your digestive health, consider trying out L. rhamnosus.

METEONOVA – UV Solar Activity Index in Ooty by the hour for two days – forecast of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation index

What is ultraviolet and how does it affect health?

Since the early 1970s, there has been an increase in skin cancer cases. This was due to the individual habits of people in relation to being in the sun. It was believed that sunbathing is undoubtedly pleasant and useful. However, this is not the case, and excessive sun exposure leads to skin damage and an increased risk of cancer.

All people on the planet are exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation or UV radiation) corresponds to the electromagnetic wave range with a wavelength of 100-400 nanometers and is divided into three classes:

• A 315-400 nm
• B 280-315 nm
• C 100-280 nm

As rays travel through the earth’s atmosphere, all UV-C rays and 90% of Class-B rays are absorbed by ozone, water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Thus, UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is A-class waves with a small number of B-class waves.

The intensity of UV radiation near the earth’s surface is affected by the following factors:

1. Sun height. The higher the Sun is above the horizon, the stronger the level of UV radiation. Thus, the level of radiation fluctuates from day to night and from winter to summer. The highest levels are reached around noon during the summer months. So, 60% of the radiation comes between about 11 and 15 hours of the day local time.
2. Latitude. The closer to the equator, the higher the level of UV radiation
3. Cloud cover. The level of UV radiation is higher when the sky is cloudless, but even with some cloudiness, the radiation can be strong due to reflection from clouds, thus creating scattered sources of radiation. Thin clouds can transmit up to 90% of UV rays.
4. Altitude above sea level. At higher altitudes, the atmosphere is thinner and absorbs less UV radiation from the Sun. Every 1000 meters, the UV level increases by about 10%.
5. Ozone. Ozone absorbs some of the UV radiation that would otherwise reach the Earth’s surface. The concentration of ozone in the atmosphere fluctuates both during the year and within one day.
6. Ground reflection. UV radiation is reflected or scattered to varying degrees by different surfaces. For example, snow reflects up to 80%, dry sand about 15%, and sea foam up to 25%. People indoors receive 10-20% UV radiation compared to people outdoors. People in the shade receive approximately 50% of the exposure.

Small doses of ultraviolet radiation are beneficial to humans, especially in the production of vitamin D. UV rays are also used to treat certain diseases such as rickets, psoriasis and eczema. This requires medical supervision, and the benefit of treatment versus harm from UV rays is determined by the treating physician.

Prolonged exposure of a person to UV radiation can cause acute and chronic damage to the skin, eyes, and immune system. Sunburn and tanning are the most well-known effects of skin damage from UV radiation. In the long term, this leads to cell destruction, fibrous tissue formation, vascular damage and premature skin aging. UV radiation can also lead to eye inflammation and photokeratitis.

Chronic diseases include two broad groups: skin cancer and cataracts. Between 2 and 3 million cases of skin cancer are recorded every year. Between 12 and 15 million go blind from cataracts. According to the WHO, up to 20% of cases are associated with excessive exposure to the sun, especially in India, Pakistan and other countries of the “cataract belt” located close to the equator.

Moreover, there are suggestions that UV radiation may increase the risk of developing infectious diseases and reduce the effect of vaccinations.

People’s habits of sun exposure as much as possible may be responsible for the rise in skin cancer cases in recent decades. An increase in the frequency of outdoor activities and the desire to sunbathe lead to an increase in the duration of exposure to UV rays. Unfortunately, many people still consider prolonged sunbathing to be normal, and a tanned look is regarded as a sign of activity and good health. This is especially dangerous for children, as their skin is more delicate and sensitive to lesions.

What is the UV Index?

The Global Solar UV-Index (UVI, UV-index, UVI) is a simple measure of the level of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, and at the same time an indicator of potential skin damage. It is intended to alert people to the need for protective measures when they are out in the sun. The UV index was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, and the Federal Radiation Protection Service of Germany.

The UV Index describes the level of solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. The higher the index value, the greater the potential risk of damage to the skin and eyes, and the less time it takes for this to happen.

The marked increase in skin cancer cases worldwide among fair-skinned people is clearly related to increased exposure to the sun or use of tanning beds. Recent studies show that people’s habits of being in the sun for a long time lead to an increase in the number of UV radiation injuries. UVR warns people of the risks of prolonged UV exposure and recommends the use of protective equipment when necessary.

Basic sun protection

• Avoid sun exposure between 12 and 2 pm
• Look for shady places
• Wear closed clothing
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat that covers your eyes, face, and neck from the sun.
• Wear sunglasses that cover your eyes completely.
• Use sun screens and awnings
• Avoid tanning beds

Protect children and teenagers from the sun – this is very important!

The UV index ranges from 0 to 13, with higher values ​​corresponding to higher exposure. Even for very sensitive skin with UVR values ​​less than 3, the risk of short-term and long-term damage is minimal, and no protection is required under normal conditions. Above level 3, protection is required and must be further enhanced for levels 8 and above.

The index value can be either measured by spectroradiometers or calculated using mathematical models. To forecast the UV Index for Ut, we use our own calculation algorithm based on the use of data from global weather models.

Does azithromycin work for uti?

• Quick Navigation
• What is azithromycin?
• What is a UTI?
  1. Definition
  2. Symptoms of UTI
  3. Causes of UIT
  4. Treatment of UTI 45
  5. Azithromycin for UTI
  6. Other antibiotics for UTI
  7. How to prevent UTI?
  8. Conclusion

Azithromycin for UTI has some therapeutic effect in urinary tract infections, but many patients do not have enough knowledge about urinary tract infections and do not understand the effectiveness of azithromycin. I will now answer these questions below.

What is azithromycin?

Azithromycin tablets Indications for this product are suitable for the following infections caused by susceptible bacteria: bronchitis, pneumonia and other infections of the lower respiratory tract; skin and soft tissue infections; acute otitis media; sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other infections of the upper respiratory tract Azithromycin can effectively eliminate oropharyngeal streptococcus, but there is no evidence of the effectiveness of Azithromycin in the treatment and prevention of rheumatic fever.

Azithromycin can be used for simple genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, sexually transmitted diseases in men and women. Azithromycin can also be used for simple sexual infections caused by non-multidrug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chancroid caused by Haemophilus duke.

What is azithromycin

What is UTI?

1.

Definition

Urethra Infection (UTI) refers to pathogens that enter the urinary tract directly, grow and multiply in the urine, and infect the mucous membrane or tissues of the urinary tract, causing damage . According to different parts of the invasion of the pathogen, it is divided into pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis.

Pyelonephritis is also called upper urinary tract infection, and cystitis and urethritis together are called lower. urethra infectious disease. Because childhood infections are rarely limited to a specific part of the urinary tract and are difficult to identify clinically, they are often referred to as UTIs. According to clinical symptoms, it can be divided into symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

According to a national survey conducted in China in 1982, urinary tract infections accounted for 8.5% of diseases in this system. In 1987, according to urinary screening statistics for children in 21 provinces and cities across the country, UTIs accounted for 12.5% ​​of urinary attacks in children. Whether in adults or children, the incidence of UTIs in women is usually higher than in men, but the incidence in men is higher than in women in newborns or young infants.

2.

UTI symptoms

A. Acute infection

• Newborns. Mostly systemic symptoms, most often caused by blood poisoning. Accompanied by jaundice, latent bacteriuria, fever, lack of body temperature, pallor of the skin, lack of weight gain, refusal of milk, diarrhea, lethargy and convulsions.
• Infants and young children have severe systemic symptoms, mainly abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. When urinating, there is crying and an unpleasant smell of urine. Frequent urination can cause refractory diaper dermatitis. Enuresis appears at night without enuresis at first.
• In children, symptoms of lower urinary tract infection are mainly bladder irritation, while upper urinary tract infections present with fever, chills, lower back pain, percussion pain in the kidney area, and tenderness of the costal crest angle. Hemorrhagic cystitis caused by E. coli, may have hematuria.

B. Relapse and re-infection

Relapse means that bacteriuria temporarily becomes negative after treatment and the original pathogenic bacteria reappear within a short period of time (6 weeks) after stopping the drug, and symptoms reappear. Reinfection refers to an infection that has been cured after treatment and is caused by another pathogen invading the urinary tract for a long time (usually 6 weeks) after stopping the drug.

C. Chronic infection

Disease course more than 6 months. Pyuria or bacteriuria may occasionally occur. People with long-term illness may have anemia, fatigue, and developmental delay. Causes of UIT . Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of UTIs, accounting for about 60-80%. For newborns suffering from UTI for the first time, girls of all ages and boys under one year old, Escherichia coli remains the main pathogen, and in boys older than one year, the main pathogen is mainly Proteus. In girls 10-16 years old, Staphylococcus albicans is also common, and Klebsiella and Enterococcus are more common in newborns.

4.

Treatment of UTIs

Treatment aims to control symptoms, eradicate pathogens, eliminate predisposing factors, and prevent recurrence.

Principles for choosing antibiotics:

• Place of infection: in case of pyelonephritis, drugs with a high concentration in the blood should be chosen, and drugs with a high concentration in the urine – in cystitis .
• Route of infection: In ascending infections sulfa drugs are the first choice. If systemic symptoms such as fever are evident or blood-borne infections are detected, penicillins aminoglycosides or cephalosporins are usually used alone or in combination.
• Select antibiotics based on urine culture and drug susceptibility test results, combined with clinical efficacy.
• The drug should have a high concentration in kidney tissue, urine and blood.
• Selected preparations have a strong antibacterial capacity and a wide antibacterial spectrum. It is best to use strong and difficult-to-manufacture drugs against resistant bacteria.
• Preparations with minor impairment of renal function.

Azithromycin for UTI

Azithromycin is a new generation of macrolides. antibiotics . Its antibacterial spectrum is wider than erythromycin . It has a stronger antibacterial effect on gram-negative bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae than erythromycin. It also has a strong effect on Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. If you drink milk at home, Balla can also macrolide test to let you know if there are macrolide residues in milk.

Azithromycin is well absorbed when administered orally, has a high tissue concentration, a long half-life (2 to 3 days), and a high concentration in the genitourinary tract, prostate and other tissues. Therefore, it is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and urea urogenital infection caused by the parent organism.

Azithromycin tablets are used to treat infectious diseases. Symptoms usually disappear after three days in a row and get worse over the next three days. The course of treatment and method of application are as follows: dilute in water and swallow inside.

Adults: For sexually transmitted diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, only 1.0 g of this product should be taken orally once. Treatment of other infections: the total dose is 1.5 g divided into three doses; 0.5 g of this product is taken once a day. Or the total dose is the same, still 1.5 g, take 0.5 g on the first day, then take 0.25 g of this product once a day from the second to the fifth day.

A patient suffering from a urinary tract infection should be treated in a timely manner, but pay attention to medicines under the direction of a doctor, and not take medicines without permission, which may harm health. Drink plenty of water and flush your urethra to help relieve the condition.

However, some clinicians suggest that azithromycin is not effective in treating urinary tract infections. It is best to eat cephalosporins and levofloxacin. If you are not feeling well, you should go to the hospital to have your bladder checked and follow your doctor’s advice. Always drink plenty of water and urinate more often.

Azithromycin for UTI

Other antibiotics for UTI

The following oral antibiotics are commonly used to treat simple UTI infections (acute cystitis): rome. Physicians should select antibiotics based on the patient’s medical history, type of UTI, evidence of local drug resistance, and cost. First-line drugs are usually selected from nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. When first-line drugs cannot be used, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and some cephalosporins such as cefpodoxime, cefdinir, or cefaclor can be used.

Fluoroquinolones Such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are also commonly used for simple UTIs. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) strongly recommends the use of such drugs for more serious infections and only when conventional antibiotics are not available.

An FDA safety review found that oral and injectable fluoroquinolones (also called “quinolones”) are associated with serious and potentially disabling side effects affecting tendons, muscles, joints, nerves, and the central nervous system. These adverse reactions may occur shortly after ingestion or several weeks after exposure, and may be permanent.

Some oral fluoroquinolones may be suitable for the treatment of more complex urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis and complex UTIs involving the prostate. For outpatient treatment of simple pyelonephritis, the following quinolones can be used: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Depending on the pattern of resistance (>10%), an initial dose of long-acting parenteral antibacterials (eg, ceftriaxone) or a 24-hour dose of aminoglycoside drugs may be required.

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin , which are used to treat cystitis (E. coli infection), are highly resistant to antibiotics. Other oral drugs with increased resistance include sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and fluoroquinolones . The resistance rate to oral cephalosporins and amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium is usually less than 10%, and amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium can still be used as a drug.

What about frequent recurrences of urinary tract infections? Within one year of the onset of urinary tract infections, 1/4 to 1/2 of women may re-infect with a UTI. Prophylactic use of antibiotics is recommended in such women, as well as urine culture or imaging for further analysis. The choice of antibiotic should be based on previous urinary tract infections, drug availability, and patient factors (such as antibiotic allergy and cost). Antibiotics commonly used for recurrent UTIs include sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, cefaclor, or cephalexin.

For postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections due to vaginal dryness, vaginal estrogen may be an effective treatment. Recommended treatment options include: an estrogen vaginal ring, a vaginal tablet, or an estrogen vaginal cream.

Treatment of UTIs without antibiotics is not usually recommended. Early urinary tract infections (such as cystitis) can worsen over time, leading to more serious kidney infections (pyelonephritis). If you have 9 symptoms0094 urethra infection, it is best to seek medical attention. If pregnant women suspect they have a urinary tract infection, they should seek medical attention as soon as possible, otherwise the risk of having a low birth weight baby or prematurity may be higher.

Some patients may use cranberry or cranberry juice as a home remedy for urinary tract infections. However, cranberry juice for ooty has not been shown to cure bacterial infections of the bladder or kidneys. In most cases, antibiotics are the best treatment for urinary tract infections. Based on limited evidence, increasing fluid intake (such as water), avoiding spermicides, and avoiding urination after intercourse may also help prevent UTIs.

How to prevent a UTI?

• Keep your vulva clean. Adults should wash the vulva once a day, change underwear frequently, wipe the anus after a bowel movement, and avoid getting dirt from the anus into the urethral opening.
• Pay attention to sexual hygiene. Before sex, clean the external genitalia. If contraceptives are used, they should be cleaned or disinfected. You should urinate once before and after sex. Also, stop masturbation, especially masturbation with utensils, to prevent urinary tract infection and injury.
• Prevent full urine. When you have the urge to urinate, urinate on time, do not retain urine, and empty your bladder every night before bed.
• Eliminate invading germs. Drink plenty of boiled water to increase diuresis, so that urine continues to flush out the urinary tract, remove bacteria and toxins as soon as possible, and keep the urinary tract clean.
• Physical fitness is an important aspect of preventing urinary tract infections.

Physical fitness is an important aspect of preventing urinary tract infections.

Conclusion

Azithromycin for uti is effective, but its effectiveness may not be as magical as we thought.