What are the common side effects of acyclovir. How does acyclovir work in treating viral infections. What precautions should patients take when using acyclovir. When should you seek medical attention while taking acyclovir.

Understanding Acyclovir: A Powerful Antiviral Medication

Acyclovir is a widely prescribed antiviral medication used to treat various viral infections, particularly those caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This potent drug has been a cornerstone in managing conditions such as genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chickenpox for decades.

How does acyclovir work? The medication functions by interfering with the virus’s ability to replicate its DNA, effectively halting its spread within the body. By doing so, acyclovir helps to shorten the duration of outbreaks, reduce the severity of symptoms, and in some cases, prevent recurrences.

Key Uses of Acyclovir

• Treatment of genital herpes
• Management of cold sores (oral herpes)
• Treatment and prevention of shingles
• Management of chickenpox in severe cases
• Prevention of herpes infections in immunocompromised patients

Is acyclovir effective against all types of viral infections? No, acyclovir is specifically designed to target herpes viruses and is not effective against other types of viruses such as influenza or the common cold.

Common Side Effects of Acyclovir: What Patients Should Know

While acyclovir is generally well-tolerated, like all medications, it can cause side effects in some individuals. Understanding these potential effects can help patients better manage their treatment and know when to seek medical attention.

Frequently Reported Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Malaise (general feeling of discomfort)

Are these side effects typically severe? In most cases, these common side effects are mild and resolve on their own as the body adjusts to the medication. However, if they persist or worsen, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.

Less Common Side Effects

Some patients may experience less frequent side effects, which can include:

• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Agitation
• Stomach cramps
• Hair loss
• Muscle pain
• Pins and needles sensation on the skin

Do these side effects indicate that the medication should be discontinued? Not necessarily. Many of these effects are temporary and do not require stopping the medication. However, discussing any persistent or bothersome side effects with a healthcare provider is crucial for optimal management.

Serious Side Effects: When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

While rare, acyclovir can occasionally cause more severe side effects that require prompt medical intervention. Patients should be aware of these potential complications and know when to seek emergency care.

Severe Side Effects to Watch For

• Signs of kidney problems (changes in urine output, unusual back/side pain)
• Mental/mood changes (confusion, hallucinations, aggressive behavior)
• Severe dizziness or trouble speaking
• Seizures
• Yellowing of eyes or skin (jaundice)
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Severe abdominal pain
• Sudden vision changes

Can acyclovir cause life-threatening reactions? In rare cases, acyclovir may lead to a serious disorder affecting blood cells, kidneys, and other body parts. This risk is higher in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or those who have undergone organ transplants.

Acyclovir and Allergic Reactions: Recognizing the Signs

Although uncommon, allergic reactions to acyclovir can occur and may be severe. Patients should be vigilant for any signs of an allergic response and seek immediate medical care if they occur.

Symptoms of a Serious Allergic Reaction

• Rash
• Itching or swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat)
• Severe dizziness
• Difficulty breathing

How quickly can an allergic reaction develop? Allergic reactions can occur at any time during treatment, even if the patient has previously tolerated the medication well. Immediate medical attention is crucial if any signs of a severe allergic reaction appear.

Acyclovir Interactions: Navigating Potential Risks

Understanding how acyclovir interacts with other medications, supplements, and health conditions is crucial for safe and effective treatment. Patients should always inform their healthcare providers about all medications and supplements they are taking.

Common Drug Interactions

• Probenecid (may increase acyclovir levels in the blood)
• Valacyclovir (another antiviral medication)
• Certain nephrotoxic drugs (may increase the risk of kidney problems)

Can acyclovir be taken with over-the-counter pain relievers? Generally, acyclovir can be safely taken with common pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. However, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist to ensure there are no potential interactions.

Acyclovir Dosage and Administration: Ensuring Optimal Treatment

The correct dosage of acyclovir varies depending on the specific condition being treated, the patient’s age, kidney function, and other factors. Adhering to the prescribed dosage and administration instructions is crucial for the medication’s effectiveness and safety.

Common Dosage Forms

• Oral tablets (200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg)
• Oral capsules (200 mg)
• Oral suspension
• Intravenous solution (for hospital use)

How often should acyclovir be taken? The frequency of dosing depends on the condition being treated. For example, treatment for genital herpes might require taking the medication 2-5 times daily, while prevention might involve once or twice daily dosing. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions.

Tips for Taking Acyclovir

1. Take the medication at evenly spaced intervals as prescribed
2. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and support kidney function
3. Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve
4. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the next scheduled dose

What should you do if you accidentally take too much acyclovir? If you suspect an overdose, contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include confusion, hallucinations, or seizures.

Special Considerations: Acyclovir Use in Specific Populations

Certain groups of patients may require special attention when using acyclovir. Understanding these considerations can help ensure safe and effective treatment for all individuals.

Acyclovir in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Is acyclovir safe during pregnancy? Acyclovir is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, with studies showing no increased risk of birth defects. However, it should only be used when clearly needed, and the potential benefits must outweigh the risks.

Can acyclovir be used while breastfeeding? Small amounts of acyclovir can pass into breast milk, but it is generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding. Consult with a healthcare provider to weigh the benefits and potential risks.

Use in Elderly Patients

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of acyclovir, particularly if they have reduced kidney function. Dose adjustments may be necessary, and careful monitoring for side effects is important.

Pediatric Use

Acyclovir can be used in children, but dosages are typically based on weight. The safety and effectiveness of acyclovir have been established for treating chickenpox in children aged 2 and older, and for cold sores in children aged 12 and older.

Are there any special precautions for giving acyclovir to children? It’s crucial to follow the prescribed dosage carefully and to ensure proper hydration, as children may be more susceptible to dehydration, especially when treating conditions like chickenpox.

Long-term Use of Acyclovir: Benefits and Considerations

For some patients, particularly those with recurrent herpes outbreaks or compromised immune systems, long-term use of acyclovir may be recommended. Understanding the implications of extended use is important for patients and healthcare providers alike.

Benefits of Long-term Acyclovir Use

• Reduction in frequency and severity of herpes outbreaks
• Decreased risk of viral transmission to sexual partners
• Improved quality of life for patients with chronic herpes infections

Does long-term use of acyclovir lead to drug resistance? While resistance to acyclovir can occur, it is relatively uncommon in immunocompetent individuals. However, the risk may be higher in immunocompromised patients.

Monitoring for Long-term Users

Patients on long-term acyclovir therapy should undergo regular monitoring, which may include:

• Periodic blood tests to assess kidney function
• Evaluation of liver function
• Regular check-ups to assess the ongoing need for therapy

How often should patients on long-term acyclovir be monitored? The frequency of monitoring depends on individual factors such as age, overall health, and the presence of other medical conditions. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate schedule for follow-up and testing.

Alternative Treatments and Complementary Approaches

While acyclovir is a highly effective treatment for herpes virus infections, some patients may seek alternative or complementary approaches to manage their condition. It’s important to discuss any alternative treatments with a healthcare provider before incorporating them into a treatment plan.

Potential Alternative Treatments

• Other antiviral medications (e.g., valacyclovir, famciclovir)
• Topical treatments for cold sores
• Dietary supplements (e.g., lysine, zinc)
• Stress reduction techniques

Can natural remedies replace acyclovir for treating herpes infections? While some natural remedies may help alleviate symptoms, they are generally not as effective as acyclovir in treating or preventing herpes outbreaks. It’s crucial to maintain prescribed antiviral therapy unless otherwise directed by a healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Modifications

In addition to medication, certain lifestyle changes can help manage herpes infections:

• Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine to support immune function
• Getting adequate sleep and managing stress
• Avoiding triggers that may precipitate outbreaks (e.g., excessive sun exposure for cold sores)
• Practicing safe sex to reduce transmission risk

How effective are lifestyle modifications in preventing herpes outbreaks? While lifestyle changes can help reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, they are most effective when combined with appropriate medical treatment, such as acyclovir therapy.

In conclusion, acyclovir remains a cornerstone in the treatment of herpes virus infections, offering significant benefits in managing symptoms and preventing outbreaks. However, like all medications, it comes with potential side effects and considerations. Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to ensure safe and effective use of acyclovir, discussing any concerns or side effects promptly. By understanding the medication’s benefits, risks, and proper use, patients can maximize the therapeutic benefits of acyclovir while minimizing potential complications.

Acyclovir Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Nausea, diarrhea, headache, or vomiting may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: dizziness, drowsiness, signs of kidney problems (such as a change in the amount of urine, unusual back/side pain), mental/mood changes (such as agitation, confusion, hallucinations), shaky/unsteady movement, trouble speaking.

This medication may rarely cause a life-threatening disorder that affects the blood cells, kidneys, and other parts of the body. This disorder is more likely to occur if you have conditions related to a weakened immune system (such as HIV disease, bone marrow transplant, kidney transplant). Seek immediate medical attention if any of these rare but serious side effects occur: extreme tiredness, slow/fast/irregular heartbeat, easy bruising/bleeding, new fever, bloody/dark urine, severe stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin, sudden vision changes, loss of consciousness, seizures.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US –

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Common and Rare Side Effects for acyclovir oral

COMMON side effects

If experienced, these tend to have a Severe expression i

Sorry, we have no data available. Please contact your doctor or pharmacist.

If experienced, these tend to have a Less Severe expression i

• a feeling of general discomfort called malaise

INFREQUENT side effects

If experienced, these tend to have a Severe expression i

Sorry, we have no data available. Please contact your doctor or pharmacist.

If experienced, these tend to have a Less Severe expression i

• agitation
• irritation of the stomach or intestines
• hair loss
• muscle pain
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• headache
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• stomach cramps
• a feeling of pins and needles on skin

RARE side effects

If experienced, these tend to have a Severe expression i

• anemia
• decreased blood platelets
• low levels of white blood cells
• mental problems from taking the drug
• confusion
• aggressive behavior
• a type of brain function problem called encephalopathy
• a change in vision
• inflammation of the liver called hepatitis
• kidney failure
• bloody urine
• erythema multiforme, a type of allergic skin reaction
• a skin disorder with blistering and peeling skin called toxic epidermal necrolysis
• a skin disorder with blistering and peeling skin called Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• itching
• hives
• coma
• delirium
• hallucinations
• seizures
• fever
• a skin rash
• fluid retention in the legs, feet, arms or hands
• high amount of bilirubin in the blood
• a type of speech disorder called dysarthria
• swollen lymph nodes
• abnormal liver function tests
• a significant type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis
• a type of allergic reaction called angioedema
• a yellowing of the eyes or skin from buildup of bilirubin called jaundice

If experienced, these tend to have a Less Severe expression i

• increased sensitivity of the skin to the sun
• pain
• muscle tremors
• loss of muscle coordination

Side Effects of Zovirax (Acyclovir), Warnings, Uses

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Acyclovir (Zovirax) – Side Effects, Interactions, Uses, Dosage, Warnings

Use Acyclovir (Zovirax) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed.

Start taking acyclovir as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms (such as tingling, burning, blisters). Start taking Sitavig within 1 hour after you first notice sold core symptoms, before the cold sore appears.

Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.

Do not crush, chew, suck on, or swallow a buccal tablet. Place the flat side of the tablet against your upper gum, on the same side of the mouth as your cold sore. Allow the tablet to dissolve in your mouth throughout the day. You may eat and drink normally while the buccal tablet is in place.

Do not give an acyclovir buccal tablet to a young child or choking could occur.

Shake the oral suspension (liquid) before you measure a dose. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon).

Acyclovir doses are based on weight (especially in children and teenagers). Your dose needs may change if you gain or lose weight.

Drink plenty of water while you are taking acyclovir to keep your kidneys working properly.

Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time, even if your symptoms quickly improve. Skipping doses may increase the risk of your virus becoming resistant to medication.

Lesions caused by herpes viruses should be kept as clean and dry as possible. Wearing loose clothing may help to prevent irritation of the lesions.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Acyclovir: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Acyclovir comes as a tablet, a capsule, and a suspension (liquid) to take by mouth. It also comes as a delayed-release buccal tablet to apply to the upper gum of the mouth. The tablets, capsules, and suspension are usually taken with or without food two to five times a day for 5 to 10 days, starting as soon as possible after your symptoms begin. When acyclovir is used to prevent outbreaks of genital herpes, it is usually taken two to five times a day for up to 12 months. The delayed-release buccal tablet is usually applied with a dry finger as a one-time dose within 1 hour after itching, redness, burning or tingling cold sore symptoms begin but before the cold sore appears. Take or use acyclovir at around the same time(s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take or use acyclovir exactly as directed. Do not take or use more or less of it or take it more often or for a longer time than prescribed by your doctor.

Do not chew, crush, suck, or swallow the delayed-release buccal tablets. Drink plenty of liquids, if you have a dry mouth while using the delayed-release buccal tablets.

To use buccal acyclovir, follow these steps:

1. Find the area on the upper gum above your left and right incisor teeth (the teeth just to the left and right of your two front teeth).
2. With dry hands, remove one delayed-release tablet from the container.
3. Gently apply the tablet to the upper gum area as high as it will go on your gum above one of your incisor teeth on the side of your mouth with the cold sore. Do not apply it to the inside of the lip or cheek.
4. Hold the tablet in place for 30 seconds.
5. If the tablet does not stick to your gum or if it sticks to your cheek or the inside of your lip, reposition it to stick to your gum. Leave the tablet in place until it dissolves.
6. Do not interfere with the placement of the tablet. Check to see if the tablet is still in place after eating, drinking, or rinsing your mouth.

If the delayed-release buccal tablet comes off within the first 6 hours of application, reapply the same tablet. If it still will not stick, then apply a new tablet. If you accidentally swallow the tablet within the first 6 hours of application, drink a glass of water and place a new tablet on your gum. If the tablet falls off or is swallowed 6 or more hours after application, do not apply a new tablet until your next regular time.

Avoid the following while you are using acyclovir buccal delayed-release tablet:

• Do not chew gum, touch, or press the buccal tablet after it has been applied.
• Do not wear upper dentures.
• Do not brush your teeth until it dissolves. If your teeth need to be cleaned while the tablet is in place, rinse the mouth gently.

Shake the suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly.

Your symptoms should improve during your treatment with acyclovir. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse.

Take or use acyclovir until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. If you stop taking acyclovir too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated or may become more difficult to treat. The delayed-release buccal tablet is applied as a one-time dose.

Aciclovir: a medicine used to treat cold sores, herpes and other viral infections

It’s important to start taking (or using) this medicine as soon as you get the first signs of infection.

A cold sore usually starts with a tingling, itching or burning feeling.

Aciclovir tablets and liquid

Doses will vary, depending on why you’re taking aciclovir. Your doctor will tell you how much to take and how often.

A single dose is generally between 200mg and 800mg, and may be lower for children.

You’ll usually take aciclovir 2 to 5 times a day. Try to space the doses evenly throughout the day.

If you take aciclovir:

• 4 times a day – you could take it first thing in the morning, at midday, in the late afternoon and at bedtime
• 5 times a day – for example, you could take it at 7am, 11am, 3pm, 7pm and 11pm

You can take aciclovir with or without food. Drink plenty of water while taking this medicine to help keep your kidneys working well.

Keep taking the medicine until it’s all finished or until your doctor or pharmacist tells you to stop taking it.

For treating a viral infection, you’ll usually take aciclovir for 5 to 10 days. For prevention, you may need to take it for a long time.

Tablets: swallow the tablets whole with some water. If you find tablets difficult to swallow, you can dissolve them in water. Add a tablet to a small glass of water and stir. Drink all the liquid to make sure you get the full dose.

Liquid: use the measuring spoon or plastic syringe that came with your medicine. If you do not have a measuring spoon or syringe, ask your pharmacist for one. Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as you will not get the right amount of medicine.

Cream for cold sores

Wash your hands before and after using the cream.

Put a thin layer of cream on the cold sore 5 times a day. Do this every 4 hours – for example, at 7am, 11am, 3pm, 7pm and 11pm.

Do not put aciclovir cream in your mouth, eyes or vagina.

Use the cream for at least 4 days. If the cold sore has not healed by then, you can carry on using the cream for another 6 days.

If the sore still has not healed after a total of 10 days, stop using the cream and tell your doctor.

Cream for genital herpes

Wash your hands before and after using the cream.

Put a thin layer of cream on the affected area 5 times a day. Do this every 4 hours – for example, at 7am, 11am, 3pm, 7pm and 11pm.

Use the cream for at least 5 days. If the genital herpes sore has not healed by then, you can carry on using the cream for another 5 days.

If the affected area has still not healed after a total of 10 days, stop using the cream and tell your doctor.

What if I forget a dose of aciclovir?

If you forget a dose of aciclovir, take it (or use the cream) as soon as you remember, unless it’s nearly time for your next dose. In this case, just skip the missed dose and continue with your next one as normal.

Never have 2 doses at the same time. Never have an extra dose to make up for a forgotten one.

If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you.

You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to remember your medicines.

What if I take or use too much?

Taking too much aciclovir by accident is unlikely to harm you, unless you take too much over several days.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you’re worried that you have had too much aciclovir.

Acyclovir oral suspension

What is this medicine?

ACYCLOVIR (ay SYE kloe veer) is an antiviral medicine. It is used to treat or prevent infections caused by certain kinds of viruses. Examples of these infections include herpes and shingles. This medicine will not cure herpes.

This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Zovirax

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:

• kidney disease
• an unusual or allergic reaction to acyclovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Shake well before using. Use a specially marked spoon or cup to measure each dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoons are not accurate. You can take this medicine with or without food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Bottles of suspension may contain more liquid than you need to take. Follow your doctors instructions about how much to take and for how many days to take it. Do not take more medicine than directed. But, finish all the medicine that is prescribed even if you think you are better. Do not skip doses or stop your medicine early.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for children as young as 2 years old for selected conditions, precautions do apply.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.

NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

What may interact with this medicine?

Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:

This medicine may also interact with the following medications:

• adefovir
• amphotericin B
• certain antibiotics like amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, vancomycin
• cimetidine
• cisplatin
• colistin
• cyclosporine
• foscarnet
• lithium
• methotrexate
• probenecid
• tacrolimus

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Tell your doctor or health care professional if your symptoms do not improve. This medicine works best when started very early in the course of an infection. Begin treatment at the first signs of infection.

Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water or fluids every day while you are taking this medicine. This will help prevent side effects.

You can still pass chickenpox, shingles, or herpes to another person even while you are taking this medicine. Avoid contact with others as durected. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease. Talk to your doctor about how to prevent giving your sexual partner the infection.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:

• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• chest pain
• confusion, hallucinations, tremor
• dark urine
• increased sensitivity to the sun
• redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth
• seizures
• trouble passing urine or change in the amount of urine
• unusual bleeding or bruising, or pinpoint red spots on the skin
• unusually weak or tired
• yellowing of the eyes or skin

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

• diarrhea
• fever
• headache
• nausea, vomiting
• stomach upset

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store at room temperature between 15 and 25 degrees C (59 and 77 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

NOTE: This sheet is a summary. It may not cover all possible information. If you have questions about this medicine, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider.

Acyclovir instructions for use: indications, contraindications, side effects – description Aciclovir tab. 200 mg: 20 pcs. (29945)

Acyclovir is taken during or immediately after a meal and washed down with a sufficient amount of water. The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the severity of the disease.

Treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2

Adults

Acyclovir is prescribed 200 mg 5 times / day for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and with 8- hourly intervals for the night.In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended according to the doctor’s prescription for up to 10 days. As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, incl. with a detailed clinical picture of HIV infection, including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS; after bone marrow transplantation or in case of impaired absorption from the intestine, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times / day.

Treatment should be started as early as possible after the onset of infection; in case of relapses, acyclovir is prescribed in the prodromal period or when the first elements of the rash appear.

Prevention of recurrence of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in patients with normal immune status

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times / day (every 6 hours) or 400 mg 2 times / day (every 12 h). In some cases, lower doses are effective – 200 mg 3 times / day (every 8 hours) or 2 times / day (every 12 hours).

Prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in immunocompromised patients .

The recommended dose is 200 mg 4 times / day (every 6 hours). In the case of severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in case of impaired absorption from the intestine, the dose is increased to 400 mg 5 times / day. The duration of the preventive course of therapy is determined by the duration of the period of existence of the risk of infection.

Treatment infections caused by the Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

Adults

Prescribe 800 mg 5 times / day every 4 hours during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night.The duration of the course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Children

Prescribe 20 mg / kg 4 times / day for 5 days (maximum single dose 800 mg), children from 3 to 6 years old : 400 mg 4 times / day, older 6 years : 800 mg 4 times / day for 5 days.

Treatment should be initiated at the earliest signs or symptoms of chickenpox.

Treatment of infections caused by the Herpes zoster virus (shingles)

Adults

Prescribe 800 mg 4 times / day every 6 hours for 5 days. Children over the age of 3 years are prescribed the drug in the same dose as for adults.

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpessimplex 1 and 2 types , pediatric patients with immunodeficiency and normal immune status .

Children from 3 years old to 6 years old – 400 mg once a day; over 6 years old – 800 mg 4 times / day. A more accurate dose is determined at the rate of 20 mg / kg of body weight, but not more than 800 mg times / day. The course of treatment is 5 days.There are no data on the prevention of recurrence of herpes simplex virus infections and the treatment of herpes zoster in children with normal immunity indicators.

For the treatment of children over 3 years old is prescribed 800 mg of acyclovir 4 times / day every 6 hours (as for the treatment of adults with immunodeficiency ).

In old age there is a decrease in acyclovir clearance in the body in parallel with a decrease in creatinine clearance. taking large doses of the drug inside, should receive a sufficient amount of liquid.In case of renal failure, it is necessary to resolve the issue of reducing the dose of the drug.

Care must be taken when prescribing acyclovir to patients with renal insufficiency . In such patients, taking the drug orally in the recommended doses for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the herpes simplex virus does not lead to the accumulation of the drug to concentrations exceeding the established safe levels. However, in patients with severe renal failure (CC less than 10 ml / min) , the dose of acyclovir should be reduced to 200 mg 2 times / day at 12-hour intervals.

For treatment of infections caused by the virus Varicella zoster, Herpes zoster , as well as for the treatment of patients with severe immunodeficiency , the recommended doses are:

• end-stage renal failure (CC less than 10 ml / min) – 800 mg each 2 times / day every 12 hours;
• severe renal failure (CC 10-25 ml / min) – 800 mg 3 times / day every 8 hours

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

This document, provided by Lexicomp ^® , contains all the information you need to know about the drug, including the indications, route of administration, side effects and when you should contact your healthcare provider.

Trade names: USA

Valtrex

Trade names: Canada

APO-Valacyclovir; Auro-Valacyclovir; BIO-Valacyclovir; CO Valacyclovir [DSC]; DOM-Valacyclovir; JAMP Valacyclovir; JAMP-Valacyclovir; Mar-Valacyclovir [DSC]; MYLAN-Valacyclovir; PMS-Valacyclovir; Priva-Valacyclovir; PRO-Valacyclovir; RIVA-Valacyclovir; SANDOZ Valacyclovir; TEVA-Valacyclovir; Valtrex

What is this drug used for?

• This medication is used to treat herpes infections.
• Used to treat shingles.
• It is used to treat herpes of the lips.
• This medication is used to treat chickenpox.
• This medicinal product may be used for other indications. Consult your doctor.

What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE taking this drug?

• If you are allergic to this drug, any of its ingredients, other drugs, foods or substances.Tell your doctor about your allergy and how it manifested itself.

Combination of this drug with certain medications and medical conditions may be adverse.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all medicines you take (both prescription and over-the-counter, natural products and vitamins) and your health problems. You need to make sure that this drug is safe for your medical condition and in combination with other drugs you are already taking.Do not start or stop taking any drug or change the dosage without your doctor’s approval.

What do I need to know or do while I am taking this drug?

• Tell all healthcare providers that you are taking this drug. These are doctors, nurses, pharmacists and dentists.
• Do not use this drug for longer than your doctor prescribed.
• If you are using this drug to treat a cold sore on your lips, it will not treat the sore.Consult your doctor.
• This drug will not cure herpes infections. Consult your doctor.
• If you have genital herpes, this drug will not prevent it from spreading. Any sexual intercourse should be avoided in the presence of ulceration or other signs of genital herpes. Genital herpes can be transmitted even if there are no signs of infection. Do not have sexual intercourse without using a latex or polyurethane condom.Please consult your doctor.
• If you are 65 years of age or older, use this drug with caution. You may have more side effects.
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. The benefits and risks for you and your child will need to be discussed.

What side effects should I report to my doctor immediately?

WARNING. In rare cases, some people with this drug can cause serious and sometimes deadly side effects.Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms, which may be associated with serious side effects:

• Signs of an allergic reaction such as rash, hives, itching, reddened and swollen skin with blistering or scaling, possibly associated with fever, wheezing or wheezing, tightness in the chest or throat, difficulty breathing, swallowing or speaking, unusual hoarseness, swelling in the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Signs of kidney problems, including not urinating, change in urine volume, blood in the urine, or rapid weight gain.
• Confusion of consciousness.
• Changes in behavior.
• Mood swings.
• Hallucinations (a person sees or hears something that is not in reality).
• Difficulty speaking.
• Wobbly gait, difficulty walking, or muscle stiffness.
• Convulsions.
• Some people have a very serious and sometimes fatal blood disorder such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura / hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP / HUS) with this drug.If you feel severe fatigue or weakness, bruising or bleeding, dark urine or yellow skin or eyes, pallor of the skin, changes in the amount of urine excreted, visual impairment, changes in muscle strength on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or thinking, problems with balance or high body temperature, consult a doctor immediately.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

Any medicine can have side effects.However, many people have little or no side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if these or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

• Headache.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Pain in the intestines.
• Feeling tired or weak.
• Menstrual pain.

This list of potential side effects is not comprehensive. If you have any questions about side effects, please contact your doctor.Talk to your doctor about side effects.

You can report side effects to the National Health Office.

You can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You can also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

What is the best way to take this drug?

Use this drug as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Read all the information provided to you.Follow all instructions strictly.

• Take this drug with or without food.
• Drink plenty of decaffeinated fluids, unless your doctor tells you to drink less fluids.
• For colds, chickenpox, or genital herpes, start this drug as soon as possible when you start showing signs of illness. This drug may not work if you start taking it too late.
• Continue taking this drug as directed by your doctor or other healthcare professional, even if you feel well.
• If you are unable to swallow the tablets, a liquid form (suspension) may be made. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Liquid (suspension):

• Shake the solution (suspension) well before use.
• Care should be taken to measure liquid doses.Use the dispenser that comes with the medicine. If a dispenser is not included in the package, ask your pharmacist for a dosing product for this drug.

What to do if a dose of a drug is missed?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you can.
• If it is time for your next dose, do not take the missed dose and then return to your normal dose.
• Do not take 2 doses at the same time or an additional dose.

How do I store and / or discard this drug?

Pills:

• Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in the bathroom.

Liquid (suspension):

• In case of dissolution (suspension) of the tablets of the drug, the solution (suspension) should be stored in the refrigerator. Do not freeze. Throw away any unused portions after 28 days.

All forms of issue:

• Store all medicines in a safe place.Keep all medicines out of the reach of children and pets.
• Dispose of unused or expired drugs. Do not empty into toilet or drain unless directed to do so. If you have any questions about the disposal of your medicinal products, consult your pharmacist. Your area may have drug recycling programs.

General information about medicines

• If your health does not improve or even worsens, see your doctor.
• Do not give your medicine to anyone or take other people’s medicines.
• Some medicines may come with other patient information sheets. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional.
• Some medicines may come with other patient information sheets. Check with your pharmacist. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional.
• If you think an overdose has occurred, call a Poison Control Center immediately or seek medical attention. Be prepared to tell or show which drug you took, how much and when it happened.

Use of information by the consumer and limitation of liability

This information should not be used to make decisions about taking this or any other drug. Only the attending physician has the necessary knowledge and experience to make decisions about which drugs are appropriate for a particular patient.This information does not guarantee that the drug is safe, effective, or approved for the treatment of any disease or specific patient. Here are only brief general information about this drug. It does NOT contain all available information on the possible use of the drug with instructions for use, warnings, precautions, information about interactions, side effects and risks that may be associated with this drug. This information should not be construed as a guide to treatment and does not replace the information provided to you by your healthcare professional.Check with your doctor for complete information on the possible risks and benefits of taking this drug. Use of this information is governed by the Lexicomp End User License Agreement available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lexicomp/about/eula.

Copyright

© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and / or licensors, 2021. All rights reserved.

90,000 100 reviews, instructions for use

Application during pregnancy and lactation

The use of acyclovir during pregnancy is possible in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

The intravenous use of acyclovir during lactation is contraindicated (excreted in breast milk).

Experimental studies on animals have shown that acyclovir crosses the placental barrier.

Application for impaired renal function

Not recommended for severe impaired renal function.

In case of renal failure, correction of the dosage regimen is necessary.

It should be borne in mind that with the use of acyclovir, acute renal failure may develop due to the formation of a precipitate from acyclovir crystals, which is especially likely with rapid intravenous administration, the simultaneous use of nephrotoxic drugs, in patients with impaired renal function and with insufficient water load.

When using acyclovir, it is necessary to monitor renal function (determination of the level of urea nitrogen in the blood and creatinine in the blood plasma).

Use in children

Orally for children over 2 years old – 200-400 mg 3-5 times / day, if necessary – 20 mg / kg (up to 800 mg per dose) 4 times / day. In children under the age of 2 years, it is used in a dose equal to half the dose for adults. The duration of treatment is 5-10 days.

Specific instructions

Not recommended for severe renal impairment.

It should be borne in mind that with the use of acyclovir, acute renal failure may develop due to the formation of a precipitate from acyclovir crystals, which is especially likely with rapid intravenous administration, the simultaneous use of nephrotoxic drugs, in patients with impaired renal function and with insufficient water load.

When using acyclovir, it is necessary to monitor renal function (determination of the level of urea nitrogen in the blood and creatinine in the blood plasma).

Treatment of elderly patients should be carried out with a sufficient increase in water load and under the supervision of a doctor, i.e.because in this category of patients, T _1/2 acyclovir increases.

When treating genital herpes, avoid intercourse or use condoms. the use of acyclovir does not prevent transmission of the virus to partners.

Acyclovir in the form of dosage forms for external use should not be applied to the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, eyes, vagina.

Comparison of valacyclovir with acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster virus eye damage in persons with generally normal immune systems

What is the purpose of this review?

The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out if valacyclovir is better than acyclovir in treating a painful and itchy rash that is caused by varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster virus affecting the eyes).To answer this question, Cochrane researchers collected and analyzed all the relevant studies available on the topic and found one study.

Key findings

There is uncertainty about the evidence for the superiority or disadvantages of valacyclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster with ocular involvement

What was learned in this survey?

Herpes zoster with eye involvement presents with a painful and itchy rash that usually appears on one side of the forehead.If the rash reaches the eye area, it can impair vision. This is due to the fact that a viral infection affects the anterior segment of the eye. Shingles (herpes zoster) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which remains in the human body for many years after the initial infection in the form of chickenpox (after having suffered chickenpox) and can be reactivated. Doctors can treat herpes zoster with ocular involvement with acyclovir. It is an antiviral that kills the varicella-zoster virus.Valacyclovir is a modified version of acyclovir that can be taken less frequently than acyclovir because it is better absorbed by the body.

What are the main findings of this review?

The reviewers found one relevant study from France. The study compared valacyclovir 1000 mg 3 times daily for a week (7 days) versus 800 mg acyclovir 5 times daily also for 7 days. The company that manufactures valacyclovir (Glaxo) funded this study.

The reviewers are not convinced that valacyclovir provides any additional benefit in the treatment of herpes zoster with ocular involvement compared with acyclovir.