What causes diaper rash in babies. How can parents treat diaper rash at home. When should you call a doctor for diaper rash. What are the best prevention methods for diaper rash. How does diet affect diaper rash in infants. Can diaper rash be a sign of allergies. What role does yeast play in diaper rash.

Understanding the Causes of Diaper Rash

Diaper rash is a common issue that affects many babies, with at least half of all infants experiencing it at some point. But what exactly causes this uncomfortable condition? The primary culprits are wetness and friction. When a baby’s skin is exposed to urine and stool for extended periods, it can become irritated and inflamed. Additionally, the constant rubbing of the diaper against the baby’s delicate skin can lead to chafing and further irritation.

Changes in skin pH due to urine, feces, or certain skincare products can also contribute to diaper rash. Soaps, while effective at cleaning, can break down the skin’s protective barrier over time, making it more susceptible to irritation. In rare cases, babies may develop an allergic reaction to specific ingredients in diapers, wipes, or skincare products.

Age and Diet Factors in Diaper Rash

While diaper rash can occur at any age, it is most prevalent in babies between 9 and 12 months old. This increased likelihood often coincides with significant milestones in a baby’s development:

• Introduction of solid foods
• Sleeping through the night (resulting in fewer diaper changes)
• Experiencing colds or diarrhea
• Taking antibiotics

Identifying and Assessing Diaper Rash Severity

Diaper rash can vary in severity, ranging from mild to severe. Recognizing the signs and symptoms is crucial for effective treatment. In mild cases, you may notice small pink or red spots or patches on your baby’s skin. More severe cases present with brighter red spots, and the skin may appear cracked, broken, or blistered. The rash can spread to the legs or abdomen, and your baby may show signs of discomfort or distress.

It’s important to note that early intervention is key to managing diaper rash effectively. The sooner you begin treatment, the quicker your baby will find relief and the less likely the rash is to worsen or spread.

Effective Home Treatments for Diaper Rash

When it comes to treating diaper rash at home, there are several proven strategies that can help soothe your baby’s skin and promote healing. These methods not only address existing rashes but can also help prevent future occurrences.

The Power of “Naked Time”

One of the most effective treatments for diaper rash is simply allowing your baby’s skin to breathe. Giving your infant some “naked time” without a diaper can significantly speed up the healing process. This approach reduces moisture and friction, two primary contributors to diaper rash.

To implement this strategy, consider purchasing disposable waterproof pads (often called “chux”) and allowing your baby to play diaper-free on these pads. Alternatively, you can remove the diaper during nap times. The more time your baby spends without a diaper, the better, especially in severe cases of diaper rash.

Frequent Diaper Changes

Changing diapers more frequently is a simple yet effective way to prevent and treat diaper rash. By not allowing your baby to sit in a wet or soiled diaper for extended periods, you reduce skin exposure to irritants. This practice is particularly important in preventing yeast infections, as yeast thrives in warm, moist environments.

The Importance of Barrier Creams

Barrier creams play a crucial role in protecting your baby’s skin from urine and stool. Zinc oxide creams and petroleum jelly ointments are excellent options for both treatment and prevention of diaper rash. When applying these creams, remember that more is often better, especially when treating an existing rash. Apply a thick layer, similar to frosting on a cake, to create an effective barrier.

Gentle Cleaning Techniques

When cleaning your baby during diaper changes, it’s essential to be gentle to avoid further irritation. Instead of scrubbing or rubbing, gently pat the skin with a soft washcloth dampened with warm water. For a more thorough clean, you can briefly dip your baby in a warm bath. After cleaning, pat the skin dry with a towel rather than rubbing.

In many cases, warm water is sufficient for cleaning urine and feces. If you need additional cleansing power, opt for a non-soap cleanser, as most baby washes fall into this category. If using baby wipes, choose varieties free from dyes, fragrances, and alcohol to minimize potential irritation.

Choosing the Right Diaper for Rash Prevention and Treatment

The type and fit of your baby’s diaper can significantly impact the occurrence and severity of diaper rash. Here are some important considerations:

Disposable vs. Cloth Diapers

If your baby typically wears cloth diapers and develops a rash, consider temporarily switching to super-absorbent disposable diapers until the rash heals. Disposable diapers are generally more effective at keeping your baby’s skin dry, which is crucial for rash prevention and treatment.

Proper Diaper Fit

Ensuring the diaper fits correctly is essential for preventing rash. A diaper that’s too large can rub back and forth on your baby’s bottom, causing friction and irritation. Conversely, a diaper that’s too small can trap moisture and bring urine and feces too close to the skin. Regularly check and adjust your baby’s diaper size as they grow to maintain a proper fit.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Diaper Rash

While most mild cases of diaper rash can be effectively treated at home, there are situations where medical intervention may be necessary. It’s important to monitor your baby’s condition and be aware of signs that indicate a need for professional care.

Signs of Improvement and Healing

Typically, with proper home care, a diaper rash should start showing signs of improvement within a few days. However, complete healing may take up to a few weeks. If you’re following the recommended treatment methods and not seeing any improvement after several days, or if the rash worsens, it’s time to consult your pediatrician.

Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention

There are several symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention:

• Fever (over 100.4°F or 38°C) accompanying the rash
• Presence of bruises, bleeding, or open sores in the affected area
• Signs of severe pain or discomfort in your baby
• Unexplained weight loss or general illness in conjunction with the rash

In some cases, a persistent or severe diaper rash might indicate a fungal infection. Your pediatrician may prescribe an antifungal medication or a mild steroid cream to address these more complex cases.

The Role of Diet in Diaper Rash Prevention and Management

Diet plays a significant role in diaper rash occurrence and severity, particularly as babies transition to solid foods. Understanding this connection can help parents make informed decisions about their baby’s diet to minimize the risk of diaper rash.

Solid Food Introduction and Diaper Rash

The introduction of solid foods often coincides with an increase in diaper rash incidents. This is because new foods can change the composition and frequency of your baby’s stools, potentially leading to more irritation. Some foods may cause looser stools or increase stool acidity, both of which can contribute to diaper rash.

Foods That May Exacerbate Diaper Rash

While every baby is different, some foods are more commonly associated with diaper rash:

1. Citrus fruits and juices
2. Tomatoes and tomato-based products
3. Strawberries
4. Spicy foods
5. Foods high in sugar

If you notice a correlation between certain foods and diaper rash occurrences, consider temporarily removing these items from your baby’s diet and gradually reintroducing them later.

Breastfeeding and Diaper Rash

For breastfed babies, a mother’s diet can indirectly affect diaper rash occurrence. Some babies may be sensitive to certain foods that pass through breast milk. If you’re breastfeeding and your baby frequently experiences diaper rash, consider keeping a food diary to identify potential triggers in your diet.

Understanding and Treating Yeast-Related Diaper Rash

Yeast infections can sometimes complicate diaper rash, leading to more persistent and severe symptoms. Understanding the role of yeast in diaper rash can help parents identify and address this issue more effectively.

Identifying Yeast-Related Diaper Rash

Yeast-related diaper rash often looks different from typical irritant diaper rash. Signs that may indicate a yeast infection include:

• A bright red rash with clearly defined borders
• Small red spots or pimples surrounding the main rash (satellite lesions)
• Rash that doesn’t improve with typical diaper rash treatments
• Rash that persists for more than a few days despite proper care

Treating Yeast-Related Diaper Rash

If you suspect your baby has a yeast-related diaper rash, it’s important to consult your pediatrician. They may recommend an over-the-counter or prescription antifungal cream. In addition to medication, the following steps can help manage yeast-related diaper rash:

1. Keep the diaper area clean and dry
2. Change diapers frequently, especially after bowel movements
3. Allow for plenty of diaper-free time to keep the area dry
4. Use a barrier cream containing zinc oxide to protect the skin
5. Consider using disposable diapers until the rash clears

Remember, preventing moisture buildup is crucial in managing yeast-related diaper rash, as yeast thrives in warm, damp environments.

Allergic Reactions and Diaper Rash: What Parents Need to Know

While less common, allergic reactions can sometimes be mistaken for or contribute to diaper rash. Understanding the potential for allergies can help parents identify and address these issues more effectively.

Common Allergens in Diaper Care Products

Several components of diaper care products can potentially cause allergic reactions in sensitive babies:

• Fragrances in diapers, wipes, or creams
• Dyes used in diapers
• Certain preservatives in skincare products
• Latex in some diaper brands
• Specific ingredients in diaper creams or ointments

Identifying Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions may present differently from typical diaper rash. Signs that might indicate an allergy include:

1. Rash that extends beyond the diaper area
2. Sudden onset of severe rash without prior irritation
3. Rash that doesn’t respond to typical diaper rash treatments
4. Presence of hives or welts
5. Accompanying symptoms like fussiness or difficulty sleeping

Managing Suspected Allergic Reactions

If you suspect your baby may be experiencing an allergic reaction, consider these steps:

1. Switch to hypoallergenic diapers and wipes
2. Use fragrance-free, dye-free products
3. Consult your pediatrician for appropriate allergy testing
4. Keep a diary of products used and symptoms observed
5. Gradually reintroduce products one at a time to identify the allergen

Remember, if you notice any signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face or throat, seek immediate medical attention.

How to Heal Your Baby’s Diaper Rash

Everything you need to know to treat—and prevent—that dreaded diaper rash

By Katie Sweeney
 

Special thanks to Michael Cosimini, MD, for contributing to this article.

If your child is in diapers, at some point you will probably deal with a diaper rash. At least half of all babies develop diaper rash.

But while diaper rash is a common problem, there is plenty you can do to help your baby. With a few simple steps, you can soothe that skin, speed healing—and help prevent another rash in the future.

What causes diaper rash?

The two biggest causes are wetness and friction. Basically, urine and stool from the diaper can irritate your baby’s skin over time. Diapers can also chafe or rub against your baby’s bottom, creating friction.

Changes in the pH of the skin from pee, poop or some skin products can cause rash.

In addition, soaps can break down skin over time, just as they break down germs and dirt. And, rarely, babies can be allergic to a specific ingredient in a diaper, wipe or soap.

While diaper rash can occur at any age, it is most common in babies 9 to 12 months old. It is also more likely to happen when your baby:

• Starts eating solid foods
• Begins sleeping through the night (with fewer diaper changes)
• Has a cold or diarrhea
• Is taking antibiotics

Tips for treating diaper rash

A diaper rash can range from mild to severe. With a mild rash, you might see small pink or red spots or patches. In more severe cases, the spots will be brighter red, or the skin may be cracked, broken or blistered. The rash may spread down to the legs or up the abdomen, and your baby may be crying or in distress.

The sooner you start treating the rash, the better. Below are some time-tested tips to help that diaper rash disappear. These same tips can also help prevent future rashes, or at least make them less frequent and less severe.

• Ditch the diaper. Giving your baby some “naked time” out of diapers can help speed the healing process. Basically, this allows babies to stay dry and avoid friction, so their skin can breathe.

  One idea is to buy disposable waterproof pads (sometimes called “chux”) and let the baby play on that pad without a diaper. Or, remove the diaper when your baby is sleeping. The more time with the diaper off, the better, especially in severe cases.

• Change diapers more often. Don’t let your baby sit long in a wet or soiled diaper. Changing diapers frequently is a good way to prevent diaper rash or decrease its severity. Yeast loves to grow in warm wet areas so keeping the area dry can prevent rash from these infections.

• Use a barrier cream—and use a lot of it. A barrier cream protects your baby’s skin from urine and stool. A zinc oxide cream or a petroleum jelly ointment are good options. You can also use these creams to try to prevent a rash in the first place.

  The key? When the baby has a rash, apply a very thick layer of it—like icing on a cake. Many parents under-apply these creams.

• Be gentle when you clean. You want to reduce the friction on your baby’s bottom, so don’t scrub or rub your baby clean. Gently pat the skin with a soft washcloth in warm water, or dip the baby briefly in a bath. Pat dry with a towel—don’t rub.

  Warm water is often enough to clean pee and poop. Soaps can be hard on babies’ skin; if warm water is not enough, use a non-soap cleanser (most “baby washes” fall into this category). If you use baby wipes, choose ones that are free of dyes, scents and alcohol.

• Switch to disposable diapers. If your baby is currently in cloth diapers, it’s a good idea to switch to super-absorbent disposable diapers until the rash is healed. This will help keep your baby’s skin as dry as possible.

• Check the size. Make sure the diaper fits. A diaper that is too big can rub back and forth on your baby’s bottom. If it’s too small, it traps in moisture and brings the pee and poop too close to the skin.

When to call the doctor

Most mild diaper rashes can be treated at home. It might take a few weeks for the rash to completely go away. But it should start to improve after just a few days of following the above tips.

If your child’s rash is severe or does not improve after several days or gets worse, call your doctor. A fungal infection might be involved. Your child’s doctor might give you a fungal medicine or a mild steroid cream.

You should also call the doctor if your child:

• Has a fever (over 100.4) with the rash
• Has bruises, bleeding or open sores in the area
• Is in a lot of pain or discomfort
• Is losing weight or seems sick

Diaper rash is a normal part of babyhood, but your baby doesn’t have to suffer. Watch for rashes so you can treat them early. And if you have any concerns, call your doctor.

Check out more Health and Safety Tips

miconazole and zinc oxide topical

What is the most important information I should know about miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

This medicine should not be used to prevent diaper rash.

What is miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

Miconazole and zinc oxide topical (for the skin) is a combination antifungal medicine that fights infections caused by fungus.

The ointment form is used to treat diaper rash with yeast infection (candidiasis) in children and babies who are at least 4 weeks old. Miconazole and zinc oxide topical ointment is for use only on diaper rash that has been diagnosed by a doctor.

The spray form is used to treat fungal infections of the skin, such as athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), or ringworm (tinea corporis). Miconazole and zinc oxide topical spray is for use by adults and children who are at least 2 years old.

Miconazole and zinc oxide topical should not be used to prevent diaper rash in either children or incontinent adults.

Miconazole and zinc oxide topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to miconazole, zinc, dimethicone, mineral oil, petroleum, or lanolin.

Do not use the ointment form of this medicine on a child younger than 4 weeks old.

Ask a doctor before using the topical spray on a child younger than 2 years old.

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:

• a weak immune system caused by disease or by using certain medicines.

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

How should I use miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Your doctor may perform lab tests to make sure you have the type of infection that this medicine can treat effectively.

Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.

Clean and dry the affected area before applying this medicine. You may use a mild soap.

Use the ointment for 1 week, each time you change a diaper. This medicine will not be effective without frequent diaper changes.

Change your child’s diapers as soon as they become wet or soiled. Keep the diaper area clean and dry.

Do not use miconazole and zinc oxide topical to prevent diaper rash or you may increase your child’s risk of infection that is resistant to treatment. Miconazole and zinc oxide topical ointment is not for use on general diaper rash without a related yeast infection.

Allow the spray to dry completely before you dress. There is no need to rub in the medicine.

Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time, even if your symptoms quickly improve. Skipping doses can increase your risk of infection that is resistant to medication.

Do not share this medicine with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have.

Stop using the medicine and call your doctor if symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse. Diaper rash should start to improve within 1 week of use. Jock itch should improve within 2 weeks, and athlete’s foot should improve within 4 weeks. For best results, use this medicine as directed and follow all instructions for keeping the treatment area clean and dry.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the tube or bottle tightly capped when not in use.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since miconazole and zinc oxide topical ointment is used with each diaper change, you are not likely to miss a dose.

If you are using the spray on a schedule, use the medicine as soon as you can. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not use two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

An overdose of miconazole and zinc oxide topical is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medication.

What should I avoid while using miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

Avoid covering treated skin areas with tight-fitting, synthetic clothing (such as nylon or polyester clothing, or plastic pants) that does not allow air to circulate to your skin. If you are treating your feet, wear clean cotton socks and sandals or shoes that allow for air circulation. Keep your feet as dry as possible.

Rinse with water if this medicine gets in your eyes.

Avoid using scented or perfumed soaps or lotions to clean the diaper area.

Avoid getting this medication in the mouth or vagina.

What are the possible side effects of miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have:

• severe discomfort, redness, or other irritation of treated skin areas.

Less serious side effects may be more likely, and you may have none at all.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect miconazole and zinc oxide topical?

Medicine used on the skin is not likely to be affected by other drugs you use. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all medicines you use, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about miconazole and zinc oxide topical.

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2021 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.01. Revision date: 10/16/2018.

Diaper Dermatitis | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is diaper dermatitis?

Diaper dermatitis is inflammation of the skin in the diaper area. It’s a very common condition in babies and toddlers.

What causes diaper dermatitis?

In most cases, diaper dermatitis is a type of contact dermatitis. That means the skin is inflamed from contact with certain substances. In diaper dermatitis, urine and feces irritate the skin. 

Other common causes of diaper dermatitis include:

• Candida. This is a yeast infection in the diaper area. Candida infection may occur if contact dermatitis is not treated within a few days.
• Seborrhea. This is a common, long-term skin condition. The cause of seborrhea is not known. It usually affects the diaper area and other parts of the body.

Other less common causes of dermatitis in the diaper area include:

• Bacteria. Staph or strep bacteria can cause it.
• Allergies. It can be caused by an allergic reaction to dye in disposable diapers, or detergent used to wash cloth diapers.

Which children are at risk for diaper dermatitis?

Any baby or toddler can develop diaper dermatitis. Things that increase the risk include:

• You don’t change your child’s diapers often enough
• Your child has diarrhea or frequent bowel movements
• Your child is taking antibiotic medicines. Or you are taking antibiotics and you are breastfeeding.

What are the symptoms of diaper dermatitis?

The symptoms of diaper dermatitis vary depending on the cause. And symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. They can include:

• Contact diaper dermatitis. Skin that is irritated from urine and feces will look red and shiny. The skin on the buttocks, thighs, belly (abdomen), and waist may be affected. The skin creases or folds are usually not affected.
• Candida diaper dermatitis. The skin is a deep red color with patches outside of the diaper area. A baby may also have a yeast infection in the mouth (thrush). The creases or folds of the thighs and in the diaper area are usually affected. 
• Seborrheic diaper dermatitis. The skin is red with yellow, oily patches.Italso affects the skin folds. It also usually affects the face, scalp, or neck at the same time.

The symptoms of diaper dermatitis can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is diaper dermatitis diagnosed?

The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms and health history. He or she will give your child a physical exam. Your child’s healthcare provider may advise lab tests, but they are usually not needed.

How is diaper dermatitis treated?

Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on the cause, and how severe the condition is. Treatment may include:

• Periods of time without wearing diapers
• Frequent diaper changes
• Ointment put on the diaper area to protect the skin
• Antifungal cream or ointment for a Candida infection
• Corticosteroid cream for more severe dermatitis
• Antibiotic medicine for a bacterial infection

What can I do to help prevent diaper dermatitis in my child?

Proper skin care is very important to prevent diaper dermatitis. This includes:

• Keeping the skin under a diaper clean and dry
• Changing diapers often
• Letting the skin under a diaper to air dry at times
• Letting your child to go without a diaper when possible
• Gently cleaning the diaper area with a soft cloth and warm water
• Limiting the use of soap or other strong products on the skin
• Not using scented wipes or wipes with alcohol

When should I call my child’s healthcare provider?

Call the healthcare provider if your child has:

• Symptoms that don’t get better in 2 to 3 days
• Symptoms that get worse
• Blisters or pus-filled sores

Key points about diaper dermatitis

• Diaper dermatitis is inflammation of the skin under a diaper.
• It is most often because of irritation from urine and feces.
• Different types of diaper dermatitis have different symptoms. When irritated from urine and feces, the skin is usually red in color.
• Treatment includes diaper-free periods, cream, and ointment.
• It is important to keep the diaper area clean and dry, change diapers often, and avoid irritants such as soap or scented wipes.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your child’s provider after office hours. This is important if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.

Diaper Rash – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis

The Facts

A diaper rash is an area of inflamed skin found in the diaper area in infants and young children. It is usually caused by skin irritation from prolonged contact with urine and feces.

A diaper rash can sometimes lead to a bacterial or fungal infection. Diapers, whether reusable or disposable, create a hot moist environment that traps diaper contents (e. g., urine and feces) against the skin, which causes irritation and can promote infection.

Most babies will have a diaper rash at some point. Although the number of severe diaper rash cases has decreased over time, diaper rash is just as common now as it was 30 years ago.

Causes

Diaper rash may be caused by a number of factors, including:

• contact with urine and feces: Prolonged exposure to urine and feces can irritate the skin. Both urine and feces can cause moisture to come into contact with the skin, which makes it more prone to damage and irritation. Contact with digestive enzymes found in feces can also increase the risk of diaper rash. Although ammonia (the chemical that gives stale urine its smell) is irritating to the skin, the levels found in infant urine are not sufficient to cause a diaper rash. However, it can worsen skin that is already irritated and inflamed.
• method of feeding: Breast-fed babies may experience fewer diaper rashes than bottle-fed babies because breast-fed babies tend to have stools of a smaller volume, which in turn are less irritating to the skin.
• friction and rubbing: Tight-fitting diapers that chafe against the skin can lead to a diaper rash. This damage to the skin can be made worse if the skin is wet. Also, skin-to-skin contact within skin folds in the diaper area can promote a diaper rash.
• preexisting skin conditions: Infants and children with preexisting skin conditions such as eczema and atopic dermatitis are more prone to developing a diaper rash.
• contact with irritating chemicals: Your baby’s bottom is very delicate. Some common chemicals that are found in fabric softeners, detergents, baby lotions, fragrances, soaps, and baby wipes can be very irritating to the skin and should be avoided. Talk to your child’s doctor or pharmacist about which products to avoid.
• antibiotic use: Using antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of “good bacteria,” which normally keep certain organisms such as yeast under control. Antibiotics taken by a breast-feeding mother can also affect the baby.
• infections: The dark, damp, and moist environment created by a diaper is a perfect breeding ground for bacterial or yeast infections (e.g., Candida) on the skin. These types of infections are more common in babies who have a diaper rash. Blisters, pus, red bumps in the creases of the skin, “satellite” red areas outside the main redness, or severely swollen red areas may be signs of infection.
• allergy to diaper elastic chemicals: A linear, red rash across the belly and in the skin creases can indicate an allergic reaction to chemicals in disposable diaper elastic. This is a common occurrence when you change to a different brand of diapers. If it persists or recurs, you should contact your child’s doctor.
• other conditions: Diaper rashes are not exclusive to infants and young children. They can also affect other people with conditions such as incontinence and paralysis.









Symptoms and Complications




Diaper rashes often appear as redness on the skin, with shiny patches and some pimply spots. The rash is usually found in the diaper area, which includes the buttocks, upper thighs, and genitalia. The affected skin may also be warm to the touch. The folds or creases of the skin are usually unaffected.

An infant or young child with a diaper rash may be more irritable and may complain or cry during diaper changes, especially when the skin in the diaper area is being cleaned or touched. An infection is usually indicated by red bumps that are present in the skin folds or creases. Blisters, pus, or red and severely swollen areas can also be signs of infection. “Satellite” red areas beyond the main rash are common with Candida yeast infection rashes.










Making the Diagnosis




The symptoms and location of the rash are usually the only necessary factors required to diagnose a diaper rash. Other information such as medication use and chemical exposure can help the doctor identify factors that may be making the rash worse.

In general, a mild case of diaper rash should clear up after a few days of proper treatment. It’s important to understand that diaper rashes are very common and do not indicate poor child care.












Treatment and Prevention




Currently, the main treatment for diaper rash is to use a barrier cream or ointment containing ingredients such as zinc oxide* and petroleum jelly, which act both as a physical barrier between the skin and the irritant and as an absorbent to soak up moisture. Thicker barrier creams and ointments are usually recommended for treating a diaper rash. Some may contain vitamins A and D to promote healing.

Many common non-prescription diaper rash products contain zinc oxide. In general, the more zinc oxide a product contains, the thicker the product will be. Zinc oxide in concentrations up to 40% is suitable for treating a diaper rash. Lower concentrations (i. e., below 15%) can be used daily to prevent diaper rash.

Avoid using products with ingredients that may irritate the skin, such as certain fragrances or lanolin. Your child’s doctor may recommend a topical antifungal product (such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or nystatin) to treat an infection on the skin caused by yeast (i.e., Candida). Avoid using topical steroid products (such as hydrocortisone) unless otherwise directed by your child’s physician. Other measures you can take to help treat your child’s diaper rash include:

• changing the diaper often
• cleaning the skin gently with mild soap and water and keeping it dry
• avoiding products that may irritate the skin or cause pain (such as alcohol-containing wipes)

With an effective treatment, your child’s diaper rash should clear up after several days. If it doesn’t, or if your child has a fever or worsening symptoms (e.g., blistering, becoming inconsolable, or appearing lethargic), seek medical attention as soon as possible.

The following tips can be used to help prevent or reduce the chances of a diaper rash:

• It has been shown that breast-fed babies tend to experience fewer diaper rashes than bottle-fed babies.
• Use diapers that draw moisture away from the skin.
• Expose the diaper area to air and apply barrier cream with the first signs of redness.
• Avoid using products that expose your child’s skin to irritating chemicals (e.g., diaper wipes with alcohol, fragrances, fabric softeners, detergents).
• Change the diaper often, including throughout the night.
• Avoid using powders such as talcum powder and cornstarch. Talcum powder may cause respiratory problems in your child, and cornstarch may promote a yeast infection.
• Rinse your baby’s bottom with warm water and a mild, unscented soap after each diaper change, and air- or pat-dry the area thoroughly. (Allow the area to air-dry for as long as possible.)
• Avoid using tight-fitting diapers and rubber or plastic pants, since they retain more moisture.
• Wash reusable diapers carefully to remove all the germs. Be sure to completely rinse out any soap or detergent.
• Use a barrier cream or ointment such as petroleum jelly or zinc oxide to prevent skin irritation. Be sure to thoroughly dry your baby’s bottom before you apply these products.
• Wash your hands thoroughly after each diaper change.

All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2021. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/Diaper-Rash

Diaper Rash: Causes and Treatments

What Causes Diaper Rash and What You Can Do

When your beautiful baby is born, her skin is often perfect in every way. It is softer and smoother than it will ever be again. You are dismayed when she wakes up and her bottom is red and irritated with diaper rash. What happened! What did you do wrong? Absolutely nothing!

All Babies Have Diaper Rash!

There are many misconceptions about a baby’s bottom:

• It is supposed to be perfectly smooth and rash-free
• Diaper rash is
  • abnormal
  •  a sign of food or formula allergies
• Diaper rash means the baby has bad diarrhea or a yeast infection

Having a diaper rash is a normal part of being a baby. There are many ways you can limit the amount of rash, but from time to time it will flare up again.

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Why Babies Get Diaper Rash

Start with ultra sensitive skin, add the chemicals and moisture of urine and stools, cover the area with a diaper that rubs back and forth, and you have diaper rash. This damaged skin is susceptible to the invasion of bacteria and yeast, which can make the rash worse.

7 Ways to Minimize or Prevent Diaper Rash

If your baby does not have a problem with diaper rash, then you don’t need to be too strict with these preventative measures. However, if you are constantly battling rash, here are some helpful hints to minimize it:

1. Change Diapers Frequently

Change diapers at least every two hours in newborns. You can space this out as baby starts to urinate less often.

2. Change Poopy Diapers Right Away

This is a lot of trouble at first since newborns often have small, frequent stools. This will slow down as baby grows.

3. Try Different Brands

If using disposables, another brand may fit a little better and cause less friction.

4. Rinse Cloth Diapers

Add a half-cup of vinegar to the rinse cycle. This helps remove alkaline irritants. Your diaper service can also do this.

5. Wipe Well

Be sure to wipe all the stool and urine away.

6. Use Unscented Wipes or Just Plain Water

these are less irritating. You can even rinse out the wipes with water, although this takes more time.

7. Diaper Rash Cream

Some lucky babies don’t need any. More sensitive bottoms need cream with each new diaper. There are two basic types of barrier creams:

• Petroleum ointment (Original A & D ointment) – this is an excellent preventative every-day ointment. It’s less sticky and less messy.
• White zinc oxide – this is thicker and may be better for babies who are more prone to rash.

4 Ways to Treat Flare Ups

No matter how diligent you are with the above measures, your baby will still have a rash from time to time. Here are some tips to treating those rough spots:

1. Wash Off Bottom with Water

Don’t wipe the sore areas. Instead, use a bulb syringe to gently wash baby’s diaper area.

2. Gently dab or pat away any remaining stool.

Blot baby’s bottom dry.

3. Let it Air Out

Leave the diaper off for a while, with no diaper cream on. Lay baby on a towel (with a waterproof pad underneath to catch accidents) with her bottom up. Do this as often as you can. This will help dry out the rash, which is important for the healing process.

4. Diaper Creams

When you do put the diaper back on, use generous amounts of cream. Here are some suggestions:

• Zinc oxide – for the moderate rash.
• Acid mantle – this is a brand name sold in stores. It is outstanding for moderate diaper rashes. Can be used with zinc oxide over it.
• Butt paste or Triple paste – there are a variety of creams that a pharmacist can mix up for you that contain a variety of ingredients. These are good for severe rashes. One brand that is already mixed is called Triple Paste. Ask your pharmacist for some. It is non-prescription.
• Clotrimazole anti-fungal cream – for stubborn rashes, yeast may be involved (see below). You can add this over-the-counter cream to help.
• Hydrocortisone 1% cream – you can put this over-the-counter cream on twice a day beneath any of the other creams to help with severe rashes. It will help with the inflammation. Don’t use this for more than several days at a time as long-term use can damage the sensitive skin in the diaper area.
• Soothe and heal by Lansinoh. This pure lanolin ointment is excellent for soothing sore bottoms.
• Mix your own – if you can’t get a prescription, try mixing these together in the palm of your hand, then apply to baby’s bottom:
  • Zinc oxide
  • White petroleum ointment
  • Acid mantle
  • Aluminum acetate (Burrow’s solution)
  • If you cant find Acid Mantle, then use Lansinoh (a lanolin ointment). It is available in the diaper cream section of drug stores.

Identifying Specific Diaper Rash

Here are a few diaper rashes that can be more than just irritation from the stool, urine, and diaper. They usually require more specific therapy:

1. Contact Diaper Rash

This is simply the regular rash as discussed above.

• Appearance – flat, red, irritated skin. When severe, skin will peel or blister and slough off.
• Treatment – as described above.

2. Intertrigo

This is a specific rash that occurs within the skin folds and creases around the diaper area where the skin rubs together.

• Appearance – Heat and moisture mixed with urine cause a red, burn-like appearance.
• Treatment – regular white petroleum diaper ointment.

3. Yeast Rash

When the skin is damaged, yeast from the intestines can invade the skin. This especially occurs with antibiotic use or prolonged rash.

• Appearance – it is a red, raised, patchy rash with sharp borders, mostly over the genitalia but with satellite spots sprinkled around the diaper area.
• Treatment – in addition to the above measures, there are two commonly used anti-fungal creams:
  • Clotrimazole – over-the-counter. Apply 2 – 3 times a days beneath the other creams.
  • Nystatin – prescription. Not necessarily better, just different.
  • Acidophilus – this is a natural bacterial powder that fights off yeast. Click on it to learn more.

4.Impetigo

This occurs when bacteria invade the damaged skin.

• Appearance – coin-sized blisters or red raised patches that ooze a honey-colored crust.
• Treatment – prescription antibiotic ointment as well as the above general measures.

5. Seborrhea

An inflammatory condition that can affect different parts of the body, but can be especially severe in the diaper area.

• Appearance – a big, red, sharply demarcated patch over the groin, genitalia, and lower abdomen. It can be more raised, rough, thick, and greasy than the other rashes.
• Treatment – hydrocortisone 1% cream (over-the-counter) 2 – 3 times a day. Don’t use more than a week unless directed by your doctor.

6. Allergy Ring

A variety of foods can irritate baby’s bottom, especially acidic foods such as citrus and tomato-based sauces.

• Appearance – a red ring around baby’s anus.
• Treatment – discontinue suspected foods. Breastfeeding moms may need to eliminate foods from their diet.

When to Worry

None of the diaper rashes discussed here are so serious that they warrant an urgent call to your doctor in the evening or overnight. They generally can wait to be evaluated and treated by your doctor’s office the following day.

December 9, 2020December 10, 2020Dr. Bill Sears

Diaper Rash | La Plata Pediatrics & Family Health

Definition

• Any rash on the skin covered by a diaper
• Diaper-wearing age group (birth to 3 years)

Call or Return If

• Rash isn’t much better after 3 days of using anti-yeast cream
• It starts to look infected (with sores and scabs)
• You think your child needs to be seen
• Your child becomes worse

About This Topic

Symptoms

• Mild rashes just have areas of pink dry skin.
• Severe rashes have areas of red skin. In some areas, the skin may become raw or even bleed.
• Yeast infections are bright red. The borders are very sharp. Small red bumps or even pimples may occur just beyond the border. Yeast rashes usually cover large areas.
• Pink rashes are not painful, but raw ones can be very painful. This can lead crying and poor sleep.

Cause

• Mild rashes can be caused by the drying effect of soaps.
• Stool and urine left on skin can combine to make ammonia. Ammonia can cause a mild chemical burn.
• Stools left on the skin can be very irritating because they contain bacteria. Urine alone has no germs in it and usually doesn’t irritate the skin.
• Rashes around the anus are common during bouts of diarrhea.
• Rashes from irritants can get a secondary infection with yeast. Less commonly it can happen with bacteria.

Prevention of Recurrent Diaper Rash

• Change diapers more often. Especially try to prevent skin contact with stool.
• Rinse the baby’s skin with lots of warm water when cleaning off stool. Don’t depend on diaper wipes alone
• Be sure to clean stool off all the skin folds. Cleaning the scrotum can be a challenge.

After Care Advice

Overview:

• Diaper rashes are very common in babies.
• Often caused by not cleaning stool off the skin soon enough.
• Here’s some care advice that should help.

Change More Often:

• Change diapers more often to prevent skin contact with stool.
• You may want to get up once during the night to change the diaper. Do this until the rash is under control.

Rinse with Warm Water:

• Rinse the baby’s skin with lots of warm water after cleaning off stool.
• Wash with a mild soap (such as Dove) only after stools. Reason: Using soap often can slow healing.
• Do not depend on diaper wipes alone for removing stool. Reason: They leave a film of bacteria on the skin.

Leave the Bottom Open to Air:

• Expose the bottom to air as much as possible.
• Attach the diaper loosely at the waist to help with air exposure.
• When napping, take the diaper off and lay your child on a towel. Reason: Dryness reduces the risk of yeast infections.

Anti-Yeast Cream:

• Most diaper rashes respond to 3 days of warm water cleansing and air exposure. If you’ve tried this or the rash is bright red, suspect a yeast infection.
• Buy an anti-yeast cream such as Lotrimin. No prescription is needed.
• Use Lotrimin cream 2 times per day.

Raw Skin:

• If the bottom is very raw, soak in warm water for 10 minutes. Add 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of baking soda to the tub of warm water.
• Do this 2 times per day for a few days.
• Then, put Lotrimin cream on the rash.

Sore or Scab on End of the Penis:

• Use an antibiotic ointment such as Polysporin. No prescription is needed.
• Do this 3 times per day.
• Reason: The sore is a bacterial infection that can cause painful urination.

Diarrhea Rash:

• If your child has diarrhea and an anal rash, use a protective ointment. Examples are petroleum jelly, A&D or Desitin.
• This forms a barrier between the skin and the stool.
• Otherwise, these generally are not needed.
• Caution: Wash off the skin before putting the ointment on.

What to Expect:

• With proper treatment, most diaper rashes are better in 3 days.
• If the rash does not respond, a yeast infection has probably occurred. If so, start an anti-yeast cream.

Return to Child Care:

• Diaper rashes cannot be spread to others. Yeast ones do not spread. Bacterial ones have a small risk until they are on an antibiotic ointment.
• Your child does not need to miss any child care.

Helping Parents Treat Diaper Rash

US Pharm. 2012;37(3):12-15.

Diaper rash is a multi-factorial condition that is
extremely uncomfortable for the infant and can cause a great deal of
anxiety for parents. To further compound the problem, while true diaper
rash (also known as irritant diaper dermatitis) is fairly simple
to recognize and treat, diapers can worsen such dermatologic disorders
as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.

Manifestations of Diaper Rash

Diaper rash generally presents as a bright red irritation on the scrotum and penis in boys and on the labia and vagina in girls.¹
It includes a wide range of dermatoses, such as scaling, blistering,
ulcers, large bumps, pimples, or purulent sores. Children who are able
to do so may scratch the area during diaper changes. If the area
exhibits a beefy-red appearance, if there are small red bumps at the
outer edges of the affected area, or if the child cries violently when
urine touches the skin, candidal colonization is likely and a physician
referral is mandatory. ^2,3

Safe Treatment of Diaper Rash

Obviously, infants are very vulnerable to dangerous
chemicals applied to the skin. This is especially true considering that
the diaper is an occlusive dressing, enhancing absorption of any
topically applied, pharmacologically active ingredient. Additionally,
the skin of the infant with diaper rash is often damaged or broken,
further increasing the extent of absorption. For this reason, only the
safest and most thoroughly investigated ingredients have been approved
as protectants. Some protectants are chemically inert, but all cover and
protect skin surfaces. They provide a mechanical barrier to exclude
irritants, exclude or remove wetness, and protect skin that contacts
opposing skin (intertriginous skin).²

The FDA’s general instructions for skin protectant
products include advice to discontinue their use and seek physician care
if symptoms persist for more than 7 days, and to change wet and soiled
diapers promptly, cleansing the diaper area and allowing it to dry. ²
Another reliable federal Web site recommends seeking physician care if
the area worsens or is not completely healed in 2 to 3 days, a safer
time limit.¹ Parents are also advised to apply the ointment,
cream, or powder liberally as often as necessary, with each diaper
change, and especially at bedtime or anytime when exposure to wet
diapers may be prolonged. For powder products, parents are further
instructed to apply powder close to the body but away from the child’s
face, and to carefully shake the powder into the diaper or into the hand
and apply to the diaper area.

Specific Protectant Ingredients

If the infant’s skin is broken, the parent should be advised to see a physician.²
However, if the irritation is limited to inflammation, protectants are
safe and effective. Allantoin (0.5%-2%), calamine (1%-25%), dimethicone
(1%-30%), and kaolin (4%-20%) are all safe protectants.² Cod
liver oil (5%-13. 56%) is also safe and effective, but it has an
unpleasant smell, so it is combined with other ingredients to prevent
this odor. Lanolin 15.5% is safe and effective, but it should be avoided
as it is a contact sensitizer.^2,4 Products containing
lanolin include A+D Original Ointment, Weleda Baby Calendula Baby Cream,
Belli Baby Protect Me Diaper Rash Cream, and Grandma El’s Diaper Rash
Remedy & Prevention.

Mineral oil (50%-100%) is a safe and effective emollient
protectant for diaper rash. It is water-insoluble, giving it a barrier
effect. However, it remains on the skin indefinitely until physically
removed, and may build up on the skin if not periodically cleansed away.²
Since the FDA directs the caregiver to cleanse the diaper area with
each diaper change, mineral oil should not accumulate. However, if
patients fail to cleanse the baby properly, it could cause chronic skin
irritation and folliculitis. It is the active ingredient in Johnson’s
Baby Oil.

Zinc oxide (25%-40%) pastes and ointments are safe and
effective for diaper rash, but in higher concentration they are
difficult to remove from the baby’s skin due to their thick and adherent
nature. It is the major active ingredient in such products as Desitin
Paste Maximum Strength (40% zinc oxide) and A+D Diaper Rash Cream (10%).

Petrolatum (30%-100%) is the ideal diaper rash protectant.
It is virtually nonallergenic, lacks an unpleasant odor, is easily
removed from the skin, and is effective as a single ingredient without
the potential for folliculitis or irritation.² It is the single active ingredient in Vaseline Petroleum Jelly and Vaseline Baby.

Cornstarch (10%-98%) is formulated as a powder. It is
widely believed to be a safe infant powder, but it may be hazardous. In
one such case, a 1-month-old infant was brought to an emergency room
because of poor eating habits and impaired breathing.⁵ The
physicians ordered a chest x-ray, which revealed diffuse opacification
in both lungs, with dark-blue polygon-shaped crystals visible on a
Gram-stain. The crystals were eventually demonstrated to be cornstarch.
The mother admitted that she used cornstarch powder during diaper
changes. The physicians diagnosed cornstarch pneumonitis, cautioning
that the careless use of the powder could lead to accidental aspiration
with subsequent severe respiratory disease.

Another concern about cornstarch is that it may serve as a culture medium for Candida albicans.⁶
Because of this, the pharmacist should recommend against the use of
cornstarch. Products containing cornstarch include Johnson’s Baby Pure
Cornstarch with Magnolia Petals. The magnolia petals in this product are
not approved for use as protectants. The National Institutes of Health
(NIH) recommends against use of cornstarch at any time as it can worsen a
diaper rash with candidal infection.¹

Talc (45%-100%) was once thought to be safe and effective
as an absorbent in preventing and treating diaper rash, but it can be
dangerous in the form of talcum powder if not used appropriately and
must never be recommended.¹ Products containing talcum powder
include Johnson’s Baby Powder. Talcum powder presents respiratory and
dermatologic risks to the baby. Accidental inhalation can be deadly, a
fact of which at least 42% of mothers (of infants under the age of 2
years) are completely unaware.^7,8 In one study of episodes of
inhalation of talcum powder, 55% of the victims were under 1 year of
age, and 41% were in their second year.^7,8

In some of the worst cases cited by the FDA, one child
developed aspiration pneumonia, and another required several days on a
respirator.⁸ In an atypical case, a 3-year-old sibling poured
talcum powder into the mouth and nose of a 1-month-old, who required
resuscitation for cardiopulmonary arrest, but did survive. Another child
of 22 months played with talcum powder, inhaling sufficient dust to
produce respiratory distress and perioral cyanosis. After 20 hours of
care, he expired of intractable cardiopulmonary failure.⁸

This issue was of such great concern to the FDA that a
public meeting was held in 1994 to discuss the safe use of talcum powder
in consumer products.⁹ Of special interest was a study by
the National Toxicology Program that exposed rodents to talcum powder,
finding that there was a risk of chronic pulmonary damage and death. The
FDA requires a mandatory warning on products containing talcum powder
to help minimize the danger of aspiration: “Keep powder away from
child’s face to avoid inhalation, which can cause breathing problems.”⁸

Talcum powder presents dermatologic dangers to infants. If
it is applied to broken skin, talcum powder can cause crusting,
infection, and skin granulomas. For this reason, products containing
talcum powder must carry the warning, “Do not use on broken skin.”
Diaper dermatitis treated only with powders may not resolve adequately.
In one such case, a 6-month-old infant with mild diaper dermatitis
treated only with powders developed granulomatous tissue on the
buttocks, perhaps as a result of the use of dusting powders.¹⁰

The pharmacist should advise against use of talcum powder
as a skin protectant because of its dermatologic and respiratory
dangers, as recommended by the NIH.¹ If parents purchase the
product in spite of this advice, they should be cautioned to take care
in application as warned by the FDA, but the parent or caregiver should
further be cautioned to keep the products stored away from children,
much as poisons are stored. These precautions apply specifically to
talcum powder, but can be generalized to the use of all powders in
infants, regardless of the ingredients.

Unknown Ingredients in Diaper Rash Products

Diaper rash products are available under a large number of
well-known brands (e.g., Vaseline, Desitin, A+D, Johnson’s), but also
as a host of strangely named, obscure products.¹¹ Some of the
former and many of the latter load their products with ingredients of
unknown safety and efficacy for diaper rash. They often include multiple
plant-derived ingredients, which could be allergenic or toxic if
absorbed. It is advisable to avoid these overloaded formulations in
favor of those containing a single safe and effective protectant (e.g.,
petrolatum).

Boric acid is known to present dangers to babies, but it is included in such products as Boudreaux’s Butt Paste.²
Nonfat dry milk and goat’s milk are inexplicably included in such
products as The First Years Bottom Care Diaper Rash Relief System and
Canus Li’l Goat’s Milk Ointment. Tea tree oil is found in Bum Boosa
Bamboo Diaper Rash Ointment and California Baby Non-Burning &
Calming Diaper Area Wash. Although they also contain zinc oxide,
miscellaneous plant ingredients are found in Aveeno Baby Soothing Relief
Diaper Rash Cream, Aveeno Baby Organic Harvest Diaper Rash Cream,
Balmex Diaper Rash Cream, and Puristics Baby Zinc Oxide Diaper Rash
Cream.¹¹

Some parents may ask about the use of topical antifungals
for diaper rash. It is true that broken skin under the diaper is often
colonized with Candida, but a physician appointment is mandatory.²
Currently available nonprescription antifungals are only indicated for
fungal conditions such as tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis.
Their efficacy on Candida is unknown.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Choosing the Right Type of Diaper

Diaper rash can cause a great deal of discomfort for the
baby. Since the goal is to keep the skin dry, parents should choose
diapers that are labeled as superabsorbent or ultra-absorbent. These
prevent diaper rash better than older, regular absorbency diapers. Some
parents prefer cloth diapers for reasons of economics, sanitation, or
conservation, but disposables are far better than reusable cloth diapers
in preventing diaper rash. If cloth diapers are used, they should never
be covered by plastic pants, since the plastic keeps moisture trapped
inside the diaper and makes diaper rash more likely.

During an active case of diaper rash, the skin is very
sensitive. Most commercial diaper wipes should be avoided during this
time, as these products may contain chemicals that irritate the skin
affected by the rash. Immediate cleaning of the area with mild soap is
the safest alternative.

Skin Protectants

Skin protectants are the safest ingredients for treating
diaper rash. These include such ingredients as allantoin, calamine, cod
liver oil, dimethicone, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, talc,
topical starch (also known as cornstarch), white petrolatum, and
zinc oxide. However, some of these are better than others. Petrolatum
(e.g., Vaseline) is an excellent choice.

Powders containing kaolin, cornstarch, or talc can cause
problems if the baby’s skin is broken or wounded and should be avoided.
If you choose to use them anyway, keep any powder diaper rash product
well away from the child’s face while you are putting it on your hands
or applying it to the baby’s bottom. If you allow the powder to get into
the air, the baby will inhale it while breathing, potentially producing
chemical pneumonia that can lead to permanent breathing problems or
death.

The best way to apply powders is to go to a location away
from the baby. Place the container close to your body and away from your
face. Gently shake a small amount of powder onto a hand. When the
powder has settled, approach the baby and apply it to the diaper area.
Never let an older sibling play with the powders either by themselves or
around the baby for the same reasons.

Products to Avoid

Some chemicals should never be used on the baby. Do not
use homemade preparations such as baking soda since their safety would
be questionable. Any product containing boric acid or borax is unsafe
and must be avoided. Chemicals such as aloe vera, benzyl alcohol, castor
seed, Peruvian balsam, nonfat dry milk, arnica, borage, thymol,
calendula, rose hip oil, and tea tree oil are not FDA-approved
protectants. Some may be listed as inactive ingredients, but could still
cause allergic reactions or other problems. Antibiotic ointments
containing such ingredients as neomycin, polymyxin, or bacitracin should
not be used for diaper rash. Hydrocortisone products should not be used
without a physician recommendation. You should not use any antifungal
or anticandidal products on diaper rash.

Remember, if you have questions, Consult Your Pharmacist.

REFERENCES

1. Diaper rash. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000964.htm. Accessed January 30, 2012.

2. Pray WS. Nonprescription Product Therapeutics. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

3. Rash—child under 2 years. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003259.htm. Accessed January 30, 2012.

4. Kligman AM. Lanolin allergy: crisis or comedy. Contact Dermatitis. 1983;9:99-107.

5. Silver P, Sagy M, Rubin L. Respiratory failure from corn starch aspiration: a hazard of diaper changing. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1996;12:108-110.

6. Farrington E. Diaper dermatitis. Pediatr Nurs. 1992;18:81-82.

7. Preston SL, Bryant BG. Etiology and treatment of diaper dermatitis. Hosp Pharm. 1994;29:1086-1088,1097.

8. Skin protectant drug products for over-the-counter human use; proposed rulemaking for diaper rash drug products. Fed Regist. 1990;55:25204-25232.

9. Talc; consumer uses and health perspectives; public meetings. Fed Regist. 1994;59:2319.

10. Konya J, Gow E. Granuloma gluteale infantum. Australas J Dermatol. 1996;37:57-58.

11. Diaper rash products. www.drugstore.com. Accessed February 7, 2012.

12. Semiz S, Balci YI, Ergin S, et al. Two cases of Cushing’s syndrome due to overuse of topical steroid in the diaper area. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:544-547.

13. Tempark T, Phatarakijnirund V, Chatproedprai S, et al.
Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome due to topical corticosteroid application:
case report and review literature. Endocrine. 2010;38:328-334.

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90,000 What does a baby’s diaper rash look like in the groin. Everything about diaper rash in newborn babies: causes of appearance, effective methods of prevention and treatment. Excrement: skin exposure

The groin area is the most common place for diaper rash in a child. This is due to the fact that the skin here is delicate, quickly irritated when rubbing against diapers and diapers. The catalysts of the problem are the use of perfumed soap for bathing and putting on clothes on a still damp body.The soil for diaper rash in the groin of a child may also be increased sweating between the legs.

You should also look for the cause in low-quality underwear, through which the skin cannot breathe freely. As a result of a violation of thermoregulation, it turns red and becomes covered with a rash, which, in the absence of proper treatment, leads to the formation of diaper rash. This problem is especially acute for the parents of babies under the age of one year.

If the disease is mild, it is quite enough to use creams of the Antoshka type for children.If no improvement is observed, folk remedies are connected – infusions, oils, decoctions, ointments. Before starting treatment, it is necessary to consult a doctor so as not to further aggravate the situation. If there are wounds on the skin, in order to avoid infection, they are treated with antiseptic solutions.

The easiest way is to bathe your child in a solution of potassium permanganate. Add enough potassium permanganate to a bath of about 10 liters of water to turn the color pale pink. Bathe your child in it for 15-30 minutes.After that, it is useful to lubricate the skin with ointment without washing it off. In severe cases, lotions with a 2% tannin solution are relevant.

From ointments for diaper rash in the groin area, children over 10 years old are excellently helped:

• Bepanten,
• Panthenol,
• Baneocin,
• Clotrimazole.

To completely cure the baby, it can be lubricated with Desitin and Sanosan creams. This should be done 3-5 times a day, and after the bath it is necessary. The product is applied in a thin layer, evenly spreading over the surface, and left until completely absorbed.

Traditional methods

Vegetable oils should be tried first. Here, olive, corn and sesame seeds are ideal, which have anti-inflammatory, soothing and bactericidal properties. They will help even better if they are preheated in a water bath. Keep the oil on fire for no longer than 10 minutes. Wash your hands before applying it to your skin. Rub the product thoroughly into problem areas, massaging them.

Baths

This option is suitable for children of all ages.The water must be warm so that the child does not catch a cold. It should be bathed closer to sleep. The optimal bath time is 30 minutes. Before using these or those infusions, check if the baby has allergies. To do this, lubricate the bend of the elbow with it. If the skin does not turn red, then everything is fine.

Here’s what to treat diaper rash in the groin in a child will be most effective:

• Chamomile. This herb is good for soothing irritated skin. Pour 70 g of petals and flowers with boiling water (1 l), and put the composition in a warm place for 2-3 hours.Then strain it, pour it into a tub and add the required amount of water.
• Oak bark. Brew 5 tbsp. l. of this ingredient in 250 ml of boiling water. After an hour, strain it through a sieve into a bowl. Next, add the required amount of water to it and let it cool slightly.
• Birch buds. Grind them (up to 3 tbsp. L.), Add 2 tbsp. l. petroleum jelly, stir the mixture and combine it with 10 liters of water.

After bathing in the infusion, it is imperative to wipe the child with clean warm water.

Lotions and wipes

Compresses are also helpful here. If cracks appear on the skin, try diluting 3 tbsp. l. powder of dried yarrow, moisten a gauze cut in it and attach it to the problem area. You can remove the lotion after 15 minutes. To prevent diaper rash in the child’s groin as quickly as possible, carry out this procedure 2-3 times a day.

Eucalyptus broth is also effective, for the preparation of which you need to hold such a composition on fire for 2-3 minutes – 2 tbsp.l. plant leaves + 250 ml of water.

If the above remedies are not suitable, it will be possible to treat diaper rash with an infusion of sage, horsetail and valerian. Combine these ingredients, adhering to the proportions of 10 g / 25 g / 15 ml, and pour the mixture with 0.5 liters of boiling water. She must stand at least a day. Then moisten a cotton pad in it and pass it through problem areas 3-5 times a day.

Ointment

Consult your doctor before applying them to your groin area.Good reviews were received for the following products:

1. Honey + fish oil + chloroform. It is necessary to combine these ingredients in proportions of 300 g: 15 g: 1 g. The finished product, if necessary, is applied to the child’s clean skin and left for 10 minutes. Then it must be washed.
2. Zinc ointment + nystatin + vitamin A. Stick to these proportions – 20 g, 2 crushed tablets and 5 drops. Mix it all and apply to the groin area. Rinse off with warm water and dry your baby.
3. Vaseline + calendula flowers. 3 tbsp. l. grind plant materials in a coffee grinder and mix with the first ingredient (2 tbsp. l.). Lubricate diaper rash with this ointment before bedtime and leave it for 10 minutes, and then rinse it off.
4. Propolis + sour cream. Combine the two ingredients in equal proportions and heat on the stove to form a liquid mass. Let it cool down and treat diaper rash with it 3-5 times a day.

The ointment can be used both before and after crusting, but no longer than 2-4 weeks.

Powder

The most effective combination is talc (50 g) + corn starch (20 g) + zinc oxide (7 g) + allantoin – 2 g. All this mixes well and lavender essential oil is added here (no more than 10 drops). At the end, you need to rub the mass with your fingers so that it turns out to be soft. Next, wash the baby, wipe it off and apply some powder. Make sure that it does not get into the baby’s nose and mouth.

It is not allowed to use this product if children are allergic to the proposed ingredients and for various skin lesions (dermatosis, urticaria, etc.)).

It should be applied only until a crust forms, which is accelerated by the powder. After that, vegetable oils with a moisturizing effect are topical.

Prevention

In order to avoid worsening the situation, you should:

• For 1-2 weeks, stop using diapers / diapers or change them every 2-3 hours.
• Every day, air baths for at least 10 minutes, preferably before bedtime.
• Wash your baby with baby soap 2-3 times a day, especially after changing a diaper.
• After bathing, be sure to dry your skin and dry it with a towel.
• Lubricate the area with diaper rash with baby cream (Antoshka, etc.).

Treatment prognosis

If you strictly adhere to all the recommendations of the attending physician, then the problem will be solved in 1-2 months, depending on its complexity. During this period, the baby may be restless due to the frequent itching; possibly a slight increase in body temperature. If preventive measures are not followed, there is a high risk of relapse and worsening of the situation.

Finding groin rash in newborns and older children shouldn’t scare you. This is a quite common phenomenon for a child, which is now easy to fight.

Please leave a comment.

Diaper rash is an inflammatory disease that occurs during prolonged contact with moisture, friction (intertrigo), and allergic reactions. The lesions are localized in the skin folds – interdigital spaces, armpits, groin, intergluteal cavity.Skin irritation is fraught with septic (infectious) inflammation. Diaper rash in the groin of a child is diagnosed by a pediatric dermatologist or pediatrician. Symptoms range from mild irritation and redness to wetness with superficial cracks and erosions.

What is it – diaper rash

Diaper rash in the groin of a child is a common dermatological problem that occurs mainly in infancy. Infants have thinner epidermis than adults.Due to the looseness of the protective layer, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of pathogens – protozoa, bacteria, viruses, fungi.

Intertrigo – local inflammation of the skin caused by constant friction, contact with irritating substances. Even a slight mechanical effect on fabrics when bathing or swaddling is fraught with irritation. Children’s skin is prone to damage and maceration (moisture absorption), swelling.

What the groin rash looks like:

• skin folds become red;
• Without treatment, cracks and bleeding ulcerations form in the groin;
• the focus of inflammation is covered with a dark brown bloom;
• Diaper rash has a strong putrid odor.

Insufficient ventilation of the skin in the groin creates conditions for the growth of bacteria. With septic inflammation of the skin folds, infectious intertrigo is diagnosed.

Reasons for the appearance of

Excess moisture is the key cause of diaper rash in the groin area in children.

Also, the reasons for the susceptibility of children’s skin to irritation include:

• underdevelopment of the hydrolipid mantle of the skin;
• excessive sweating;
• susceptibility to allergies;
• weak local immunity;
• looseness of the epidermis.

Inflammation of the groin folds is caused by many external factors. Their exclusion prevents dermatological problems, pyoderma and sepsis in children.

Stool

Focuses of inflammation of the skin in the groin occur at the sites of urine and feces irritation. Children’s stool contains many biochemicals:

• amines;
• skatole;
• ammonia;
• lipase;
• hydrogen sulfide;
• thiols, etc.d.

Waste products from prolonged contact with the groin cause irritation. Often, diaper rash appears exactly when complementary foods from fruit purees and juices begin to be introduced. This is evidence that the child’s body is not yet able to cope with the new food.

Improper use of diapers

In 45-50% of cases of diaper rash in the groin of newborn boys are associated with improper use of diapers. They are made of synthetic materials that retain moisture.With infrequent changes, the urine will no longer be absorbed into the diapers. Because of this, the skin is constantly in contact with irritating substances. Many pediatricians recommend ditching disposable diapers altogether in favor of cotton rompers and nappies.

Improper care and bathing

Redness and itching in the intimate area is one of the signs of improper care of baby skin. Hyperemia of tissues in the groin is often associated with:

• use of sponges with a rough surface;
• careless washing of the child;
• insufficient drying of the skin.

After water procedures, you need to wait until the skin folds are completely dry. It is also necessary to use hygroscopic powders that prevent diaper rash.

Friction

Possible causes of irritation also include prolonged skin contact with:

• tight clothing;
• diapers;
• snakes and seams on clothes.

Constant friction leads to irritation of the soft tissues in the groin, edema and inflammation.With late treatment of diaper rash, bacterial infections often join.

Allergies to care products and food

Allergies to food and baby cosmetics are one of the key causes of redness in the skin folds in the groin. Low-quality powders and creams contain irritating components – alcohols, parabens, preservatives, etc. They provoke allergic reactions and inflammation.

The mother can independently determine the presence of this disease in a baby, since the skin has a characteristic diaper-like appearance, and take appropriate measures.If the child has severe diaper rash in the groin, a doctor should prescribe treatment.

Often, diaper rash occurs in infants when they are transferred to artificial feeding or when complementary foods are introduced.

Overheating

Severe diaper rash is associated with excessive wrapping of the child, which provokes excessive sweating. Friction of damp skin in the groin area leads to irritation, swelling and inflammation. To prevent diaper rash, it is recommended to dress newborns in light clothing made of breathable fabrics – linen, cotton.

Skin infections

The risk group includes infants who suffer from skin pathologies:

• impetigo;
• seborrheic eczema;
• diaper dermatitis;
• candidiasis;
• allergic dermatosis.

Depending on the provoking factors, dermatologists identify allergic, yeast, seborrheic, bacterial and other types of diaper rash in the groin.

Differences in the degree of damage

The degree of damage to the skin in the groin is determined by the severity of the symptoms.In dermatology and pediatrics, the following stages of diaper rash are distinguished:

• First (initial). With mild diaper rash in a child, the integrity of the epidermis is not compromised. There is slight hyperemia and soft tissue irritation. With adequate treatment, symptoms disappear after 2-3 days.
• Second. The skin folds in the groin take on a bright red hue. In places of greatest friction, erosion and cracks occur. The skin coarsens, small pustules form on it.
• Third. With diaper rash of the third degree, the skin turns purple.Bleeding ulcers form with exfoliation of the epidermis. Due to severe pain, the child becomes whiny, does not sleep well.

In case of diaper rash of 2 and 3 degrees, it is necessary to show the baby to a dermatologist or pediatrician. Ulcers in the groin indicate an infectious inflammation caused by staphylococci or streptococci. If treatment is delayed, the local infection spreads quickly. If the provoking factors are not eliminated, healthy tissues are involved in inflammation. If an infection enters the bloodstream, there is a risk of sepsis, a deadly complication.

How and how to treat diaper rash

Features of therapy are determined by the degree of irritation of the skin folds in the groin. To find out how to get rid of diaper rash, contact your pediatrician.

A doctor should be consulted to determine what is right for the child. In order for the treatment of diaper rash to be successful, first of all, the cause of their appearance is eliminated.

In the absence of bacterial infections, symptomatic agents are prescribed – antiseptics, wound healing, anti-inflammatory ointments, powders, etc.e. Ulcers in the groin are treated with antimicrobial gels, liniment.

Baths

Treatment of diaper rash 1 and 2 degrees is carried out by means of alternative medicine. Warm baths with decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs relieve irritation, accelerate the regeneration of the epidermis in the groin. For these purposes the following are used:

• oak bark;
• Pharmacy chamomile;
• sequential;
• eucalyptus leaves;
• birch buds.

4 st. l. raw materials are poured into 1 liter of water and boiled for 5 minutes.The strained broth is mixed with water in a bath. Also, to combat diaper rash, a weak solution of potassium permanganate is used. The powder is added to warm water, the shade of which should turn pale pink. The duration of the procedure is 5-7 minutes. Baths are done daily until the symptoms disappear.

Ointments

Pharmacy ointments help to remove diaper rash in a newborn in 3-7 days. It is recommended to smear the groin area after water procedures up to 2 times a day. The preparations are applied exclusively to dry skin in a thin layer.

The best ointments and creams for diaper rash:

• Bepanten – stimulates the regeneration of the skin in the groin, relieves irritation;
• Nystatin ointment – destroys infectious diaper rash caused by Candida fungi;
• D-Panthenol – accelerates the recovery of mucous membranes and skin in case of irritation;
• Zinc ointment – dries out oozing, prevents infectious inflammation;
• Desitin – softens and dries soft tissues with diaper dermatitis.

Some ointments are not used for purulent-necrotic changes in the groin area. Therefore, before using them, consult a pediatric dermatologist.

Powders

Hygroscopic powder is the best remedy for diaper rash. It is used to treat and prevent irritation in the groin of a child. The preparation contains mineral talc, absorbents and anti-inflammatory additives. They prevent the accumulation of moisture in the skin folds and excessive friction of the skin.

To remove diaper rash in newborns, powders are used:

• Kapitoshka;
• Bubchen;
• Johnson;
• Toddler;
• Lander.

Powders are used no more than 2 times a day after hygiene procedures. Pediatricians advise against treating the skin too often. This is fraught with blockage of sweat and sebaceous glands, which leads to purulent rashes.

Oils

Natural oils with antiseptic properties soften the skin, reduce sweating and irritation. Used for the prevention and treatment of diaper rash of the 1st degree. Children’s cosmetics based on almond, peach and coconut oils have pronounced healing properties.

To cope with diaper rash, use BoNaRo, Johnson’s baby. The irritated skin in the groin area is treated with oil 2 times a day. It is recommended to use cosmetics after water procedures no more than 2 times a day. It is undesirable to put on diapers or synthetic clothes on the child within an hour after treatment.

For fungal inflammation of the skin, sea buckthorn oil is used. It contains vitamins, flavonoids and acids that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties.The foci of inflammation are treated 2-3 times a day.

Other methods

Treat diaper rash in the groin in a child in accordance with the recommendations of a pediatric dermatologist. Usually, no special remedies are used to eliminate symptoms. But in the case of septic inflammation of tissues, the doctor prescribes antimicrobial or antibacterial drugs – Baneocin, Erythromycin, Titanium, Syntomycin ointments.

Danger of diaper rash in the rapid transition from one stage to another.If you do not act for several hours, a slight redness can be replaced by severe irritation. Heat and high humidity worsen the forecast.

For diaper rash of 2 and 3 degrees, physiotherapy procedures are recommended. Ultraviolet irradiation of the groin prevents infection from entering the damaged epidermis. If the disease is caused by diathesis or diaper dermatitis, desensitizing (antiallergic) drugs are prescribed – Lokoid, Posterisan, Hydrocortisone, etc.

What not to do

In the hope of speeding up recovery, parents often make mistakes that only make their child’s condition worse.To prevent complications in the infant, you need to abandon:

• Treatment of ulceration with starch. Powder forms crusts on contact with damaged groin tissues. They only increase friction in the skin folds, which is why the epidermis is injured even more.
• Oil wipes. Do not use oil-impregnated wipes to wipe the groin area. This is fraught with even greater irritation, swelling.
• Frequent bathing. Water procedures are performed no more than 2-3 times a day.To prevent diaper rash, the skin is thoroughly dried with a towel or paper towels.

In case of redness in the groin, show the child to the pediatrician. The doctor will determine the cause of the irritation and prescribe adequate treatment.

Many parents are faced with a problem. This problem can be caused by several factors that you can determine yourself. However, you should never neglect the visits to the doctor and the recommendations given to him for treatment, especially when you realize that you cannot cope on your own.

Causes of irritation in the intimate area of ​​a child

As you understand yourself, if you mean the reasons – you can avoid the consequences. Baby’s skin is very delicate and sensitive, especially in the groin area and delicate butt.
Irritation factors
there can be several reasons:

• Unsuitable brand of diapers;
• Food allergy;
• Allergy to creams, ointments, washing powder;
• Inappropriate diaper size;
• Clothes that are too tight or loose;
• Insufficient skin contact with air;
• Untimely diaper change;
• Allergy to detergent.

How to deal with irritation in children in the intimate area

Fight with irritation
should always be very patient. After all, at first we could not pay attention to small redness, which can last a long time. And then we have to reap the fruits of our carelessness in the form of a bad mood with irritation in the child’s intimate area
, and it is no longer just redness.
It is not always easy to understand what a child is allergic to.And replacing funds with others in order to notice positive or negative dynamics – it takes time, which sometimes does not exist.

If severe irritation occurs in a child’s groin and butt
, it is most likely caused by prolonged contact with feces. Sometimes even a delay of ten minutes will give a strong negative result and become a clear cause of irritation, the consequences of which you will be eliminating for more than one day. Parents need to better monitor the baby, change the diaper in a timely manner.Even if you go for a walk, try to take a spare diaper with you and, if necessary, make a timely replacement in any shopping center (in the children’s room). In this case, you should not think about that you are uncomfortable or show your shyness, but think only about the health of the crumbs!

READ ALSO:

When the baby is still very young and feeds on breast milk or formula, it seems that it is easy to rule out food allergies. However, when breastfeeding, it is worth paying attention to the mother’s nutrition, because everything that she has enters the body to the baby.In this case, the mother herself should go on a diet that excludes allergens. Also, there is an allergy caused by the mixture. For example, there is an allergy to lactose or other components of the mixture. In this case, it is worth replacing the usual mixture with a hypoallergenic one. If you are afraid to make a mistake, then it makes sense to consult a doctor. Do not exclude the possibility of irritation in the groin in a child
due to an allergic reaction. It can be caused by direct contact with the material of the podgaz, which contains allergenic substances, in this case, it will also contribute to redness and irritation
.But in any case, food cannot be ruled out!

If the child is already older and eats normal food, try to gradually remove from his diet foods that may cause an allergic reaction. For irritation treatment
caused by an allergic reaction are well suited drugs that can be sold in tablets or drops. The latter, by the way, are much more convenient to give to the child than pills. The leader among medicines for the treatment of mothers
is Zyrtec, since it does not cause drowsiness, which means it will not affect the sleep pattern of the little one.When choosing antihistamines, try to take this fact into account so that treatment
did not have a strong effect on the baby.

IMPORTANT!
Only a doctor can determine the dosage, the name of the medicine and the need to take it! Seek qualified help to avoid negative consequences!

For relief and treatment
irritation on the scribble
, as they like to call mommy’s intimate area
, it is worth picking up a cream that can remove redness and itching
(you will understand about it by the behavior of the crumbs).There are many ointments and creams that can do this. It can be Panthenol, Bepanten, Baneocin, or Zinc ointment. Recommendations for use are always in the instructions. If a doctor has prescribed any ointment for you, be sure to check with him the frequency and duration of use. In any case, remember, all of these drugs are medicinal. This means they have a clear effect on the skin and the healing process. Therefore, it is important to use them in strict accordance with the age and degree of skin irritation in the child.
.

Irritation in the intimate area of ​​the baby. Simple reasons

If you understand that you simply could not change the diaper on time and, as a result, received irritation on the baby’s skin in the groin,
then you can turn to traditional medicine. To relieve irritation and itching
baths with herbal infusions, soothing the skin, will help well
. For their preparation, they usually prepare a decoction or infusion of medicinal herbs ( chamomile, string, bay leaf, calendula
and many others) and add a baby bath to
( READ ALSO

:).Bathing is carried out for about 15 minutes, then the child’s skin is not washed with any detergents, but simply blotted with a diaper.

If you understand that the bath is not enough, then you can use the infusion for washing: washed the ass and pussy
(no matter boy or girl
), baby soap was used if necessary. After washed the skin with chamomile infusion
, for example. They dried and dressed. If you do this 3-4 times a day, then in a couple of days you can overcome even the most vicious irritation
.

If you find irritation on a child’s pussy,
Look At Baby Skin Care Products
– Maybe the creams you are using are not suitable for your child. Replace the cream with another, preferably fragrance-free, and pay attention to whether you are using it correctly.

Cream should be smeared on the baby’s bottom after each washing when changing a diaper. Apply the cream on dry skin (!). If child has very bad irritation with bleeding sores
or the baby rubbed the irritation to blood, then you cannot apply the cream to such damaged skin – this can only aggravate the situation.In this case, it is important to process, disinfect. Be sure to dry the skin and only then apply a small amount of cream or medicinal ointment to the crusts.

Before putting on a diaper on a child, let him lie down or run naked for a while – during this time the cream will be absorbed and your Treatment of irritation in children in the groin
will have the desired effect. Such air baths should be arranged for a child several times a day, regardless of diaper change. However, this will have a good effect on the child only if the room is warm enough, there are no drafts.That is, where the child cannot get cold.

Irritation in boys and girls

Irritation on the scribble in both boys and girls
can also be caused by insufficient quality of personal hygiene of the child. When washing and bathing, you need to gently but thoroughly rinse all the folds in the child’s groin
and wipe them dry. Excess moisture can cause diaper rash and cause redness and irritation
.

Before starting to wash, make sure that you have chosen the correct direction for washing in relation to the sex of the child. Watch the video on how to wash a boy and a girl correctly
to avoid errors:

Physical causes of irritation on a child’s pussy should not be ruled out.
. If the irritation is not very severe and is expressed as redness without sores or itching, it may be caused by uncomfortable clothes or diapers.

Around 90 345 1 year old children
usually begin to learn to walk, which means new movements, constant stress during which the baby can sweat. The wrong size of diapers can rub not only the legs, but also the very groin area of ​​the child, serve as a greenhouse for the formation of irritation on the bottom.

When the baby is already wearing panties, their size should also be chosen carefully and always monitor their cleanliness. It is important that the children’s panties are neatly sewn, do not sit too much on the child and do not have rough seams, especially at the points of contact of fabric in the groin of the child
.The same rules apply to the pants and tights your little one is wearing. In general, you need to try to choose clothes that will not squeeze or dangle freely while winding around the baby, creating discomfort.

In rare cases irritation in the perineum
is not caused by an allergy to food or cream, but to the laundry detergent you use to wash baby clothes, towels, diapers and bedding. Sometimes the allergen can be some components of the baby gel or bath foam.In any case, try to choose the most suitable cosmetics for children.

If, after eliminating allergens, air bath
are regularly held, and diaper firms and creams for them
have already tried everything, but is annoying
does not go away, then you should consult a doctor again. The child may be suffering from a skin condition, the treatment of which may include antibiotics and special ointments. Do not be afraid.It is better to get help in a timely manner and know how to proceed.

A pediatrician and a dermatologist will be able to give all recommendations for treatment to parents. If children
irritation
is caused by an allergy, but the pathogen was not found by excluding possible allergens, then the allergist will recommend that parents with a child take samples for allergens. These tests usually include many potential allergens that are difficult to rule out at random. When the diagnosis is finally made, parents will be able to tell exactly how and how to treat irritation.
: will it be simple remedies like ointments or allergy medications
, or you will have to take a course of antibiotics.

IMPORTANT!
If you understand that you cannot cope on your own with severe irritation in the groin area of ​​the child
– see a doctor. By identifying the cause, you can alleviate the baby’s condition and make your sleep restful.

Results

Causes of irritations in the intimate area of ​​a child
mass. The main ones include non-observance of washing rules, timely diaper change or allergy to cosmetics.By identifying the cause, you remove the consequences. Try to follow the diet, be sure to use air baths and do not pack the baby so that it is refreshed.
Common sense helps everywhere and your desire to create comfortable conditions for growth and development
crumbs. Listen to your baby, even at 4 months
he can let you know exactly what is bothering him and why!

Photo: free Internet sources

For all parents, without exception, the appearance of reddened and irritated infant skin causes anxiety.The baby is itchy, crying and naughty.

Today we will consider the moments of treatment of diaper rash in the groin and on the bottom of a child. In a nutshell, the most important thing here is to change diapers in a timely manner, gently and efficiently wash the baby’s bottom and groin. Let the skin breathe, and also treat it with healing ointments.

What is the reason for the appearance of diaper rash?

Parents do not need to explain what diaper rash looks like. This is an area with reddened, loose skin, in the groin area and in the area of ​​the baby’s butt.Diaper rash occurs in a humid acidic environment.

If you do not change diapers, diapers and other hygiene items for a long time. When combined, urine and feces trigger bacterial aggression. The bacteria release ammonia, which in turn irritates the baby’s skin.

How to properly wash a child

Do not use soap for this purpose. It is very caustic, even some kind of baby soap. I can judge by my grandchildren. Children are extremely sensitive to lye and start squealing right away.Their mucous membrane reacts most often with irritation. They wanted to wash it off, but in the end they increased the redness. So don’t use soap!

Soda water base

I advise you to get a special bottle – a spray bottle with soda water. Pour warm water with baking soda mixed into it. Dissolve a tablespoon of baking soda per liter and gently wash your baby’s bottom and groin.

Soda in combination with water will ideally destroy the acidic environment in the baby’s perineum, prevent the growth of bacteria, and make the skin moisturized.You yourself will notice it literally right away.

If you use baby wipes, then of course, try to take without fragrances and fragrances. Although I am against such procedures. Better soda water and paper blotters.

Dry your baby with a hairdryer

One of our friends dries a baby after washing it with a hairdryer. Sets the temperature to the lowest setting and blows on the baby’s skin. It is important to monitor the air flow and control its heating. Since the hair dryer can still give out a hot wind.The optimal distance is 25-30 cm from the skin.

Natural drying time

After you have washed the baby, let the skin breathe, let it just stay open for 10-15 minutes. Do not rush to immediately put on clean diapers or swaddle your baby.

The skin will begin to breathe, after soda it will be perfect. All diaper rash, if any, will go away very soon. The most ancient remedy, even in Egypt, soda rubdowns were an obligatory daily care. Now for some reason they have forgotten … So, I remind you.Soda is cheap, and the effectiveness is probably the best, plus there are no side effects from the skin.

Do not be afraid, soda water does not dry the skin, but helps to moisturize it, due to the release of fat from the sebaceous glands, that is, it starts the natural functions of the skin.

Zinc oxide protective ointment

Treat baby’s skin with zinc oxide ointment. Ask at the pharmacy, for sure there is a cheap option. The main thing is that this component should be included in the composition.This ointment has antiseptic characteristics. Once applied to the skin, it creates a buffer zone and prevents the development of bacteria and irritation.

Double protection for irritated skin

Look at the baby’s diaper rash. If it has small dots on uneven edges, and itself is bright scarlet, then in this case, treat the affected skin with hydrocortisone (0.05%) and antifungal (0.05%) ointments at the same time.

These ointments should be mixed equally and all areas with diaper rash should be treated.Allow the ointment to absorb for five minutes, and then apply the barrier cream, which I wrote about in the paragraph above.

It is better not to use Vaseline, as it will clog the diaper and prevent it from absorbing urine. That is, the opposite effect will turn out.

Treat the skin with these ointments at least three times a day.

Recipe for universal diaper rash cream

Nivea cream, antifungal cream, barrier cream and cornstarch should be mixed in equal proportions.Treat the baby’s diaper rash with the resulting cream every time after changing diapers.

Tray with warm soda water

Your child will feel better if you sit him for 5 minutes, three times a day, in a basin with warm soda water. You, of course, must be present too. For 5 liters of warm, +37 degrees, water, mix 5 tablespoons of baking soda.

I already described the principle of operation of soda above. The procedure is completed without rubdown, just let it run without diapers until it dries.

Fungicidal ointment for yeast

Sometimes diaper rash is confused with yeast infections. If the baby’s skin has pink rounded spots, and it looks scary, then treat the affected areas with fungicidal ointment. It is sold over-the-counter at pharmacies. Well, if she didn’t help, then hurry to the pediatrician.

When to see a doctor?

If the baby’s skin in the area of ​​diaper rash is covered with blisters, bleeding sores, then it is probably a staphylococcal infection.So we need antibiotics. See a doctor immediately!

Prevention of diaper rash

The best baby powder, if you use one, is cornstarch. Everything else, from the purchased ones, may not like your baby’s skin. You can also mix this starch with Nivea cream and treat the groin area.

Conclusions

If a child has diaper rash, it means that there is an acidic environment in the groin and around the priests, which promotes the development of bacteria and fungi.Timely alkaline treatment with soda water will most naturally return the acidity of the skin to the desired range.

Regular soda washing will eliminate the cause of diaper rash and all the creams will simply become unnecessary. Clean, breathable, naturally hydrated skin will signal that you are on the right track.

Boys’ hygiene

Girls’ hygiene

In a young mother, any redness of the baby’s skin, any irritation and even pimples can cause panic.The kid cries and is capricious, does not sleep well and sulks, his whole face expresses suffering. But, according to statistics, diaper rash in a newborn is a common thing. So mothers should not panic, but it is worth taking care of the prevention of such a nuisance as diaper dermatitis.

Mom’s blood will not suffer from unpleasant pains caused by diaper rash.

What is diaper rash?

The skin, in addition to its protective functions, absorbs oxygen molecules and emits carbon dioxide.In addition, the skin absorbs various substances dissolved in water (bathing in herbal infusion). Another of the most important functions of the skin is the removal of substances spent by the body. Any redness, acne, peeling already indicates that painful processes are taking place in the body. And the skin of newborns is so delicate and thin, too vulnerable to rough influences!

Any signals from the baby’s skin are a wake-up call for mommy.

The most common skin problem in babies is diaper rash and.Diaper rash can appear in different places:

• in the groin;

90,013 armpits;

• between the legs;
• behind the ears;
• on the neck;
• in the lower part of the tummy;
• on the pope.

Red rashes on the neck of the crumbs occur due to poor handling of the towel.

Diaper rash occurs due to increased moisture concentration and friction. When a baby sweats from overheating or lies in wet diapers for a long time, he may develop diaper rash.If the clothes of the newborn are made of coarse fabric or have seams, then chafing of the skin is ensured. Mom, first of all, babies should have comfortable clothes, and only then – beautiful!
It was not for nothing that earlier diapers and undershirts were sewn from old clothes of mothers or grandmothers, and the seams were external. This was not due to lack of money! This was due to the protection of the baby from diaper rash.

Degree of skin lesions

Doctors distinguish between three degrees of damage to the skin by diaper rash, and they are associated with the intensity of mechanical effects on it:

• First degree
  – redness without visible violations of the skin of the baby.
• Second degree
  – more intense redness, roughness of the skin. There may even be cracks, pustules and erosion!
• Third degree
  – intense redness, the skin gets wet, pronounced erosion and even ulcers!

Folds on the child’s body are moisture collectors, and, as a result, sources of burning and pain.

You understand how painful this condition is for the baby, and why he is crying! Burning, itching, fever in this part of the body causes unbearable pain! As soon as you notice the slightest redness, take immediate action!
The baby has the whole body in folds, and in any of them this process can begin.

Causes of diaper rash

As mentioned above, there are two main reasons – increased body moisture and friction. Why can moisture irritate you? Because excess moisture removes natural lubrication from the body, leaving the skin completely unprotected! It is open to infection and any aggressive bacteria. Here’s what can cause increased body moisture in babies:

• The diapers or diapers were not changed in time for the baby – and urine irritation turned out;
• Mom did not wipe the baby well after bathing – and moisture remained in the folds;

After water procedures, wipe the crumbs dry.

• The baby was sweating in a hot room or for a walk, but the mother did not pay attention to it;
• Mom wrapped the baby up so that she blocked the access of air to the calf.

And if you add the friction of the baby’s little body against rough clothes or diapers to the high humidity, the picture will become even more depressing. What about allergies then? An allergic toddler sweating in tight clothes is a little sufferer! The baby’s skin simply cannot withstand such terror and will be covered with sores!

Down with the diapers!

What to do? First of all, be attentive to every little detail.After all, what is a trifle for an adult can turn into a tragedy for a kid!

Speaking of diapers. If you notice that the reddening of the skin goes along the line of adherence of the diaper to the body, then this type of diaper needs to be urgently changed to another one. The skin reacts negatively to those substances that are in the composition of the product.

Treatment of redness and diaper rash

We have found out the causes of this childhood disease and its manifestation. Now let’s figure out how to deal with the disease.And it should be dealt with very quickly in order to prevent complications and the spread of redness to neighboring skin areas.

And it will soon pass!

The first degree of redness

No special treatment is required here. At this stage of the disease, the baby should be in dry diapers, be clean and dry. Make sure that the baby is not in a wet diaper for a long time, and change diapers every three hours. After urinating and defecating, the baby should be washed well, blotted thoroughly with a towel and lubricate the affected skin with baby cream or sprinkle with talcum powder.

Special miraculous ointments will speed up the healing process of inflamed areas.

Check every crease on the body
, so that moisture does not lurk there! Give your baby air baths as often as possible, especially during the warmer months. Some mothers dry their babies’ skin with a warm stream of a hair dryer. But this must be done very carefully !! If the rescue measures taken did not help, then lubricate the folds of the skin with the following means: Bepanten, Desitin, D-panthenol
.Ointment Baniocin has shown itself well
and zinc paste
. But it is still recommended to consult a pediatrician!

If your baby is unwell, he has problems with the digestion or the nervous system, the local pediatrician will definitely write out a referral for a general urine test. And we will tell you, without outside help.

Some mothers report that their child walks on tiptoes. Some do not attach any importance to this, considering such a gait to be the norm, others sound the alarm and immediately run to the doctor.In we will tell you all about the “ballet gait”: the reasons for its appearance and the ways of treatment.

Second degree of redness

If a baby has a second degree of skin lesion, it is dangerous to treat it on its own. Mom, although she wishes well for the child, can also harm because of ignorance. This is how it looks in the photo:

If you see such a picture, consult a doctor immediately!

After the examination, the dermatologist writes a prescription for the medicine and gives recommendations for skin care.Usually for the treatment of the second degree of redness, in addition to all the means mentioned above, use “talkers”, which include talc and zinc. The baby is prescribed ultraviolet radiation and the pustules are smeared with brilliant green or blue.

On the shelves of all pharmacies there is a simple remedy for skin inflammation.

Among the traditional methods of treatment, baths with decoctions of herbs and plants are used. But before that, you need to check how the baby reacts to herbs, and whether he is allergic to them. The best remedy – oak bark
. Oak bark disinfects and dries the skin, relieves irritation and strengthens the immune system. The absorption of tannins by the skin is most beneficial for healing. After bathing in a solution of oak bark, you do not need to rinse the baby, but you should blot the skin well with a towel.

Observe the proportions when brewing the medicinal solution.

A solution of oak bark is prepared as follows. Brew 4 tablespoons of boiling water (liter) and leave in a water bath for half an hour.The finished infusion is filtered and poured into a warm bath. It is not necessary to keep the baby in the bath for a long time, five minutes will be enough.

If the reddening of the skin forms a weeping crust, then you must not use a cream or oily ointment! Because they will cover the affected skin with a film and interfere with healing. Only a pediatrician can properly cure diaper rash of the second degree!

What not to do

Dear mothers trying to save their little ones by any available means, be careful! There are simply unacceptable methods of treatment that some unfamiliar well-wisher or granny can suggest.Let’s take a look at the dangerous methods of miracle healings.

Remember that the delicate organism of a child does not tolerate experimentation.

• Do not use starch to dry the crusts! When solidified, the starch rolls into lumps. You can imagine what torment a baby will experience when tough peas begin to rub his affected skin!
• It is impossible to independently appoint a baby herbal baths. The child may have a strong allergic reaction to “harmless” celandine or even chamomile!

Self-medication is contraindicated!

• You cannot test the healing methods suggested by well-wishers on a baby, trying one after another.Your baby is not an experimental volunteer patient!
• Do not use a polyethylene diaper to protect the crib, only a special oilcloth on a cotton basis.
• Remember that a baby can be irritated by all sorts of wet oil wipes in beautiful packages!

What to do

• Check with your pediatrician for the cause of the redness.

The doctor’s control over the situation will not hurt.

Opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

In the modern world, there is more and more talk about the dangers of diapers for the future health of children.A theory has been put forward suggesting that the “greenhouse effect” of diapers provokes future infertility. Dr. Komarovsky in the author’s book convincingly proved the absurdity of these assumptions and spoke in defense of diapers, proved the safety of their use. So, dear mothers, feel free to buy diapers for your babies and do not listen to alarmists!

Many young children suffer from constipation. Parents do not know how to help a newborn, they resort to various medicines.But sometimes they also remain powerless. In this case, only an enema can help. must be done with great care.

And what if the baby finally poo, but his poop is green? Young mothers begin to panic at the sight of such an unexpected symptom. we will tell you what to do if the stool turns green.

How to smear diaper rash in a dog

Dermatitis of skin folds (intertrigo) of dogs and cats – translated from A Color Handbook of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat

The text of the article and photos 1-4 from the book

A Color Handbook of

Skin Diseases of the

Dog and Cat 2009

Translated from agl.: Veterinarian Vasiliev AB

Definition

Dermatitis of the skin folds in dogs and cats is an inflammatory condition that occurs in the skin that is in close contact with adjacent skin.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Dermatitis of the folds of the skin in the area of ​​the lips, muzzle, trunk, genital fissure and tail are caused by an inflammatory process that occurs if a skin area is in close contact with another area. In this case, there is localized damage to the skin due to friction, inflammation and accumulation of superficial secretions, which leads to maceration and secondary infection.

Clinical manifestations

Dermatitis of the folds of the lips (Photo 1) is caused by the superimposition of excess skin on the lower lip. Excess skin forms cracks that trap food particles and saliva, creating an ideal environment for bacterial growth. The resulting superficial skin infection creates a foul-smelling odor that most owners mistake for a dental odor. The damaged skin is erythematous, sometimes ulcerated and sometimes covered with a small amount of exudate.

Dermatitis of the muzzle folds (Photo 2,3) occurs more frequently in brachiocephalic breeds such as the Pekingese, English Bulldog and Pug. The areas between the folds of the skin in the nasal region and under the eyes are macerated and inflamed due to lacrimation or accumulation of secretions of the sebaceous and apocrine glands. Secondary bacterial infection may occur.

Genital fold dermatitis is more common in obese animals that have small vulva deeply located among the folds of nearby skin.The accumulation of urine and vaginal secretions irritates and macerates the surrounding skin, leading to severe inflammation, secondary bacterial infection, and sometimes ulceration. Affected animals exhibit increased licking of the external genitalia and this is usually the primary concern of the owner.

Tail fold dermatitis (Photo 4) occurs more frequently in English Bulldogs, Boston Terriers and Pugs. This dermatitis results from the pressure and movement of their curved tail against the skin of the perianal region, as well as maceration that can occur in the folds of the skin around the tail.

Dermatitis of the folds of the body occurs in those animals that have excess skin that gathers in folds (eg Basset Hound and Shar Pei). The folds are most often found in the paws and trunk. As with other fold dermatitis, the accumulation of superficial secretions leads to inflammation and secondary skin infection.

Differential diagnoses

Diagnosis

1 Breed, sex, age, medical history, clinical findings; exclude other differential diagnoses.

2. Cytology (smears – prints): the presence of various bacteria and possibly fungi.

3. Urinalysis (cystocentesis): bacteriuria in dogs with vulvar fold dermatitis who have a secondary urinary tract infection.

Treatment and prognosis

1 A weight loss program should be initiated if the dog is obese.

2. Cleaning wipes (eg baby wipes, tampons, chlorhexidine content, other antimicrobial wipes) applied every 12 to 72 hours work very well.

3. Alternatively, standard topical treatments can be used to control skin problems. In the presence of dermatitis of the facial, caudal, folds of the lips and vulva, the damaged area should be cleaned every 1 to 3 days, as needed, with antibacterial shampoos containing chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide or ethyl lactate.

4 Topical application of antibiotic ointments, solutions or sprays every 24 hours for the first 5-7 days may be helpful.

5.Any concomitant medical condition (eg corneal ulcer, dental disease, gingivitis, urinary tract infection) should be treated.

6. Surgical removal of excess folds in the muzzle, lips or vulva or tail amputation in the presence of tail fold dermatitis is usually effective.

7. The prognosis is good, but life-long local treatment may be necessary if surgical correction is not performed.

Photo 1 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. A widespread area of ​​erythema and erosion in the fold of the lip in the Cocker Spaniel

Photo 2

Photo 2.3 Facial folds in the English Bulldog must be pushed apart to reveal the pyoderma folds.

Photo 4 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Erythema and alopecia around the base of the tail in a bulldog.

Photo 5 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Colonization of skin folds in spaniel with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Photo 5 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Superficial infection of the face folds in a bulldog.

Photo 6 Intertrigo. Pyoderma of facial folds in Persian

Photo 7 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Superficial infection of the tail folds of a bulldog.

Photo 8 Interdigital intertrigo with malassezial infection in an atopic boxer.

Photo 9 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats
.. Perivalvular dermatitis caused by bacteria and fungi of the skin surface

Photo 10 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. The same dog from Fig. 9. The perivalvular tissues were pushed apart to reveal a large area of ​​skin with alopecia, erythema and lichenification.This dermatitis was caused by a superficial bacterial and fungal infection

Photo 11. Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Shar Pei with its pronounced folds of the skin, which predisposes this breed to dermatitis of the skin folds

Photo 12 Dermatitis of the skin folds in dogs and cats. Adult Golden Retriever with vulvar fold dermatitis. The dermatitis was not evident until the fold of skin was pushed apart.

Photo 13 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Close-up view of the dog in picture 12. The skin fold was pushed apart, which revealed moist, with pronounced erosions, dermatitis.

Photo 14 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. An adult boxer with deep facial folds of skin. Dermatitis was not evident prior to examination of the skin folds.

Photo 15 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Close-up view of the dog in picture 14. The skin fold was pushed apart, after which moist erythematous dermatitis was found.

Photo 16 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. Dermatitis of the folds of the lips. The inflammatory lesion was not evident until the fold of the skin was pulled apart.

Photo 17 Dermatitis of skin folds in dogs and cats. The same dog from Fig.16 The lip fold was parted to reveal wet, erosive dermatitis caused by superficial bacterial infection.

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Question: The dog has diaper rash on the skin

Hello!

There can be many reasons for the symptoms you describe.Describe in detail the diet of the animal, indicating the ingredients included in it. When did you perform routine deworming? When was the animal vaccinated and with what vaccine? What vitamin preparations do you use additionally? This is very important diagnostic information. Provide it soon.

Please note that Chappi, Pedigri, Belkanda, Caesar feeds are not recommended for feeding dogs. Neither dry nor wet. These are very harmful feeds that can sooner or later provoke gastrointestinal diseases, allergies and quite often lead to the death of the animal.Sausages, milk, soups, borscht and everything else “what we ourselves eat” is inapplicable for feeding dogs. This rule is. Feed your animal either quality commercial food: Acana, Gina, Orijen, Hills, Royal Canin, Eukanuba, Go Natural, or Now Fresh. Or natural products: rice, oatmeal, buckwheat + beef, turkey, rabbit (but not in the form of minced meat) and stewed vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, beets). The percentage of meat in the main diet is at least 40-50%. Also remember that you should never mix natural food and industrial feed.Vitamins must be used with any type of food, for 1-1.5 months. 2 p. in year.

Apparently the dog has an allergic reaction complicated by opportunistic and possibly pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to revise the diet of the animal and conduct a cytological examination of the skin.

At this stage, we recommend temporary symptomatic treatment.

1. Ofloxacin 1 t. Int. 2 p. in the village up to 10 days
2. Suprastin 2 ml vm. 2 p. in the village up to 10 days
3. Serrata 1 t.ext. 2 p. in the village up to 10 days
4. Bathe the dog using the Cyteal. 1 time in 7 days. up to 5-7 times.
5. Local treatment with Chlorhexidine 2-3 p. in the village up to 14 days
6. TSA according to the instructions for the weight of the animal.
7. Plastic protective veterinary collar up to 14 days

Report the dog’s condition in 5-7 days.

Health to your pets!

Best regards, team “ Vetpraktika ”

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Irritation between fingers – Skin diseases, allergies, ears, eyes, paw pads – Labrador.ru dogs

Irritation between fingers – Skin diseases, allergies, ears, eyes, paw pads – Labrador.ru dogs – retrievers Jump to content

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Skin diseases in dogs: main types and smptomas

Dogs, especially taken from a kennel or on the street, rarely boast good health. But even quite a pets, which almost never leave the apartment, may well “please” the owner with something “like”. Skin diseases in dogs are especially unpleasant (in every sense), since some of these pathologies may well be transmitted to humans.

Causes

Almost all diseases are much easier to prevent than to try to cure them for a long time and dreary. We will help you with a description of the most dangerous predisposing factors that directly contribute to the rate of development of all diseases described in the article.

• First, the feeding. The dog’s diet should be balanced, with the right amount of vitamins and minerals. If the dog eats normally, then his skin will be all right.The diet must be approved by a veterinarian or an experienced breeder.

• The influence of the external environment should not be disregarded either. If a dog lives in a city, breathes dirty air and walks in the winter without a cape, when it is constantly doused with chemical reagents, it will definitely not have healthy skin.

• On the contrary, a long stay in an apartment with a complete absence of walking will also not end well.

• Genetic diseases.Some dog breeds (Bulldogs, Chow Chows) are particularly prone to inflammatory skin conditions.

Immune System Disorders

Many breeders often forget that the cause of an external manifestation must often be looked for within. In recent years, people and their pets are increasingly being diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, as well as hundreds and thousands of types of allergic reactions. Such skin diseases are especially common in small breed dogs. Many of them are genetically predisposed to them.

Atopic dermatitis is an ideal example of such a pathology. It is a manifestation of the body’s response to pollen, food allergens, and other substances that can be found everywhere. The disease is very widespread, in other cases affecting up to 15% of all dogs, regardless of gender, age and physiological condition.

Important! Atopic dermatitis differs from a common allergy in that in its case large, practically non-healing inflammatory skin lesions appear.

At the same time, first on the sides and abdomen, and then on the entire surface of the body, areas of baldness spread, where the skin peels off, bubbles with cloudy pus appear, and inflammation rapidly develops, which goes deep into the depths. Very often such dogs are at risk of fungal diseases. Treatment is complicated by the fact that sometimes it is extremely difficult to make the right diagnosis. Only a veterinary specialist should be involved in prescribing medicines, since the breeder simply will not have the necessary experience!

Other dermatitis

In general, dermatitis is an inflammatory disease of the skin (shown in the photo), and the reasons can be very diverse.We have just talked about the allergic variety, but it is just a grain of sand in the “friendly ranks” of this pathology. Here is a relatively detailed classification:

• Allergic (including flea).

• Traumatic (with constant exposure to the skin of some negative factor).

• Inflammation of the skin folds (in mastiffs, bulldogs, chow chow).

Flea dermatitis is the first in prevalence.As you might guess, it appears if your dog is bitten by small, hardworking bloodsuckers day and night. Their saliva is full of harmful substances, so it is not surprising that a response begins to develop in the body: the bite sites swell, turn red, and the general body temperature may rise. If the dog begins to comb them, then the matter is complicated by purulent dermatitis.

Do not forget about the contact varieties of this disease, when skin lesions are caused by the effect of some substance that has fallen on its surface.Most often, contact dermatitis manifests itself in the abdomen (there is little wool there) and is a response to a new shampoo (for example).

As for inflammation of the skin folds, it is difficult to notice the onset of the disease. At first, small diaper rash forms, which very quickly become infected and rot. From a sick animal there is a very bad smell, the dog’s temperature rises sharply. The main thing is to get the dog to the veterinarian as soon as possible, since the mortality from this pathology is quite high.

Diseases of fungal origin

There are several varieties, but all of them are more often combined into the group of dermatomycosis. Especially known is trichophytosis, which everyone knows under the name “ringworm”. Zooanthroponosis, that is, a disease transmitted from animal to human. Caused by a pathogenic fungus. Carriers can be both other sick animals and blood-sucking insects. Almost all dog breeds are susceptible to disease, but smooth-haired dogs become infected more easily.

Symptoms are quite simple: round, asymmetrically scattered spots on the surface of the body, the skin on the surface of which peels off, forming “cigarette ash”. Concentric circles formed in these places are also characteristic.

Treatment is quite specific and includes the introduction of therapeutic vaccines (“Vakderm”, for example), the application of Yam ointment and the introduction of griseofulvin. The latter substance is quite toxic, and therefore only a veterinarian should deal with its appointment.It is worth noting that with this pathology, you will have to wash the entire apartment (if the dog lived there) with the obligatory disinfection of bed linen, clothing and household items, since the fungus is very tenacious and easily “takes root” on a person.

Diseases caused by pathogenic ticks

Among them, the “honorable place” is occupied by demodicosis, known to many veterinarians. It is caused by several species of mites from the genus Demodex at once. Tiny parasites form huge colonies in hair follicles and sebaceous glands.Adult parasites are intensively foraging for their daily bread, devouring living cells, while the larvae feed on their already dead remains.

Symptoms are quite specific , which greatly facilitates the diagnosis in a veterinary clinic: it all starts with reddening of the skin and the formation of foci of baldness. Scales appear. Most often, the lesions are localized on the head. The disease progresses rapidly, pronounced scabs, bleeding erosion and pus-filled vesicles (pyoderma) appear.As a rule, the disease is not transmitted from dog to dog. They even set up experiments with the transplantation of the affected skin areas, but, with normal immunity of the puppy, nothing happened.

This disease is in some way unique, since veterinarians and doctors (yes, it occurs in humans as well) are still arguing about its causes:

• Some believe that any contact with a sick individual ends with infection.

• Others suggest that ticks of this genus are ubiquitous, but only if the immune system is weak, a dog or a person can get sick.

Oddly enough, but practice supports both of these concepts, since the disease proceeds in two forms at once:

• Focal, when there are three or four affected areas on the body. In this case, there are often cases of self-healing. This happens when the immune system is strengthened.

• Generalized form, in which many small foci merge, gradually covering the entire surface of the animal’s body.

The second variety is especially dangerous, since there is a strong intoxication of the whole organism, even deep layers of the skin are involved in the inflammatory process, parasites appear in the internal organs.If nothing is done immediately, the animal will be doomed. Treatment can only be carried out in a veterinary clinic. It is long and rather expensive, and often the disease gives relapses.

The distribution of sick animals by breed is also interesting:

• Rottweilers – 28%!

If you assume that the disease is also common in bulldogs (relatives of the last two breeds), then you are mistaken: in the “French” and “English” this pathology manifests itself in about 5% of cases.In a word, there is quite strong evidence of a genetic predisposition to the disease.

Dogs also have another dangerous disease caused by ticks. This is sarcoptic mange, the causative agent of which is itching. Females make moves in the thickness of the skin, which is why the animal experiences severe itching and itches violently, sometimes literally tearing the skin. The danger of the disease is also in the fact that it can be transmitted to humans, and therefore therapy involves the complete isolation of the animal, preferably in a clinic.

How can you tell if your pet is sick? First, numerous “nodules” appear on his face, which after a couple of days turn into bubbles, inside of which there is a slightly yellowish, transparent liquid. At this time, mites actively feed and multiply, gnawing passages inside the skin. The dog begins to itch, the bubbles burst. In their place, scabs and bleeding erosion form. There is also a more smoothed version of the development of the disease, in which a lot of dandruff forms on the skin, but the dog still experiences severe itching.

Once again, we warn you that all tick-borne diseases are dangerous for humans, and children are especially susceptible. If you notice in your dog at least some of the signs that we described above, immediately (!) Take him to the veterinary clinic and start thinking about how you will disinfect the entire house.

Seborrhea

In general, we have described almost all types of skin diseases in dogs that are most common in clinical practice. However, don’t forget about seborrhea.With this pathology, the work of the sebaceous glands of the skin is disrupted, the integuments become oily, there are many scales on them. The reasons may be different: most often the disease is caused by disorders of endocrine secretion, but it may well be a consequence of the same sarcoptic mange.

The first foci appear on the paws (more precisely, under them), and in the lower part of the belly. The greasy secret serves as an excellent breeding ground for microbes: all this rots and the “amber” around the dog is appropriate. In addition, the animal is constantly itching. It is unrealistic to cure this at home, so in this case you will have to contact a veterinarian.

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Pyoderma in dogs – BadAcne

Causes of infection

Pyoderma is understood as a group of skin diseases accompanied by purulent inflammation. The disease develops under the influence of factors leading to maceration of the skin – high humidity, folds, temperature, a decrease in immune defense.

As a result, the normal pathogenic flora is replaced and purulent inflammation develops. The predisposing factors of pyoderma include:

• inflammatory processes in the skin, subcutaneous tissue;
• flea dermatitis;
• scabies, itching;
• poor care;
• Disruption of the formation of the stratum corneum of the epidermis;
• metabolic disorders;
• resistance suppression;
• use of glucocorticoids and other drugs.

Dogs with short hair and folds on the skin are susceptible to pyoderma. The most pathological course is observed in German shepherds, in which the disease often does not respond to treatment, and during the course of constant relapses occur.

The genetic mechanism of inheritance of this predisposition has not been studied.

Pustular inflammation of the skin occurs against the background of allergic reactions, dermatitis, parasitic diseases, fungal infections. In the summer, there is an increase in the number of cases of pyoderma.

This is due to an increase in ambient humidity and temperature. And also observe frequent injuries of thorny seeds of plants when walking dogs.

With diaper rash of the skin, microbes do not touch living tissues, but are introduced into the surface layer of the epidermis – horny scales.If the infection is localized below the stratum corneum, then hair follicles and glands are involved in the pathological process.

Deeper infection leads to the formation of boils. This form usually develops against the background of primary pathology.

A major role in the pathogenesis belongs to severe itching, which causes skin trauma. Self-injury in dogs is associated with attempts to relieve itching and pain, but scratching the skin with claws leads to the development of a purulent infection.

Itching is based on allergies, itch mites, fleas.The disease occurs in all dogs, but is most common in these breeds:

• golden retriever;
• Labrador Retriever
• collie;
• German Shepherd.

During the diagnosis, various microorganisms are detected, the most common of which are Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Pasteurella. But their role in pathogenesis has not been studied.

This microflora is normal for most animals and does not cause a pathological condition.It is believed that a predisposing factor (allergies, parasites, injuries) leads to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of microbes.

All obese dog breeds and older animals are prone to pyoderma of the skin folds. Breed predisposition is noted in Sharpei, Spaniels, French Bulldogs. All these breeds are characterized by high skin folding.

Interdigital pyoderma is observed in hunting dog breeds. Excessive licking of the paws contributes to its development.Boxers have this type of pyoderma due to hypersensitivity. Often, when diagnosed, yeast and demodicosis are found.

According to the results of the study, veterinarians concluded that pyoderma most often develops in immunocompromised dogs. In addition, a provoking factor is a violation of the integrity of the skin.

Pathogens most often thrive in humid and warm environments. That is why in dogs, staphylococcal colonies are determined in the groin, tail, loop, on the neck and chest.

Separately, it should be noted that interdigital pyoderma develops as a result of splinters on the paws, small wounds, as a result of burns on the pads after walking on hot sand or gravel, as well as in the presence of injuries with spines entangled in the wool between the toes.

Remarkably, this form can cause not only staphylococcus aureus. It often develops due to the attachment of pathogens such as fungi and parasites.

Symptoms and Signs

The most striking clinical sign of pyoderma in dogs is the appearance on the skin of a large number of papules (pustules) that look very much like a common human acne.

Over time, they become brighter, and in the center of each of them a light speck forms – a brewing abscess. After opening the quiet pustules, the skin around is covered with a yellowish-brown scab, the hair in these places falls out.

This whole process from start to finish is accompanied by severe itching. Clinical signs include the fact that after the course of treatment, relapses occur in 85% of cases.

In breeds with short hair, pyoderma most often occurs in the form of impetigo.Outwardly, it is very similar to urticaria. That is why allergies are often misdiagnosed.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The disease is progressing rapidly – owners report that symptoms are recent. This is due to the fact that due to severe itching, the dog itself injures the skin, combing it with the claws of its paws. Scratching is not a primary change, the type of which depends on the type of skin lesion.

Three clinical groups of pyoderma are distinguished in dogs:

• diaper rash of the folds of the lips, vulva, tail, manifested by hot wet spots;
• superficial rash and follicular damage;
• deep pyoderma, accompanied by acne, lesions of the interdigital cleft.

Diaper rash in dogs appears in the area of ​​folded skin – on the sacrum, around the anus, on the muzzle, ears. These spots are well-defined with erythematous or ulcerative inflammation. The affected area is devoid of hair, covered with exudate or crusts.

Superficial pyoderma can develop throughout the body. Signs of deep purulent skin lesions are found on the back of the nose, chin, and paws.

The disease often occurs in an acute form, caused by itching, or staphylococcal skin infection.If the pathology is caused by an allergy, then as the itching decreases, the dogs will have a pronounced rash on the skin.

Pyoderma, which is a sign of endocrine pathology, is accompanied by increased thirst, increased urinary frequency, general lethargy, exhaustion. After elimination of the defeat of the metabolic organs, the itching passes along with the abscesses. Itching and other signs of skin lesions can indicate a variety of diseases, so it is important to conduct additional research:

• skin scraping is done to exclude scabies mites, demodicosis, microsporia;
• if these tests are unsuccessful, a bacterial culture is made to determine a bacterial infection and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
• allergic diagnostics is carried out – sensitivity is detected, various types of feed are eliminated step by step;
• laboratory diagnostics of immune and metabolic problems.

A) Superficial form of pyoderma.

3-5 days after the microbes enter the dog’s body, the animal develops painful sensations, and inflammation of the skin begins.

Very severe itching develops. It is important to make sure that the pet is combing the inflamed areas less, because because of this, microbes are introduced into the hair follicles.

Blisters of various sizes, yellow and red, appear on the skin. If you pierce such a bubble, then a liquid with an unpleasant odor will pour out of it.

The animal’s hair begins to fall out.

B). Deep form of pyoderma.

Due to the lack of the ability of the animal’s immune system to fight microbes, they spread throughout the body. This leads to inflammatory processes in various organs.

As time passes, the bubbles begin to expand, creating separate infested areas on the dog’s body. They have the ability to explode at any point on the skin of the animal.

Diagnostics, treatment and prevention

The disease can last for quite a long time, it can even go for several years.Diagnosis of pyoderma is based on clinical signs, biochemistry, and culture.

When making a diagnosis, the veterinarian must rule out other endocrine diseases and allergic reactions.

Treatment of pyoderma

Therapy begins with the removal of the hair. Hair is shaved over the entire affected area, capturing healthy tissue. Then the affected area is washed with chlorhexidine solution.you can use shampoos based on chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide, benzalkonium chloride.

Local and systemic preparations are used for treatment. Ointments, creams and sealed dressings (patches) should be avoided, as they will prevent the exudate from passing out and cause deeper forms of pyoderma.

Therapy of superficial spots is carried out using lotions, sprays with antipruritic effect, cooling effect. The following are used as an active ingredient in such preparations:

• menthol – 0.1-1%;
• camphor – 0.1-1%;
• thymol – 0.5-1%.

Astringents are used to reduce exudation. The skin of dogs is treated with a solution of aluminum acetate, tannic acid, potassium permanganate. Their effectiveness is expressed in superficial forms of pyoderma.

The use of alcoholic preparations should be careful. On the one hand, these agents are astringent and bactericidal, but they can also irritate the skin, increasing the local reaction.For processing, alcohol tincture of iodine, povidone-iodine, polyhydroxidine, benzyl alcohol are used.

The best results are obtained by a combination of antibacterial drugs and glucocorticoids. For the treatment of pyoderma in dogs, drugs with neomycin and prednisolone, genthocin aerosols, panolog, otomax are used.

The use of these funds should be limited due to potent corticosteroids – they are contraindicated in demodicosis and a number of skin diseases in dogs.

Local treatment allows you to remove crusts, improve blood supply to the skin in the affected area, reduce itching, and accelerate healing. Bathing dogs with special shampoos (containing chlorhexidine, ethyl acetate) is carried out 1-2 times a week.

Treatments with sprays and other drugs are carried out daily for pyoderma folds, acne.

As a systemic therapy, antibiotic courses are used:

• cephalexin – 20-30 mg / kg, 2 times a day, a course of 2-3 weeks;
• Ormetroprim and sulfadimethoxine – 27 mg / kg, once a day, for the first time a double loading dose is administered;
• lincomycin – 20-30 mg / kg, 2 times a day;
• amoxicillin – 15-20 mg / kg, 2 times a day;
• enrofloxacin – 5 mg / kg, once a day.

Treatment with systemic antibiotics is carried out in long courses of 2-3 weeks. It is also recommended not to stop giving antibiotics for another 7 days after the symptoms disappear.

While taking antibiotics, repeated examinations are carried out every week, if there is no improvement, then it is better to change the drug.

With pyoderma of skin folds, surgical intervention is often prescribed. Conservative treatment in such cases often turns out to be ineffective – in places of folds, high humidity is constantly maintained, which contributes to maceration of the skin and the growth of microorganisms.

Therefore excision of folds and plastic of the skin is indicated.

The main treatment for pyoderma is antimicrobial agents. The duration of the course varies from 2 to 6 weeks. Of course, ideally, first do bacteriological culture and antibiotic titration. This will allow the treatment to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

Pyoderma in dogs is perhaps the most common disease associated with bacterial skin infections. Most often it is caused by pathogenic staphylococci.

Pyoderma can be superficial and deep.

• With a superficial form, the hair follicles or all layers of the epidermis are affected
• With a deep form, even subcutaneous fat is sometimes involved

The owner should not try to treat his pet on his own. The owner can harm his dog.

If possible, you should seek qualified help from a veterinary clinic. But if this is not possible, and the disease has not yet had time to pass into a more severe stage, it is permissible to help the pet on your own.

Before proceeding with the assistance, it is necessary to remove the hair on the affected area. Then iodine or brilliant green is applied to the cleansed area.

For mild forms of pyoderma disease in dogs, treatment with these solutions will be sufficient. Diamond greens and iodine cause minor burns, so you need to continue treatment with streptomycin ointment.

It is necessary to fight not only the effect, but also the cause. It is necessary to destroy the parasites, pull out the splinter, cut the mats of wool, and so on.

Antibiotics for animals are required to stop the inflammatory process. The treatment lasts at least 2 weeks.

If the course is interrupted, a relapse is possible. The veterinarian should choose a medicine, as well as set the dosage.

In the most severe cases, the doctor prescribes Maxidin injections. The drug is mixed with lidocaine to make the administration of the drug less painful.

In order for the animal to completely get rid of this disease, the following course of treatment is carried out:

• Getting rid of the microbes that caused the disease begins.
• Increase the immunity of the animal.
• The next stage is the removal of all available pus from the body of the animal.
• Relief from itching and treatment of all wounds.

Note for the owners of a dog suffering from pyoderma: if the veterinarian is highly qualified, then he will necessarily take a bacteriological analysis from the animal.

This analysis is taken in order to determine exactly what microbe is in the animal’s body. In rare cases, analysis can be dispensed with, but not when the disease is at its highest stage of development.

Terms of obtaining the analysis result from 3 to 5 days.

A course of antibiotics is prescribed for the dog to get rid of germs. What antibiotics they will be depends fully on the type of microbes. To raise the immunity of the animal, a special diet is created, heavy loads are excluded and frequent, but calm walks are recommended.

Removal of pus from the body is possible only after completing the first two points of the course of treatment. Sometimes the pus is removed surgically.

Further, wound healing takes place, getting rid of the itching of the animal with the help of various preparations. After this, complete recovery occurs.

Preventive measures

Pyoderma in dogs is a factorial disease. Streptococci, staphylococci and other microorganisms are the normal flora of the skin in most cases and exhibit pathogenic qualities only in the presence of primary pathologies. Therefore, it is important to protect the animal from other diseases:

• regularly treat the pet from parasites;
• to do cleaning and disinfection;
• annually vaccinate;
• to carry out a clinical examination and, if necessary, carry out laboratory and instrumental studies.

The nutrition of the dog plays an important role. Obesity is a very important factor in reducing immunity.

In addition, pyoderma often develops in the fat folds of the skin. Feeding should vary depending on the loads received during work (for service dogs) and training, age, weight, physical condition.

The owner should take good care of his pet.

In order to prevent a decrease in immunity, you need to feed the dog with special food.You can not give the animal inexpensive, low-quality feed varieties. The type of food depends both on the breed of the dog, and on its age and characteristics of its body.

You need to feed your dog with quality food.

It is very important to take your pet for a walk every day. Walking should be long, but not too exhausting. If you plan to go outdoors, then you need to worry about protecting the dog’s paws in advance.

Observation by the veterinarian should be regular. This will help to timely diagnose and cure parasitic and invasive pathologies.

Wounds and cracks must be treated with special solutions that promote rapid healing and have a powerful disinfecting effect.

It is also necessary to regularly examine the skin and coat of the pet for the presence of ticks or fleas. If the dog is infected with parasites, treatment must be timely.

Some owners consider pyoderma to be a common irritation that will go away without veterinary help. However, self-healing does not always happen.The advanced forms of the disease can lead to the death of the animal. Pyoderma is much easier to prevent than to cure.

Good nutrition is the prevention of many serious health problems. Strong immunity will stop the disease at the earliest stages.

Sometimes a skin condition is caused by the absence of any food in the dog’s diet. Scratching the exposed skin leads to infection.

The owner must monitor which animals his pet comes into contact with in order to avoid infection.The dog’s body should be carefully inspected after each walk for the presence of ticks and other dangerous insects.

The animal must be protected from hypothermia. The appeared wounds, abrasions, burns and the like should be treated in a timely manner.

Do not forget about hygiene (water treatments, regular haircuts and combing).

How can you tell if your pet is sick? First, numerous “nodules” appear on his face, which after a couple of days turn into bubbles, inside of which there is a slightly yellowish, transparent liquid. At this time, mites actively feed and multiply, gnawing passages inside the skin. The dog begins to itch, the bubbles burst. In their place, scabs and bleeding erosion form. There is also a more smoothed version of the development of the disease, in which a lot of dandruff forms on the skin, but the dog still experiences severe itching.

Once again, we warn you that all tick-borne diseases are dangerous for humans, and children are especially susceptible. If you notice in your dog at least some of the signs that we described above, immediately (!) Take him to the veterinary clinic and start thinking about how you will disinfect the entire house.

Seborrhea

In general, we have described almost all types of skin diseases in dogs that are most common in clinical practice. However, don’t forget about seborrhea.With this pathology, the work of the sebaceous glands of the skin is disrupted, the integuments become oily, there are many scales on them. The reasons may be different: most often the disease is caused by disorders of endocrine secretion, but it may well be a consequence of the same sarcoptic mange.

The first foci appear on the paws (more precisely, under them), and in the lower part of the belly. The greasy secret serves as an excellent breeding ground for microbes: all this rots and the “amber” around the dog is appropriate. In addition, the animal is constantly itching. It is unrealistic to cure this at home, so in this case you will have to contact a veterinarian.

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Pyoderma in dogs – BadAcne

Causes of infection

Pyoderma is understood as a group of skin diseases accompanied by purulent inflammation. The disease develops under the influence of factors leading to maceration of the skin – high humidity, folds, temperature, a decrease in immune defense.

As a result, the normal pathogenic flora is replaced and purulent inflammation develops. The predisposing factors of pyoderma include:

• inflammatory processes in the skin, subcutaneous tissue;
• flea dermatitis;
• scabies, itching;
• poor care;
• Disruption of the formation of the stratum corneum of the epidermis;
• metabolic disorders;
• resistance suppression;
• use of glucocorticoids and other drugs.

Dogs with short hair and folds on the skin are susceptible to pyoderma. The most pathological course is observed in German shepherds, in which the disease often does not respond to treatment, and during the course of constant relapses occur.

The genetic mechanism of inheritance of this predisposition has not been studied.

Pustular inflammation of the skin occurs against the background of allergic reactions, dermatitis, parasitic diseases, fungal infections. In the summer, there is an increase in the number of cases of pyoderma.

This is due to an increase in ambient humidity and temperature. And also observe frequent injuries of thorny seeds of plants when walking dogs.

With diaper rash of the skin, microbes do not touch living tissues, but are introduced into the surface layer of the epidermis – horny scales.If the infection is localized below the stratum corneum, then hair follicles and glands are involved in the pathological process.

Deeper infection leads to the formation of boils. This form usually develops against the background of primary pathology.

A major role in the pathogenesis belongs to severe itching, which causes skin trauma. Self-injury in dogs is associated with attempts to relieve itching and pain, but scratching the skin with claws leads to the development of a purulent infection.

Itching is based on allergies, itch mites, fleas.The disease occurs in all dogs, but is most common in these breeds:

• golden retriever;
• Labrador Retriever
• collie;
• German Shepherd.

During the diagnosis, various microorganisms are detected, the most common of which are Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Pasteurella. But their role in pathogenesis has not been studied.

This microflora is normal for most animals and does not cause a pathological condition.It is believed that a predisposing factor (allergies, parasites, injuries) leads to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of microbes.

All obese dog breeds and older animals are prone to pyoderma of the skin folds. Breed predisposition is noted in Sharpei, Spaniels, French Bulldogs. All these breeds are characterized by high skin folding.

Interdigital pyoderma is observed in hunting dog breeds. Excessive licking of the paws contributes to its development.Boxers have this type of pyoderma due to hypersensitivity. Often, when diagnosed, yeast and demodicosis are found.

According to the results of the study, veterinarians concluded that pyoderma most often develops in immunocompromised dogs. In addition, a provoking factor is a violation of the integrity of the skin.

Pathogens most often thrive in humid and warm environments. That is why in dogs, staphylococcal colonies are determined in the groin, tail, loop, on the neck and chest.

Separately, it should be noted that interdigital pyoderma develops as a result of splinters on the paws, small wounds, as a result of burns on the pads after walking on hot sand or gravel, as well as in the presence of injuries with spines entangled in the wool between the toes.

Remarkably, this form can cause not only staphylococcus aureus. It often develops due to the attachment of pathogens such as fungi and parasites.

Symptoms and Signs

The most striking clinical sign of pyoderma in dogs is the appearance on the skin of a large number of papules (pustules) that look very much like a common human acne.

Over time, they become brighter, and in the center of each of them a light speck forms – a brewing abscess. After opening the quiet pustules, the skin around is covered with a yellowish-brown scab, the hair in these places falls out.

This whole process from start to finish is accompanied by severe itching. Clinical signs include the fact that after the course of treatment, relapses occur in 85% of cases.

In breeds with short hair, pyoderma most often occurs in the form of impetigo.Outwardly, it is very similar to urticaria. That is why allergies are often misdiagnosed.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The disease is progressing rapidly – owners report that symptoms are recent. This is due to the fact that due to severe itching, the dog itself injures the skin, combing it with the claws of its paws. Scratching is not a primary change, the type of which depends on the type of skin lesion.

Three clinical groups of pyoderma are distinguished in dogs:

• diaper rash of the folds of the lips, vulva, tail, manifested by hot wet spots;
• superficial rash and follicular damage;
• deep pyoderma, accompanied by acne, lesions of the interdigital cleft.

Diaper rash in dogs appears in the area of ​​folded skin – on the sacrum, around the anus, on the muzzle, ears. These spots are well-defined with erythematous or ulcerative inflammation. The affected area is devoid of hair, covered with exudate or crusts.

Superficial pyoderma can develop throughout the body. Signs of deep purulent skin lesions are found on the back of the nose, chin, and paws.

The disease often occurs in an acute form, caused by itching, or staphylococcal skin infection.If the pathology is caused by an allergy, then as the itching decreases, the dogs will have a pronounced rash on the skin.

Pyoderma, which is a sign of endocrine pathology, is accompanied by increased thirst, increased urinary frequency, general lethargy, exhaustion. After elimination of the defeat of the metabolic organs, the itching passes along with the abscesses. Itching and other signs of skin lesions can indicate a variety of diseases, so it is important to conduct additional research:

• skin scraping is done to exclude scabies mites, demodicosis, microsporia;
• if these tests are unsuccessful, a bacterial culture is made to determine a bacterial infection and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
• allergic diagnostics is carried out – sensitivity is detected, various types of feed are eliminated step by step;
• laboratory diagnostics of immune and metabolic problems.

A) Superficial form of pyoderma.

3-5 days after the microbes enter the dog’s body, the animal develops painful sensations, and inflammation of the skin begins.

Very severe itching develops. It is important to make sure that the pet is combing the inflamed areas less, because because of this, microbes are introduced into the hair follicles.

Blisters of various sizes, yellow and red, appear on the skin. If you pierce such a bubble, then a liquid with an unpleasant odor will pour out of it.

The animal’s hair begins to fall out.

B). Deep form of pyoderma.

Due to the lack of the ability of the animal’s immune system to fight microbes, they spread throughout the body. This leads to inflammatory processes in various organs.

As time passes, the bubbles begin to expand, creating separate infested areas on the dog’s body. They have the ability to explode at any point on the skin of the animal.

Diagnostics, treatment and prevention

The disease can last for quite a long time, it can even go for several years.Diagnosis of pyoderma is based on clinical signs, biochemistry, and culture.

When making a diagnosis, the veterinarian must rule out other endocrine diseases and allergic reactions.

Treatment of pyoderma

Therapy begins with the removal of the hair. Hair is shaved over the entire affected area, capturing healthy tissue. Then the affected area is washed with chlorhexidine solution.you can use shampoos based on chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide, benzalkonium chloride.

Local and systemic preparations are used for treatment. Ointments, creams and sealed dressings (patches) should be avoided, as they will prevent the exudate from passing out and cause deeper forms of pyoderma.

Therapy of superficial spots is carried out using lotions, sprays with antipruritic effect, cooling effect. The following are used as an active ingredient in such preparations:

• menthol – 0.1-1%;
• camphor – 0.1-1%;
• thymol – 0.5-1%.

Astringents are used to reduce exudation. The skin of dogs is treated with a solution of aluminum acetate, tannic acid, potassium permanganate. Their effectiveness is expressed in superficial forms of pyoderma.

The use of alcoholic preparations should be careful. On the one hand, these agents are astringent and bactericidal, but they can also irritate the skin, increasing the local reaction.For processing, alcohol tincture of iodine, povidone-iodine, polyhydroxidine, benzyl alcohol are used.

The best results are obtained by a combination of antibacterial drugs and glucocorticoids. For the treatment of pyoderma in dogs, drugs with neomycin and prednisolone, genthocin aerosols, panolog, otomax are used.

The use of these funds should be limited due to potent corticosteroids – they are contraindicated in demodicosis and a number of skin diseases in dogs.

Local treatment allows you to remove crusts, improve blood supply to the skin in the affected area, reduce itching, and accelerate healing. Bathing dogs with special shampoos (containing chlorhexidine, ethyl acetate) is carried out 1-2 times a week.

Treatments with sprays and other drugs are carried out daily for pyoderma folds, acne.

As a systemic therapy, antibiotic courses are used:

• cephalexin – 20-30 mg / kg, 2 times a day, a course of 2-3 weeks;
• Ormetroprim and sulfadimethoxine – 27 mg / kg, once a day, for the first time a double loading dose is administered;
• lincomycin – 20-30 mg / kg, 2 times a day;
• amoxicillin – 15-20 mg / kg, 2 times a day;
• enrofloxacin – 5 mg / kg, once a day.

Treatment with systemic antibiotics is carried out in long courses of 2-3 weeks. It is also recommended not to stop giving antibiotics for another 7 days after the symptoms disappear.

While taking antibiotics, repeated examinations are carried out every week, if there is no improvement, then it is better to change the drug.

With pyoderma of skin folds, surgical intervention is often prescribed. Conservative treatment in such cases often turns out to be ineffective – in places of folds, high humidity is constantly maintained, which contributes to maceration of the skin and the growth of microorganisms.

Therefore excision of folds and plastic of the skin is indicated.

The main treatment for pyoderma is antimicrobial agents. The duration of the course varies from 2 to 6 weeks. Of course, ideally, first do bacteriological culture and antibiotic titration. This will allow the treatment to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

Pyoderma in dogs is perhaps the most common disease associated with bacterial skin infections. Most often it is caused by pathogenic staphylococci.

Pyoderma can be superficial and deep.

• With a superficial form, the hair follicles or all layers of the epidermis are affected
• With a deep form, even subcutaneous fat is sometimes involved

The owner should not try to treat his pet on his own. The owner can harm his dog.

If possible, you should seek qualified help from a veterinary clinic. But if this is not possible, and the disease has not yet had time to pass into a more severe stage, it is permissible to help the pet on your own.

Before proceeding with the assistance, it is necessary to remove the hair on the affected area. Then iodine or brilliant green is applied to the cleansed area.

For mild forms of pyoderma disease in dogs, treatment with these solutions will be sufficient. Diamond greens and iodine cause minor burns, so you need to continue treatment with streptomycin ointment.

It is necessary to fight not only the effect, but also the cause. It is necessary to destroy the parasites, pull out the splinter, cut the mats of wool, and so on.

Antibiotics for animals are required to stop the inflammatory process. The treatment lasts at least 2 weeks.

If the course is interrupted, a relapse is possible. The veterinarian should choose a medicine, as well as set the dosage.

In the most severe cases, the doctor prescribes Maxidin injections. The drug is mixed with lidocaine to make the administration of the drug less painful.

In order for the animal to completely get rid of this disease, the following course of treatment is carried out:

• Getting rid of the microbes that caused the disease begins.
• Increase the immunity of the animal.
• The next stage is the removal of all available pus from the body of the animal.
• Relief from itching and treatment of all wounds.

Note for the owners of a dog suffering from pyoderma: if the veterinarian is highly qualified, then he will necessarily take a bacteriological analysis from the animal.

This analysis is taken in order to determine exactly what microbe is in the animal’s body. In rare cases, analysis can be dispensed with, but not when the disease is at its highest stage of development.

Terms of obtaining the analysis result from 3 to 5 days.

A course of antibiotics is prescribed for the dog to get rid of germs. What antibiotics they will be depends fully on the type of microbes. To raise the immunity of the animal, a special diet is created, heavy loads are excluded and frequent, but calm walks are recommended.

Removal of pus from the body is possible only after completing the first two points of the course of treatment. Sometimes the pus is removed surgically.

Further, wound healing takes place, getting rid of the itching of the animal with the help of various preparations. After this, complete recovery occurs.

Preventive measures

Pyoderma in dogs is a factorial disease. Streptococci, staphylococci and other microorganisms are the normal flora of the skin in most cases and exhibit pathogenic qualities only in the presence of primary pathologies. Therefore, it is important to protect the animal from other diseases:

• regularly treat the pet from parasites;
• to do cleaning and disinfection;
• annually vaccinate;
• to carry out a clinical examination and, if necessary, carry out laboratory and instrumental studies.

The nutrition of the dog plays an important role. Obesity is a very important factor in reducing immunity.

In addition, pyoderma often develops in the fat folds of the skin. Feeding should vary depending on the loads received during work (for service dogs) and training, age, weight, physical condition.

The owner should take good care of his pet.

In order to prevent a decrease in immunity, you need to feed the dog with special food.You can not give the animal inexpensive, low-quality feed varieties. The type of food depends both on the breed of the dog, and on its age and characteristics of its body.

You need to feed your dog with quality food.

It is very important to take your pet for a walk every day. Walking should be long, but not too exhausting. If you plan to go outdoors, then you need to worry about protecting the dog’s paws in advance.

Observation by the veterinarian should be regular. This will help to timely diagnose and cure parasitic and invasive pathologies.

Wounds and cracks must be treated with special solutions that promote rapid healing and have a powerful disinfecting effect.

It is also necessary to regularly examine the skin and coat of the pet for the presence of ticks or fleas. If the dog is infected with parasites, treatment must be timely.

Some owners consider pyoderma to be a common irritation that will go away without veterinary help. However, self-healing does not always happen.The advanced forms of the disease can lead to the death of the animal. Pyoderma is much easier to prevent than to cure.

Good nutrition is the prevention of many serious health problems. Strong immunity will stop the disease at the earliest stages.

Sometimes a skin condition is caused by the absence of any food in the dog’s diet. Scratching the exposed skin leads to infection.

The owner must monitor which animals his pet comes into contact with in order to avoid infection.The dog’s body should be carefully inspected after each walk for the presence of ticks and other dangerous insects.

The animal must be protected from hypothermia. The appeared wounds, abrasions, burns and the like should be treated in a timely manner.

Do not forget about hygiene (water treatments, regular haircuts and combing).

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Skin lesion with diaper rash is not scary: types and methods of treatment

The result of rubbing against clothing, increased sweating or irritation is called diaper rash.Diaper rash is inflammation caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses on a person’s skin. Formed between the folds of the skin in obese people, with regular rubbing, moisturizing with a secretion secreted by the skin.

About the disease

Regular irritation of the skin by clothing, rubbing the folds of the skin against each other when overweight, leads to the formation of diaper rash. Sweating and the secretion of skin secretions form regularly moist areas on the skin, which are additionally irritated by friction.Bacteria, fungal infections quickly spread to moist areas with increased overheating, causing erythema and skin lesions.

This problem occurs:

• in infancy;
• in elderly people;
• in bedridden sick people;
• in overweight people;
• in men and women with insufficient body hygiene;
• in people with increased hydration.

Under favorable conditions, diaper rash occurs in different places, between the folds of the skin on the body.

Conditions for the onset of the disease

Conditions for the onset of diaper rash:

• increased sweating;
• increased secretion of skin secretions;
• local overheating of the skin;
• urinary incontinence;
• bedsores;
• Friction of synthetic clothing against the body.

Constant heat, moisture and skin secretions create conditions for the development of fungal or bacterial skin infections.

Stages of the disease

In order to determine the presence of diaper rash, you do not need to be a specialist, its symptoms are specific and clear at a glance.In the mild stage, diaper rash is more likely to be a problem than a disease. However, further damage to the skin can lead to serious consequences that are already attributed to dermatological skin diseases.

1. At the first stage of the disease – erythematous diaper rash, with mild redness of the affected skin area. The problem area can be constantly moisturized due to intense sweating and sebum secretion. If friction, as such, does not arise, then the problem can be eliminated quickly, by independent efforts.
2. The second stage is redness and parallel irritation between the skin folds. Ignoring this stage of diaper rash can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the affected area of ​​the dermis. As a rule, not only hyperhydration and secretion, but also friction leads to such a stage of the disease. This can be skin rubbing against synthetic or just tight clothing, or skin against skin in the case of obese people.
3. The third stage is already positioned as a full-fledged disease. The affected area looks not only irritated and red, but also with cracks in the skin, as a result of which wounds are formed on the surface.If we consider that the skin area is not only affected by friction, but also by the presence of an infectious agent, then it can be assumed that home treatment will not bring results.

Also, skin lesions occur during urinary incontinence, this happens for obvious reasons. Constant humidity, the influence of the chemical composition of urine on the skin – all these factors create additional conditions for the occurrence of diaper rash:

• in the elderly;
• in infants.

Variants of the development of the disease

Consider all possible variants of the development of diaper rash and methods of their treatment:

• in adult men and women; 90,014 90,013 children; 90,014 90,013 old people;
• bedridden patients.

In adults

Diaper rash in adults is a problem that occurs regardless of gender. Inflammation of folds of skin or smooth skin occurs as a result of regular moisturizing of the skin, lack of air passage, and the development of fungal or bacterial infections.

Key points predisposing to the development of diaper rash:

• overweight;
• neglect of personal hygiene;
• diabetes mellitus;
• Low quality tight synthetic underwear.

When overweight, folds of skin are formed on the abdomen, between the intimate area and the inner surface of the thighs, between the buttocks, under the breasts in women. These closed, unventilated areas have increased hyperhydration, secretion of skin secretions and increased heat transfer.These conditions, together, lead to the formation of diaper rash.

In women

Women are prone to diaper rash under the breast and between the fat folds if they are overweight.

Diaper rash in women occurs in the form of redness, painful burning and chafing:

• in the folds of the groin area;
• under the bust;
• under the armpits.