What are the main causes of an inflamed colon. How can colitis be effectively treated. What preventive measures can reduce the risk of colon inflammation. How do different types of colitis affect the digestive system. What are the common symptoms of an inflamed colon. How is microscopic colitis diagnosed and managed. What dietary changes can help alleviate colon inflammation.

Understanding Colon Inflammation: An Overview of Colitis

Colon inflammation, medically known as colitis, is a condition that affects the large intestine, an integral part of the digestive system. This ailment can manifest in various forms, ranging from acute episodes to chronic conditions, each with its unique set of challenges and treatment approaches. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management strategies for colitis is crucial for maintaining optimal digestive health and overall well-being.

What exactly is colitis?

Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon, which can occur due to various underlying factors. The condition can affect different portions of the large intestine and may present with a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe pain and complications. Colitis can be classified into several types based on its cause, duration, and specific characteristics.

Common Causes of Colon Inflammation

The etiology of colitis is diverse, encompassing a wide range of factors that can trigger inflammation in the colon. Identifying the root cause is essential for determining the most appropriate treatment approach and preventing recurrences.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD is an umbrella term for chronic conditions characterized by persistent inflammation in the digestive tract. The two main types of IBD that can cause colon inflammation are:

• Ulcerative Colitis: A condition that primarily affects the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the large intestine.
• Crohn’s Disease: While it can affect any part of the digestive tract, Crohn’s disease often involves inflammation in the colon, potentially leading to colitis.

Microscopic Colitis

This form of colitis is characterized by inflammation that is only visible under a microscope. There are two main subtypes:

• Lymphocytic Colitis: Characterized by an increased number of lymphocytes in the colon’s lining.
• Collagenous Colitis: Distinguished by a thickened layer of collagen beneath the colon’s lining.

Infectious Colitis

Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can lead to colon inflammation. Common culprits include:

• Campylobacter
• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• Salmonella
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

Ischemic Colitis

This condition occurs when blood flow to the colon is reduced or blocked, leading to inflammation and potential tissue damage. It can be acute or chronic, depending on the underlying cause and duration of reduced blood supply.

Recognizing the Symptoms of an Inflamed Colon

Identifying the symptoms of colitis is crucial for early diagnosis and timely treatment. While specific symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of inflammation, some common signs include:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Diarrhea, which may be bloody in some cases
• Urgency to have a bowel movement
• Bloating and gas
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weight loss
• Fever (in cases of infection)

When should you seek medical attention for colon inflammation?

It’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent or severe symptoms of colitis. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice blood in your stool, severe abdominal pain, high fever, or signs of dehydration. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Diagnostic Approaches for Colitis

Accurately diagnosing colitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The diagnostic process may include:

• Physical examination and medical history review
• Blood tests to check for inflammation markers and rule out other conditions
• Stool analysis to detect infections or hidden blood
• Endoscopic procedures (colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) to visualize the colon and obtain tissue samples
• Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI to assess the extent of inflammation
• Biopsy analysis to determine the specific type of colitis, especially in cases of microscopic colitis

How is microscopic colitis diagnosed?

Microscopic colitis requires a specific diagnostic approach. Since the inflammation is not visible to the naked eye, a colonoscopy with biopsy is essential. The tissue samples are examined under a microscope to identify the characteristic changes associated with lymphocytic or collagenous colitis.

Treatment Strategies for Colon Inflammation

The treatment of colitis depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and individual patient factors. A comprehensive management plan may include:

Medications

• Anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., mesalamine, corticosteroids)
• Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, methotrexate)
• Biologics (e.g., infliximab, adalimumab)
• Antibiotics (for infectious colitis)
• Antidiarrheal agents (in some cases)

Dietary Modifications

Adjusting the diet can play a significant role in managing colitis symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Some dietary strategies include:

• Identifying and avoiding trigger foods
• Increasing fiber intake gradually (for some types of colitis)
• Staying hydrated
• Considering probiotics to support gut health
• Exploring specific diets such as low FODMAP or anti-inflammatory diets under medical supervision

Lifestyle Changes

Implementing certain lifestyle modifications can complement medical treatments and improve overall well-being:

• Stress management techniques (e.g., meditation, yoga)
• Regular exercise tailored to individual capabilities
• Quitting smoking
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Ensuring adequate sleep and rest

Surgical Interventions

In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options can include:

• Removal of affected portions of the colon (colectomy)
• Creation of a temporary or permanent ostomy
• Resection and anastomosis procedures

Prevention Strategies for Colon Inflammation

While it’s not always possible to prevent colitis, especially in cases of genetic predisposition or autoimmune disorders, certain measures can reduce the risk of developing inflammation or experiencing flare-ups:

Maintaining Good Hygiene

• Washing hands thoroughly, especially before meals and after using the bathroom
• Properly cleaning and cooking food to prevent foodborne infections
• Avoiding contaminated water sources

Dietary Precautions

• Eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet
• Limiting processed foods and excessive sugar intake
• Incorporating anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., fatty fish, leafy greens, berries)
• Staying hydrated with clean, safe water

Regular Health Check-ups

• Scheduling routine medical examinations
• Discussing family history of digestive disorders with healthcare providers
• Undergoing recommended screening tests, such as colonoscopies, at appropriate intervals

Stress Management

• Practicing relaxation techniques
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Seeking support from mental health professionals if needed

Living with Chronic Colitis: Long-term Management Strategies

For individuals diagnosed with chronic forms of colitis, such as IBD, long-term management is crucial for maintaining quality of life and preventing complications. Key aspects of long-term care include:

Adherence to Treatment Plans

Consistently following prescribed medication regimens and attending regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers is essential. This helps in monitoring the condition, adjusting treatments as needed, and catching any potential complications early.

Nutritional Support

Working with a registered dietitian can be beneficial in developing a personalized nutrition plan that meets individual needs while managing symptoms. This may involve:

• Identifying and addressing nutritional deficiencies
• Developing meal plans that avoid trigger foods
• Exploring the use of nutritional supplements when necessary

Psychological Support

Living with a chronic condition can take a toll on mental health. Seeking support through counseling, support groups, or cognitive-behavioral therapy can help in coping with the emotional aspects of colitis.

Monitoring for Complications

Chronic colitis can increase the risk of certain complications, including:

• Colorectal cancer
• Malnutrition
• Osteoporosis
• Liver diseases

Regular screenings and check-ups are crucial for early detection and management of these potential complications.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Colitis Treatment

The field of gastroenterology is continuously evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving our understanding and treatment of colitis. Some promising areas of investigation include:

Microbiome Research

Studies exploring the role of gut bacteria in colon health and inflammation may lead to new therapeutic approaches, such as targeted probiotics or microbiome modulation techniques.

Personalized Medicine

Advances in genetic testing and biomarker identification may enable more tailored treatment approaches, allowing for better prediction of treatment responses and side effects.

Novel Therapeutic Targets

Research into new biological pathways involved in colon inflammation may lead to the development of more targeted and effective medications with fewer side effects.

Stem Cell Therapy

Preliminary studies on the use of mesenchymal stem cells for treating inflammatory bowel diseases show promise, potentially offering new options for patients with refractory colitis.

Navigating Life with Colitis: Practical Tips and Considerations

Living with colitis requires adapting various aspects of daily life to manage symptoms and maintain overall health. Here are some practical tips for individuals dealing with colon inflammation:

Travel Preparations

• Research medical facilities at your destination
• Carry necessary medications and documentation
• Pack snacks and water to avoid potential trigger foods
• Consider travel insurance that covers pre-existing conditions

Work and Social Life

Open communication with employers and colleagues about your condition can help in creating a supportive work environment. This may include:

• Discussing potential accommodations, such as flexible work hours or proximity to restrooms
• Educating close friends and family about your condition to foster understanding and support
• Planning social activities that accommodate your dietary needs and energy levels

Pregnancy and Colitis

For individuals with colitis who are considering pregnancy, it’s important to:

• Consult with both a gastroenterologist and obstetrician before conceiving
• Discuss medication safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Manage the condition proactively to reduce the risk of flare-ups during pregnancy

Alternative and Complementary Therapies

While scientific evidence varies, some individuals find relief through complementary approaches such as:

• Acupuncture
• Herbal supplements (under medical supervision)
• Mind-body practices like tai chi or mindfulness meditation

It’s crucial to discuss any alternative treatments with your healthcare provider to ensure they don’t interfere with your primary treatment plan.

By implementing these strategies and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals with colitis can effectively manage their condition and maintain a good quality of life. Ongoing research and advancements in treatment options offer hope for improved outcomes and potentially new approaches to managing colon inflammation in the future.

Inflamed colon: Causes, treatment, and prevention

The colon is another term for the large intestine. It is part of the digestive tract, which consists of several organs through which food and liquid pass. In some circumstances, a person’s colon may become inflamed.

A doctor may refer to the inflammation of the colon as colitis. This may occur over the short-term or as part of a chronic condition. A person with an inflamed colon will likely have additional symptoms, such as abdominal cramping and diarrhea.

This article explores the causes of an inflamed colon, and how to treat and prevent the inflammation.

Share on PinterestThere are many possible reasons why a person may experience an inflamed colon.

There are several different reasons why a person’s colon may become inflamed. Some of these include:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for conditions that cause the digestive system to inflame. Some examples include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition where both the colon and rectum become inflamed and develop ulcers. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) state there several possible causes of ulcerative colitis:

Autoimmune disorder: Certain bacteria or viruses may cause the immune system to mistakenly attack the colon, which causes inflammation.

Genes: Sometimes, the condition may run in families, which suggests it may be due to a defective gene. However, more research is needed to explore whether genes play a part in causing ulcerative colitis.

Environment: Certain factors, such as consuming a high-fat diet, taking antibiotics, or oral contraceptives, may increase a person’s chances of developing ulcerative colitis.

Crohn’s disease

Similar to ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease can also affect the colon. However, it may also affect other parts of the digestive tract.

Currently, the causes of Crohn’s disease are unknown. However, factors, such as stress and a person’s diet, may cause flare-ups.

Microscopic colitis

Microscopic colitis is another cause of colon inflammation. To identify this condition, a healthcare provider must examine the colon tissue under a microscope.

There are two types of microscopic colitis: lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. The symptoms and treatments of both types are the same. Some doctors suggest they may be different phases of the same condition, rather than separate diseases.

Experts are uncertain about what causes microscopic colitis, but most scientists believe it may be due to an abnormal immune response to bacteria in the colon.

Click here to learn more about dietary changes for microscopic colitis.

Infection

Colon inflammation could also arise from infection from certain bacteria such as campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E.coli), or salmonella. A person may contract an infection in the following circumstances:

Contaminated water: If a person drinks contaminated water or swims in contaminated lakes or rivers.

Poor hygiene: If a person handles raw meat and then touches their mouth. Additionally, people may contract an infection by cross-contaminating food areas. For example, if they use the same area or utensil for raw meat and salad without washing it in between.

Foodborne illnesses: A person may develop an infection if they eat raw or undercooked foods.

Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis is a condition that causes a reduction in blood flow to the colon. This can develop over time in chronic cases, or come on suddenly as an acute condition. The condition occurs when the blood vessels narrow or become blocked.

Due to a lack of blood flow, the digestive system cells do not receive enough oxygen, which may result in tissue death. Treatment options depend on the severity but may include managing the underlying cause, or surgery.

Different conditions that trigger the inflammation may produce their own unique symptoms. However, a person with colon inflammation may experience the following general symptoms:

• bloating
• diarrhea
• nausea
• fatigue
• vomiting
• flatulence
• abdominal pain

In more severe cases, a person may experience:

• weight loss
• dehydration
• diarrhea with blood

As IBD may have a genetic element, there is currently no proven way to prevent it. Therefore, people with the condition cannot completely prevent flare-ups. However, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation suggest the following tips:

• exercising
• quitting smoking
• reducing stress
• eating a healthful diet
• reducing alcohol intake
• monitoring and tracking the condition

To avoid colitis from infected foods, a person may consider the following:

• If eating out, check the hygiene rating of the restaurant.
• Never using the same utensils or surfaces for raw meat and vegetables without cleaning them first.
• Washing hands after handling raw meat.
• Storing raw meat in the refrigerator.
• If traveling abroad, a person may consider drinking bottled water instead of tap water.

A person should see their doctor if symptoms worsen, or if diarrhea lasts longer than 2 days. If diarrhea is chronic or contains blood, a doctor may need a stool sample.

If people experience sudden and severe abdominal pain, this may be a sign of a serious condition. In this instance, they should seek emergency medical treatment.

Inflammation of the colon, or colitis, may occur for many reasons. It may be due to a short-term infection from consuming contaminated food, or a sign of a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Colitis symptoms may include abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and bloating. A person should see a doctor if their symptoms become severe or if diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours.

Inflamed colon: Causes, treatment, and prevention

The colon is another term for the large intestine. It is part of the digestive tract, which consists of several organs through which food and liquid pass. In some circumstances, a person’s colon may become inflamed.

A doctor may refer to the inflammation of the colon as colitis. This may occur over the short-term or as part of a chronic condition. A person with an inflamed colon will likely have additional symptoms, such as abdominal cramping and diarrhea.

This article explores the causes of an inflamed colon, and how to treat and prevent the inflammation.

Share on PinterestThere are many possible reasons why a person may experience an inflamed colon.

There are several different reasons why a person’s colon may become inflamed. Some of these include:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for conditions that cause the digestive system to inflame. Some examples include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition where both the colon and rectum become inflamed and develop ulcers. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) state there several possible causes of ulcerative colitis:

Autoimmune disorder: Certain bacteria or viruses may cause the immune system to mistakenly attack the colon, which causes inflammation.

Genes: Sometimes, the condition may run in families, which suggests it may be due to a defective gene. However, more research is needed to explore whether genes play a part in causing ulcerative colitis.

Environment: Certain factors, such as consuming a high-fat diet, taking antibiotics, or oral contraceptives, may increase a person’s chances of developing ulcerative colitis.

Crohn’s disease

Similar to ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease can also affect the colon. However, it may also affect other parts of the digestive tract.

Currently, the causes of Crohn’s disease are unknown. However, factors, such as stress and a person’s diet, may cause flare-ups.

Microscopic colitis

Microscopic colitis is another cause of colon inflammation. To identify this condition, a healthcare provider must examine the colon tissue under a microscope.

There are two types of microscopic colitis: lymphocytic and collagenous colitis. The symptoms and treatments of both types are the same. Some doctors suggest they may be different phases of the same condition, rather than separate diseases.

Experts are uncertain about what causes microscopic colitis, but most scientists believe it may be due to an abnormal immune response to bacteria in the colon.

Click here to learn more about dietary changes for microscopic colitis.

Infection

Colon inflammation could also arise from infection from certain bacteria such as campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E. coli), or salmonella. A person may contract an infection in the following circumstances:

Contaminated water: If a person drinks contaminated water or swims in contaminated lakes or rivers.

Poor hygiene: If a person handles raw meat and then touches their mouth. Additionally, people may contract an infection by cross-contaminating food areas. For example, if they use the same area or utensil for raw meat and salad without washing it in between.

Foodborne illnesses: A person may develop an infection if they eat raw or undercooked foods.

Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis is a condition that causes a reduction in blood flow to the colon. This can develop over time in chronic cases, or come on suddenly as an acute condition. The condition occurs when the blood vessels narrow or become blocked.

Due to a lack of blood flow, the digestive system cells do not receive enough oxygen, which may result in tissue death. Treatment options depend on the severity but may include managing the underlying cause, or surgery.

Different conditions that trigger the inflammation may produce their own unique symptoms. However, a person with colon inflammation may experience the following general symptoms:

• bloating
• diarrhea
• nausea
• fatigue
• vomiting
• flatulence
• abdominal pain

In more severe cases, a person may experience:

• weight loss
• dehydration
• diarrhea with blood

As IBD may have a genetic element, there is currently no proven way to prevent it. Therefore, people with the condition cannot completely prevent flare-ups. However, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation suggest the following tips:

• exercising
• quitting smoking
• reducing stress
• eating a healthful diet
• reducing alcohol intake
• monitoring and tracking the condition

To avoid colitis from infected foods, a person may consider the following:

• If eating out, check the hygiene rating of the restaurant.
• Never using the same utensils or surfaces for raw meat and vegetables without cleaning them first.
• Washing hands after handling raw meat.
• Storing raw meat in the refrigerator.
• If traveling abroad, a person may consider drinking bottled water instead of tap water.

A person should see their doctor if symptoms worsen, or if diarrhea lasts longer than 2 days. If diarrhea is chronic or contains blood, a doctor may need a stool sample.

If people experience sudden and severe abdominal pain, this may be a sign of a serious condition. In this instance, they should seek emergency medical treatment.

Inflammation of the colon, or colitis, may occur for many reasons. It may be due to a short-term infection from consuming contaminated food, or a sign of a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Colitis symptoms may include abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and bloating. A person should see a doctor if their symptoms become severe or if diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours.

causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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Colitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Colitis is the general term for a group of disorders characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa.

Causes of colitis

Colitis can develop as a result of infection, insufficiency of blood supply to the intestine (ischemia), drug damage, is secondary to immunodeficiency conditions, can occur after radiation therapy of the pelvic organs in gynecological, urological and rectal cancer.

Inflammation of the colonic mucosa is characteristic of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Microscopic colitis is also distinguished, in which the data of X-ray and endoscopic examinations of the intestine do not show abnormalities, and signs of inflammation are determined by biopsy.

Infectious lesions of the intestine can be caused by bacteria (most often Campylobacter jejuni ), viruses, protozoa and parasites. Infection with bacteria Campylobacter jejuni occurs as a result of eating dirty food or water. The development of colitis depends on the number of bacteria that have entered the intestines, their virulence (the ability to cause disease) and the person’s immunity. The incubation period is 2-4 days. Bacteria multiply in bile, and then penetrate through the mucous membrane into the intestine, causing severe inflammation.

Other bacterial pathogens are Salmonella, Shigella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The reason for the development of infectious colitis in patients with weakened immunity, in patients with blood diseases, neoplasms, radiation sickness can be conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (representatives of normal intestinal microflora) – staphylococci, proteas, E. coli.

The toxin-producing anaerobic bacteria Clostridium difficile cause pseudomembranous colitis. The disease occurs against the background of changes in the normal intestinal microflora, mainly under the influence of antibiotics (cephalosporins, beta-lactam drugs), which inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and ensure the growth of Clostridium difficile .

Among the viruses that can cause colitis, cytomegalovirus is distinguished, among the protozoa – dysenteric amoeba ( Entamoeba histolytica ). Parasites whose vital activity results in colitis include pinworms, roundworms, whipworms, among those circulating in the blood are schistosomes.

Ischemic colitis occurs when there is insufficient blood supply to the large intestine, which leads to inflammation of the mucosa, the appearance of ulcers and hemorrhages.

The longer the interruption of blood supply, the more severely the intestines are affected. With the resumption of normal circulation, a reperfusion syndrome may occur, which leads to further severe damage to the intestine. Patients with ischemic colitis usually suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart failure, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation), may have malignant neoplasms and pathologies of the blood coagulation system leading to thrombosis. In addition, ischemic intestinal damage is determined during the so-called iatrogenic (medical care-related) interventions – operations to eliminate an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, in preparation for colonoscopy or during its implementation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, proton pump inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins, immunosuppressive drugs can lead to drug-induced colitis.

The development of microscopic colitis is associated with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, and thyroid dysfunction. There are two main subtypes of microscopic colitis – collagenous and lymphocytic.

UC and CD are classified as so-called inflammatory bowel diseases. The exact causes of the development of these diseases are unknown, however, it is likely that damage to the intestinal wall in UC is accompanied by an autoimmune reaction with the production of antibodies to the intestinal cells. Among the reasons for the development of CD, hereditary, infectious, immunological, etc. are discussed, but none of the theories is currently absolutely confirmed.

Classification of the disease

In addition to the etiological (causal) factor, colitis is divided depending on the severity of the process (acute and chronic) and severity. Chronic colitis is classified according to the nature of the course of the disease (continuous, recurrent, intermittent) and phases (exacerbation or remission). Depending on how the large intestine is affected in chronic colitis, typhlitis (inflammation of the caecum), transversitis (inflammation of the transverse colon), sigmoiditis (inflammation of the sigmoid colon), proctitis (inflammation of the rectum), angular colitis (left and right-sided depending on the affected bend of the transverse colon), and often they can be combined (proctosigmoiditis). With pancolitis, all parts of the large intestine are affected.

Symptoms of colitis

Acute colitis is accompanied by severe pain, patients report pain and cramps in the abdomen and rectum (tenesmus). Chronic inflammation is characterized by colic and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. Patients may experience constipation, watery diarrhea, sometimes with blood and mucus, turbulence in the abdomen, false urge to defecate, fatigue, fever.

In Crohn’s disease, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, anemia, lesions of the anal and perianal region with the formation of fistulas, ulcers, anal fissures are present. Often there are extraintestinal manifestations – arthritis, eye lesions, aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum – these lesions are noted in a third of patients with CD and are inextricably linked with intestinal inflammation.

The clinical picture of ulcerative colitis also includes pain, tenesmus, blood in the stool and diarrhea at night. As in CD, the development of UC is accompanied by extraintestinal lesions of the skin, oral cavity, joints, and organs of vision.

Colitis diagnostics

Diagnosis of colitis is based on clinical and laboratory data, endoscopy and biopsy.

First of all, it is necessary to conduct microbiological studies and cultures to rule out infection.

• Coprogram.

Koprogramma, Stool

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc.).
We recommend that you check the details…

Up to 4 business days

Available with home visit

725 RUB

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Campylobacter spp. culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing

The method of bacteriological examination of feces in order to detect and identify the causative agents of campylobacteriosis.

Campylobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori) was discovered by Marsha. ..

Up to 5 working days

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RUB 1,490

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Culture for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and antimicrobial susceptibility test

Diagnosis of the etiology of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Escherichia coli (or simply E.coli) are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. …

Up to 6 business days

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RUB 1,260

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Culture for pathogenic intestinal flora and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs

Determination of the etiology of ACID (acute intestinal infectious disease) and the choice of rational antibiotic therapy.

Rational therapy of dysentery is based …

Up to 6 business days

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1 200 RUB

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Fecal analysis for protozoa (PRO stool)

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc.).
We recommend clarifying the in…

Up to 1 business day

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RUB 570

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Fecal analysis for helminth eggs (helminth eggs)

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc. ).
We recommend clarifying the in…

Up to 1 business day

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RUB 570

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Clostridium difficile culture

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc.).
We recommend clarifying the in…

Up to 6 business days

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RUB 1,490

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In addition, the following tests are recommended:

• fecal occult blood test;

Fecal occult blood (colorectal bleeding), quantitative immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test FOB Gold

Synonyms: Fecal occult blood test.
Occult blood in feces (colorectal bleeding), quantitative immunoassay FOB Gold; FOB Gold Test.
Brief description of the study “Occult blood in the feces (colorectal cells)

Up to 3 business days

Available with home visit

840 RUB

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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA Ig G (Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with indication of the type of luminescence – cytoplasmic or perinuclear, pANCA and cANCA, IgG)

Test used in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis.

In the study of serum by indirect immunofluorescence using fixed…

Up to 9working days

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2 395 RUB

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To make a final diagnosis, endoscopic examination with biological material sampling (biopsy) is required:

• colonoscopy with sedation;

Colonoscopy with sedation (sleep)

Therapeutic and diagnostic method for examining the large intestine, during which, if necessary, minor surgical intervention (biopsy) can be performed. ..

RUB 10,790

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Gastroscopy with sedation (during sleep)

Diagnostic examination of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

RUB 8,740

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Rectosigmoscopy

Endoscopic examination of a section of the large intestine, which allows obtaining information about its condition and detecting various pathologies.

RUB 3,290

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Which doctors to contact

If you experience abdominal pain, stool disorders, symptoms of general intoxication, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, weakness, you should contact

general practitioner

who will choose the scope of necessary examinations and treatment, as well as determine the need for consultation of narrow specialists:

gastroenterologist

,

oncologist

proctologist.

Treatment of colitis

Some infectious colitis require antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are indicated for patients with dysentery and high fever, malignant neoplasms, AIDS patients, patients after transplantation, prosthetics, valvular heart disease and the elderly.

For mild to moderate cases of Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis, metronidazole is the preferred treatment. In severe cases, vancomycin is recommended. In complicated cases – oral administration of vancomycin with intravenous administration of metronidazole.

Cytomegalovirus colitis is treated with valganciclovir; the duration of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the clinical picture and laboratory parameters.

The goal of therapy for NUC and BK is to achieve and maintain remission, prevent complications, timely appointment of surgical treatment, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Treatment options for UC include medication, surgery, psychosocial support, and dietary advice. The basis of conservative therapy are preparations of 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, but a complete cure is achieved only through surgical intervention.

CD therapy is based on steroid hormones, salicylates, immunosuppressants and antibacterial drugs. Unlike NUC, in Crohn’s disease, surgical treatment, unfortunately, does not lead to a cure for patients, and its goal is to combat complications and improve the quality of life of patients when this cannot be achieved with medications.

Patients with ischemic bowel disease without signs of peritonitis (inflammation of the serous lining of the abdominal cavity) are indicated for drug treatment with replenishment of circulating blood volume and optimization of heart function, antibiotic therapy, oxygen support and intravenous nutrition to ensure peace of the intestine. In case of insufficiency of drug treatment and the development of peritoneal signs or intestinal perforation, bowel resection is required.

Complications

Complications of colitis include:

• perforation (through damage to the wall) of the intestine,
• strictures (narrowings) of the intestine, fistulas, abscesses and intestinal obstruction,
• fecal incontinence,
• skin fistulas, especially in Crohn’s disease,
• inflammatory complications after surgery for UC and CD,
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (for Campylobacter jejuni colitis, cytomegalovirus colitis and UC),
• hemolytic uremic syndrome (with enterohemorrhagic E. coli, with shigellosis),
• encephalopathy, convulsions (with shigellosis),
• Toxic megacolon is a rare complication of colitis characterized by total or segmental expansion of the large intestine, which is not associated with obstruction (obstruction), but is caused by systemic intoxication. The overall mortality rate for this complication reaches 19%. Ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis are complicated by toxic megacolon in more than 60% of cases.

Colitis prevention

As a preventive measure for inflammatory bowel diseases, general measures are recommended: compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and the regime of work and rest, a healthy diet, timely preventive examinations and treatment of chronic diseases. Mironov I. L., Ratnikova L. I., Pirogov D. V., Milchenko I. B. Colitis associated with C. Difficile. Experimental and clinical gastroenterology, journal. Issue 111, No. 11, 2014. P. 65-69.

Clinical guidelines “Ulcerative colitis (adults). Developed by: Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Association of Coloproctologists. – 2020.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes over time, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Top 5 causes of proctitis

Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectal mucosa. The latter is a muscular tube that is connected to the final part of the large intestine. Before feces are excreted from the body, they accumulate in the rectum.

Symptoms of proctitis are not pleasant – they cause pain in the intestines and a constant feeling that a person needs to go to the toilet. They may be short-term or chronic. In this article, we will look at who is most at risk of suffering from this disease and how to treat it.

There are many causes for this disorder.

1. Sexually transmitted infections,
2. Inflammatory bowel disease,
3. Radiation therapy,
4. Trauma to the rectum or anus,
5. Individual antibiotics.

Infections

Sexually transmitted infections can cause proctitis. If a person has had anal sex with an infected person, their rectum may become inflamed. The most common sexually transmitted infections that cause proctitis include:

• Gonorrhea,
• Chlamydia,
• Syphilis,
• Genital herpes.

Proctitis can also be caused by foodborne illness. In this case, the main culprits are the bacteria Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter.

Sometimes children with streptococcal infections develop proctitis. If, after contact with a bacterium from the mouth or nose, the child climbs into the anus with his hands, he risks infecting the skin around the anus. After that, the bacterium can cause inflammation of the rectum.

Inflammatory bowel disease

There are 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulceration in the large intestine. Crohn’s disease causes inflammation and irritation of any part of the digestive tract, but the end section of the small intestine is most commonly affected. Both of these diseases can affect the rectum and cause proctitis.

Radiation therapy

If a person has received radiation therapy to the pelvis or lower abdomen due to cancer, they may develop a condition similar to proctitis. This disorder is called radiation proctopathy. In this case, the mucous membrane is not inflamed. According to the statistics of American specialists, up to 75% of patients who underwent radiation therapy in the pelvic region face radiation proctopathy.

Trauma to rectum or anus

Injury can be caused by anal sex or insertion of foreign objects into the rectum or anus, including an enema.

Taking antibiotics

Some people develop an infection after taking certain antibiotics, which in turn leads to proctitis. While antibiotics are supposed to kill infection-causing bacteria, some drugs can kill the “good” bacteria that live in the gut of healthy people. Killing them can allow a “harmful” bacterium called Clostridium difficile to grow and develop in the colon and rectum. When Clostridium infects the lining of the rectum, a person develops proctitis.

Antibiotics that can kill the “good” bacteria and promote Clostridium bacteria include:

• Clindamycin,
• Cephalosporins,
• Any antibiotic based on penicillin, such as amoxicillin.

Proctitis: symptoms

Signs of this disease include:0004

Pain during bowel movements.

What happens if proctitis is not treated?

Among the complications of this disease:

• Anemia – due to chronic bleeding in the rectum. With anemia, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache and other symptoms are felt.
• Formation of ulcers. Chronic inflammation in the rectum can lead to the formation of open wounds on the inner mucosal layer.
• Formation of fistulas (fistulas). Sometimes ulcers completely destroy the intestinal wall, forming fistulas. These are abnormal openings that form between the intestines and the skin or organs (such as the bladder or vagina).

How is proctitis diagnosed?

To confirm the diagnosis, the patient is given blood and stool tests and one of the following procedures:

1. Sigmoidoscopy – endoscopic examination of the last part of the large intestine – the sigmoid colon.
2. Colonoscopy – endoscopic examination of all parts of the large intestine. During endoscopic diagnosis, doctors can perform a biopsy – taking a piece of mucosal tissue for examination under a microscope. You will read more about these procedures in the article on methods of examining the intestines.

If the cause of proctitis is a sexual infection, a thin swab is inserted into the urethra or anus. This swab is then examined under a microscope for bacteria or other microbes.

How to treat proctitis?

The treatment strategy is selected depending on the cause of the disease.

Treatment of infection

In this case, doctors may prescribe:

• Antibiotics. If the cause is hidden in a bacterial infection, these drugs are practically indispensable. One of the antibiotics that is prescribed for the treatment of bacterial proctitis is doxycycline.
• Antivirals. If a viral infection, such as sexually transmitted herpes, is to blame, doctors prescribe antiviral drugs. One of them is acyclovir.

How to treat proctitis due to radiation therapy

Some patients with mild disease do not require treatment. Other patients may experience severe pain and bleeding after radiation therapy. In this case, doctors may prescribe:

• Medicines in the form of tablets, suppositories (candles) or enemas. They include sucralfate, mesalazine, sulfasalazine, and metronidazole. These drugs help control inflammation and fight bleeding.
• Stool softeners – they help to open the intestinal lumen if there is an obstruction in it.
• A procedure to destroy damaged tissue. With the help of a procedure called ablation, the areas of tissue in which bleeding has formed are destroyed.

Treatment of proctitis , which is caused by inflammatory bowel disease

The main goal of therapy is to reduce inflammation in the rectum. For this, 2 methods are used: medical or surgical.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed during medical treatment. They are taken in the form of tablets, suppositories, or enemas. One such drug is mesalazine. Some are prescribed corticosteroids such as prednisone or budesonide. To reduce inflammation, patients with Crohn’s disease are often prescribed drugs that suppress immune function. Examples are azathioprine or infliximab.

If drug therapy fails, the patient is recommended surgery to remove the damaged part of the digestive tract.

Treatment of proctitis caused by trauma to the rectum or anus

In this case, it is necessary to stop any activity that could cause these injuries. For most, healing takes 4-6 weeks. Some are prescribed painkillers or antidiarrheal drugs.

How to treat proctitis if antibiotics are to blame?

It is necessary to stop taking the antibiotic that provoked the development of the bacterium Clostridium difficile. The doctor will replace this antibiotic with an alternative one, such as metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin.

Does diet help with proctitis?

Depending on the cause of the illness, some dietary changes may improve symptoms.

Many patients are advised by doctors to consume more fiber. This nutrient helps soften feces and promotes easy passage from the rectum. Thus, the problem with constipation can be solved. In inflammatory bowel disease, increasing fiber in the diet can only worsen symptoms.

If the person is suffering from diarrhea, proctitis meals should not include:

• Coffee and other caffeinated products,
• Lots of fructose, a monosaccharide found in large quantities in fruits and fruit juices, as well as honey and sweet drinks,
• Lactose, a milk sugar found in milk and dairy products ,
• Sugar alcohols (polyols) are sweeteners found in products labeled “sugar-free”.

For some patients, dietitians prescribe the following supplements to relieve symptoms of proctitis:

• Omega-3 fatty acids,
• Probiotics,
• Vitamin C,
• Vitamin E.