What causes dry scalp and dandruff. Dry Scalp vs Dandruff: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

12.07.201917.04.2021 by alexxlab

What causes dry scalp and dandruff. How to differentiate between dry scalp and dandruff. What are the most effective treatments for dry scalp and dandruff. How to prevent dry scalp and dandruff naturally. When to seek medical attention for scalp issues.

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Understanding Dry Scalp: Causes and Symptoms

Dry scalp is a common condition that occurs when the scalp doesn’t produce or retain enough moisture. This can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms, including itching, flaking, and irritation. But what exactly causes dry scalp?

Dry air, especially during winter months
Excessive hair washing
Skin conditions like eczema
Harsh hair products
Dehydration
Nutritional deficiencies

People with naturally dry skin are more prone to experiencing dry scalp. The condition can also cause the hair to appear dry and lifeless, as the scalp’s natural oils play a crucial role in conditioning the hair.

Identifying Dry Scalp Flakes

Can you distinguish dry scalp flakes from dandruff? Dry scalp flakes tend to be smaller and whiter compared to dandruff flakes. They often fall off easily and may be accompanied by a feeling of tightness or itching on the scalp.

Dandruff Demystified: Causes and Characteristics

Dandruff is a distinct condition from dry scalp, although they share some similar symptoms. Dandruff occurs when the natural process of skin cell shedding on the scalp accelerates. But what triggers this acceleration?

Fungal infections of the scalp
Excess oil production
Sensitivity to hair care products
Skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis
Stress and hormonal changes
Poor diet and lifestyle factors

Researchers have identified a fungus called Malassezia as a key player in dandruff development. While this fungus is present on most scalps without causing issues, in some individuals, it leads to irritation and flaking.

Characteristics of Dandruff Flakes

How can you tell if those flakes are dandruff? Dandruff flakes are typically larger than dry scalp flakes and may have a yellowish tinge or oily appearance. They often stick to the hair and scalp, making them more noticeable and persistent.

Key Differences Between Dry Scalp and Dandruff

While both conditions can cause flaking and itching, there are several key differences that can help you distinguish between dry scalp and dandruff:

Scalp feel: Dry scalp feels tight and dry, while dandruff often occurs with an oily scalp.
Flake appearance: Dry scalp flakes are small and white, dandruff flakes are larger and may be yellowish.
Hair appearance: Dry scalp often leads to dry-looking hair, while dandruff may be accompanied by greasy-looking hair.
Itching intensity: Dandruff usually causes more intense itching than dry scalp.
Response to washing: Dry scalp may improve with less frequent washing, while dandruff often requires specific treatment.

Effective Treatments for Dry Scalp

Dealing with dry scalp? Here are some effective treatments and home remedies:

Use a gentle, moisturizing shampoo
Reduce washing frequency
Apply natural oils like coconut or jojoba oil to the scalp
Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air
Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet
Try scalp exfoliation to remove dead skin cells

Is it possible to prevent dry scalp? Yes, by maintaining a healthy scalp care routine and addressing underlying causes like dry air or harsh products, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing dry scalp.

Combating Dandruff: Proven Solutions

For those struggling with dandruff, there are several effective treatment options available:

Anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients like pyrithione zinc, ketoconazole, or selenium sulfide
Coal tar shampoos (note: may discolor light-colored hair)
Tea tree oil shampoos for a natural antimicrobial effect
Scalp treatments with salicylic acid to help remove flakes
Dietary changes to reduce inflammation and support scalp health
Stress-reduction techniques to minimize flare-ups

How often should you use anti-dandruff shampoo? For best results, use anti-dandruff shampoo 2-3 times a week, or as directed on the product label. You may alternate with regular shampoo to prevent dryness.

Natural Remedies for Dandruff

For those preferring natural solutions, consider these options:

Apple cider vinegar rinses to balance scalp pH
Aloe vera gel applications to soothe irritation
Coconut oil masks to moisturize and combat fungal growth
Scalp massages with essential oils like lavender or rosemary

When to Seek Professional Help for Scalp Issues

While most cases of dry scalp and dandruff can be managed at home, there are instances where professional medical advice is necessary. Consider consulting a dermatologist if:

Symptoms persist despite consistent home treatment
There’s severe redness, inflammation, or open sores on the scalp
You experience hair loss along with scalp issues
You have an underlying medical condition that may affect scalp health
Scalp problems are significantly impacting your quality of life

Could your scalp issue be a sign of a more serious condition? In some cases, what appears to be dandruff might be a symptom of conditions like psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Maintaining Scalp Health: Prevention and Long-term Care

Preventing scalp issues is often easier than treating them. Here are some tips for maintaining a healthy scalp:

Choose hair products suitable for your scalp type
Avoid over-washing or using very hot water on your scalp
Manage stress through relaxation techniques or exercise
Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals
Protect your scalp from excessive sun exposure
Stay hydrated to support overall skin health
Regularly clean hair tools and accessories

How does diet affect scalp health? A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and vitamins B and E can promote a healthy scalp. Foods like fatty fish, nuts, seeds, and leafy greens are particularly beneficial.

The Role of Stress in Scalp Health

Stress can exacerbate both dry scalp and dandruff. Implementing stress-reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can have a positive impact on your scalp health and overall well-being.

Understanding the Scalp Microbiome

Recent research has highlighted the importance of the scalp microbiome in maintaining scalp health. The scalp microbiome refers to the diverse community of microorganisms living on the scalp’s surface.

How does the scalp microbiome affect dandruff and dry scalp? A balanced microbiome helps protect against fungal overgrowth and maintains proper moisture levels. Disruptions to this delicate ecosystem can contribute to both dandruff and dry scalp conditions.

Factors Influencing the Scalp Microbiome

Use of antimicrobial hair products
Environmental pollutants
Hormonal changes
Diet and nutrition
Stress levels

Supporting a healthy scalp microbiome may involve using probiotic hair care products, minimizing harsh treatments, and maintaining overall health through diet and lifestyle choices.

The Impact of Hair Care Practices on Scalp Health

Your hair care routine can significantly influence the health of your scalp. Consider the following factors:

Frequency of washing
Water temperature
Types of styling products used
Heat styling habits
Brushing and combing techniques

How often should you wash your hair for optimal scalp health? The ideal washing frequency varies depending on your hair type, lifestyle, and scalp condition. Generally, washing every 2-3 days is sufficient for most people, but those with oily scalps may need to wash more frequently.

The Role of Scalp Exfoliation

Gentle scalp exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and product buildup, promoting a healthier scalp environment. However, over-exfoliation can lead to irritation and dryness. Aim to exfoliate your scalp no more than once a week using a gentle scrub or brush designed for scalp care.

Seasonal Changes and Scalp Health

The changing seasons can have a significant impact on scalp health. During winter months, dry indoor heating and cold outdoor temperatures can lead to increased scalp dryness. In contrast, summer humidity can exacerbate oily scalp conditions and promote fungal growth.

How can you adjust your scalp care routine for different seasons? Consider these tips:

Use a humidifier in winter to combat dry air
Switch to lighter, oil-free products in summer
Protect your scalp from sun damage with hats or UV-protective products
Adjust your washing frequency based on seasonal changes in oil production

By adapting your scalp care routine to seasonal changes, you can maintain optimal scalp health throughout the year.

The Connection Between Scalp Health and Hair Growth

A healthy scalp provides the foundation for healthy hair growth. Scalp conditions like dandruff and dryness can potentially impact hair growth and quality in several ways:

Inflammation can disrupt the hair growth cycle
Excessive scratching due to itching can damage hair follicles
Build-up of dead skin cells and oils can clog follicles
Poor scalp health may affect nutrient delivery to hair roots

How does improving scalp health benefit hair growth? By maintaining a clean, well-nourished, and balanced scalp environment, you create optimal conditions for healthy hair growth. This can lead to stronger, shinier, and more resilient hair over time.

Scalp Massages for Health and Hair Growth

Regular scalp massages can improve blood circulation to the hair follicles, potentially promoting hair growth and overall scalp health. Incorporate gentle circular motions with your fingertips during shampooing or as a separate relaxing ritual.

Innovations in Scalp Care Technology

The field of scalp care is continuously evolving, with new technologies and products emerging to address various scalp concerns. Some recent innovations include:

Scalp microbiome analysis tools
LED light therapy devices for scalp treatment
Advanced formulations of anti-dandruff ingredients
Personalized scalp care products based on individual analysis
Scalp-specific skincare ingredients adapted for hair care

How are these innovations changing the approach to scalp care? These advancements allow for more targeted, personalized treatments that address the root causes of scalp issues rather than just managing symptoms.

The Future of Scalp Health Research

Ongoing research in scalp health is focusing on areas such as:

The role of the scalp microbiome in various scalp conditions
Genetic factors influencing scalp health and dandruff susceptibility
Development of more effective and gentler anti-dandruff treatments
Understanding the impact of environmental factors on scalp health
Exploring the connection between scalp health and overall wellness

As our understanding of scalp health continues to grow, we can expect more targeted and effective solutions for maintaining a healthy scalp and beautiful hair.

Dandruff vs. dry scalp: Causes, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

A dry scalp can cause dandruff, but the two conditions are distinct.

Dandruff causes the scalp to flake and may cause visible flakes on clothing or in the hair. In some cases, it is due to a fungal or other scalp infection. Dry scalp, by contrast, occurs when the scalp does not produce or hold enough moisture.

Understanding the difference between dandruff and a dry scalp can help with choosing the right treatment.

Dry scalp

A dry scalp occurs when the scalp does not have enough oil for the skin to feel lubricated.

Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation. It can also cause the hair to look dry, since oil from the scalp helps condition the hair.

People with dry skin are more prone to dry scalp. This means that many of the things that cause dry skin can also cause a dry scalp including:

dry air, particularly during the winter months
excessive washing
skin conditions, such as eczema

Dandruff

The scalp, like the rest of the skin, sheds dead skin cells. Dandruff occurs when this process speeds up. Dandruff flakes are actually dead skin cells.

The faster the scalp sheds dead skin, the worse dandruff becomes. Some factors can alter the rate at which the skin sheds.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp
oils secreted by the scalp
sensitivity to substances, such as hair products

These three factors may work together to make some dandruff worse. For example, people with fungal scalp infections may develop worse dandruff if they have sensitive skin or a very oily scalp.

Most people have a fungus called Malassezia living on their scalp that does not cause any problems. However, in people with dandruff, this fungus causes irritation and flakes. This irritation may be due to the way the fungus interacts with other factors.

A 2016 study found a close relationship between the presence of certain scalp bacteria and dandruff.

People with a dry scalp may notice flakes shedding from their scalp. Unlike true dandruff flakes, however, the flakes associated with dry scalp tend to be smaller and whiter.

Dandruff flakes are larger and may be yellow-tinged or look oily. While both dandruff and dry scalp tend to come and go, dandruff that is due to a fungal infection is unlikely to get better without treatment. Dry scalp, however, may improve with less frequent shampooing.

Both conditions can make the scalp itchy and irritated. If symptoms are severe, people with either condition may scratch their scalp so frequently that it turns red or develops small sores.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

Most people find it difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, and it is also possible to have both dandruff and a dry scalp. In general, flakes are more likely to be dandruff:

if the scalp feels oily
when there is intense scalp itching even when the scalp does not feel dry
if the hair looks greasy

Both dandruff and dry scalp can usually be managed at home. However, some scalp conditions can look like dandruff.

Scalp psoriasis, for example, causes redness, flakes, and itching but is caused by an autoimmune disorder. A form of severe dandruff called seborrheic dermatitis can cause intense, painful inflammation.

People should see a doctor for a flaky scalp:

if there are other symptoms, such as redness or sores
if home treatments do not work
if there are open wounds on the head or face

People with autoimmune disorders and chronic illnesses should talk to their doctor before treating dandruff. Symptoms that resemble dandruff may be due to another condition, and a weakened immune system increases the chances that a scalp condition will quickly get worse.

Most cases of dandruff can easily be treated at home. People with dandruff should aim to shampoo their hair with anti-dandruff shampoo regularly. This can treat many underlying causes of dandruff, including minor fungal infections.

Most dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, and many different types of anti-dandruff shampoo are available online.

Another option to treat dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo may change the color of light hair, so people with blonde or gray hair may prefer another option.

Dandruff shampoo can have a strong smell. Some people may wish to alternate between dandruff shampoo and traditional shampoo, or shampoo with a different shampoo immediately following treatment with dandruff shampoo.

People who prefer natural remedies, or who dislike the smell of dandruff shampoo, may wish to try tea tree oil shampoo. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties.

An old study found that a 5-percent tea tree oil shampoo could effectively treat dandruff without causing serious side effects. However, there is a lack of recent research to back this claim up.

People whose dandruff does not improve with home treatment should see a doctor. Identifying the cause of the dandruff — which could be a bacterial or fungal infection — can be helpful. Prescription-strength treatments usually clear up dandruff.

The idea that poor hygiene causes dandruff is a myth. Going long periods of time without shampooing, however, may make dandruff more visible.

As researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented.

In most people, dandruff is a chronic condition that tends to go away and then come back. While some people think that lifestyle changes improve their symptoms, there is little research on this topic.

It may be possible to prevent dry scalp by:

using less irritating shampoos
switching to a moisturizing shampoo
shampooing the hair less frequently
using a humidifier to keep the skin from getting dry
drinking more water

Dandruff remains a mystery to many doctors who do not understand how a fungus that is harmless on one person’s head can cause severe dandruff on another person. There are no guarantees with any dandruff treatment. There is no way to predict who will develop dandruff, or how severe it will be.

Both dandruff and dry scalp are annoying but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

People who do not see improvements with home treatment should consider that the problem might be something other than dandruff. Only a doctor can conclusively diagnose the cause of a flaky scalp.

Dandruff vs. dry scalp: Causes, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

A dry scalp can cause dandruff, but the two conditions are distinct.

Understanding the difference between dandruff and a dry scalp can help with choosing the right treatment.

Dry scalp

A dry scalp occurs when the scalp does not have enough oil for the skin to feel lubricated.

Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation. It can also cause the hair to look dry, since oil from the scalp helps condition the hair.

People with dry skin are more prone to dry scalp. This means that many of the things that cause dry skin can also cause a dry scalp including:

dry air, particularly during the winter months
excessive washing
skin conditions, such as eczema

Dandruff

The scalp, like the rest of the skin, sheds dead skin cells. Dandruff occurs when this process speeds up. Dandruff flakes are actually dead skin cells.

The faster the scalp sheds dead skin, the worse dandruff becomes. Some factors can alter the rate at which the skin sheds.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp
oils secreted by the scalp
sensitivity to substances, such as hair products

These three factors may work together to make some dandruff worse. For example, people with fungal scalp infections may develop worse dandruff if they have sensitive skin or a very oily scalp.

A 2016 study found a close relationship between the presence of certain scalp bacteria and dandruff.

People with a dry scalp may notice flakes shedding from their scalp. Unlike true dandruff flakes, however, the flakes associated with dry scalp tend to be smaller and whiter.

Both conditions can make the scalp itchy and irritated. If symptoms are severe, people with either condition may scratch their scalp so frequently that it turns red or develops small sores.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

Most people find it difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, and it is also possible to have both dandruff and a dry scalp. In general, flakes are more likely to be dandruff:

if the scalp feels oily
when there is intense scalp itching even when the scalp does not feel dry
if the hair looks greasy

Both dandruff and dry scalp can usually be managed at home. However, some scalp conditions can look like dandruff.

People should see a doctor for a flaky scalp:

if there are other symptoms, such as redness or sores
if home treatments do not work
if there are open wounds on the head or face

Most dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, and many different types of anti-dandruff shampoo are available online.

Another option to treat dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo may change the color of light hair, so people with blonde or gray hair may prefer another option.

People who prefer natural remedies, or who dislike the smell of dandruff shampoo, may wish to try tea tree oil shampoo. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties.

An old study found that a 5-percent tea tree oil shampoo could effectively treat dandruff without causing serious side effects. However, there is a lack of recent research to back this claim up.

The idea that poor hygiene causes dandruff is a myth. Going long periods of time without shampooing, however, may make dandruff more visible.

As researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented.

It may be possible to prevent dry scalp by:

using less irritating shampoos
switching to a moisturizing shampoo
shampooing the hair less frequently
using a humidifier to keep the skin from getting dry
drinking more water

Both dandruff and dry scalp are annoying but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

People who do not see improvements with home treatment should consider that the problem might be something other than dandruff. Only a doctor can conclusively diagnose the cause of a flaky scalp.

Dandruff vs. dry scalp: Causes, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

A dry scalp can cause dandruff, but the two conditions are distinct.

Understanding the difference between dandruff and a dry scalp can help with choosing the right treatment.

Dry scalp

A dry scalp occurs when the scalp does not have enough oil for the skin to feel lubricated.

Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation. It can also cause the hair to look dry, since oil from the scalp helps condition the hair.

People with dry skin are more prone to dry scalp. This means that many of the things that cause dry skin can also cause a dry scalp including:

dry air, particularly during the winter months
excessive washing
skin conditions, such as eczema

Dandruff

The scalp, like the rest of the skin, sheds dead skin cells. Dandruff occurs when this process speeds up. Dandruff flakes are actually dead skin cells.

The faster the scalp sheds dead skin, the worse dandruff becomes. Some factors can alter the rate at which the skin sheds.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp
oils secreted by the scalp
sensitivity to substances, such as hair products

These three factors may work together to make some dandruff worse. For example, people with fungal scalp infections may develop worse dandruff if they have sensitive skin or a very oily scalp.

A 2016 study found a close relationship between the presence of certain scalp bacteria and dandruff.

People with a dry scalp may notice flakes shedding from their scalp. Unlike true dandruff flakes, however, the flakes associated with dry scalp tend to be smaller and whiter.

Both conditions can make the scalp itchy and irritated. If symptoms are severe, people with either condition may scratch their scalp so frequently that it turns red or develops small sores.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

Most people find it difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, and it is also possible to have both dandruff and a dry scalp. In general, flakes are more likely to be dandruff:

if the scalp feels oily
when there is intense scalp itching even when the scalp does not feel dry
if the hair looks greasy

Both dandruff and dry scalp can usually be managed at home. However, some scalp conditions can look like dandruff.

People should see a doctor for a flaky scalp:

if there are other symptoms, such as redness or sores
if home treatments do not work
if there are open wounds on the head or face

Most dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, and many different types of anti-dandruff shampoo are available online.

Another option to treat dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo may change the color of light hair, so people with blonde or gray hair may prefer another option.

People who prefer natural remedies, or who dislike the smell of dandruff shampoo, may wish to try tea tree oil shampoo. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties.

An old study found that a 5-percent tea tree oil shampoo could effectively treat dandruff without causing serious side effects. However, there is a lack of recent research to back this claim up.

The idea that poor hygiene causes dandruff is a myth. Going long periods of time without shampooing, however, may make dandruff more visible.

As researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented.

It may be possible to prevent dry scalp by:

using less irritating shampoos
switching to a moisturizing shampoo
shampooing the hair less frequently
using a humidifier to keep the skin from getting dry
drinking more water

Both dandruff and dry scalp are annoying but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

People who do not see improvements with home treatment should consider that the problem might be something other than dandruff. Only a doctor can conclusively diagnose the cause of a flaky scalp.

Dandruff vs. dry scalp: Causes, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

A dry scalp can cause dandruff, but the two conditions are distinct.

Understanding the difference between dandruff and a dry scalp can help with choosing the right treatment.

Dry scalp

A dry scalp occurs when the scalp does not have enough oil for the skin to feel lubricated.

Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation. It can also cause the hair to look dry, since oil from the scalp helps condition the hair.

People with dry skin are more prone to dry scalp. This means that many of the things that cause dry skin can also cause a dry scalp including:

dry air, particularly during the winter months
excessive washing
skin conditions, such as eczema

Dandruff

The scalp, like the rest of the skin, sheds dead skin cells. Dandruff occurs when this process speeds up. Dandruff flakes are actually dead skin cells.

The faster the scalp sheds dead skin, the worse dandruff becomes. Some factors can alter the rate at which the skin sheds.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp
oils secreted by the scalp
sensitivity to substances, such as hair products

These three factors may work together to make some dandruff worse. For example, people with fungal scalp infections may develop worse dandruff if they have sensitive skin or a very oily scalp.

A 2016 study found a close relationship between the presence of certain scalp bacteria and dandruff.

People with a dry scalp may notice flakes shedding from their scalp. Unlike true dandruff flakes, however, the flakes associated with dry scalp tend to be smaller and whiter.

Both conditions can make the scalp itchy and irritated. If symptoms are severe, people with either condition may scratch their scalp so frequently that it turns red or develops small sores.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

Most people find it difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, and it is also possible to have both dandruff and a dry scalp. In general, flakes are more likely to be dandruff:

if the scalp feels oily
when there is intense scalp itching even when the scalp does not feel dry
if the hair looks greasy

Both dandruff and dry scalp can usually be managed at home. However, some scalp conditions can look like dandruff.

People should see a doctor for a flaky scalp:

if there are other symptoms, such as redness or sores
if home treatments do not work
if there are open wounds on the head or face

Most dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, and many different types of anti-dandruff shampoo are available online.

Another option to treat dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo may change the color of light hair, so people with blonde or gray hair may prefer another option.

People who prefer natural remedies, or who dislike the smell of dandruff shampoo, may wish to try tea tree oil shampoo. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties.

An old study found that a 5-percent tea tree oil shampoo could effectively treat dandruff without causing serious side effects. However, there is a lack of recent research to back this claim up.

The idea that poor hygiene causes dandruff is a myth. Going long periods of time without shampooing, however, may make dandruff more visible.

As researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented.

It may be possible to prevent dry scalp by:

using less irritating shampoos
switching to a moisturizing shampoo
shampooing the hair less frequently
using a humidifier to keep the skin from getting dry
drinking more water

Both dandruff and dry scalp are annoying but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

People who do not see improvements with home treatment should consider that the problem might be something other than dandruff. Only a doctor can conclusively diagnose the cause of a flaky scalp.

Dandruff vs. dry scalp: Causes, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

A dry scalp can cause dandruff, but the two conditions are distinct.

Understanding the difference between dandruff and a dry scalp can help with choosing the right treatment.

Dry scalp

A dry scalp occurs when the scalp does not have enough oil for the skin to feel lubricated.

Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation. It can also cause the hair to look dry, since oil from the scalp helps condition the hair.

People with dry skin are more prone to dry scalp. This means that many of the things that cause dry skin can also cause a dry scalp including:

dry air, particularly during the winter months
excessive washing
skin conditions, such as eczema

Dandruff

The scalp, like the rest of the skin, sheds dead skin cells. Dandruff occurs when this process speeds up. Dandruff flakes are actually dead skin cells.

The faster the scalp sheds dead skin, the worse dandruff becomes. Some factors can alter the rate at which the skin sheds.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp
oils secreted by the scalp
sensitivity to substances, such as hair products

These three factors may work together to make some dandruff worse. For example, people with fungal scalp infections may develop worse dandruff if they have sensitive skin or a very oily scalp.

A 2016 study found a close relationship between the presence of certain scalp bacteria and dandruff.

People with a dry scalp may notice flakes shedding from their scalp. Unlike true dandruff flakes, however, the flakes associated with dry scalp tend to be smaller and whiter.

Both conditions can make the scalp itchy and irritated. If symptoms are severe, people with either condition may scratch their scalp so frequently that it turns red or develops small sores.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

Most people find it difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, and it is also possible to have both dandruff and a dry scalp. In general, flakes are more likely to be dandruff:

if the scalp feels oily
when there is intense scalp itching even when the scalp does not feel dry
if the hair looks greasy

Both dandruff and dry scalp can usually be managed at home. However, some scalp conditions can look like dandruff.

People should see a doctor for a flaky scalp:

if there are other symptoms, such as redness or sores
if home treatments do not work
if there are open wounds on the head or face

Most dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, and many different types of anti-dandruff shampoo are available online.

Another option to treat dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo may change the color of light hair, so people with blonde or gray hair may prefer another option.

People who prefer natural remedies, or who dislike the smell of dandruff shampoo, may wish to try tea tree oil shampoo. Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties.

An old study found that a 5-percent tea tree oil shampoo could effectively treat dandruff without causing serious side effects. However, there is a lack of recent research to back this claim up.

The idea that poor hygiene causes dandruff is a myth. Going long periods of time without shampooing, however, may make dandruff more visible.

As researchers do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented.

It may be possible to prevent dry scalp by:

using less irritating shampoos
switching to a moisturizing shampoo
shampooing the hair less frequently
using a humidifier to keep the skin from getting dry
drinking more water

Both dandruff and dry scalp are annoying but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

People who do not see improvements with home treatment should consider that the problem might be something other than dandruff. Only a doctor can conclusively diagnose the cause of a flaky scalp.

Do I Actually Have Dandruff or Is My Scalp Just Dry?

Dandruff or a dry scalp—which is it? We’ve likely all wondered this oft-debated question at least one point in our lives. Despite how similar these conditions are, when you look closely, you’ll notice they have specific characteristics that make them stand apart. To discover what those characteristics are, keep reading for everything there is to know about dandruff, dry scalps, what differentiates them, and how to best move forward with your scalp in mind.

Dandruff Causes and Symptoms

First things first, let’s be clear on what dandruff actually is. According to Dr. Murphy-Rose, dandruff is a chronic condition—often considered to be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis —that waxes and wanes over time. In its most obvious form, dandruff presents itself as noticeable white flakes.

Now that you have a general idea of what dandruff is, let’s get into the nitty-gritty in terms of causes and symptoms so that you know what to be on the lookout for.

Causes

Overactive sebaceous glands
Fungal growth
Stress
Irritation from hair care products

Dandruff is often associated with dirty scalps and an overall idea of poor personal hygiene, when in reality, it can happen to anyone.

“The cause of dandruff is not entirely understood but it is often associated with excess oil production and an overgrowth of fungus, particularly Malassezia sp, on the scalp,” Murphy-Rose says. “The scalp contains an abundance of hair follicles with sebaceous glands that produce large amounts of sebum—an oily substance—creating an ideal environment for fungi to thrive in.” And when you pair that fungi with excess oil, microscopic dead skin cells that would normally slough off unnoticed, stick together in clumps that present themselves as tiny-yet-noticeable white flakes. 

If you’re wondering how fungi could grow on—and become a problem for—your scalp, you’re not alone. As Gaunitz points out, scalp fungus is totally normal and it’s typically controlled by the immune system, which makes the possibility of developing dandruff less likely—though certainly not impossible.

“There are certain causes that lower the scalp immune state, like low vitamin D3 or ferritin, genetic history, an inflammatory diet, aggravating hair and scalp products, or allergies,” he explains, noting that all of these factors can play into whether or not fungus will thrive on your scalp.

If the fungus starts to get truly out of control—which can happen since the more oil is on your scalp, the more fungi will form; and the more fungi that forms, the more it will stay trapped on your scalp in said oil—it can trigger hypersensitivity, which leads to itching, further flaking, and, in some cases, redness. When this happens, what started as a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis can excel into a more serious form. But don’t worry! Dr. Gmyrek, the inflammatory condition is incredibly common and not super difficult to treat—more on that as you move further into this article. 

When dandruff progresses from a mild to extreme form, Gmyrek says that it can cause skin cells to multiply more quickly than usual, which results in heavier flakes, persistent itching, and more noticeably inflammation.

Before diving into the symptoms—read: the signs to be aware of—of dandruff, it’s worth noting that, while the main cause of dandruff is the aforementioned fungal growth, the Mayo Clinic reports (and Gmyrek agrees) that stress can take a toll on your scalp health as well, and thus can be another culprit in the war against white flakes. “This ‘stress’ can be psychological—such as relationship trouble—work deadlines, etc… or it can be physical stress on your body, such as having a cold, fighting an illness, having surgery, or simply being run down,” she says. 

Symptoms

Itchy scalp and/or eyebrows
Noticeable white flakes
Potential redness

The most common sign of dandruff is when you start to notice white flakes falling from your scalp to your shoulders and back as you brush or tousle your hair. Of course, before such flakes appear, all of our experts say that itchiness will likely present itself first.

Dry Scalp Causes and Symptoms

Now that you’ve read through the key factors that play into dandruff, you might be questioning whether that’s what you’ve actually been dealing with after all. This is very common considering dandruff is often misunderstood as the definition of an itchy, dry scalp, when in reality it speaks to something more.

For this reason, it’s good to know what constitutes a dry scalp, as well. That way you’ll be able to weigh your symptoms to determine which scalp issue you’re dealing with before moving forward with treatment options.

Causes

Inability to produce or retain moisture
Excessive washing
Irritation from haircare products
Sunburn
Climate

According to BosleyMD certified trichologist Gretchen Friese, a dry scalp occurs the same way that dry skin does: When it doesn’t produce or retain enough moisture. “Like other forms of dry skin, this can cause itching, flaking, and irritation,” she says.

When it comes to moisture, it’s important to understand that you can wash your scalp’s hydration down the drain if you shampoo it too regularly. What’s more, what you wash it with can also lead to drying—that’s why it’s so important to use well-formulated haircare products designed to hydrate your strands without weighing them down, not strip them.

Products and showering aside, Murphy-Rose, who is a clinical assistant professor at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, says that the climate (think: seasonal and year-round; high levels of heat or cold, and low levels of humidity) and excessive sun exposure can also lead to a dry scalp, not to mention if you have a genetic predisposition to dry skin.

Symptoms

Itchy scalp
Dry hair
Small, barely-there flakes

While flakes are much less likely from a dry scalp alone, Perkovic says that very small flakes are possible as a result of extreme dryness, just as they are on your face during the harshest seasons of the year.

The Key Difference Between Dandruff vs. Dry Scalp

Now that both conditions have their figurative cards on the table, let’s go over the key differences between the two. While both dryness and dandruff can make your scalp itch, and both can lead to even the faintest flaking, Gaunitz, who is the founder of the Gaunitz Trichology Method, says that the main difference between dandruff and a dry scalp is that dandruff is an actual medical condition. “Dandruff is caused by an elevation of fungus on the surface of the scalp, whereas a dry scalp is simply a hydration issue,” he says.

Friese adds to this, noting that, while both dandruff and a dry scalp tend to come and go, dandruff—which is a result of a fungal infection—is unlikely to disappear without treatment. “Dry scalp, however, may improve with less frequent shampooing,” she says, noting that it is possible to have both dry scalp and dandruff, which is why most people find it difficult to tell the difference between the two.

Prevention & Treatment

If you’ve gotten this far and think you may have dandruff, this section is for you. If, however, you think a dry scalp may be the culprit, feel free to skip over to the next section.

Dandruff

Use a Medicated Shampoo: Gmyrek says to reach for a shampoo formulated specifically for dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis at least two times a week. “These shampoos contain salicylic acid, ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, or selenium sulfide, and will work to decrease oil and fungus, and flakes as a result,” she says.
Up Your Omega 3 Intake: According to Gaunitz and experts running the Cedars Sinai medical blog, omega-3s help to regulate oil production, which can in turn reduce the amount of fungal growth and flaking.
Take Vitamin D Supplements: Speaking of supplements, Gaunitz adds that one of the best ways to prevent dandruff is to take vitamin D3 supplements. This makes sense considering, according to the American Academy of Dermatology, vitamin D helps slow the rate of rapid skin cell growth—which can be a factor in more extreme cases of dandruff and psoriasis.
Stock Your Hair Care Routine With Tea Tree Oil: As Cedars Sinai points out, tea tree oil is anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial, making it a great option for scalp rebalancing. Thankfully, these days it’s mixed into a slew of hair treatments, shampoos, conditioners, and masks.
Try Meditation (and/or Exercise): Seriously though. High levels of stress can trigger dandruff and excessive flaking. As if you need another excuse to zen out, let this be it. Just remember: The calmer you are, the less likely a dandruff flair will be.

Dry Scalp

If you think you have a dry scalp and are looking for relief, let this be your guide.

Try a Pre-Shampoo Scalp Treatment: When your scalp is dry, it needs all the help it can get to feel comfortable again. One of the best ways to do this is to start your haircare routine with a product designed specifically for your scalp’s comfort and wellbeing—like Drunk Elephant’s T.L.C. Happi Scalp Scrub ($36). This scrub is designed to gently exfoliate the scalp while deeply hydrating it with marula and mongongo oils. Simply apply it to dry hair before hopping into the shower, let it work its magic for 10 minutes, rinse thoroughly, and shampoo and condition as normal. Using the best-selling scalp scrub twice a week will lead to a much happier, much more moisturized noggin.
Use a Moisturizing, Gentle Shampoo and Conditioner: Since a dry scalp can be in part due to irritation, swapping out any harsh shampoos and conditioners for ultra-gentle ones can seriously pay off. When looking for gentle shampoos, you’ll want to steer clear of fragrance and essential oils, and veer toward hydrating, soothing ingredients like aloe vera and oat milk—ultimately making Briogeo’s newest collection a dream for anyone looking to rehab their scalp.
Eliminate Products With Alcohol as a Main Ingredient: Many haircare products are made with alcohol. It’s when alcohol is a main ingredient that it’s particularly worrisome. For this reason, when scouring for the best haircare products for your mane goals, make sure none of the ones you make room for in your routine have alcohol in the first five to 10 ingredients. Your scalp (and ends, honestly) will thank you.
Wash Less Often: Remember, you can wash your scalp’s natural oils (read: hydration) down the drain if you shampoo too frequently. That said, try to wash no more than every other day when attempting to cater to your scalp—and always use lukewarm (not scalding hot) water when doing so. While the temperature may not seem like a big deal, when it comes to the hydration of your scalp and skin, the hotter the water, the more dried out they’ll both become. Yikes. (Pst: Apply Head and Shoulders Soothing Leave-On Scalp Cream after each shower. It’s designed to make the time between washes more comfortable.)
Add a Humidifier to Your Home: Part of having a dry scalp comes down to the climate you live in. If you live somewhere super dry—or if it’s summer or winter (aka the driest times of the year—it helps to have a humidifier to pump a little moisture back into your environment. While there are plenty of humidifiers to choose from, the Dyson Pure Humidify+Cool is the first machine to-date to be recognized by the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) as a solution for people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and/or individuals living with severe sensitive skin. Since psoriasis involves flaking skin—and since dry skin is associated with sensitivity—this machine is a shoo-in for anyone looking to pamper their scalp.

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Pure Humidify + Cool Cryptomic
$899.99

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The Takeaway

Dandruff and a dry scalp are often mistaken for one another but, at the end of the day, they have their own unique traits. The best way to care for either condition should it arise is to remember to treat your scalp like the rest of the skin on your body: With daily attention and loving care.

Sentiment aside, if you feel like you’ve tried everything and your symptoms aren’t getting any better, it’s best to visit your dermatologist for directions on how to proceed.

Dandruff – Symptoms and causes

Overview

Dandruff is a common condition that causes the skin on the scalp to flake. It isn’t contagious or serious. But it can be embarrassing and difficult to treat.

Mild dandruff can be treated with a gentle daily shampoo. If that doesn’t work, a medicated shampoo may help. Symptoms may return later.

Dandruff is considered to be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis. In babies, seborrheic dermatitis is called cradle cap.

Symptoms

Dandruff signs and symptoms may include:

Skin flakes on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard or mustache, and shoulders
Itchy scalp
Scaly, crusty scalp in infants with cradle cap

The signs and symptoms may be more severe if you’re stressed, and they tend to flare in cold, dry seasons.

When to see a doctor

Most cases of dandruff don’t require a doctor’s care. See your primary care doctor or a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist) if your condition doesn’t improve with regular use of over-the-counter dandruff shampoo.

Causes

Dandruff may have several causes, including:

Irritated, oily skin
Not shampooing enough
A yeastlike fungus (malassezia) that feeds on oils on the scalps of most adults
Dry skin
Sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis)
Other skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema

Risk factors

Almost anyone can have dandruff, but certain factors can make you more susceptible:

Age. Dandruff usually begins in young adulthood and continues through middle age. That doesn’t mean older adults don’t get dandruff. For some people, the problem can be lifelong.
Being male. Because more men have dandruff, some researchers think male hormones may play a role.
Certain illnesses. Parkinson’s disease and other diseases that affect the nervous system also seem to increase risk of dandruff. So does having HIV or a weakened immune system.

Sept. 11, 2019

Show references

Borda LJ, et al. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: A comprehensive review. Journal of Clinical and Investigative Dermatology. 2015; 3:1.
Dandruff: How to treat. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/hair-care/how-to-treat-dandruff. Accessed July 12, 2019.
Tea tree oil. Natural Medicines Database. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed July 12, 2019.
Sasseville D. Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 12, 2019.
Kermott CA, et al., eds. Dandruff. In: Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies. 2nd ed. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017.
Dandruff. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. http://www.aocd.org/page/Dandruff. Accessed July 12, 2019.
Kang S, et al., eds. Cosmeceuticals and skin care in dermatology. In: Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed July 23, 2019.

Dandruff | Symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment

Dandruff is a common chronic scalp condition marked by flaking of the scalp. Dandruff is not contagious or serious. But it can be embarrassing and sometimes difficult to treat. The good news is that dandruff can usually be controlled.

For most teens and adults, dandruff symptoms are easy to spot: white, oily scales of dead skin that dot your hair and shoulders, and possibly an itchy, scaly scalp.The condition can worsen during the fall and winter, when heating can help dry skin and improve during the summer.

Dandruff can occur for several reasons, including:

Irritated, oily skin (seborrheic dermatitis). This condition, one of the most common causes of dandruff, is marked by red, oily skin covered with scaly white or yellow scales. Seborrheic dermatitis can affect the scalp and other areas that are rich in oil glands, such as the eyebrows, wings of the nose and ears, chest, groin, and sometimes armpits.
Lack of purification. If you don’t wash your hair regularly, oils and skin cells from the scalp can grow and cause dandruff.
Yeast-like mushroom (malassezia). Malassezia lives on the scalps of most adults. But for some, it irritates the scalp and can cause an increase in skin cells. Extra skin cells die and fall off, making them appear white and flaky in hair or clothing. Why malassezia irritates some scalps is unknown.
Dry skin. Dry skin flakes are generally smaller and less greasy than other causes of dandruff. Redness or inflammation is unlikely. You will likely have dry skin on other parts of your body, such as your legs and arms.
Sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis). Sensitivity to certain ingredients in hair care products or hair dyes can sometimes cause a red, itchy, scaly scalp.

Almost anyone can have dandruff, but some factors can make you more susceptible:

Age. Dandruff usually starts at a young age and lasts until middle age. This does not mean that older people cannot suffer from dandruff. For some people, the problem can be lifelong.
If you are a man . Since many men have dandruff, some researchers believe that male hormones may play a role.
Oily hair and scalp. Malassezia feeds on oils in the scalp. For this reason, overly oily skin and hair makes you more prone to dandruff.
Certain diseases. For reasons that are not clear, adults with neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s are more likely to develop seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Also people with HIV infection or other problems with the immune system.

Dry scalp, dandruff and itching – how to get rid of it at home?

Dandruff is not just an unpleasant feature, but a specific symptom of a specific disease.In the international classification of diseases, it is called “seborrheic dermatitis”. The dermis root indicates that it is a skin problem. For some people, it accompanies all their lives, for others it appears already at a conscious age, as if from nowhere.

The causative agent of seborrheic dermatitis is known – it is the fungus Malassezia, but it is still unknown why Malassezia, which normally lives on the skin of all people, begins to develop abnormal activity in someone there. Among the potential causes, there are many abstract ones: stress, reduced immunity, hereditary predisposition.But there are more specific ones, such as hormonal disruption. If at the same time with dandruff you are concerned about acne, mood swings, brittleness unusual for your nails, consultation with an endocrinologist is most likely necessary.

It is impossible to get rid of dandruff with the help of cosmetics alone. Not a single cosmetic product will have a therapeutic effect on the fungal activity; special means are needed. They can be prescribed by a dermatologist (important: not a trichologist, he works with hair problems, not skin).Until treatment is prescribed, dandruff will have to be washed out of the hair in two stages: first, use a soft scalp scrub to evenly exfoliate the stratum corneum, then wash it off with shampoo in two or three approaches.

What is the difference between dry and oily dandruff and why it is not so important

Let’s start with what unites them. In both cases, the fungus is to blame, which begins to multiply too quickly and cause increased detachment of the stratum corneum. But with oily seborrhea, the work of the sebaceous glands is also disrupted, therefore, with the help of sebum, pieces of the stratum corneum are glued into scales visible to the eye.It is them that we see at the roots of the hair and on clothes. The course of dry seborrhea, on the contrary, is complicated by a reduced production of sebum, so dandruff is more like fine dry dust. It seems that dry proceeds easier than oily, but this is not so: with dry seborrhea, the scalp constantly feels inflamed, suffers from burning and itching. In general, all forms of seborrhea (there are three of them: dry, oily, mixed) are extremely unpleasant, are caused by the same reasons and are treated in the same way.

Dandruff can be cured.It is important to understand the cause, eliminate the symptoms and additionally support the skin

90,000 Dry scalp – what to do if dandruff, itching and dryness appear: rules of care and an overview 10 remedies

Signs of dry scalp

Brittle and dull hair, the desire to scratch the head are typical symptoms of dry scalp. To see if this is really your problem, answer five questions.

1
Do you often feel discomfort because the scalp is dry and itchy?
“Dry scalp causes unpleasant symptoms such as feeling
tightness after washing, as well as itching and flaking.The main reason
dryness is reduced sebum secretion, which performs
protective function. Scalp skin type is determined by activity
sebaceous glands, this factor is inherited genetically and globally
it cannot be changed. However, with well-chosen care, you can
minimize problems. ”
2
Are you worried about dry dandruff?
3
Do the strands get electrified when combing?
4
Is your hair brittle, dull, thinning?
5
Does the feeling of tightness return quickly after washing your hair?

If you answered yes to most of these questions, chances are you have a dry scalp problem.

Now check what your hair is missing.

sixteen

What is your scalp type?

2/6

How often do you wash your hair?

3/6

How long does the hair look clean after washing?

4/6

Do you take vitamins for hair and nails?

5/6

Do you often experience stress?

6/6

Evaluate whether you are eating well?

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Causes of dryness

“Dry scalp is most often a congenital characteristic, since hormones and the activity of the sebaceous glands are primarily associated with genetics,” says Ekaterina Turubara, medical expert at Vichy.But sometimes dry scalp can be caused by:

frequent staining;
unbalanced diet;
wrong choice of care products;
thermal effects of styling devices;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and endocrine systems;
allergies, skin diseases;
non-compliance with the drinking regime.

Dry scalp feels itchy and tight. © iStock

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How to solve the problem of dry scalp

If an itchy and dry scalp has become a problem, it’s time to take action. Sometimes it’s enough to simply reconsider your lifestyle and change some habits.

Include in the diet foods rich in healthy fats: nuts, fatty fish, cheese, vegetable oils, avocados, eggs, red meat.
Watch your drinking regime – the daily norm is the consumption of 1.5-2 liters of clean non-carbonated water.
Do not abuse caffeinated drinks, they dehydrate.
Eat less sweet and salty foods.
Discard the hair dryer.
Consult a trichologist to rule out scalp diseases.

We advise you to read:

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Care Tips: What to do if your scalp is dry?

“Caring for dry scalp is not a big problem. The main thing is to develop the right strategy, ”says Ekaterina Turubara.

Choose the right cleanser

Pay attention to sulfate-free shampoo. “Its detergent base is too weak for normal scalp,” explains expert Vichy.”But for those who suffer from a lack of sebum, it is quite suitable, since it does not destroy the already unstable hydrolipidic film.”

It is good if the shampoo contains ceramides, vitamins B3 or B5, as well as natural oils rich in essential fatty acids. This will help you take care of your dry scalp as efficiently as possible.

Cosmetics with natural oils are suitable for dry scalp. © iStock

Use additional hair care for dry scalp

Do not ignore masks, balms, leave-in products designed specifically to solve your problem.These products contain substances that provide the scalp with the necessary components to maintain optimal moisture levels.

Scalp type is usually a hereditary trait. © iStock

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Dandruff and methods for its elimination

In the language of dermatologists and trichologists, dandruff is called “seborrheic dermatitis”. Among the main reasons for its appearance:

heredity;
hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders;
weak immunity;
stress;
altering the scalp microbiome.

Microbiome is a broad concept that includes not only microflora, but also a set of microbial genes. If changes occur in the microbiome, this leads to the growth of the dandruff-causing fungus Malassezia.

To restore the microbiome balance of the scalp, Vichy Dercos experts have developed an anti-dandruff shampoo that stops the development of the Malassezia fungus.

To get rid of dandruff, dry scalp should be washed with this shampoo 2-3 times a week for a month.And as a preventive measure – once a week, combining with another mild shampoo.

One of the problems with dry scalp is split ends of the hair. © iStock

We advise you to read:

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Composition of care products for dry scalp

“There are several products for correcting dry scalp,” says Ekaterina Turubara.- First of all, shampoos. Their formula should be sulfate-free, with soothing and moisturizing additives ( panthenol, niacinamide, allantoin ) ”.

Manufacturers sometimes add ceramides or natural oils to the composition to soften the scalp skin. And instead of the usual gel base, a creamy one is used: the shampoo turns out to be thicker and more comfortable for dry scalp.

A separate class of products are emollients, a kind of moisturizer adapted for scalp skin.They usually contain a lot of ceramides and essential fatty acids .

Soothing scalp masks do not weigh hair down thanks to a lightweight formula based on light silicones . Silicones evaporate when heated to body temperature, and only a thin protective film of ceramides and oils remains on the scalp, imitating the natural hydrolipid layer.

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Review Tools

Our review presents the best, according to Skin.ru editors, products for dry scalp and hair – from cleansing to nourishing.

Shampoos

Nourishing Olive Oil Shampoo, Kiehl’s

Gently cleanses, softens and saturates with moisture, helps to keep it inside the hair. Makes the strands manageable, contains olive and avocado oils, lemon extract.

Intensively nourishing shampoo “Legendary Olive” Botanic Therapy, Garnier

Nourishes hair without weighing it down thanks to olive oil, restores hair along its entire length.

Soft physiological shampoo-gel Kerium Gel Shampoo, La Roche-Posay

With regular use, the product with salicylic acid and glycerin restores the balance of the scalp.

Intensive anti-dandruff shampoo for dry hair Dercos, Vichy

Eliminates visible dandruff, soothes itchy scalp with selenium DS, ceramide P, salicylic acid and vitamin E.

Balms

Light nourishing balm “Luxury 6 oils” Elseve, L’Oréal Paris

A product with lotus, tiare, rose, chamomile, flax, sunflower oils moisturizes the scalp and provides intensive nourishment.

Universal oil mask “Triple recovery 3-in-1” Fructis, Garnier

Nourishes hair, restores, gives softness thanks to shea, macadamia and jojoba oils.

Olive Fruit Oil Nourishing Conditioner, Kiehl’s

Intensively nourishes, prevents dry hair, does not weigh down, contains olive oil, avocado oil, lemon extract.

Masks

Revitalizing mask Dercos Nutrients Nutri Protein, Vichy

Thanks to the nourishing pracaxi oil, quinoa bran regenerates hair. UV filter protects them from ultraviolet radiation.

Mask for hair that needs hydration and softness Fructis Superfood “Aloe. Humidification “, Garnier

In addition to aloe, contains coconut, soy and sunflower oils. Intensively moisturizes and softens hair.

Botanicals Fresh Care Nourishing Mask for Dry Hair “Wild Saffron. Nutritional extract “, L’Oréal Paris

Nourishes and softens hair with coconut and wild saffron oils.

Back to the top 90,000 The difference between dry scalp and dandruff – Rambler / female

Photo: Flickr / theilr The difference between dry scalp and dandruff Dandruff is manifested by the flaking of the scalp and scaly skin particles. In some cases, this is due to a fungal or other scalp infection.A dry scalp, in contrast, occurs when the scalp does not produce or retain enough moisture. Understanding the difference between dandruff and dry scalp can help you choose the right treatment.

Causes of dandruff and dry scalp

Dry scalp occurs when the skin does not produce enough oil. Dry skin can cause itching, flaking and irritation, and hair looks dry.

Cause of dry skin

dry air, especially in winter;

frequent shampooing;

Skin diseases such as eczema.

Cause of dandruff

Dandruff is dead skin cells. Scientists don’t fully understand what causes dandruff. Potential causes of dandruff include:

fungal infections of the scalp;

oily scalp;

Sensitivity to certain substances such as hair products.

These three factors can work together to increase dandruff. For most people, a fungus called Malassezia lives on the scalp and does not cause any problems.However, in people with dandruff, this fungus leads to irritation and flaking. This could be due to how the fungus interacts with other factors.

Dry skin or dandruff?

People with dry scalp may notice dandruff on their hair. Unlike true dandruff, the flakes are usually small and white on dry scalp.

Dandruff flakes are larger, with a yellowish tinge and look greasy. While dandruff and dry scalp can go away, dandruff caused by a fungal infection is unlikely to go away without treatment.Dry scalp can go away on its own if you shampoo less frequently.

Differences between dandruff and dry scalp

For most people it is difficult to tell the difference between dandruff and dry scalp, but with dandruff:

scalp and hair look oily;

there is intense itching of the scalp.

Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis?

However, some scalp conditions can appear like dandruff.

Scalp psoriasis, for example, causes redness, flaking and itching, but is caused by an autoimmune disorder.Seborrheic dermatitis leads to intense, painful inflammation and severe dandruff. Dandruff-like symptoms can be caused by another condition, and a weakened immune system can lead to a deterioration of the scalp.

Treatment methods

Both dandruff and dry scalp can be treated at home.

People with dandruff should use anti-dandruff shampoo regularly. Many anti-dandruff shampoos contain pyrithione, which helps fight fungal infections.Another treatment for dandruff is coal tar shampoo. However, this shampoo can change the color of blonde hair. People who hate the smell of dandruff shampoo can try tea tree oil shampoo, which has antimicrobial properties.

Photo: Flickr / Mike Mozart

Dry scalp – what to do?

Since scientists do not fully understand what causes dandruff, it is unclear if it can be prevented. But you can prevent dry scalp, for this you need to:

Use less irritating shampoos;

use a moisturizing shampoo;

wash hair less often;

use a humidifier;

Drink more water.

Dandruff remains a mystery to many doctors who do not understand how a harmless fungus can cause severe dandruff in some people. Both dandruff and dry scalp are irritating but not harmful. With home treatment, they usually go away.

Satchell A. C. et al. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo // Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. – 2002. – T. 47. -. 6. – S. 852-855.

Xu Z. et al. Dandruff is associated with the conjoined interactions between host and microorganisms // Scientific reports.- 2016. – T. 6. – P. 24877.

Dry scalp in men

When there is a violation in the work of the sebaceous glands, there is peeling, itching, dandruff and a feeling of tightness of the skin. The situation worsens due to a decrease in moisture in the epidermis, because the cells cannot hold it. The surface loses its elasticity and cracks appear on it. How to deal with dry scalp? The article will discuss methods of eliminating such a problem.

What does dry skin mean?

At the same time, the rejection and necrosis of head cells is a normal process, the causes of a pathological nature can be very different.People with dry skin also notice that their hair begins to fall out. With severe itching and loss of curls, skin fungus is most often diagnosed. Such symptoms may indicate the neglect of the problem. To exclude such a disease, diagnostics are carried out in the laboratory. Why does the skin become dry?

Main causes

Dry skin can cause many adverse factors. Most often, pathology is provoked by:

Hereditary predisposition of a person.
Allergic reactions caused by the use of shampoos and other hair care products. In this case, severe itching appears.
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
Fungal infection that occurs on the scalp. It is characterized by itchy skin, small scales, and unsightly hair.
Avitaminosis caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals in the body.
Violation of metabolic processes in the body.
The emergence of serious diseases such as eczema, lichen and psoriasis.
Disorders in the liver, sometimes due to malnutrition.

If the scalp is dry as a result of more serious problems, it is necessary to consult a specialist and properly prescribed treatment.

The risk category most often includes men who are over 40 years of age. The sebaceous glands do not work well, which causes dryness. Collagen fibers lose their elasticity, and an insufficient amount of moisture appears in the cells.

The skin becomes defenseless against external influences. Decreased circulation contributes to the onset of alopecia. If, after washing your hair with conditioner, dryness of the skin appears, you need to urgently find out the exact reason.

If the scalp is dry and flaky, especially after dyeing the hair, then measures must be taken urgently. Especially if increased hair loss occurs.

Dryness of the skin can be determined by several signs:

irritation;
itching;
Constant desire to scratch the scalp;
dandruff occurrence;
fragility and hair loss.

Self-determination of dryness of the scalp is carried out as follows: blot the roots with a napkin – in a normal state, there should be sebum stains on it. Otherwise, there will be dandruff particles on it.

What to do with dry scalp?

When unpleasant sensations arise after washing your hair, dandruff and itching appear, you can get rid of them as follows:

Replace all hair care products. When choosing, pay attention to the components that make up them.
Organize proper nutrition. The menu should include fruits and vegetables, as well as cereals.
Avoid sugar, fried foods and caffeinated foods.
You should get rid of bad habits.
Do not wash hair with hot water. It should be warm. The use of a hair dryer is also necessary to a minimum. After washing, it is better to dry the strands with a towel.
Massage the scalp every day to improve blood circulation.Do this with your fingertips and apply a moisturizing conditioner to it.
In case of frost, be sure to wear a hat to help avoid hypothermia.

All methods should be aimed at solving the following problems:

normalizing the activity of the sebaceous glands
ensuring normal moisture levels

How to properly wash your hair

In order to prevent dry skin, it is recommended to follow the following tips:

Before shampooing, the hair must be combed thoroughly.In this way, they will receive the best nutrition.
Only use the shampoo that is exactly right for your hair.
It should not be applied directly to the strands. First, you need to grind the product in your hands, and then evenly distribute along the length of the hair and scalp. You should start from the back of the head.
Hair should be rinsed thoroughly, as shampoo residues will make it dull and sticky.
Gently pat dry with a towel. A hairdryer should only be used on rare occasions so as not to dry out the scalp.

By following these simple rules, you can avoid very dry scalp and achieve healthy-looking hair.

Why does the scalp get dry after washing

The main reason is the components of shampoo, paints, conditioners and other products. Most often, sodium laureth sulfate or lauryl sulfate causes allergies. In this case, you need to select a product with a gentle composition.

Dry scalp itches because the shampoo used is not suitable.In this case, help can be provided by your master (barber), who will select a set of tools suitable for each specific case.

causes of occurrence, under what diseases it occurs, diagnostics and methods of treatment

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests.For a diagnosis and correct treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Small or large flakes on the scalp are called dandruff. With a significant amount, they crumble on clothes, causing disgust among others. It is believed that dandruff is the result of poor personal hygiene. However, in most cases, the increased flaking of the skin is caused by a disease.

Varieties

The scales can be small and peel off easily.Plates may form that rise above the scalp and flake off when scratched. Grayish-white scaling foci may occur, located not only on the scalp, but also passing to the skin of the face, neck and trunk.

Possible causes

Normally, the top layer of the skin (epidermis) is systematically renewed. In this case, the dying cells slough off, which happens almost imperceptibly. It is easy to determine the condition of the scalp: with light scratching, a small amount of scales remains under the nails.However, when exposed to unfavorable factors or the development of a disease, the number of dead cells can increase and form clusters. Based on the appearance of the scales, their size and localization, it is possible to roughly establish the causes of skin peeling.

Dandruff is not always a symptom of a condition. In some cases, it is caused by a negative effect on the skin: this is an incorrectly selected shampoo, a disturbed diet, sudden changes in ambient temperature.

The provoking factors can also be stress, direct exposure to sunlight, the use of aggressive agents for perm and hair dyeing. In these cases, careful care and the elimination of harmful factors normalize the skin condition, which contributes to the disappearance of dandruff.

Doctors consider dandruff to be a harbinger of seborrheic dermatitis , which can develop under the influence of a number of factors. With seborrheic dermatitis, the formation of dandruff is caused by pathological processes: disruption of the sebaceous glands, accelerated death of epidermal cells and the reproduction of microorganisms.

The scalp contains a large number of sebaceous glands. Changes in their function can lead to either insufficient or excessive production of sebum.

Fat deficiency is caused by an increase in the viscosity of the secretion of the sebaceous glands and the difficulty of its passage through the ducts of the gland.

At the same time, the scalp dries up, there is a feeling of tightness, itching, burning. Hair becomes dry and brittle, and the ends split.

Even if you rarely wash your hair, dandruff does not disappear.These are the characteristic features of dry seborrhea . Lesions with increased desquamation are located in greater numbers along the hairline. Scales can be found on the eyebrows, eyelashes, beard and mustache. The color of the scales varies from white to yellow. Seborrheic dermatitis worsens in winter, which is facilitated by significant fluctuations in air temperature and dry skin. With the progression of the disease, pink spots appear on the skin, covered with white scales.

At oily seborrhea , sebum production increases, and dead cells stick together with fat to form conglomerates.In these clusters, microscopic fungi multiply, which normally live on the scalp in small quantities. By consuming the components of sebum, fungi release substances that irritate the skin, causing inflammation and flaking.

Heat and high humidity also contribute to the growth of fungi. With active scratching, crusts form on the damaged skin, under which pathogenic bacteria multiply.

Disruption of the sebaceous glands is facilitated by a change in hormonal levels in adolescence, pregnancy or postmenopausal women.Increased production of testosterone, which largely determines the work of the sebaceous glands, causes a greater prevalence of seborrhea in men. A decrease in the immune status is also accompanied by an increase in morbidity. It has been proven that in HIV-infected patients, seborrhea occurs 4-10 times more often than in people with normal immunity. It is noted that seborrheic dermatitis is activated when the nervous system is damaged. In patients with paralysis, Parkinson’s disease, this disease is widespread and difficult to treat.

Another reason for the appearance of dandruff is possible – psoriasis . Psoriasis is a systemic disease, which is based on a violation of the immune status.

In this case, leukocytes, which usually destroy foreign agents, begin to mistakenly attack their own tissues, causing inflammation.

Such a failure can occur after a streptococcal infection, trauma, due to inflammatory bowel disease and dysbiosis. Psoriasis usually appears between the ages of 15 and 45, but it can also occur in very young children from 4 months of age.

It has been established that the early onset of the disease is accompanied by a more severe course and leads to damage not only to the skin, but also to the joints, heart, and blood vessels.

In milder forms of psoriasis, only the skin is affected, usually on exposed areas of the body and scalp. Well-defined, bright pink eruptions are covered with whitish scales. Small foci of inflammation can coalesce, forming plaques, also covered with easily obeying scales. In summer, the rash becomes less, and sometimes they disappear completely, but pigmentation remains in their place.In the cold season, with a decrease in immunity, stress, the symptoms of psoriasis may reappear.

Diagnostics and examination

If you cannot cope with dandruff by changing the shampoo, it is recommended to find out the reasons for its appearance by contacting a specialist – a dermatologist or a trichologist. The doctor determines the size of the scales, examines the skin (discoloration, the presence of plaques, scratching), which makes it possible to make a preliminary diagnosis. In addition to the examination, a biochemical blood test should be performed, changes in the results of which may indicate a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

What causes dry scalp and the best treatment for it | Mstol.ru

What Causes Dry Scalp and Best Treatment for

If you abuse dry shampoo or suffer from dandruff, that’s it,
what you need to know about treating an itchy and dry scalp.

No matter what time
years – itchy and dry scalp can cause discomfort.The good news is
is that there are many remedies for the treatment of dry scalp, and now
they look so much cooler than clumsy old bottles of anti-dandruff shampoo,
which you remember. But first, you must determine the root cause of the problem.
Is it dandruff? Or maybe you’ve overused dry shampoo? (It happens.) Maybe
be something completely different?

We talked to the presenters
dermatologists to find out why dryness occurs and how to get to
the root of the problem.Here’s what they advised.

Causes of the problem

There are several reasons,
by which you can deal with dry scalp, including:

Seborrheic
dermatitis (also known as dandruff).
Funds
for hair and styling devices.
Psoriasis.
Eczema.
Allergies.

Read on to
learn more about these conditions and the course of treatment for each.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis –
it’s a fancy term for dandruff, says dermatologist Papri
Sarkar, M.D. in Brooklyn, Mass. And although seborrheic dermatitis
may look like a dry scalp, in fact it is due to too
lots of oil. “Dandruff is caused by overproduction of oil or
other secretions in your skin or an increase in yeast in
normal skin, ”says Carlos Wesley, MD, cosmetic surgeon
and hair loss specialist from New York.The oil on the scalp blocks
exfoliation of dead skin cells as usual, and in turn these
dead cells become more visible – hence the flakes that appear
along the hairline.

Treatment

Dandruff is incurable, but
There are several ways to get rid of the cereal. First, add to your
daily routine anti-dandruff shampoo. “Products containing resin, zinc pyrithione
or selenium sulfide are often the most beneficial, ”says
Wesley.

Since the product must
have scalp contact time to take effect, Sarkar recommends
apply shampoo to the affected area before jumping into the shower and then
wait a few minutes for the formula to take effect. “For most people, I
I recommend to apply it only on the scalp and not on the hair, because it
dries enough, ”she says. “You can alternate it with others
shampoos, but be sure to use it at least a few times a week to
the stain did not come back. “

Dermatologist, passed
studying at Stanford University, Laurel Neversen Geraghty, MD,
recommends home treatments with coconut oil to soothe
your skin. “Many women also feel better if once a week
do home treatments for the scalp, ”she says. “Apply
coconut oil on your scalp before going to bed, put on a shower cap to
the oil is absorbed, and in the morning apply shampoo. “

If dry itchy
peeling does not go away, you can also talk to your dermatologist about
your prescribed steroid. “You can also try an over-the-counter cream with 1%
hydrocortisone and use it twice a day for three to five days. ”
says Sarkar. “It’s mild enough not to cause side effects.”

Hair and
styling devices

If you don’t have dandruff,
your hair styling products or habits may be to blame.“Some gels, creams, balms, lipsticks and sprays can build up on the skin.
scalp and form tiny flakes and itching, ”says Geraty. (Excessive
using dry shampoo can cause anxiety?). “Other products contain
ingredients that can cause contact dermatitis rashes as a result
irritation or allergies. For example, there is a hair dye ingredient under
the name paraphenylenediamine or PPD, which is a common cause of allergies
on the skin and scalp ”.

Dry scalp
can also be caused by how often (or infrequently) you wash your hair
shampoo. “If you use shampoo too often, you may dry out your skin.
scalp, but if you wash it too rarely, your skin may
accumulate natural oil, causing the head to flake off or itch “,
– says Gerath. “Most women know what their scalp and hair are doing.
pleasant to the touch, and this is what you should adhere to, regardless of
any tendencies without shampoo or infrequent use of shampoo. “

Treatment

Start by saying
think about how often you wash your hair. Does itchiness whenever you
stretching between dry shampooing? In this case, either change
formula, or shower more often.

If you are allergic to
hair products are worrisome, a dermatologist may suggest
patch test to see which ingredients your
leather.From there, it’s pretty simple: switch to a new product that isn’t
contains a harmful ingredient, and you will immediately get rid of the flakes.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is
a common skin disorder that can cause redness and
peeling on the scalp. “Usually the peeling is much more and more pronounced with
psoriasis than dandruff. To control this, it is often required
prescription drugs, ”says Gerathy.

Treatment

People with psoriasis also
shampoos containing coal tar or salicylic acid may help
and mineral oil, as a scalp treatment to help soften and
remove scales. A dermatologist may prescribe topical steroid medications –
liquids or foams that dry quickly and do not weigh hair down – which can
be very helpful to combat dryness, itching, flaking, irritation, or
rash.

Eczema

Eczema is a cutaneous
a condition that can cause a red, itchy rash all over the body
– yes, even on the scalp. “Skin cells are usually held together to form
a barrier that helps the skin retain moisture and prevents it from getting inside
“The barrier is damaged in people with eczema,” says Heather Summ, M.D.
a dermatologist at the Northwell Health Medical Group in New York.It means,
that your skin loses moisture more easily, which also makes it easier for allergens to penetrate
and irritants.

Treatment

Flavors frequently
may be causing your eczema to flare up, so you should look for shampoos and
odorless air conditioners. Sometimes it is difficult to find good, but dermis
agree that Exederm, Free and Clear are good options. If you
suspect eczema may be the cause of your itchy scalp, it is worth making an appointment
an appointment with a dermatologist so that you can draw up an individual regimen that
is best for you.

Your Diet

Nobody wants to hear,
that what they eat may be the cause of skin problems, but the fact is,
that certain foods high in carbohydrates may contribute to
an increase in the amount of yeast on the scalp, which leads to the formation
flakes.

Treatment

If you are prone to
dandruff, try cutting back on carbohydrates and sugar to see if
will you notice the difference.You can also take fish oil supplements.
which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and are known to help fight
dryness. Zinc, along with vitamins A, B, and C, can also help preserve your
the skin is hydrated and healthy. And don’t forget to drink more water. (It’s really
helps.)

Prevention of dryness
scalp

Eliminate the root cause
dry scalp is the best way to prevent recurrence of the problem, but you
There are several universal preventative steps you can take.

As mentioned above,
pay attention to when the scalp is swollen. If it happened after
insufficient hand washing, try shampooing more regularly, but if
you are already washing every day, try to reduce this amount every other day.

Activate anti-anxiety
scalp procedures in your daily routine, whether it is an anti-dandruff shampoo,
moisturizing mask with coconut oil or soothing skin serum
heads.

Drink plenty of water.
This is not a magic panacea and will not get rid of the problem overnight, but dehydration
definitely plays a role in the health of your skin. And that’s exactly what you need
need to.

When to contact
dermatologist

You can try
anti-dandruff shampoos or change your hair care regimen, but at some point
you may need to consult a professional.

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Combating Dandruff: Proven Solutions

Natural Remedies for Dandruff

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The Role of Stress in Scalp Health

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Factors Influencing the Scalp Microbiome

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causes of occurrence, under what diseases it occurs, diagnostics and methods of treatment

IMPORTANT!

What causes dry scalp and the best treatment for it | Mstol.ru

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