What causes gynecomastia on one side. How common is unilateral gynecomastia. Can gynecomastia affect only one breast. What are the treatment options for one-sided breast enlargement in men. How does unilateral gynecomastia impact men’s self-esteem.

Understanding Gynecomastia: A Common Yet Often Overlooked Condition

Gynecomastia, a medical condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males, affects a significant portion of the male population. Despite its prevalence, it remains a topic often shrouded in silence due to the embarrassment it can cause. Recent studies indicate that approximately 65% of adult men between the ages of 27 and 90 have experienced some degree of breast tissue enlargement.

This condition occurs when excess glandular tissue causes the breasts to become enlarged and swollen, resulting in a more feminine-looking appearance. While gynecomastia commonly affects both breasts (bilateral), some men experience enlargement in only one breast, a condition known as unilateral gynecomastia.

Unilateral Gynecomastia: When Breast Enlargement Affects One Side

Unilateral gynecomastia, or one-sided breast enlargement, is a less common but equally significant variant of the condition. It presents unique challenges and considerations for those affected. The asymmetry created by unilateral gynecomastia can be particularly distressing for men, as it can be more noticeable and harder to conceal than bilateral cases.

Prevalence of Unilateral Gynecomastia

How common is unilateral gynecomastia compared to bilateral cases? Studies suggest that among adult men with gynecomastia, approximately 35% to 45% of cases are unilateral. This means that a significant portion of men dealing with gynecomastia experience enlargement on only one side of their chest.

Left-Sided Predominance

Interestingly, when unilateral gynecomastia occurs, it tends to affect the left side of the chest more frequently. The reasons for this left-sided predominance remain unclear, and researchers continue to investigate potential explanations for this phenomenon.

Causes of Unilateral Gynecomastia: Exploring the Underlying Factors

The development of gynecomastia, whether bilateral or unilateral, is primarily attributed to hormonal imbalances. However, the exact mechanisms leading to unilateral presentation are not fully understood. Several factors can contribute to the development of gynecomastia:

• Hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated estrogen levels or decreased testosterone levels
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Obesity or excessive weight gain
• Certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, kidney failure, or tumors of the adrenal glands
• Side effects of prescription medications
• Use of anabolic steroids
• Excessive alcohol consumption or use of illicit drugs

Why does gynecomastia sometimes affect only one breast? The medical community has yet to determine the exact reasons for unilateral presentation. It’s possible that local factors, such as differences in tissue sensitivity to hormones or variations in blood supply, may play a role in the asymmetrical development of breast tissue.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Unilateral Gynecomastia

Recognizing the signs of unilateral gynecomastia is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. The primary symptom is noticeable enlargement of breast tissue on one side of the chest. This enlargement can vary in size and may be accompanied by tenderness or discomfort in the affected area.

Physical Characteristics

How can one identify unilateral gynecomastia? The enlarged breast typically presents as a firm or rubbery mass extending from the nipple area. The size of the enlargement can range from barely noticeable to significantly pronounced, causing visible asymmetry in the chest area.

Diagnostic Process

Diagnosis of unilateral gynecomastia involves a thorough physical examination and medical history review. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to rule out other conditions or underlying causes:

1. Blood tests to check hormone levels and assess liver and kidney function
2. Mammography or breast ultrasound to evaluate the breast tissue
3. In rare cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out breast cancer

Is unilateral gynecomastia a cause for concern? While gynecomastia is typically benign, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to rule out more serious conditions, such as breast cancer, especially in cases of unilateral enlargement.

The Psychological Impact of Unilateral Gynecomastia

The effects of unilateral gynecomastia extend beyond physical appearance, often significantly impacting an individual’s mental health and overall well-being. Men with this condition may experience:

• Reduced self-esteem and confidence
• Anxiety in social situations, particularly those involving shirtless activities
• Body image issues and dissatisfaction with physical appearance
• Emotional distress and potential depression

How does unilateral gynecomastia affect daily life? Many men with this condition report avoiding certain activities, such as swimming or going to the gym, due to embarrassment. They may also struggle with finding clothing that fits comfortably and conceals their condition, leading to further stress and social anxiety.

Treatment Options for Unilateral Gynecomastia

Addressing unilateral gynecomastia often requires a multifaceted approach, considering both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. Treatment options can vary depending on the severity of the enlargement and the underlying cause.

Non-Surgical Approaches

In some cases, particularly when the gynecomastia is mild or related to recent hormonal changes, non-surgical treatments may be effective:

• Watchful waiting: For adolescents experiencing puberty-related gynecomastia, the condition often resolves on its own within a few years.
• Lifestyle modifications: Addressing factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, or use of certain medications may help reduce breast tissue.
• Hormone therapy: In cases where hormonal imbalances are the primary cause, medications to regulate hormone levels may be prescribed.

Surgical Interventions

For more severe or persistent cases of unilateral gynecomastia, surgical options may be recommended:

1. Liposuction: This procedure can effectively remove excess fat tissue from the breast area.
2. Male breast reduction surgery: Also known as reduction mammoplasty, this surgery removes excess glandular tissue and skin to create a more masculine chest contour.
3. Combination approach: In many cases, a combination of liposuction and glandular tissue excision yields the best results.

What factors determine the most suitable treatment for unilateral gynecomastia? The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and their personal preferences. A consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon specializing in gynecomastia treatment can help determine the most appropriate approach.

Living with Unilateral Gynecomastia: Coping Strategies and Support

While seeking medical treatment is important, developing coping strategies can help individuals manage the psychological impact of unilateral gynecomastia:

• Educate yourself: Understanding the condition can help alleviate anxiety and misconceptions.
• Seek support: Joining support groups or online communities can provide a sense of community and shared experience.
• Practice self-care: Engaging in activities that boost self-esteem and overall well-being can be beneficial.
• Consider counseling: Professional therapy can help address body image issues and develop coping mechanisms.

How can friends and family support someone with unilateral gynecomastia? Providing emotional support, avoiding negative comments about appearance, and encouraging open communication can make a significant difference in helping individuals cope with the condition.

Advances in Unilateral Gynecomastia Research and Treatment

The field of gynecomastia treatment continues to evolve, with ongoing research aimed at improving diagnostic techniques and treatment outcomes. Recent advances include:

• Enhanced imaging techniques for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning
• Refined surgical techniques that minimize scarring and improve aesthetic outcomes
• Exploration of non-invasive treatments, such as targeted hormone therapies
• Increased focus on the psychological aspects of gynecomastia in treatment protocols

What future developments can we expect in unilateral gynecomastia treatment? Researchers are exploring personalized treatment approaches based on genetic factors and hormone profiles, which may lead to more effective and tailored interventions for individuals with unilateral gynecomastia.

As awareness of gynecomastia, including its unilateral presentation, continues to grow, it’s crucial for men experiencing symptoms to seek professional medical advice. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve both physical appearance and psychological well-being, allowing individuals to regain confidence and enjoy a better quality of life.

Can Gynecomastia Appear On Only One Side?

Dr. Younghoon Cho | 10/13/2020

Gynecomastia can be an embarrassing medical condition for male patients. You may be unfamiliar with the term, as it is not often discussed in social circles. However, studies have shown that roughly 65% of adult men from ages 27 to 90 have dealt with breast tissue enlargement. It occurs when excess glandular tissue causes the breasts to become enlarged and swollen, taking on a more feminine-looking appearance. While some men experience this condition in both breasts (bilateral), others struggle with it in only one breast, also known as unilateral gynecomastia.

Although there are usually no health risks involved, the condition can be embarrassing and painful for patients. In most cases, gynecomastia is treatable with liposuction, male breast reduction surgery, or a combination of both. Board-certified plastic surgeon Dr. Young Cho at Chiseled in Spring, TX is highly experienced in performing these procedures for his patients hindered by this medical condition, helping them to achieve their aesthetic goals. Read on to learn more about this condition from Dr. Cho.

Why do I have enlarged breasts?

Gynecomastia is a benign breast enlargement that is a firm or rubbery mass extending from the nipple area. It is typically a bilateral condition for men, but, sometimes, can be a unilateral issue for patients. One-sided gynecomastia, like bilateral growth, is most commonly caused by an imbalance of hormones, resulting in a patient’s estrogen levels being too high or out of balance with testosterone levels. Additional scientific and medical explanations for why some men suffer from gynecomastia are:

• Lack of proper nutrition
• Overweight
• Medical conditions, such as liver disease, kidney failure, or tumors on the adrenal glands
• Adverse side effect from a prescription medication
• Anabolic steroids
• Excessive use of alcohol or certain “street drugs”

What should I know about unilateral gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is typically a benign condition that poses no additional health risks to patients. Unilateral gynecomastia, also known as “one-sided” breast enlargement, can vary from patient to patient. The benign growth can be either small or large, making a man’s chest look less masculine and more feminine-like in appearance. It is a medical condition that can have a profound mental impact on confidence and self-esteem. In most cases, it generally is seen as a bilateral growth in both breasts, but there is a small percentage of patients who have asymmetrical gynecomastia or one-sided. It is also more common for men to develop a “man boob” on the left side of the chest for unknown reasons. The medical community is also unsure why some patients develop only unilateral gynecomastia, and both breasts are not affected simultaneously.

Is there any treatment for unilateral gynecomastia?

At least one in every four male patients can develop excessive glandular breast tissue, leading to an ongoing condition unless treated. For adult men plagued by this condition, approximately 35% – 45% of cases are unilateral gynecomastia. While it’s uncommon for individuals to have a perfectly symmetrical chest area, pronounced breast enlargement on one side upsets the balance and symmetry, making it difficult to hide under clothing or with body posture. In terms of diagnosis and treatment, both types of gynecomastia are the same. Some patients in Spring, TX try testosterone replacement therapy or other prescribed medications to reduce enlarged breast tissue. In more severe cases, liposuction or male breast reduction surgery, or a combination of both can reduce symptoms of unilateral gynecomastia, providing body contouring help so patients can feel confident again when shirtless.

Although unilateral gynecomastia typically does not pose any severe health concerns, this condition’s hallmark symptoms of swollen breast tissue should be examined to rule out a more serious medical issue, such as breast cancer. When medications can’t reduce the breast’s size, liposuction or a breast reduction surgery can be highly effective at restoring a more masculine-looking appearance and self-confidence. To learn more or schedule a consultation at Chiseled with Dr. Young Cho, contact our office in Spring, TX today.

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Gynecomastia | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is a condition of overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys. The breasts become larger. They may grow unevenly.

Gynecomastia often happens when a preteen or teenage boy is going through the hormonal changes of puberty. But it can also happen to newborn babies and to men as they age.

What causes gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is usually a benign (noncancerous) condition. It may be linked to many different causes of hormone changes. In many cases, the cause isn’t known.

Gynecomastia is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone (estrogen) and the male hormone (testosterone). But it can be caused by other things as well.

Gynecomastia can be a side effect of certain medicines, such as antidepressants, antibiotics, chemotherapy, prostate cancer medicines, ulcer or cardiovascular medicines. Illegal drugs, such as anabolic steroids, heroin, or marijuana can also cause gynecomastia.

Some diseases and medical conditions may also cause gynecomastia. These include:

• Liver diseases
• Kidney disease
• Lung cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Tumors of the adrenal glands or pituitary gland
• Some conditions that a baby is born with (congenital disorders)
• Thyroid disorders
• Injury or trauma
• Obesity

Newborn babies may have a short-term form of gynecomastia. This is often because a mother’s estrogen stays in a baby’s blood for a while after birth.

Gynecomastia is not linked to breast cancer. It is rare that men get breast cancer. But your provider may do some tests to rule out breast cancer.

What are the symptoms of gynecomastia?

You may have gynecomastia in one or both breasts. It may start as a lump or fatty tissue beneath the nipple, which may be sore. The breasts often get larger unevenly.

The symptoms of gynecomastia may look like other medical conditions or problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is gynecomastia diagnosed?

Your provider will take your past health and medicine history and give you a physical exam.

To rule out other diseases or conditions, you may also have tests including:

• Blood tests, including liver function tests and hormone studies
• Urine tests
• A low-dose X-ray of your breast (mammogram)
• A small breast tissue sample (a biopsy) may be removed and checked for cancer cells

 In some cases, tests are not needed to diagnose the condition

Your provider may suggest that you see a provider who specializes in hormones and how they affect many organs (an endocrinologist).

How is gynecomastia treated?

Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment for you based on:

• How old you are
• Your overall health and past health
• How sick you are
• How well you handle certain medicines, treatments, or therapies
• How long the condition is expected to last
• Your opinion or preference

Most cases of gynecomastia happen during puberty. The condition usually gets better on its own without treatment. This may take from 6 months to 2 or 3 years.

If a medicine is causing your breast enlargement, you may need to stop taking the medicine. That can solve the problem. If a disease is causing the condition, the disease will need to be treated.

Hormone therapy may be used to treat gynecomastia.

In rare cases, surgery may be used to remove the extra tissue.

Key points about gynecomastia

• Gynecomastia is an overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys.
• The breasts become larger. They often grow unevenly.
• It is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone (estrogen) and the male hormone (testosterone). Other things may cause it as well.
• Most cases happen when a preteen or teenage boy is going through puberty. But it can also happen to newborn babies and older men.
• It often goes away on its own. In some cases, hormone therapy is needed. Surgery may also help treat the condition.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Gynecomastia ▷ How to get rid of breast enlargement in men

What is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia means an enlargement of the mammary gland in a man. It should be distinguished from lipomastia, in which only fats are deposited in a man’s chest. With gynecomastia, the glandular tissue of the breast grows, while the increase can occur on one or both sides.

In most cases, breast enlargement is benign, but cases are not excluded.

breast cancer in men

, especially if the breast grows on one side. Therefore, if there is any doubt, an ultrasound examination should be performed together with

mammography

.

Frequency and grading of gynecomastia

In half of the patients, the pathogenesis of gynecomastia is unclear. Although more than 90% of all newborns have physiological gynecomastia, it decreases to about 50-70% during puberty, and at this age it is also not necessarily associated with the disease. About half of all men experience breast enlargement at some point in their lives.

To be able to determine the stage of the disease, three degrees are distinguished according to Deutinger:

• Grade I: Small, inconspicuous breasts appear.
• Grade II: The male chest resembles that of a young girl.
• Grade III: severe gynecomastia with folds under the breasts.

Reasons: why can gynecomastia develop?

Gynecomastia can occur for physiological and non-physiological reasons. Physiological breast enlargement in men determines non-pathological changes.

Physiological:

Gynecomastia is considered normal if it occurs during infancy, puberty, or old age. Thus, gynecomastia is associated exclusively with hormonal levels, for example, with excess weight. However, we are only talking about adipose tissue here, so this is not gynecomastia per se, but pseudogynecomastia or lipomastia.

Non-physiological

: here, male breast enlargement occurs due to pathological changes caused by medication or hormonal imbalance in a man.

Drug gynecomastia

There are certain drugs that are an important factor in the development of gynecomastia:

• Finasteride: a prostate drug that is also used as a hair restorative
• Anabolic steroids: Muscle-building drugs in bodybuilding (called “gyno” by bodybuilders for short)
• Spironolactone: a diuretic for the kidneys
• Anti-acidity drugs: cimetidine, omeprazole, pantoprazole, ranitidine
• Hormonal drugs: estrogens and antiandrogens, increasingly used in sex reassignment
• Cardiac drugs: quite rarely digitalis, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists
• Alcohol and drug abuse can also cause pathological gynecomastia.

Hormonal disorders as the cause of breast enlargement in men

Gynecomastia can develop when there is an excess of the female sex hormone estrogen or a lack of the male sex hormone testosterone. An increase in estrogen occurs with tumors of the adrenal cortex or testicles.

In addition, the symptom of gynecomastia can also be caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Androgenic hormone deficiency is associated with underdeveloped testicles, castration, hyperthyroidism, or special conditions such as prolactinoma or Klinefelter’s syndrome, in which patients have one or more extra X chromosomes.

How is gynecomastia diagnosed?

In any case, the diagnosis includes laboratory analysis of hormones, as well as liver and thyroid values ​​​​using the usual blood sampling procedure. Especially in elderly patients with unilateral breast augmentation, malignant breast cancer should be excluded by appropriate mammography and ultrasound.

The more accurate the diagnosis, the more the attending physician knows about the patient’s medical history and the more thorough the physical examination, as this is the only way to develop an optimal treatment concept for each patient.

Symptoms of Gynecomastia

With breast augmentation in men, pain plays a secondary role. Here, rather, a psychological moment that worries the patient: visually, as well as in terms of awareness of his body as a man.

As a rule, with gynecomastia, the nipples and areola also increase. Glandular tissue is easy to distinguish from adipose tissue: as the tissue grows, it pushes the nipple outward, making it larger.

If an extreme form of gynecomastia is manifested, the so-called fold under the breast, like in a woman, may develop. Particular attention should be paid to breast cancer in men: the changes are the same as in a woman, but usually appear only on one side with the following symptoms:

• Bleeding around the nipple with very rough, palpable knots
• Skin may tighten or shrink
• inflamed skin
• With advanced breast cancer, the skin sticks out like an orange peel
• Also at a later stage, tissue defects and swelling of the armpits can occur.

Treatment of gynecomastia

Treatment options may be conservative without surgery or include surgical methods.

Treatment of gynecomastia without surgery

The conservative method aims to relieve the symptoms mentioned above and eliminate possible hormonal imbalances. Here, the interaction of different specialists is necessary: ​​endocrinologists, cardiologists, therapists, general practitioners and urologists work together. Conservative therapy cannot reduce enlarged male breasts, but it can prevent or slow down progressive growth. Conservative and operative methods are often combined together.

Surgery for Gynecomastia: Male Breast Reduction

The surgery option for gynecomastia depends on the type of breast augmentation.

Surgery for pseudogynecomastia

With breast augmentation due to the growth of adipose tissue, liposuction is indicated in most cases. Often you can do without a skin incision in the areola. Instead, a small incision is made in the border area of ​​the pectoral muscle, a small amount of fluid is infiltrated, which increases the adipose tissue, and then it is pumped out.

In some cases, the breasts are so pronounced that liposuction alone will not give good results, so an additional classic breast reduction has to be performed.

Surgery for gynecomastia

Breast enlargement is corrected not only by liposuction, since the glandular tissue is too rough and dense for this. Accordingly, liposuction and removal of the male mammary gland, the so-called mastectomy in men, is performed. Here, an incision is made in the nipple area, through which excess glandular tissue is removed.

Because gynecomastia often results in an enlarged nipple, it can also be reduced during surgery. At the end of each such intervention, a drain is installed to drain the tissue fluid.

In severe forms of gynecomastia (Deutinger grade III), breast reduction can be indicated, which is also performed in women: a T-shaped, I-shaped or special incision in the areola provides access through which the glandular tissue is removed. The chest is then pulled up and stitched back together.

What should be considered after gynecomastia surgery?

If breast reduction was performed with liposuction alone, outpatient treatment is possible. However, if a mastectomy has been performed, a hospital stay is mandatory. When diagnosing a severe and moderate course of the disease, the patient is operated on under general anesthesia.

As with any surgery, there may also be general risks and complications such as infections, bruising, bleeding, or impaired wound healing, although these are rare. Sports activities are prohibited for six weeks after the operation. In addition, a compression vest is mandatory, especially during the initial phase after surgery, to prevent or minimize swelling, effusion, and bruising.

Which doctors and clinics are specialists in the treatment of gynecomastia?

Men with breast augmentation first need to find out the cause. The first point of contact here is usually the family doctor. If malignant breast cancer or hormonal disorders are suspected, the patient may be referred to a specialist in gynecology, urology, or endocrinology. After that, if the person concerned wants to have an operation to remove gynecomastia, he should contact a specialist in plastic and aesthetic surgery. They specialize in male breast reduction.

We will help you find a specialist to treat your disease. All the listed doctors and clinics have been checked by us for their high qualification in the field of gynecomastia surgery. They are waiting for your request or request for treatment.

We determine gynecomastia in men by symptoms, find out the causes and perform treatment at the Constanta Clinic

Gynecomastia in men is a disease based on one- or two-sided enlargement of the mammary glands. The disease can progress both against the background of hormonal disorders, and in relatively healthy men who do not have problems with hormones, but are obese.

There are two forms of gynecomastia in men: physiological and pathological. The physiological variant of breast tissue enlargement occurs in newborns and adolescents, as well as in the elderly, in whose bodies the level of testosterone decreases sharply, and female sex hormones, estrogens, begin to predominate. Gynecomastia in the neonatal period occurs due to the influence of mother’s hormones that enter the child in utero.

At puberty, many adolescents suffer from bilateral breast enlargement, which usually resolves on its own without any treatment. The problem is associated with changes in the hormonal background, namely, with an increase in the amount of estrogens and their predominance over male sex hormones.

In most cases of gynecomastia in men, there is a bilateral increase in the volume of the mammary glands. At the Constanta Clinic, you can seek qualified medical assistance, make an appointment with experienced specialists who will conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and establish the true causes of the development of the disease. Doctors will develop individual tactics for the treatment of gynecomastia, in accordance with the diagnostic data obtained and the general well-being of the patient. Read more about the treatment of gynecomastia in men in our Clinic.

Main causes of gynecomastia in men

Normally, the mammary glands in men and adolescents are underdeveloped, formed by a small amount of glandular tissue. With obesity, adipose tissue begins to predominate. Breast volume is due to the influence of female sex hormones – estrogens, as well as prolactin – a pituitary hormone. When, for various reasons, the androgenic index decreases and the amount of estrogen increases, there is an excessive growth of the mammary glands in men according to the female type with a predominance of glandular cells.

Unlike physiological gynecomastia in men, which is considered a passing phenomenon and in most cases is eliminated on its own, the pathological form of the disease is often associated with organic pathology and serious internal disorders. It is often necessary to involve highly specialized specialists in treatment: therapists, endocrinologists, oncologists, and surgeons.

The main causes of true pathological gynecomastia:

• a similar condition is typical for neoplasms of the pituitary gland and testicles, primary hypogonadism, prostate adenoma and other hormonally active tumors;
• increase in the amount of prolactin – increased secretion is associated with neoplasms of the pituitary gland and a lack of thyroid hormones;
• treatment with drugs that stimulate the synthesis of estrogens and prolactin;
• taking steroids;
• infectious and inflammatory processes, immunodeficiency states;
• chronic intoxication;
• overweight;
• diseases of the liver and kidneys;
• diseases that are accompanied by metabolic disorders and dysfunction of the endocrine glands.

Drug dependence has an extremely unfavorable effect on the state of the liver and mammary glands. Potent drugs, especially of the opiate group, increase the synthesis of prolactin, disrupt the functional abilities of the liver, disrupt the course of metabolic reactions, change the state of the gonads and reduce the amount of testosterone produced. All this increases the synthesis of female sex hormones and leads to the development of gynecomastia.

Main symptoms of gynecomastia

The main symptom of gynecomastia is the overgrowth of the mammary glands. As a rule, in men, an increase in predominantly glandular tissue is observed. With an increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the chest area, specialists diagnose pseudogynecomastia. In addition to the appearance of mammary glands that are not characteristic of the male constitution, other signs of the disease may be present:

• abnormal discharge from the nipples;
• pain in the chest;
• nipple sensitivity;
• induration of breast tissue;
• Discomfort when rubbing the chest against clothing.

If abnormal growth of the mammary glands is detected, it is necessary to contact specialists as soon as possible. Only doctors, having wide diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, can make an accurate diagnosis and choose an effective treatment regimen for gynecomastia in a man. Specialists are especially wary of a unilateral enlargement of the mammary gland, which can be observed with the development of a malignant pathology, as well as the appearance of bloody discharge from the nipple and suspicious seals. Sometimes, against the background of male gynecomastia, the axillary lymph nodes increase, which can also be considered an alarming symptom that requires a doctor’s consultation and a detailed examination of the breast and surrounding tissues.

Gynecomastia examination

To make a preliminary diagnosis, it is enough for the doctor to conduct a standard examination and palpation of the breast tissue and adjacent lymph nodes. But an accurate diagnosis of gynecomastia is carried out only on the basis of the results of modern research. Ultrasound is considered the main method of diagnosis. Specialists conduct an ultrasound examination of the mammary glands, organs of the scrotum, axillary lymph nodes.

Laboratory studies are actively used, which include the determination of the level of testosterone, hCG, estradiol and prolactin, as well as other hormones (if indicated). If you suspect the development of a malignant tumor, a biopsy of the mammary glands is prescribed. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of internal organs are used.

In the CONSTANTA Clinic, patients have access to many types of modern diagnostic and laboratory tests, which allow them to obtain the most reliable information about the patient’s condition and the work of all his internal organs, including the endocrine glands. We provide professional assistance to men with gynecomastia and provide both symptomatic and surgical treatment.

Gynecomastia is a serious disease that requires an integrated approach and the participation of experienced professionals. Delays in contacting the Clinic or the use of dubious home treatments for gynecomastia in men can lead to the development of serious complications. Our specialists have at their disposal modern therapeutic and surgical methods to combat this disease, which are highly effective and safe. You can discuss treatment options with your doctor. Do not hesitate to ask the specialist questions that interest you. The doctors of the Constanta Clinic are focused on respecting the interests of their patients and the maximum concentration of professional forces on solving the problems of each applicant.

Gynecomastia and steroids

Taking anabolic steroids often leads to the development of male gynecomastia. Steroid hormones contribute to the excessive formation of female sex hormones, in particular – estradiol. As a result of long-term use of anabolic steroids by athletes, there is a deposition of adipose tissue according to the female type and a bilateral increase in the mammary glands. Athletes taking steroids should take care of the prevention of gynecomastia in advance. It consists in taking special drugs that block estrogen receptors. Ideally, an athlete’s career should be built without the use of steroid drugs, which have a detrimental effect not only on hormonal status, but also on the entire male body.

Gynecomastia due to endocrine pathologies

Endocrine diseases often cause the development of gynecomastia in men. Various pituitary tumors lead to hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism. In this state, the synthesis of gonadotropins, testicular function are disturbed, spermatogenesis may decrease. As a result, men note a decrease in potency and the disappearance of libido. Adolescents in this state do not have a pronounced expression of secondary sexual characteristics.

Hyperprolactinemia is observed with the growth of prolactinoma, as well as with other pituitary adenomas and the presence of hormonally inactive adenomas. In childhood, gynecomastia can occur with hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormones increase estradiol levels. To get rid of gynecomastia provoked by hyperthyroidism, it is first necessary to treat the underlying disease.

Gynecomastia and genetic pathologies

Genetic anomalies often underlie the development of gynecomastia. Most often, excessive growth of breast tissue is diagnosed in men with Klinefelter syndrome, in which an extra X chromosome is detected in the cells. These men are more sensitive to estrogen. With this disease, hyperprolactinemia occurs, which also enhances the manifestations of gynecomastia.

In Klinefelter’s syndrome, puberty may occur on time, but puberty is often delayed. Patients are predominately tall and have abnormal physiques, in which the lower torso is significantly larger than the upper. The size of the testicles is reduced. With chromosomal abnormalities, the treatment of gynecomastia is predominantly surgical. The nodular form of the disease requires constant medical supervision and a biopsy after surgery or at the diagnostic stage.

Reifenstein’s syndrome occurs with increased estrogen synthesis and the development of gynecomastia. Symptoms of the disease appear, as a rule, during adolescence, when hormonal changes in the body occur. At the same time, specialists identify signs of underdevelopment of the genital organs. Such patients require hormone replacement therapy with an individual selection of the dosage of funds.

True hermaphroditism also occurs with symptoms of gynecomastia. The patient usually learns about his problem at the beginning of the puberty, when the active growth of the mammary glands begins and other signs of the formation of a figure according to the female type appear.

Gynecomastia and liver diseases

Some pathologies of the liver can lead to the development of gynecomastia. Important metabolic processes take place in the liver tissues. This organ is responsible for the metabolism of steroids. Therefore, in case of violation of its work, with the development of hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, the risk of growth of the mammary glands in men increases. Specific renal enzymes lead to the destruction of prolactin and gonadotropins, as well as to a slowdown in the release of body tissues from metabolic products. All this often leads to an increase in the level of prolactin and estrogen, causing the progression of gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia and neoplasms of the mammary glands

Tumors in the mammary glands are often mistaken for true gynecomastia. The process is most often unilateral, but sometimes neoplasms cover two mammary glands at once. To the touch, the tumor has a dense texture, usually soldered to neighboring tissues and is distinguished by fuzzy contours. With neoplasms of the breast in men, sanious discharge from the nipples may appear, sometimes the lymph nodes in the armpit are noticeably enlarged.

When a neoplasm is detected, specialists refer the patient to mammography, ultrasound, MRI and prescribe a biopsy, the results of which can determine the nature of the tumor and make appropriate predictions for the future.

Iatrogenic Gynecomastia

Iatrogenic gynecomastia occurs while taking certain medications. The risk group includes patients who undergo hormonal treatment with estrogens, as well as other hormones (gonadotropins, glucocorticoids). Against the background of hypogonadism, specialists often prescribe testosterone, which is toxic to the liver and can cause signs of temporary gynecomastia. Cardiac glycosides have a similar effect, stimulating the active production of steroids and disrupting the functional abilities of the testicles.

Drug-induced gynecomastia is most often a reversible process that can be stopped after the drug is discontinued, which provoked excessive growth of the mammary glands. But it is necessary to stop the drugs as soon as possible. If you do not pay attention to the appearance of gynecomastia on the background of drug therapy for 6-12 months or more, irreversible fibrotic processes will begin to occur in the tissues of the mammary gland. The advanced form of the disease is mainly subject to surgical treatment.

Principles of treatment of gynecomastia

Treatment of gynecomastia in men can be therapeutic and surgical. The physiological form of the disease in adolescents and newborns usually disappears spontaneously and does not require the use of specific therapy. According to indications, specialists can carry out hormonal correction with drugs that reduce the level of female hormones. But any drugs used to treat gynecomastia in men are prescribed only by qualified specialists who are familiar with your clinical case. Self-administration of medications, without studying the hormonal status and diagnostic results, can lead to adverse health effects and an increase in the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Conservative therapy for gynecomastia is the appointment of hormonal agents containing testosterone. Such drugs are effective in the initial period of the development of the disease, in the first months, when cicatricial changes and other complications that require surgery have not yet occurred.

A severe form of gynecomastia is difficult to treat conservatively. It is extremely important to seek medical help in a timely manner, when it is possible to achieve high efficiency of drug therapy. If the doctor recommends surgical treatment, do not refuse it. Today, men with gynecomastia get the opportunity to undergo minimally invasive surgical interventions, after which there are no rough keloid scars in the mammary glands. It is these operations that are carried out at the Constanta Clinic. Excess tissue is removed through the subareolar approach or using an endoscopic method with access from the armpit. In the second case, absolutely no scars remain on the skin of the chest.

With false gynecomastia, liposuction is indicated. The surgeon sucks out excess fat through small punctures in the skin or removes it in a classic surgical way. The operation is performed under general or local anesthesia, depending on the patient’s condition and his wishes.

Preparation for surgical treatment of gynecomastia in men

No complex preparatory activities are carried out. The patient undergoes a comprehensive examination, which allows assessing his state of health and choosing the appropriate tactics for surgical intervention. Based on the diagnostic data, the doctor makes predictions for the future and selects the correct treatment regimen that prevents the development of complications, both during the operation and in the postoperative period.

The operation is carried out on an empty stomach. The doctor will tell you in detail about the features of the surgical stage and the recovery period. You must strictly follow the doctor’s prescriptions, in case of any questions or deterioration of health, it is recommended to contact your doctor without delay.

Recovery period after surgical treatment of gynecomastia

In most cases, surgical treatment of gynecomastia in men proceeds without complications. As a rule, long-term hospitalization is not required. The patient is discharged home, giving detailed recommendations on the rules of conduct and prevention of complications.