What are the symptoms of constipation? What causes constipation? How can constipation be relieved? Get the answers to these questions and more in this comprehensive guide.

Understanding Constipation

Constipation is a common digestive issue characterized by hard, dry bowel movements or passing stool less than three times a week. It can be caused by various factors, including diet, medications, pregnancy, or changes in routine. Approximately 16 out of 100 U.S. adults experience constipation, with the figure doubling for those over the age of 60.

Symptoms of Constipation

Recognizing the symptoms of constipation is the first step in addressing the issue. The following are common signs of constipation:

• Fewer than three bowel movements per week
• Passing lumpy, hard, or dry stool
• Straining or experiencing pain during bowel movements
• Feeling of fullness, even after having a bowel movement

If the symptoms do not improve or you notice additional concerning signs, such as rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, persistent abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, it is recommended to seek medical advice to rule out more serious conditions.

Causes of Constipation

Constipation can have various underlying causes, including:

1. Low-fiber diet, particularly diets high in meat, milk, or cheese
2. Dehydration
3. Lack of physical activity
4. Delaying the urge to have a bowel movement
5. Changes in routine, such as travel
6. Certain medications, including antacids, pain medications, diuretics, and some treatments for Parkinson’s disease
7. Pregnancy
8. Older age (constipation affects around one-third of people ages 60 and over)
9. Underlying health conditions, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, intestinal obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or diverticulosis
10. Hormonal problems, including an underactive thyroid gland
11. Overuse or misuse of laxatives

Treating and Preventing Constipation

Fortunately, there are several effective ways to treat and prevent constipation:

Dietary Changes

Increasing your intake of fiber-rich foods, such as raw fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans, prunes, or bran cereal, can help soften and add bulk to your stool. Aim for a daily fiber intake of 20 to 35 grams. Limiting low-fiber foods, like meat, milk, cheese, and processed foods, can also aid in relieving constipation.

Hydration and Exercise

Drinking 1.5 to 2 quarts of unsweetened fluids, such as water, each day can help keep your body hydrated and support regular bowel movements. Limiting alcohol and caffeinated beverages, which can contribute to dehydration, is also recommended. Additionally, engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or biking, for at least 150 minutes per week can help stimulate the digestive system.

Bathroom Habits

When you feel the urge to have a bowel movement, it’s important not to delay. The longer you wait, the harder your stool can become. Additionally, raising your knees by placing your feet on a footstool while using the bathroom can help relax your muscles and facilitate easier bowel movements.

Medication and Laxatives

In some cases, a healthcare professional may recommend over-the-counter laxatives or enemas for a short period to help soften your stools. However, it’s important to use laxatives sparingly and never for more than two weeks without consulting a healthcare professional, as they can lead to dependence.

Addressing Underlying Conditions

If home remedies are not effective, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying health conditions that may be contributing to your constipation, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Parkinson’s disease. They can also assess any medications you are taking and make adjustments if necessary.

Conclusion

Constipation is a common digestive issue that can be caused by various factors, including diet, medications, and underlying health conditions. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and effective treatment options, individuals can take steps to alleviate constipation and maintain regular, healthy bowel movements. If symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to seek medical advice to ensure proper management and rule out any underlying medical concerns.