Signs You Have Bladder Infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

By your 10th trip to the bathroom in 2 hours, you might wonder if you have a bladder infection. And you may be right, especially if it hurts, burns, or stings when you pee.

Bladder infections are the most common type of urinary tract infection (UTI). They’re caused by bacteria and lead to problems like pain in your lower belly and having to pee way more often than usual.

Your doctor can do some simple tests to find out if you have one, and they’re usually easy to treat. If you get bladder infections often, your doctor may want to do more advanced tests to find the cause.

Basic Tests

Your doctor will first do a physical exam and talk to you about your symptoms. That may be enough to find out whether you have one.

If not, you’ll get a urine analysis. This is a test that checks for bacteria, blood, or pus in a sample of your pee. Your doctor may also run a urine culture to find out which bacteria are causing your infection.

Advanced Tests

Getting a bladder infection once in a while may be a bother, but it’s not usually a serious health concern. Sometimes, though, it’s important to know the cause of the infection, because medicine alone may not be enough to treat it.

You may get more advanced tests if you belong to one of these groups:

• Children
• Men (Because they tend not to get bladder infections, it could be a sign of something else.)
• People who have kidney damage
• Women who get three or more bladder infections in a year or have blood in their urine

To find the cause of a bladder infection, your doctor can use:

• Cystoscopy. Your doctor inserts a cystoscope – a thin tube with a camera — into your urethra to look for problems or to get a tissue sample for more testing (biopsy).
• Imaging. An ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI can show tumors, kidney stones, and other issues.
• Intravenous urogram (IVU). This is an X-ray that uses contrast dye to take images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
• Voiding cystourethrography. Your doctor puts a dye into your bladder to see if any urine flows backward from the bladder toward the kidneys.
• Retrograde urethrography. This test uses contrast dye to find problems in the urethra.

Treatment

A mild bladder infection may go away on its own within a few days. If it doesn’t, it’s usually treated with antibiotics. You usually start to feel better in a day or so, but be sure to take all the medicine as directed.

Women with a basic infection usually take antibiotics for 3 to 7 days, though some doctors may give you an antibiotic you can take just once. For stronger infections, or if you get them often, you may take antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. And, if you have another health condition, such as diabetes, you may get a stronger antibiotic to take over a longer time.

For women past menopause, your doctor may also suggest a vaginal cream with estrogen, if it’s safe for you.

For men who have a bladder infection caused by a prostate infection, you may be on antibiotics for several weeks.

Your doctor may also give you medicine to help with symptoms such as pain or the constant urge to pee.

Self-Care

Here are some things you can do at home to get relief:

• Avoid having sex.
• Drink lots of water, but avoid alcohol, caffeine, and spicy foods. They can all make your symptoms worse.
• Take a pain reliever.
• Try a 15- to 20-minute soak in a warm bath.
• Use a heating pad on your lower belly.

Will a UTI go away on its own without antibiotics?

Around 50-60% of women will develop at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime, and people with diabetes and men with enlarged prostate glands are also at risk. Burning and stinging on urination, and feeling achy, sick and tired are the common symptoms of bladder infections, and can make life a misery for those who suffer frequent UTI infections.

Studies show that Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the organism that causes UTIs in the majority of patients, and most infections are caused by bacteria from the bowel getting into the bladder. This is why women are more susceptible, as the anus is so close to the urethra (opening to the urinary tract).

To reduce the risk of infection, wiping from front-to-back after a bowel movement, maintaining personal hygiene, staying hydrated, and using a pH-balanced lubricant during sex (to prevent skin irritation) or topical oestrogen cream following the menopause (to reduce vaginal dryness) may be useful. But self-care tips aren’t always enough to prevent UTIs.

Wait it out?

Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) is a common type of UTI, particularly in women, and is not usually a cause for serious concern.

“It’s certainly true that a substantial number of cases of cystitis do clear up with fluids plus painkillers and many patients do manage their condition this way,” says Mr Ased Ali, a member of the Bladder Health UK medical panel and a consultant urologist with Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust.

The 2018 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) UTI guidelines include fluid and painkillers in self-care for simple bladder infections with no signs of serious infection such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection) or sepsis. They also suggest that in some situations patients should have ‘back-up’ antibiotics to be taken if symptoms worsen or after 48 hours if symptoms are not settling. They leave open the option of giving a prescription to some women immediately. Men, pregnant women and under-16s should have a urine sample sent to the lab for culture and should be offered antibiotics to take straightaway.

Your pharmacist can advise on interim options to control symptoms while you wait for them to resolve. For instance, they can provide sachets which alkalinise the urine, relieving burning and the desire to pass water.

The risks of leaving a UTI untreated

“There was a suggestion in a small German study in 2010 that using just painkillers may be no worse than antibiotics,” adds Ali. “But a more extensive study by the same group in 2015 refuted this and showed that women who did not take antibiotics had a significantly higher total burden of symptoms, and more cases of pyelonephritis – a severe infection of the kidney which can require hospital admission and can lead to sepsis.”

Similar results to the German trial were seen in a Swiss study in 2017 and a recent Norwegian one in 2018. Both showed that avoiding antibiotics was an inferior approach to treating UTIs. While many women will get over the infection without antibiotics, a proportion will experience severe complications.

“Although substantial numbers of women recovered without antibiotics, between 4-5% of the women not treated with antibiotics went on to develop pyelonephritis,” explains Ali. “The authors of the Norwegian paper stated that they could not recommend ibuprofen alone as initial treatment for women with uncomplicated UTIs.”

When do you need antibiotics?

In its SIGN 88 guidelines for UK healthcare, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network recommends antibiotic treatment for otherwise healthy women, under 65, who have three or more symptoms of UTI.

Potential symptoms of UTI are listed as follows: pain passing urine (dysuria), frequency of urination, bladder pain, urgency, passing lots of urine (polyuria), and passing blood in the urine (haematuria).

“The guidelines recommend using dipstick tests to guide treatment decisions in otherwise healthy women under 65 years of age presenting with mild or more than two symptoms of UTI,” comments Ali. “Put simply, if symptoms are severe, urine testing is not required before initiating treatment.”

The best course of action

For most sufferers, Ali advises the best course of action is to increase fluid intake, take appropriate pain relief and speak with a healthcare professional for further assessment of symptoms.

If symptoms persist for more than two days – or include a fever, loin pain and/or nausea and vomiting – it is important to see your GP for advice on whether antibiotics are required. It’s also important to go back if you’ve been started on antibiotics and symptoms do not improve within 48 hours.

“While some of the over-the-counter treatments may provide symptomatic relief, the 2018 NICE UTI guidelines state that there is no evidence found for cranberry products or urine alkalinising agents to treat UTI,” he adds. “However, there’s a clinical trial showing the effectiveness of D-mannose. And grapefruit seed extract and oil of oregano have also been found to be beneficial.”

A UTI, or something else?

There can be considerable overlap between the symptoms for UTI and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal thrush, vulvodynia, lichen sclerosus, endometriosis, bladder cancer and overactive bladder may also cause similar symptoms. Antibiotic use may also trigger vaginal thrush in some women and require additional treatment.

“Recent unprotected sexual intercourse, discharge from the urethra and pain within the pelvic area or sexual organs would increase the likelihood of an STI,” says Ali. “Again, an assessment by an appropriate healthcare professional would be advised and various swabs or urine tests may be required.”

Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, may also be a cause of recurrent bladder symptoms. IC is a chronic, non-infectious condition of the urinary bladder that causes frequency and urgency of urination and significant pelvic pain that worsens as the bladder fills up. IC is a difficult diagnosis to make and requires tests and input from a urologist. If you think you may have IC, visit your GP, and contact the Interstitial Cystitis Association and Bladder Health UK for advice and support.

What you should know about urinary tract infections

Urological health is often put to the wayside until something feels wrong. As a urogynecologist, one of my goals is to debunk common myths about urinary tract infections (UTIs) and help patients understand ways to prevent them.

What causes urinary tract infections and what are the symptoms?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common in sexually active young women as well as women after menopause. Urinary tract infections occur when bacteria from the vagina invade the bladder by climbing the urethra. In rare cases, the same bacteria can climb the ureter — the tube that connects the bladder and kidney — and cause a kidney infection.

The most common symptoms of a urinary tract infection are a burning sensation during urination, pelvic pain, frequent need to urinate, and the feeling of not being able to completely empty your bladder.

With severe urinary tract infections, a woman might see blood in her urine. In older patients, symptoms are sometimes more subtle and can include confusion.

What qualifies as a “recurrent UTI” and what causes them?

Patients who have had two urinary tract infections in the past six months or three in the past year have “recurrent” urinary tract infections. Patients who have recurrent urinary tract infections are often referred to a urogynecologist or a urologist for further evaluation, and may require treatment to prevent infections.

Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infections can be divided into two categories: behavioral and genetic. Behavioral risk factors include sexual activity, a new sexual partner and the use of spermicides. Genetic and health-state risk factors include having a mother with a history of UTIs, having UTIs as a child, diabetes, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence and being post-menopausal.

Do symptoms differ for men and women?

Because of differences in anatomy, UTIs are far more frequent in women than men. Women make up 84% of medical visits for UTIs. Symptoms are similar between genders, but a UTI in a man often requires further evaluation by a specialist.

If UTIs go untreated, what can occur?

If left untreated, some bladder infections will go away on their own. The main concern with delaying treatment for UTIs is the discomfort that they cause. Generally, UTI symptoms improve within a few days after starting antibiotics. Prolonged bladder infections can lead to a period of bladder pain and urinary frequency after the infection has resolved. In rare cases, untreated bladder infections can lead to bacteria entering the ureters and cause infection within the kidneys.

How are UTIs treated?

Urinary tract infections are treated with a short course of antibiotics. Some of the bacteria that cause UTIs are resistant to some of these antibiotics so urine cultures are often done to confirm if the proper antibiotic is being used.

What are myths about at-home UTI treatments that can be debunked?

Popular at-home methods for treating or preventing UTIs include: increasing how often you urinate, wearing certain types of underwear, avoiding hot tubs and bubble baths, urinating after intercourse and wiping away from the urethra. Douching is not a recommended treatment for UTIs as it can cause additional issues for the reproductive system. There is no evidence to support the efficacy of these behaviors; however, there is little harm in using them.

Probiotics, cranberries, vitamin C and D-mannose are all supplements that have been studied for their potential to prevent urinary tract infections. There is a plausible mechanism for each of them; however, studies have not consistently shown marked benefit. More evidence is needed to make a final recommendation for or against their use or efficacy. Cranberry extract pills are more likely to be helpful than cranberry juice, since cranberry pills do not have the sugar that juice contains. Cranberry can contribute to heartburn and gastrointestinal upset.

Kidney infection – Treatment – NHS

Most people with a kidney infection can be treated at home with a course of antibiotics, and paracetamol if needed.

See a GP if you feel feverish and have pain in your tummy, lower back or genitals that will not go away.

You should also see a GP if you have symptoms of a UTI that have not improved after a few days, or if you have blood in your pee.

If you think your child has a UTI, even if it’s just cystitis, make sure you see a GP or go to an out-of-hours emergency service.

Medicine

Antibiotics

If you’re being treated at home, you’ll usually be prescribed a course of antibiotic tablets or capsules that lasts between 7 and 14 days.

Usually, you’ll start to feel better quite soon after treatment starts. Most people who are diagnosed and treated promptly with antibiotics feel completely better after about 2 weeks.

People who are older or have underlying conditions may take longer to recover.

If your symptoms show no sign of improvement 24 hours after treatment starts, contact a GP for advice.

Painkillers

Taking a painkiller such as paracetamol should help relieve symptoms of pain and a high temperature.

However, anti-inflammatory painkillers (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are not normally recommended for a kidney infection – they may increase the risk of further kidney problems so should not be taken unless advised by a doctor. A doctor may only prescribe these in certain circumstances.

Things you can try yourself

If you have a kidney infection, try not to “hover” over the toilet seat when you go to the loo because it can result in your bladder not being fully emptied.

It’s also important for most people with a kidney infection to drink plenty of fluids (water is best) because this will help to flush out the bacteria from your kidneys. Aim to drink enough so that you’re frequently passing pale-coloured urine.

If you have kidney failure, get advice from your doctor on how much to drink.

Make sure you get plenty of rest. A kidney infection can be physically draining, even if you’re normally healthy and strong. It may take up to 2 weeks before you’re fit enough to return to work.

Treatment at hospital

The GP may refer you to hospital if you have an underlying problem that makes you vulnerable to kidney infections.

It’s standard practice to further investigate all men with a kidney infection because the condition is much rarer in men. Women do not tend to be referred unless they’ve had 2 or more kidney infections.

Most children with a kidney infection will be treated in hospital.

Hospital treatment may also be needed if:

• you’re severely dehydrated
• you’re unable to swallow or keep down any fluids or medicines
• you have additional symptoms that suggest you may have blood poisoning, such as a rapid heartbeat and losing consciousness
• you’re pregnant and you also have a high temperature
• you’re particularly frail and your general health is poor
• your symptoms fail to improve within 24 hours of starting treatment with antibiotics
• you have a weakened immune system
• you have something inside your urinary tract, such as a kidney stone or a urinary catheter
• you have diabetes
• you’re over the age of 65
• you have an underlying condition that affects the way your kidneys work, such as polycystic kidney disease or chronic kidney disease

If you’re admitted to hospital with a kidney infection, you’ll probably be attached to a drip so you can be given fluids to help keep you hydrated. Antibiotics can also be given through the drip.

You’ll have regular blood and urine tests to monitor your health and how effectively the antibiotics are fighting off the infection.

Most people respond well to treatment. As long as there are no complications, you should typically be well enough to leave hospital in 3 to 7 days.

Treatment will usually switch to tablets or capsules after you stop receiving antibiotics through a drip.

You may need further investigations if you get more than one kidney infection. A GP or hospital specialist would arrange these tests for you.

Page last reviewed: 06 January 2021
Next review due: 06 January 2024

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) (for Parents)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids. They happen when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder or kidneys.

A baby with a UTI may have a fever, throw up, or be fussy. Older kids may have a fever, have pain when peeing, need to pee a lot, or have lower belly pain.

Kids with UTIs need to see a doctor. These infections won’t get better on their own. UTIs are easy to treat and usually clear up in a week or so.

Taking antibiotics kills the germs and helps kids get well again. To be sure antibiotics work, you must give all the prescribed doses — even when your child starts feeling better.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of a UTI?

Most UTIs happen in the lower part of the urinary tract — the urethra and bladder. This type of UTI is called cystitis. A child with cystitis may have:

• pain, burning, or a stinging sensation when peeing
• an increased urge or more frequent need to pee (though only a very small amount of pee may be passed)
• fever
• waking up at night a lot to go to the bathroom
• wetting problems, even though the child is potty trained
• belly pain in the area of the bladder (generally below the belly button)
• foul-smelling pee that may look cloudy or contain blood

An infection that travels up the ureters to the kidneys is called pyelonephritis (pie-low-nih-FRY-tis) and is usually more serious. It causes many of these same symptoms, but the child often looks sicker and is more likely to have a fever (sometimes with shaking chills), pain in the side or back, severe tiredness, or vomiting.

What Causes UTIs?

UTIs are much more common in girls because a girl’s urethra is shorter and closer to the anus (where poop comes out). Uncircumcised boys younger than 1 year also have a slightly higher risk for a UTI.

Other risk factors for a UTI include:

• a problem in the urinary tract (for example, a malformed kidney or a blockage somewhere along the tract of normal urine flow)
• an abnormal backward flow (reflux) of urine from the bladder up the ureters and toward the kidneys. This is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and many kids with a UTI are found to have it.
• poor toilet and hygiene habits
• family history of UTIs

UTIs are easy to treat, but it’s important to catch them early. Undiagnosed or untreated UTIs can lead to kidney damage.

How Are UTIs Diagnosed?

To diagnose a UTI, health care providers ask questions about what’s going on, do an exam, and take a sample of pee for testing.

How a sample is taken depends on a child’s age. Older kids might simply need to pee into a sterile cup. For younger children in diapers, a catheter is usually preferred. This is when a thin tube is inserted into the urethra up to the bladder to get a “clean” urine sample.

The sample may be used for a urinalysis (a test that microscopically checks the urine for germs or pus) or a urine culture (which attempts to grow and identify bacteria in a laboratory). Knowing what bacteria are causing the infection can help your doctor choose the best treatment.

How Are UTIs Treated?

UTIs are treated with antibiotics. After several days of antibiotics, your doctor may repeat the urine tests to be sure that the infection is gone. It’s important to make sure of this because an incompletely treated UTI can come back or spread.

If a child has severe pain when peeing, the doctor may also prescribe medicine that numbs the lining of the urinary tract. (This medicine temporarily causes the pee to turn orange.)

Give prescribed antibiotics on schedule for as many days as your doctor directs. Keep track of your child’s trips to the bathroom, and ask your child about symptoms like pain or burning during peeing. These symptoms should improve within 2 to 3 days after antibiotics are started.

Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids, but skip drinks that containe caffeine (which can irritate the bladder), such as soda and iced tea.

Most UTIs are cured within a week with treatment.

Treatment for More Severe UTIs

Kids with a more severe infection may need treatment in a hospital so they can get antibiotics by injection or IV (intravenously, given into a vein right into the bloodstream).

This might happen if:

• the child has high fever or looks very ill, or a kidney infection is likely
• the child is younger than 6 months old
• bacteria from the infected urinary tract may have spread to the blood
• the child is dehydrated or is vomiting and cannot take any fluids or medicine by mouth

Kids with VUR will be watched closely by the doctor. VUR might be treated with medicines or, less commonly, surgery. Most kids outgrow mild forms of VUR, but some can develop kidney damage or kidney failure later in life.

Can UTIs Be Prevented?

These tips can help prevent UTIs:

• In infants and toddlers, change diapers often to help prevent the spread of bacteria that cause UTIs. When kids are potty trained, it’s important to teach them good hygiene. Girls should know to wipe from front to rear — not rear to front — to prevent germs from spreading from the anus to the urethra.
• School-age girls should avoid bubble baths and strong soaps that might cause irritation. They also should wear cotton underwear instead of nylon because it’s less likely to encourage bacterial growth.
• All kids should be taught not to “hold it” when they have to go. Pee that stays in the bladder gives bacteria a good place to grow.
• Kids should drink plenty of fluids but avoid those with caffeine.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

Call the doctor right away if your child has an unexplained fever with shaking chills, especially if there’s also back pain or any type of pain when peeing.

Also call if your child has any of these:

• bad-smelling, bloody, or discolored pee
• low back pain or belly pain (especially below the belly button)
• a fever of over 101°F (38.3°C) in children or 100.4°F (38°C) rectally in infants

Call the doctor if your infant has a fever, feeds poorly, vomits repeatedly, or seems unusually irritable.

Are You Dealing With a UTI? These Tips Will Help!: SmartClinic Urgent Care: Urgent Care

If you’ve ever had a urinary tract infection (UTI), you know how painful and uncomfortable they are. A UTI is an infection that targets your urinary system, so it can affect your ureters, kidneys, bladder, and urethra. A UTI can potentially cause serious health problems if left untreated. A severe UTI can even cause permanent kidney damage. 

When patients throughout the West Covina and Santa Clarita, California, area have a UTI, they visit SmartClinic Urgent Care. Our team of medical experts specializes in treating and managing UTIs.

If you’re dealing with a UTI, these tips can help improve your symptoms until your antibiotics kick in.

Common UTI symptoms

A UTI causes different symptoms depending on which part of your urinary tract it affects. However, the most common symptoms of a UTI include:

• A strong, frequent urge to urinate
• Cloudy urine
• Pain or burning when urinating
• Frequently passing small amounts of urine
• Urine with a strong odor
• Abnormal urine color
• Pelvic pain in women

If you spike a high fever, vomit, or experience shaking and chills, you may have acute pyelonephritis, a type of UTI that affects your kidneys. Come to SmartClinic Urgent Care right away if you have these symptoms.

Most types of UTIs respond well to antibiotics, but it can take a few days before your symptoms start to improve. The following tips can help offer some relief until your medications start working.

Drink plenty of water to remove bacteria

Staying hydrated is one of the keys to managing a UTI. Drinking water helps your body flush out toxins and remove waste from your urinary tract. Drinking plenty of water promotes regular urination, which makes it harder for bacteria to attack your cells.

Try not to hold in urine

Urinating often when you have a UTI can reduce the risk of a worsening infection. This happens because urination puts pressure on the bacteria. The longer you hold urine, the higher the risk for bacteria to build up in your system. Make sure to use the restroom as soon as possible if the urge arises.

Drink unsweetened cranberry juice

One of the most well-known UTI treatments is cranberry juice. Polyphenols are a type of antioxidant found in cranberry juice. They contain antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help treat and prevent infections.

Studies show that cranberry juice can help relieve UTI symptoms, as well as reduce how often you get them.

Up your vitamin C intake

Vitamin C boosts your immune system function and can even kill bacteria in urine by lowering the pH. This powerful antioxidant may offer some relief from UTI symptoms.

Use a heating pad

Pelvic and abdominal pain is a common UTI symptom for women. Using a warm heating pad on your stomach can help with discomfort and pressure on your bladder.

Treating a UTI early can prevent them from recurring. But UTI symptoms don’t always show up, so it’s important to get regular health checkups to catch them early.

If you’re experiencing pain or discomfort from a UTI, start your treatment at SmartClinic Urgent Care. Give us a call or go to our website to schedule a visit. Our clinics also accept walk-ins.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – Symptoms & Treatment

What causes urinary tract infections?

UTIs are caused by bacteria (germs) that get into the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Any part of your urinary tract can become infected, but bladder and urethra infections are the most common.

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

Women tend to get urinary tract infections more often than men because bacteria can reach the bladder more easily in women. The urethra (the opening to your urinary tract) is shorter in women than in men, so bacteria have a shorter distance to travel.

The urethra is located near the rectum in women. Bacteria from the rectum can easily travel up the urethra and cause infections. Bacteria from the rectum is more likely to get into the urethra if you wipe from back to front (instead of front to back) after a bowel movement. Be sure to teach children how to wipe correctly.

Having sex may also cause urinary tract infections in women because bacteria can be pushed into the urethra. Using a diaphragm can lead to infections because diaphragms push against the urethra and make it harder to completely empty your bladder. The urine that stays in the bladder is more likely to grow bacteria and cause infections.

Frequent urinary tract infections may be caused by changes in the bacteria in the vagina. Antibacterial vaginal douches, spermicides, and certain oral antibiotics may cause changes in vaginal bacteria. Avoid using these items, if possible. Menopause can also cause changes in vaginal bacteria that increase your risk for urinary tract infection. Taking estrogen usually corrects this problem but may not be for everyone.

What are other possible causes of painful urination?

A painful burning feeling when you urinate is often a sign of a urinary tract infection (sometimes also called a bladder infection). However, painful urination can occur even if you don’t have an infection. Certain drugs, like some used in cancer chemotherapy, may inflame the bladder. Something pressing against the bladder (like an ovarian cyst) or a kidney stone stuck near the entrance to the bladder can also cause painful urination.

Painful urination can also be caused by vaginal infection or irritation. You might be sensitive to chemicals in products such as douches, vaginal lubricants, soaps, scented toilet paper, or contraceptive foams or sponges. If it hurts to urinate after you’ve used these products, you’re probably sensitive to them.

Do I need to see a doctor?

Yes. Painful urination can be a symptom of a more serious problem. You should tell your doctor about your symptoms and how long you’ve had them. Tell your doctor about any medical conditions you have, such as diabetes mellitus or AIDS, because these could affect your body’s response to infection. Tell your doctor about any known abnormality in your urinary tract, and if you are or might be pregnant. Tell your doctor if you’ve had any procedures or surgeries on your urinary tract. He or she also need to know if you were recently hospitalized (less than 1 month ago) or stayed in a nursing home.

If your doctor thinks your pain may be from vaginal inflammation, he or she may wipe the lining of your vagina with a swab to collect mucus. The mucus will be looked at under a microscope to see if it has yeast or other organisms. If your pain is from an infection in your urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder), your doctor may swab it to test for bacteria. If an infection can’t be found, your doctor may suggest other tests.

Judo Terminology – Judo Federation of Russia

Asi		Leg (s).
Asi-ate		Kicking.
Ashi-waza		Techniques carried out mainly with feet.
Asi-garami		Painful reception on the leg – the lever (knot) of the knee joint.Sucker Punch. It is performed after throwing with the foot in the stomach during the demonstration of kata.
Asi-guruma		Variant of the front footrest (a variant of picking up under both legs), in which the attacking leg does not touch the tatami surface (the wheel over the leg).
Atama		Head.
Atama-ate		Headbutts.
Atemi-waza		Technique of striking vulnerable parts of the body.
Wadza		Reception, technique.
Waza-ari		The second score in a fight is considered half “ippon”. The wrestler who performed 2 techniques marked “waza-ari” is declared the winner of the bout ahead of schedule.
Gyaku-juji-jime		Choke hold by grabbing the lapels with palms on the cross. The palms are turned outward.
Daki-age		Rise with the girth of the opponent’s torso.
Daki-wakare		Throw over the chest with a trunk grip
Judogi		The uniform of a judo wrestler, blue or white, consisting of a jacket, trousers and a belt.
Judoka		Judo wrestler.
Do-jime		Choke hold with the legs of the body (prohibited hold).
De-asi-harai		Side sweep under the exposed leg (sweeping sweep of the forward leg).
Yoko-wakare		Front footrest on the heel under the foot of the same name (throw with a jerk in the direction of the opponent).
Yoko-gake		Heel sweep with a fall (side toe).
Yoko Guruma		Throw over the chest with a fall, twisting to the side (wheel to the side).
Yoko-otoshi		Lateral heel stand (side rollover).
Yoko-shiho-gatame		Hold across.
Yoko-sutemi-waza		Techniques carried out with the fall of the attacker on the side.
Ippon		The highest mark in a duel, immediately leading to the victory of the judoka who performed the technique.
Ippon-seoi-nage		Throw over the back with a hand grab on the shoulder (throw with the opponent on his back after grabbing one hand).
Kawazu-gake		entwined; a technique invented by a wrestler named Kawazu and named after him is among the prohibited in sports judo.
Kami-shiho-gatame		Holding from the side of the head.
Cani-bass		Double tapping, “scissors” (overturning by crab claws). Reception is prohibited in sports judo.
Kansetsu-waza		Pain techniques for joints.
Kata-gatame		Holding from the side by grabbing the head with the near hand.
Kata Guruma		Throw over the shoulders, mill (wheel over the shoulders).
Kata-juji-jime		Front choke with the forearm with a grip for the same-named lapels.
Katame-waza		Tie down technique.
Kata-te-jime		Choke hold with forearms by grip on the far lapel.
Kata-ha-jime		Rear strangulation with a lapel grip and arms under the shoulder.
Kibisu-gaeshi		Heel grip throw (heel twisting throw).
Koshi-waza		Techniques carried out mainly by the hip joint.
Koshi Guruma		Throw over the thigh with a neck grab (wheel through the lower back).
Ko-soto-gake		Outside toe with opposite leg (outside close toe).
Ko-soto-gari		Heel sweep, throw of the opponent with a jerk to himself behind the leg with the “near foot” outside.
Ko-uchi-gari		Jogging from the inside. Throw of the opponent with a jerk to himself behind the leg with the “near leg” from the inside.
Ko-uchi-gaeshi		Reciprocal (counter) reception from the hook of the same name (sweep) from the inside, counter throw from “ko-uchi-gari”.
Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame		Variant of holding from the side of the head by gripping the hand and belt.
Kuzure-kesa-gatame		Reverse hold from the side, tori turned head towards uke’s legs.
Kuzushi		Unbalance.
Kumikata		Capture.
Kuichiki-taoshi		Throw with a grip from the outside for the opposite popliteal fold (or just a throw by the leg) (fell down a rotten tree).
Kesa-gatame		Holding from the side by grasping the hand and head.
Masutemi-waza		Techniques carried out with the fall of the attacker on his back.
Moro-te-gari		Throw by grabbing both legs
Nage-waza		Technique of throws, throws.
Nami-juji-jime		Choke hold with a grip for the same-named cuffs, palms turned down.
Obi-otosi		Flip by grabbing the belt from the front (overturning after grabbing the belt).
O-goshi		Amplitude throw across the lower back (thigh) with lining.
O-guruma		Throw over the leg forward with a twist, option of picking up under both feet (large wheel).
Okuri-asi-harai		Sweep at the pace of steps (sweeping sweep, seeing off the leaving leg of the enemy).
Okuri-eri-jime		Rear choke hold with opposite cuffs.
Osaekomi-waza		Holds.
O-soto-gari		Grab, throw of the opponent with a jerk to himself for the leg with the “far leg” outside.
O-soto-gaeshi		Reciprocal (counter) reception from grab, counter throw.
O-soto-guruma		Offset for both feet (large outer wheel).
O-soto-maki-komi		A grab with a grasp of an arm under the shoulder (under the arm) (“winding” the opponent onto oneself with a fall to one side).
O-soto-otosi		Rear step.
O-uti-gary		Hook from the inside, an opponent’s throw with a jerk for his leg with the “far leg” from the inside.
O-uchi-gaeshi		Return reception from the toe from the inside with the opposite leg, counter throw.
Ryo-te-jime		Choke hold with both hands.
Sankaku-jime		Triangle leg choke.
Sasae-tsuri-komi-asi		Front sweep under the exposed leg, throw with a knocking emphasis on the foot of the opponent after unbalancing him with a jerk upwards.
Sido		First level remark, tantamount to a cock in favor of the opponent.
Shime-waza		Choke technique.
Xingtai		Movement technique.
Sisei		Rack.
Sode-guruma-jime		Rear naked choke with a grip for opposite lapels, crossing your arms.
Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi		Throw over the thigh with the capture of opposite sleeves and the lapel (throw through the lower back after unbalancing the opponent with a jerk upwards, knocking out his legs from the position of gripping the opposite sleeves and the lapel).
Soto-Maki-Komi		Throw by grabbing an arm under the shoulder (mouse) (a throw with “winding” the opponent onto oneself and falling on the side after grabbing from the outside).
Sukui-nage		Front flip, hand flip + side flip (throw by grasping both legs with hands).
Sumi-gaeshi		Throw over the head with shin support (twisting the inner corner).
Sumi-otoshi		Unbalance by pushing back.
Sutemi-waza		Throws made with the fall of the attacker.
Seoi-nage		Throw over the back (throw with the throwing of the opponent on his back).
Seoi-otoshi		Throw over the back with the blocking of the legs of the attacked (overturning after the opponent is thrown onto his back).
Tavara-gaeshi		Throw over the head after grabbing the body from above, counter.
Tai-otoshi		Front step (body drop).
Tai-sabaki		Turns and U-turns.
Tani-otosi		Footrest on the heel with a fall (rollover into the valley)
Tatami		Wrestling ground measuring 10×10 meters.
Tachi-waza		Standing throws.
Tate-shiho-gatame		Horse hold.
Tomoe-nage		Throw over the head with the foot in the stomach (throw along the trajectory of a circular motion).
Tori		Conductive reception.
Te		Hand (up to the wrist).
Te-waza		Techniques carried out mainly by hand.
Tui		A second level comment, tantamount to yuko in the opponent’s favor.
Ude		Hand (s).
Ude-ate		Punches.
Ude-garami		Painful hold – hand knot.
Ude-hisigi		Pain hold – elbow lever.
Ude-hisigi-asi-gatame		Pain hold – lever of the elbow with the help of the leg.
Ude-hisigi-waki-gatame		Painful hold – the arm of the elbow with the grip of the arm under the armpit.
Ude-hisigi-juji-gatame		Painful hold – an elbow lever with a grip of the hand between the legs.
Ude-hisigi-sankaku-gatame		Painful hold – elbow lever with a “triangle” grip with the legs.
Ude-hisigi-te-gatame		Pain hold – elbow lever with bending over the arm.
Ude-hisigi-ude-gatame		Painful hold – an elbow lever with the opponent’s hand fixing with his hands.
Ude-hisigi-hara-gatame		Pain hold – elbow lever with bending over the abdomen.
Ude-hisigi-hiza-gatame		Pain hold – elbow lever with the knee.
Uki-waza		Front heel stand with fall (tangential throw).
Uki-gatame		Holding the top while grabbing the uke hand for a painful hold – the elbow lever.
Uki-goshi		Throw over the thigh with a trunk grip (throw across the lower back on a tangent).
Uki-otoshi		Unbalance by twisting (dropping along a tangent).
Uke		Attacked.
Ukemi		Self-belaying techniques for falls.
Ura-nage		Throw over the chest (throw behind your back).
Ushiro-goshi		Hip shot, retaliatory throw from a throw over the hip (hip throw when attacking from behind).
Uchi-maki-komi		Throw with “winding” the opponent onto oneself and falling to one side after grabbing the hand under the shoulder from the inside.
Uchi-mata		Grip from the inside (throw by impact on the thigh from the inside).
Uchi-mata-gaeshi		Reciprocal reception from the pick up from the inside, counter throw.
Uchi-mata-maki-komi		Pick-up from the inside with a hand under the shoulder (under the arm) (“winding” the opponent onto oneself with a fall to one side).
Uchi-mata-sukashi		Reciprocal (counter) reception from the pick-up from the inside with the removal of the opponent from balance.
Utsuri-goshi		Slip-flip (throw with a flip to the lower back), “reverse hip”.
Hadaka-jime		rear naked choke with shoulder and forearm.
Hansoku		Disqualification of a judoka.
Hane-goshi		Hooking with the thigh and lower leg (throw across the lower back with a swing of the leg of both of the opponent’s legs).
Hane-goshi-gaeshi		Reciprocal reception from the shin and hip, counter-throw.
Hane-Maki-Komi		Throw over the back by gripping the arm under the shoulder (mouse) with the thigh and lower leg (see hane-goshi).
Harai-goshi		Pickup under both legs (throw across the lower back with a sweeping movement of the leg).
Harai-goshi-gaeshi		Reciprocal reception from catch under both feet, counter throw.
Harai-Maki-Komi		Throw with a grab with a grip on the arm under the shoulder (under the arm) (“winding” the opponent onto oneself with a fall to one side).
Harai-tsuri-Komi-asi		Front sweep (throw with a sweeping motion with the foot after unbalancing the opponent with a jerk upwards and knocking out of position).
Hiza Guruma		Knee sweep (wheel over the knee).
Hiki-komi-gaeshi		Throw to the side with a fall after grabbing an arm under the shoulder.
Hon-kesa-gatame		Holding from the side by grabbing the hand and head (old name kesa-gatame)
Tsubame-gaeshi		Side sweep counterattack (swallow counterattack).
Tsukkomi-jime		Front choke with grip for opposite lapels.
Tsuri-goshi		Throw over the thigh with a belt grip (throw through the lower back after unbalancing the opponent with a jerk upwards).
Tsuri-Komi-Goshi		Throw over the thigh with a lapel grip (throw through the lower back after unbalancing the opponent with a jerk upward with the pelvis knocking the opponent’s legs out of position).
Shido		(right sido) – remark. The first is of a precautionary nature, the second is tantamount to youko, and the third is waza-ari in favor of the opponent.
Yuko		Third mark in a duel. It is awarded when the throw is made with insufficient strength and speed, but when the opponent falls on a large part of his back, or when the throw is made with sufficient force or speed, but when the opponent falls only on a small part of his back.”Yuko” is also awarded with a 15-second hold.
Yama-arasi		Front grip (grip under both legs) with a grip by the sleeve and the lapel of the same name.

The Moscow authorities gave schoolchildren the right to leave the whole class on distance learning :: Society :: RBK

From October 19, only primary school students will go to schools, high school students will be at home for another two weeks, but not on vacation, but on distance learning

Photo: Denis Abramov / RIA Novosti

The Moscow operational headquarters explained how schoolchildren will study from October 19 after the end of the extended vacation.The relevant information is published on the Moscow Mayor’s website mos.ru.

Students in grades 1-5 will be in-class at school. However, if the child’s teacher falls ill and the parents are not satisfied with the replacement, the class can be transferred to distance learning.

“If in an elementary school a teacher over 65 is on sick leave, and his substitute teacher does not suit the parents, then the whole class, at the request of the parents, can switch to distance learning. In this case, they will be able to continue their studies with their former teacher, but in a distance format, ”the operational headquarters explained.

Sobyanin announced a two-week vacation in all Moscow schools

Mayor Sergei Sobyanin announced unscheduled vacations in Moscow schools on September 29th.The decision was justified by the increase in the incidence of COVID in the capital.
“It is very important. Today, a significant part of the sick, often asymptomatic, are children. Coming home, they very easily transmit the virus to adults and elderly family members, who are much more ill, ”the mayor explained.

Chip designed to detect COVID-19 and other viruses

The whole world is interested in the Chinese experience of fighting the coronavirus epidemic. And Chinese doctors are ready to share it generously.

97-year-old Fu Guiying is the oldest patient cured of coronavirus in Wuhan. Her example refutes the claim that the disease is fatal for the elderly

“Thanks to the doctors for their thorough treatment. Without them I would not exist now. If I can defeat the virus at my age, then anyone can,” said the pensioner.

Fu Guiying’s words are confirmed by statistics. There are already fewer patients in Wuhan than doctors sent to the city to fight the coronavirus.The closure of the first of the city’s 16 quarantine centers became a symbol of the imminent end of the epidemic. It was recently installed in the largest sports complex in Wuhan.

“More than 20% of all patients with mild symptoms were treated in these temporary hospitals. When we first set up quarantine centers, many patients stayed at home because there were no beds in hospitals. The temporary hospitals played a significant role in containing the epidemic,” Peng said. Xiaoxiang, Director of Ooty Quarantine Center.

Those who have recovered help to treat critically ill patients. 45-year-old bus driver Xiong Fei became a blood plasma donor at the behest of his heart. His mother fell ill at the end of January, he contracted the infection while caring for her. The disease was mild, and when he heard that antibodies in the blood of those who had recovered could increase the immunity of patients, Xiong Fei knew what to do. However, he did not manage to cure his mother.

“I scold my body. It recovered too late, and I could not save my mother. I hope that everyone will contribute to the fight against the epidemic,” said Xiong.

After plasma transfusion, two thirds of patients recover. Jia Bingwu, 57, was on a ventilator two weeks ago. Now he says without any shortness of breath: “After the plasma transfusion, the body recovers very quickly. It has already recovered by 90%, the lungs are working normally.”

Plasma transfusion is an effective method, but it depends on the number of donors. During an inspection trip to the Chinese Military Medical Academy and Tsinghua University, the President of the PRC called on scientists to intensify research to create effective drugs and tests.

Xi Jinping, by his first education, is a chemical engineer; he received his diploma in Tsinghua. At the alma mater, he was shown a test system based on a microfluidic chip, capable of detecting not only COVID-19, but also 5 more respiratory viruses in just 90 minutes. The best technical university in Asia developed it jointly with the biotech company Chengdu Capital and the Sichuan University Medical Center.

“We found that one patient was misdiagnosed. The COVID-19 patient recovered almost completely, but then developed symptoms.At first everyone thought he had re-infected the coronavirus, but our chip found that the patient had contracted another respiratory virus, “said Chen Lei, a spokesman for the Sichuan University Medical Center.

Microfluidic – because it requires less reagent drop for analysis, which dramatically reduces the cost of the test. 12 thousand chips with diagnostic devices have already been sent to Hubei province. Now China produces 24 thousand such discs daily, and within six months the volume can double.Given the worsening epidemic situation in other countries, they will not be superfluous.

Chinese experience in diagnosing and combating coronavirus is now in demand around the world.

A Skype call connected the Wuhan and Milanese doctors at a distance of 9 thousand kilometers. Everything is going well, although the signal freezes from time to time. The Italian doctor Enrico Ammirati complains about the lack of protective equipment, the Chinese colleagues nod understandingly – three weeks ago they themselves got out as best they could.

Dr. Zhou, a physician at Wuhan Tongji Hospital, only recently recovered from an illness. “More than two thousand medical workers in China are infected. Some of them have died. We have learned from this difficult journey. How to protect medical personnel? How to put on protective suits, masks, goggles and face shields? We must share this data with doctors around the world,” – the doctor is sure.

As China comes out of quarantine, the shortage of protective equipment in the world will decrease, the country is already producing 250 thousand special suits a day, having resumed their export.However, the protection of the medical staff is not enough to stop the epidemic. The main thing – Chinese doctors advise – to be proactive. Everyone should join the fight.

“Mobilize all resources – not only medical personnel, but also social workers, everyone involved in logistics, builders. Everything will be important,” – said one of the Chinese doctors.

91,110 In Beijing, for several days now, there are more cases imported from abroad than infections within the city. Therefore, anti-epidemic measures at airports come to the fore.In the recently opened Daxing terminal, the world’s largest terminal, temperatures are measured even for transfer passengers

Public transport is the most likely site of infection if you only move between home and work. There have been no new cases of coronavirus transmission in Beijing for two weeks, but the transport department of the mayor’s office decided to play it safe and introduced 150 special bus routes from dormitories to business and industrial areas. The goal is to minimize the number of stops and changes.

It is better to book seats in advance, you can do this through the WeChat mobile application, which is available in almost every smartphone in China.