What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel. How does a CMP test help monitor kidney function. What are the normal ranges for key components in a CMP test. How to interpret CMP results for better health awareness.

What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)?

A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a crucial blood test that provides valuable insights into your body’s chemical balance and metabolism. This simple yet powerful diagnostic tool offers a comprehensive overview of various bodily functions, particularly focusing on kidney and liver health.

The CMP test analyzes several key components:

• Kidney function markers
• Electrolyte levels
• Calcium concentration
• Protein levels
• Liver function indicators
• Blood sugar levels

Healthcare providers often recommend a CMP as part of routine check-ups or when suspecting liver or kidney issues. Its importance cannot be overstated, especially in detecting early stages of kidney disease, which often presents with minimal symptoms.

The Significance of CMP in Kidney Health Monitoring

Kidney disease is a silent threat that can progress unnoticed without regular testing. George Franklin III, a 46-year kidney transplant recipient, emphasizes this point: “Unless you are doing an annual checkup, getting blood work, or so forth, you don’t know what’s going on inside your body. My kidney failed because of glomerulonephritis…not something that generally shows up unless you’re having a checkup or some bloodwork.”

This underscores the critical role of CMP in preventive healthcare. By incorporating this test into your routine health checks, you can stay ahead of potential kidney issues and maintain better overall health.

Understanding CMP Results: A Comprehensive Guide

Interpreting CMP results can seem daunting, but understanding the key components and their normal ranges can provide valuable insights into your health status. Here’s a breakdown of the main elements tested in a CMP:

Albumin

Normal range: 3.4 to 5.4 g/dL (34 to 54 g/L)

Albumin is a crucial protein in the blood, playing a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and transporting hormones and medications.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

Normal range: 20 to 130 U/L

ALP is an enzyme found in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and bones. Elevated levels may indicate liver or bone disorders.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Normal range: 4 to 36 U/L

ALT is primarily found in the liver. Increased levels often suggest liver damage or disease.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

Normal range: 8 to 33 U/L

AST is present in the liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated levels can indicate liver, heart, or muscle damage.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Normal range: 6 to 20 mg/dL (2.14 to 7.14 mmol/L)

BUN is a waste product removed by the kidneys. High levels may indicate kidney dysfunction.

Serum Calcium

Normal range: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.13 to 2.55 mmol/L)

Calcium is essential for bone health and various bodily functions. Abnormal levels can signify several conditions.

Creatinine

Normal range: 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL (53 to 114.9 µmol/L)

Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism. Elevated levels often indicate kidney problems.

Electrolyte Balance: Key to Overall Health

Electrolytes play a crucial role in maintaining proper bodily functions. The CMP test includes several important electrolytes:

Chloride

Normal range: 96 to 106 mEq/L (96 to 106 mmol/L)

Chloride helps control fluid balance in the body.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Normal range: 23 to 29 mEq/L (23 to 29 mmol/L)

CO2 levels reflect the body’s acid-base balance.

Potassium

Normal range: 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L (3.70 to 5.20 mmol/L)

Potassium is crucial for heart and muscle function.

Sodium

Normal range: 135 to 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L)

Sodium helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Liver Function Indicators in CMP

The CMP also provides valuable information about liver health through several specific tests:

Total Bilirubin

Normal range: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL (2 to 21 µmol/L)

Bilirubin is a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. Elevated levels can indicate liver problems.

Total Protein

Normal range: 6.0 to 8.3 g/dL (60 to 83 g/L)

This measures all proteins in the blood, providing insights into nutritional status and liver function.

Glucose: A Key Indicator of Metabolic Health

Glucose levels are a critical component of the CMP, offering insights into metabolic health and diabetes risk:

Glucose

Normal range: 70 to 100 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L)

Glucose is the body’s primary energy source. Abnormal levels can indicate diabetes, a leading cause of kidney failure.

Interpreting CMP Results: Beyond the Numbers

While understanding the normal ranges is important, it’s crucial to remember that CMP results should be interpreted holistically. Factors such as age, gender, overall health, and medication use can influence these values. Always consult with your healthcare provider for a comprehensive interpretation of your results.

Are you concerned about your CMP results? Here are some key points to consider:

• Slightly abnormal results don’t always indicate a serious problem
• Trends over time are often more informative than single readings
• Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and stress can affect your results
• Some medications can influence CMP values

When reviewing your CMP results with your healthcare provider, don’t hesitate to ask questions. Understanding your health status empowers you to make informed decisions about your well-being.

Taking Action: Steps to Improve Your CMP Results

If your CMP results indicate areas for improvement, there are several steps you can take to enhance your kidney and liver health:

1. Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
2. Stay hydrated by drinking adequate water throughout the day
3. Exercise regularly to support overall metabolic health
4. Limit alcohol consumption to protect your liver
5. Manage chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension effectively
6. Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
7. Reduce stress through relaxation techniques or mindfulness practices

Remember, small lifestyle changes can lead to significant improvements in your CMP results over time.

The Role of Regular CMP Testing in Preventive Healthcare

Incorporating regular CMP testing into your healthcare routine is a proactive approach to maintaining optimal health. By monitoring your CMP results over time, you and your healthcare provider can:

• Detect early signs of kidney or liver dysfunction
• Track the progression of existing conditions
• Evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or lifestyle changes
• Identify potential health risks before they become serious issues

How often should you get a CMP test? The frequency of CMP testing depends on various factors, including your age, overall health, and existing medical conditions. Generally, adults should consider getting a CMP test as part of their annual check-up. However, individuals with chronic conditions or those at higher risk for kidney or liver diseases may require more frequent testing.

Discuss with your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate testing schedule for your individual needs.

Navigating Abnormal CMP Results: Next Steps

If your CMP results fall outside the normal ranges, it’s important not to panic. Abnormal results can occur due to various factors, and they don’t always indicate a serious health problem. However, they do warrant further investigation.

Here’s what you can expect if your CMP results are abnormal:

1. Your healthcare provider may order additional tests to confirm or clarify the results
2. You might be asked about your diet, medications, and lifestyle habits
3. Depending on the specific abnormalities, you may be referred to a specialist (e.g., nephrologist for kidney issues or hepatologist for liver concerns)
4. Your doctor may recommend lifestyle modifications or medication adjustments
5. Follow-up CMP tests may be scheduled to monitor changes over time

Remember, open communication with your healthcare provider is key. Don’t hesitate to ask questions about your results and the recommended course of action.

Empowering Yourself: Resources for Understanding CMP and Kidney Health

Knowledge is power when it comes to managing your health. If you’re looking to deepen your understanding of CMP tests and kidney health, several resources are available:

• The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) offers comprehensive information on kidney health and disease prevention
• The American Association for Clinical Chemistry provides detailed explanations of laboratory tests
• Many hospitals and healthcare systems offer patient education materials on CMP and other diagnostic tests
• Online health portals often provide tools to help interpret lab results

Additionally, the NKF offers a toll-free helpline (855.NKF.CARES or 855.653.2273) where you can speak with trained specialists about your concerns related to kidney health, organ donation, or transplantation.

By taking an active role in understanding your CMP results and overall health, you’re better equipped to make informed decisions and maintain optimal well-being. Remember, your healthcare provider is your partner in this journey – don’t hesitate to seek their guidance and support.

Kidney Health Awareness: Why Getting a CMP Test Should Be Part of Your Routine

August 04, 2022, 10:15am EDT

Reading your comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) results doesn’t have to be intimidating. Use the following as a guide but remember that everyone is different, so always speak with your healthcare provider regarding your results. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, seek a second opinion, or ask for more testing—they are here to help. 

What is a CMP?

A CMP is a simple and safe blood test. The test provides important information about your body’s chemical balance and metabolism, which is the way in which your body uses food and energy. Some of the tests included in the CMP provide information about your:

• Kidneys
• Electrolytes
• Calcium
• Protein
• Liver
• Blood sugar

Getting a CMP can be part of a routine check-up or if your healthcare professional suspects liver or kidney disease. Since kidney disease has few symptoms in its early stages, frequent testing is the best way to catch it, so requesting this test is a great way to keep a better eye on your kidney function and overall health. 

“Unless you are doing an annual checkup,” said 46-year kidney transplant recipient George Franklin III, “getting blood work, or so forth, you don’t know what’s going on inside your body. My kidney failed because of glomerulonephritis…not something that generally shows up unless you’re having a checkup or some bloodwork.”

Take this one-minute quiz to help determine if you are at risk of developing kidney disease and bring the results to your healthcare provider to help get the conversation started. 

How do I read my results?

Test	Purpose	Normal ranges 1
Albumin	Albumin is an important protein found in the blood.	3.4 to 5.4 g/dL (34 to 54 g/L)
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)2	This is an important enzyme found in the liver, kidneys, and bones.	20 to 130 U/L
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)3	ALT is an important enzyme found mostly in the liver.	4 to 36 U/L
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)4	AST is an important enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles.	8 to 33 U/L
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)	Urea nitrogen is a normal waste product that occurs from the breakdown of protein. The kidneys remove it from the blood, so if kidney function slows down, BUN levels rise.	6 to 20 mg/dL (2.14 to 7.14 mmol/L)
Serum calcium	This is a mineral stored mainly in your bones.	8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.13 to 2.55 mmol/L)
Chloride5	An electrolyte used to help control fluid in the body.	96 to 106 mEq/L (96 to 106 mmol/L)
CO2 (carbon dioxide)6	An electrolyte used to help control fluid in the body.	23 to 29 mEq/L (23 to 29 mmol/L)
Creatinine	Creatinine is a waste product from muscle wear and tear that everyone has in their blood. Too much may indicate kidney issues. Doctors use these results to help determine eGFR.	0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL (53 to 114.9 µmol/L)
Glucose (sugar)	Sugar is an important energy source for the body but high or uncontrolled blood sugar can cause damage. This test checks for diabetes, the leading cause of kidney failure.	70 to 100 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L)
Potassium	Potassium is a mineral found in many foods that help keep heartbeats regular and muscles working right.	3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L (3.70 to 5.20 mmol/L)
Sodium	Sodium is a mineral found in foods and is a major part of table salt. If the kidneys are not healthy, sodium and fluid can build up in the body.	135 to 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L)
Total bilirubin7	Found in a fluid made by the liver.	0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL (2 to 21 µmol/L)
Total protein	Protein helps build muscle, heal, fight infection, and stay healthy.	6.0 to 8.3 g/dL (60 to 83 g/L)

Need help making sense of your lab values?

Call our toll-free at 855.NKF.CARES (855.653.2273) or email [email protected] to speak with a trained specialist who will answer your questions and listen to your concerns. It’s designed for patients, family members, and care partners affected by kidney disease, organ donation, or transplantation.

Learn more about NKF Cares.

Works Cited

¹A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. Comprehensive metabolic panel; [updated 2021 Jan 24; reviewed 2021 Jan 25; cited 2022 July 14.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003468.htm

²A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. ALP – blood test; [updated 2021 May 01; reviewed 2021 May 01; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003470.htm 

³A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. Alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test; [updated 2021 Jan 24; reviewed 2021 Jan 24; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003473.htm 

⁴A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test; [updated 2021 Jan 24; reviewed 2021 Jan 24; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus. gov/ency/article/003472.htm 

⁵A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. Chloride test – blood; [updated 2021 May 01; reviewed 2021 May 01; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003485.htm 

⁶A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. CO2 blood test; [updated 2021 May 01; reviewed 2021 May 01; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm 

⁷A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]; c1997-2022. Bilirubin blood test;  [updated 2021 Jan 24; reviewed 2021 Jan 24; cited 2022 August 02.] Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003469.htm 

Hot Topics: How Much Sodium Is Safe for Kidney Patients?

Many patients with kidney disease, including those on dialysis, need to limit the amount of sodium in their diets. But how much sodium is safe, and what are some ways …

What does the ALT level in a blood test say about the health of the liver?

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted by Assoc. Prof. TS.BS Le Ngoc Hung – Dean and Doctor Bui Thi Hong Khang, Laboratory Department – Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital

After completing the test, if the ALT level is high, the patient will need more tests to determine the cause of the liver damage and the doctor will determine the treatment.

1. What is the ALT test?

The liver plays an important role in the human body such as secreting bile to aid in the digestion of food, removing waste products and toxins from the blood, and producing protein and cholesterol. The ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) test is a blood test that detects liver damage caused by disease, medication, or injury. Conditions such as hepatitis or cirrhosis can reduce liver function.

2. Why is the ALT index important?

The human body uses the liver enzyme ALT to break down food into energy. However, when there is liver damage, the amount of liver enzyme ALT in the blood will increase.
Your doctor may order an ALT test if you have signs of liver damage such as:
Stomach pain or swelling Nausea/voting Jaundice, yellow eyes Heavy fatigue Dark urine Light colored stools Itchy skin The doctor may also order this test in the following cases:
The patient has been exposed to the hepatitis virus The patient drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages Family members with a history of liver disease Take medications with liver disease side effects ALT tests can be done as part of a routine blood test or can be used to determine how well treatment for liver disease is working.

Xét nghiệm ALT xác định hiệu quả của việc điều trị bệnh lý gan

3. ALT . test results

Normal ALT test results can range from 7 to 55 units per liter. ALT levels are usually higher in men.
Possible causes of a slight increase in ALT:
Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Mononucleosis Statin drugs, aspirin and some sleeping aids Causes may cause moderate increases in ALT levels :
Chronic liver disease Alcohol abuse alcohol Cirrhosis Cirrhosis (blockage of the bile ducts) Heart attack or heart failure Kidney damage Muscle injury Red blood cell damage Heat shock Too much Vitamin A High ALT levels can caused by:
Acute viral hepatitis Drug overdose of certain drugs such as acetaminophen Liver cancer Septic shock

5.

Other tests

Xét nghiệm chức năng gan

The ALT test will usually be done with other liver function tests such as:
Albumin test Alkaline phosphate test Bilirubin test Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) test Quantitative protein test Clients are advised to get tested. Periodic health check-ups to be monitored and evaluated by a specialist for the progress of the disease. Vinmec International General Hospital offers a basic to advanced liver and gallbladder screening package to help customers evaluate the liver’s ability to work through liver enzyme tests and screen for diseases early to avoid complications. dangerous late.

Please dial
HOTLINE
for more information or register for an appointment HERE.
Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.

XEM THÊM:

• Hepatitis B virus
• Are high AST and ALT readings okay?
• What does a positive CRP biochemical test result mean?

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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT) ✔️ Indication, preparation, test results

General description of the analysis

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT)

Alat , or alanine aminotransferase, is an enzyme, which in the largest number is viroblyayutsya in the liver and in the least – in nirkah, pіdshlunkovіy zolozі, myocardіі і in skeletal mаzakh. In case of poor reorganization of organs in the blood, an increase in the level of AlAt is observed.

In a healthy organism, the enzyme is found in plasma in an insignificant amount. Analysis for ALT (ALT, GPT) helps in diagnosing diseases of the liver, submucosa and zhivchovydnyh duct, heart disease and skeletal muscles. Also, the drug can give a referral to blood donation for the analysis of ALT, if you want to treat the feet of the liver with hepatitis, injecting medicinal preparations or other toxic speeches into the camp of infection. Obov’yazkovym for passing the test є for blood donors.

You should pay special attention to your health and get recognized by a doctor, which is necessary for an analysis, as you have noticed an attack symptom:

– severe weakness;

– loss of appetite;

– nudity or vomit;

– pozhovtinnya shkir and white eyes;

– dark section;

– light color of kalu;

– bloating and pain in the abdomen.

Most often, in addition to the analysis for ALT, a follow-up to AsAt (aspartate aminotransferase) is indicated. Obidva tsikh enzyme help in the diagnosis of disease of the liver and heart, but especially the value may be one of the few.

it is important that AlAt rhubarb in the blood of advances, as if it exceeds the value of the norm by dozens and strike hundreds of times. Thus, the indicator increases more and more by 20 times with the development of acute forms of hepatitis A, B and C. The concentration of ALT increases by about 6 times with alcoholic hepatitis. As a result of such an illness, as fatty degeneration of the liver, then Alat rhubarb exceeds the norm by 2-3 times. And the axis with chubby lesions of the liver “strings” to the enzyme may be insignificant, but to inspire a new fahivets is to blame for the deepest respect.

also an indicator of possible movements in the onset of depressions:

– acute stage of pancreatitis;

– cops of a large caravan of the body;

– shock mill;

– pathologies of the hematopoietic system;

– mononucleosis;

– myodystrophy;

– viral infections;

– stronger physical urge;

– uncontrolled intake of dietary supplements;

– eating is wrong.

show respect! Indications of AlAt may include the use of choleretics, steroids, oral contraceptives, psychotropic drugs, immunosuppressants, anti-swelling drugs, nicotinic acid and others. Before taking the analysis, I should consult with the doctor in a different way.

indications for admission to analysis:

1. diagnosis of liver disease.
2. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction and other diseases of the heart, skeletal muscle pathology.
3. watch out for the dynamics and exaltation of viral hepatitis.

Where is the analysis building?

Dnipro

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Vasilkivka

Kryviy Rig 900 03

All see the follow up

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How do you prepare for analysis?

Respect! Vikonannya rules of preparation to laboratory doslіdzhen vplyaє on the quality of the results, it is necessary to accurately finish the preparation technique.

Respect! Vikonannya rules of preparation to laboratory doslіdzhen vplyaє on the quality of the results, it is necessary to accurately finish the preparation technique.

General rules for preparation before blood donation for laboratory examinations:

– Remaining intake for children up to 1 year old 3-5 years old, for all other adult categories 8-12 years old before blood sampling.

– 1-2 days before the due date, turn off oily and fatty foods.

– It is allowed to take no more than 200 ml of non-carbonated drinking water for all types of consumption, cream of glucose.

– Turn off chicken for at least 1 year before blood sampling.

– It is recommended to take shelter at the latest, no earlier than 10-14 days after the completion of taking medications.

– 3 days before blood sampling, turn off the increase in physical fitness.

Interpretation of results

Children:

• up to age 1: 13-45 Od / l;

Senior:

• 1 river – 100 years. Persons: 0-50 One/l. women: 0-35 Od / l;

ALT up to 50% off

Test description

Index

ALT is a test that is used to evaluate liver function. An increase in ALT in the blood in a certain proportion with another enzyme, AST may also indicate a previous heart attack.

Appointments

As a rule, it is necessary after a long-term use of medications, interaction with toxic substances (including alcohol), in the diagnosis of hepatitis, suspected pancreatitis.

Specialist

It is prescribed both in a complex of biochemical analyzes, and separately, by a therapist or hepatologist.

Important

The results of the analysis are very significantly affected by food intake, so it is important to strictly abstain for 12 hours before blood sampling.

Test method – UV kinetic test

Test material
— Blood serum

Deadline

The analysis will be ready in
within 2 days, excluding the day of collection.
The term can be extended by 1 day if necessary.
You will receive results by email. email as soon as it’s ready.

Deadline: within 2 days, excluding the day of sampling, excluding Saturday and Sunday (except for the day of taking the biomaterial)

How to prepare

In advance

Do not take a blood test immediately after x-ray, fluorography, ultrasound, physiotherapy.

The day before

24 hours before blood sampling:

• Limit fatty and fried foods, do not take alcohol.

• Avoid strenuous exercise.

From 8 to 14 hours before donating blood, do not eat, drink only clean still water.

On the day of donation

Before blood sampling

• 60 minutes without smoking,
• 15-30 minutes to be in a calm state.

Result

Analysis result example.pdf

Explanation

Interpretation of test results is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a diagnosis or
replaces medical advice. Reference values ​​may differ from those indicated in
depending on the equipment used, the actual values ​​will be indicated on the form
results.

Unit: u/l

Reference values:

Increase:

• Necrosis of liver cells of any etiology (viral hepatitis, toxic liver damage).
• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• Cholestatic and obstructive jaundice.
• Myocarditis.
• Heart failure.
• Myocardial infarction.
• Myositis.
• Major trauma and necrosis of skeletal muscle.
• Pancreatitis.
• Burn disease.
• Alcoholism.
• Liver cancer (primary and metastatic).

Decrease:

• Has no diagnostic value.

Quality Assurance

Examination performed by Biochemistry Analyzer AU 5800 from Beckman Coulter, USA

Modular technology that provides simultaneous work with a large number of samples, high speed of their processing, dosing accuracy for each study, which minimizes the total testing time

ALT

Learn more about biochemical blood tests:

Do’s and don’ts before a blood test?

How to decipher the general and biochemical blood tests?

Biochemical blood tests – meaning and importance

ALT is an enzyme from the group of aminotransferases, which is responsible for amino acid metabolism and is produced intracellularly. Normally, the content of ALT in the blood is negligible, and the highest level of the enzyme is observed in the liver cells. Therefore, with an increase in the concentration of ALT in the blood, the first suspicion falls on asymptomatic lesions of this particular organ. As a rule, this analysis is necessary after a long-term use of medications, interaction with toxic substances (including alcohol), in the diagnosis of hepatitis, and suspicion of pancreatitis.

An increase in ALT in the blood in a certain proportion with another enzyme, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), may also indicate a previous heart attack. The results of the analysis are very significantly affected by food intake, so it is important to strictly abstain for 12 hours before blood sampling.

ALT (alanine aminotransferase, ALAT) is an intracellular enzyme from the group of transferases, a subgroup of transaminases, which catalyzes the conversion of a-keto acids into amino acids by transferring amino groups. Normally, only a small part of this enzyme disappears into the blood. The enzyme is present mainly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, but it is also found in skeletal muscle and myocardial cells. The biochemical activity of ALT in the liver is almost 10 times higher than in the myocardium and skeletal muscles, therefore, an increase in the level of ALT in the blood is mainly considered as an indicator of damage to the liver parenchyma. When liver cells are damaged, the integrity of their membrane is violated and ALT enters the bloodstream. ALT has a greater diagnostic sensitivity in diseases of the hepatobiliary system than AST.

If a biochemical blood test ALT (ALAT) showed an increase in ALT activity by 50 times or more, then this can mainly be due to acute violation of hepatic perfusion, acute necrosis of liver cells caused by exotoxins, including paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride, viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis. An increase in the concentration of ALT in the blood is diagnostically significant, since its level increases even before the appearance of other clinical symptoms of liver diseases (jaundice, etc. ). With viral hepatitis, an increase in enzyme activity occurs at a very early time – in the prodromal period (it is noted in 50% of patients – in 5 days, in 90% – 2 days before the clinical manifestation of the disease).

High ALT and AST values ​​in the results of a biochemical blood test are also observed in toxic hepatitis, especially in severe cases. A moderate increase in transaminases is observed with alcoholic liver damage. Depending on the stage of the cirrhotic process, the levels of ALT and AST can be either at the upper limit of normal, or at a 4-5-fold increase from the upper limit (the level of AST is higher than ALT). In patients with primary or metastatic liver carcinomas, an increase in transaminase activity by 5-10 times is observed, however, there are cases when their level remains within the normal range, mainly in the early stages of malignant infiltration of the organ. The level in the blood test ALT (ALAT), exceeding more than 15 times the upper limit of normal, is always an indicator of acute hepatocellular necrosis of toxic, viral or circulatory origin.