What are the most effective treatments for a slipped disc. How is a herniated disc diagnosed. What non-surgical options are available for slip disc treatment. When is surgery necessary for a herniated disc. How long does recovery from slip disc treatment typically take. What lifestyle changes can help prevent future disc herniations. What are the latest advancements in slip disc treatment techniques.

Understanding Slip Disc: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

A slipped disc, also known as a herniated disc, occurs when the soft inner portion of an intervertebral disc protrudes through the tougher outer layer. This condition can cause significant pain and discomfort, particularly when it compresses nearby nerves. But how exactly is a slipped disc diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a slipped disc typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging tests. During the physical exam, a healthcare provider will assess your range of motion, muscle strength, and reflexes. They may also perform specific tests to evaluate nerve function and pinpoint the source of pain.

Imaging tests are crucial for confirming the diagnosis and determining the extent of the herniation. These may include:

• X-rays: While they don’t show disc herniations directly, X-rays can rule out other causes of back pain, such as fractures or tumors.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This provides detailed images of the spine’s soft tissues, including the discs, and is the most effective tool for diagnosing disc herniations.
• CT (Computed Tomography) scan: This can provide cross-sectional images of the spine and may be used if an MRI is not possible.

In some cases, additional tests like electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies may be performed to assess nerve function and identify any nerve damage caused by the herniated disc.

Conservative Treatment Approaches for Slip Disc

For most individuals with a slipped disc, conservative (non-surgical) treatment is the first line of defense. These approaches aim to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. What are some of the most effective conservative treatments for a slipped disc?

Physical Therapy and Exercise

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in slip disc treatment. A tailored exercise program can help strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility, and promote proper posture. Therapists may utilize techniques such as:

• Stretching exercises to improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension
• Core strengthening exercises to support the spine
• Low-impact aerobic activities to promote overall fitness and pain relief
• McKenzie exercises, which focus on extending the spine to help centralize pain

Medications for Pain Management

Various medications can be used to manage pain and inflammation associated with a slipped disc. These may include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen
• Prescription pain medications for severe cases
• Muscle relaxants to alleviate muscle spasms
• Oral corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Hot and Cold Therapy

Alternating between hot and cold therapy can help manage pain and promote healing. Cold therapy can reduce inflammation and numb pain, while heat therapy improves blood circulation and relaxes muscles. How should you apply hot and cold therapy for a slipped disc?

Apply cold packs for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, especially during the first 48-72 hours after injury. After the initial acute phase, you can introduce heat therapy, using a heating pad or warm compress for 15-20 minutes at a time. Always wrap the cold or hot pack in a towel to protect your skin from direct contact.

Advanced Non-Surgical Interventions for Slip Disc

When conservative treatments don’t provide sufficient relief, there are several advanced non-surgical interventions that can be considered. These techniques aim to provide targeted pain relief and promote healing without the need for invasive surgery.

Epidural Steroid Injections

Epidural steroid injections involve delivering a combination of corticosteroids and local anesthetic directly into the space surrounding the affected nerve roots. This can provide significant pain relief and reduce inflammation. How effective are epidural steroid injections for slip disc treatment?

Studies have shown that epidural steroid injections can provide short to medium-term pain relief for many patients with herniated discs. While they don’t address the underlying structural issue, they can provide a window of pain relief that allows patients to engage more effectively in physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Spinal Decompression Therapy

Spinal decompression therapy uses motorized traction to gently stretch the spine, creating negative pressure within the disc. This can help retract bulging or herniated disc material and promote the influx of healing nutrients. What does a typical spinal decompression session involve?

During a spinal decompression session, you’ll lie on a specialized table that’s connected to a computer-controlled device. The treatment typically lasts 30-45 minutes, and you may need multiple sessions over several weeks. Many patients report feeling a gentle stretching sensation during the treatment, which is generally painless.

Surgical Options for Severe Slip Disc Cases

While most cases of slipped discs respond well to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary in some situations. When is surgery typically recommended for a herniated disc?

Surgery is usually considered when:

• Conservative treatments have failed to provide relief after 6-12 weeks
• There is significant weakness or numbness in the affected limb
• There is loss of bladder or bowel control (cauda equina syndrome)
• The pain is severe and debilitating, significantly impacting quality of life

Microdiscectomy

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that removes the portion of the herniated disc that’s pressing on the nerve root. How is a microdiscectomy performed?

During a microdiscectomy, the surgeon makes a small incision and uses a microscope or magnifying lens to visualize the disc and nerves. Using specialized instruments, they remove the herniated portion of the disc, relieving pressure on the nerve. This procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, and many patients experience significant pain relief immediately after surgery.

Artificial Disc Replacement

In some cases, particularly for younger patients with single-level disc disease, artificial disc replacement may be an option. This procedure involves removing the damaged disc and replacing it with an artificial one. What are the potential benefits of artificial disc replacement compared to traditional spinal fusion?

Artificial disc replacement aims to maintain spinal mobility, potentially reducing the risk of adjacent segment disease (where nearby discs degenerate due to increased stress). It may also allow for a quicker recovery and return to activities compared to spinal fusion. However, not all patients are candidates for this procedure, and long-term outcomes are still being studied.

Lifestyle Modifications and Prevention Strategies

While treatment is crucial for managing a slipped disc, implementing lifestyle changes can help prevent future episodes and promote overall spine health. What are some effective strategies for preventing disc herniations?

• Maintain good posture: Practice proper ergonomics at work and home to reduce stress on your spine.
• Exercise regularly: Focus on core-strengthening exercises and low-impact activities like swimming or cycling.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts additional stress on your spine and discs.
• Quit smoking: Smoking can accelerate disc degeneration and impair healing.
• Practice proper lifting techniques: Bend at the knees, not the waist, and avoid twisting while lifting.
• Stay hydrated: Proper hydration helps maintain disc health and flexibility.

Incorporating these lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce your risk of developing a slipped disc and promote overall spine health.

Recovery and Rehabilitation After Slip Disc Treatment

Recovery from a slipped disc can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment received. How long does recovery typically take, and what can patients expect during the rehabilitation process?

For most patients undergoing conservative treatment, significant improvement is often seen within 4-6 weeks. However, complete recovery may take several months. During this time, it’s crucial to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations and engage in a structured rehabilitation program.

A typical rehabilitation program may include:

1. Gradual return to activities: Start with gentle exercises and gradually increase intensity as tolerated.
2. Targeted physical therapy: Focus on strengthening core muscles, improving flexibility, and correcting posture.
3. Pain management techniques: Learn and practice methods for managing residual pain, such as relaxation techniques or mindfulness.
4. Ergonomic adjustments: Implement changes at home and work to reduce strain on your back.
5. Lifestyle modifications: Adopt healthy habits that promote spine health, such as maintaining a healthy weight and staying active.

For patients who undergo surgery, the initial recovery period is typically 4-6 weeks, during which activities may be limited. Full recovery and return to all activities may take 3-6 months, depending on the individual and the specific procedure performed.

Emerging Treatments and Future Directions in Slip Disc Management

The field of slip disc treatment is continually evolving, with researchers exploring new approaches to improve outcomes and reduce recovery times. What are some of the most promising emerging treatments for herniated discs?

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is an area of active research in the treatment of disc herniations. This approach involves injecting stem cells or growth factors into the damaged disc to promote healing and regeneration. Early studies have shown promising results, but more research is needed to establish its long-term efficacy and safety.

Biologic Treatments

Biologic treatments, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, are being investigated for their potential to promote healing and reduce inflammation in herniated discs. These treatments use concentrated forms of the patient’s own blood components to stimulate tissue repair.

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Techniques

Advancements in endoscopic technology are allowing for even less invasive surgical approaches to treating herniated discs. These techniques may offer faster recovery times and reduced risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery.

As research in these areas continues, it’s likely that new treatment options will become available, potentially offering more effective and less invasive solutions for patients with slipped discs.

In conclusion, the management of slipped discs involves a comprehensive approach, ranging from conservative treatments to advanced surgical interventions. By understanding the available options and working closely with healthcare providers, patients can develop an effective treatment plan tailored to their specific needs. As research progresses, new and innovative treatments may offer even better outcomes for those suffering from this common spinal condition.

Mississippi man finds relief at Mayo Clinic for excruciating back pain

• By

  Rhoda Madson

  March 19, 2023

Edward Markle was desperate.

Despite receiving nerve blocks from his doctors, Edward says the pain from two herniated discs had become excruciating and unrelenting. He could not sit or walk without pain. He slept on the floor, two hours a night. He was increasingly worried about the future.

“It shut my quality of life down to almost zero,” he says. “I couldn’t move. I could not get out. I could not find a way to hide from the pain. There was no position to get into to get even a minute’s worth of relief. There was no light at the end of the tunnel.”

Looking for help

Edward began to search in earnest for a solution. One night, at 2 a.m., he went online and typed: “Best back surgery in the United States.” Mayo Clinic popped up first.

The next day, he called Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from his home in Pass Christian, Mississippi, about 25 miles from Gulfport-Biloxi. He reached out to a doctor who had treated him for an unrelated matter years earlier. Eventually he connected with the Mayo Clinic Spine Center. To his surprise, the person on the line said she had an opening for an initial appointment the following week.

“She asked if I was able to make the appointment in such a short time frame,” Edward recalls. “I believe she could tell I was frantic and in distress. I said, ‘I will be there.'”

Days later, Edward, 72, and his wife were on a plane to Rochester. He met with a physician assistant at the Mayo Clinic Spine Center for an initial assessment, and it became clear that he needed surgery. Within the hour, Edward was talking to Brett Freedman, M.D., an orthopedic spine surgeon. Dr. Freedman examined Edward and reviewed his medical records, CT scans and X-rays.

This wasn’t Edward’s first back injury. Thirty years earlier, he had hurt his back, but it healed without surgery. This time, the pain from an injury in September 2022 was significantly different.

The right timing

Dr. Freedman set up more tests for Edward and determined that Edward needed surgery as soon as possible. Because of an unusual last-minute cancellation, Dr. Freedman’s surgery schedule had an opening the next day. Edward took the spot.

During the disc decompression surgery, Dr. Freedman removed part of Edward’s herniated discs and bone pushing on his nerve, which was causing pain.

A herniated disc that causes symptoms is the most common reason people seek out spine surgeons and surgery, Dr. Freedman says.

“We remove only the things you don’t need,” Dr. Freedman says. “When we’re done, you have a stable spine, and in six weeks, a stable and healed spine. Mr. Markle’s problem was a 100% pinched nerve, and he got 100% clinical benefit.”

The surgery went well. Edward, a lawyer and engineer by training, was amazed. While in the recovery area, he did not have pain radiating down his right leg or in the surgical site. He had no significant complications.

The next morning, he did something he had not been able to do for two months — walk up two flights of stairs with no pain.

A few days later, Edward walked out of Mayo Clinic and headed home.

“It was an amazing outcome,” Edward says. “I call it a miracle. Mayo and Dr. Freedman saved my life.”

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Slipped disc: Non-surgical treatment options – InformedHealth.org

Last Update: April 9, 2020; Next update: 2023.

Most people with a slipped disc in the lumbar region of their spine (lower back) are offered “conservative” treatment, meaning that the treatment does not involve surgery. This mainly involves exercise, relaxation and positioning, painkillers or local anesthetics, and manual and physical therapy.

Some slipped discs don’t cause any symptoms, whereas others lead to severe back pain. A slipped disc in the lumbar region of the spine (the lower back) can press on the sciatic nerve and cause pain that often radiates down one leg and into the foot. Most people recover from a slipped disc within six weeks without treatment. Until then there are a number of treatment options that aim to help relieve the pain and improve mobility.

Exercise, relaxation and positioning

In the past, people who had a slipped disc were typically advised to stay in bed for one to two weeks. Nowadays the opposite approach is taken: people are advised to stay active instead. This is because remaining in a lying position for a long time can make muscles and bones weaker, which can end up causing other problems.

Studies have shown that physical activity can improve mobility. However, whether people keep up with exercise or rest instead wasn’t found to influence the back pain itself. So it is a good idea to try to carry out your normal daily activities as much as the pain allows. Exercise has also been proven to effectively prevent back pain from returning.

Relaxation exercises may also be worth a try to help relieve back pain. How you perceive pain and how well you cope with it can be influenced by your mind.

If the pain is very severe, though, there is sometimes simply no other way to deal with it than to lie down and find a position that puts as little strain on your back as possible. Many people find the “psoas” position comfortable: While lying on your back, you put your lower legs on a raised platform high enough so that your knees are bent at a 90-degree angle. But it is important not to stay inactive for too long.

Psoas position

Medication for the pain

There are a number of different medications for the relief of sciatic nerve pain (sciatica) caused by a slipped disc. Most of these are painkillers, but you can also use muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory drugs. The following medications are the most commonly used. They are all available without a prescription when taken at a low dose:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These painkillers belong to the same group of drugs as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, the drug in medicines like “Aspirin”). NSAIDs that may be an option for the treatment of sciatica include diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen. They have a pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effect.Because NSAIDs prevent blood from clotting to an extent, they can cause bleeding. The bleeding may be mild, such as a nosebleed or bleeding gums, but more serious bleeding can sometimes also occur, for example in the stomach or bowels. In some cases NSAIDs cause stomach ulcers, too. NSAIDs may also impair the function of the kidneys. If you have asthma, a cardiovascular disease, or a stomach ulcer, you should ask your doctor for advice before taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs can also be injected into muscle tissue, although that is generally not done anymore nowadays. NSAID injections probably don’t have any advantages over tablets or suppositories, but they may cause nerve damage, bleeding or inflammation at the site of injection.

• Acetaminophen (paracetamol): Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is also a painkiller, but it is not an NSAID. It is well tolerated and can be used as an alternative to NSAIDs – especially for people who do not tolerate NSAID painkillers because of things like stomach problems or asthma. But higher doses of acetaminophen can cause liver and kidney damage. For this reason, adults should follow the information on the package insert and make sure they do not take more than 4 grams (4,000 milligrams) of acetaminophen per day. This is the amount in, for example, 8 tablets containing 500 milligrams each. It is not only important to take the right dose, but also to wait long enough between doses.

Some of the medication options have to be prescribed by a doctor. These include:

• Opioids: Strong painkillers that may only be used under medical supervision. Opioids are available in many different strengths, and some are available in the form of a patch. Morphine, for example, is a very strong drug, while tramadol is a weaker opioid. These drugs may have a number of different side effects, some of which are serious. They range from nausea, vomiting and constipation to dizziness, breathing problems and blood pressure fluctuation. Taking these drugs for a longer time can lead to habitual use and physical dependence.

• Steroids: Inflammation-reducing drugs that can be used to treat various diseases systemically. It is called a systemic treatment if the medication spreads throughout the entire body. This happens when it is taken as a tablet, injected into a muscle or given through a drip (infusion).Systemic steroids can soothe inflammation and relieve pain. They can also increase the risk of certain medical problems, including stomach ulcers, osteoporosis, infections, skin problems, glaucoma and glucose metabolism disorders.

• Muscle relaxants: Sedatives that also relax the muscles. Like other psychotropic medications, they can cause fatigue and drowsiness, and affect your ability to drive. Muscle relaxants can also affect the functioning of your liver and cause gastrointestinal (stomach and bowel) complications. Benzodiazepines such as tetrazepam may lead to dependency if they are taken for longer than two weeks.

• Anticonvulsants: These medications are typically used to treat epilepsy, but some are approved for treating nerve pain (neuralgia). Their side effects include drowsiness and fatigue. This can affect your ability to drive.

• Antidepressants: These drugs are usually used for treating depression. Some of them are also approved for the treatment of pain. Possible side effects include nausea, dry mouth, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and fatigue.

Anticonvulsants and antidepressants are typically not used unless the symptoms last for a longer period of time or the painkillers don’t provide enough relief.

Manual therapy and treatments based on physical stimuli

The treatment options for sciatica following a slipped disc also include manual therapy and treatments based on physical stimuli. Manual treatment may include massages and special techniques for relaxing tense muscles or locked joints. Treatments based on physical stimuli use warming and cooling methods to relieve pain. These treatments are also called passive therapies because patients don’t have to actively participate. Common treatments include:

• Massages: Various massage techniques are used to relax muscles and ease tension.

• Heating and cooling: This includes the use of hot packs and heating patches, a hot bath, going to the sauna or using an infrared lamp. Heat can also help relax tense muscles. Cold packs, like cold wraps or gel packs, are also used to help soothe irritated nerves.

• Ultrasound therapy: Here the lower back is treated with sound waves. The small vibrations that are produced generate heat and relax the body tissue.

There is no overall proof that passive treatments speed up recovery from a slipped disc or relieve the pain especially well. But many people find that heat or massages are pleasant and relaxing.

Traditional Asian medicine

Treatment approaches based on traditional Asian medicine include:

• Acupuncture: In ´´acupuncture the therapist inserts fine needles into certain points on the body. This is thought to relieve the pain..

• Reiki: Reiki is a Japanese treatment which aims to relieve pain by using specific hand placements.

• Moxibustion: This method is used to heat specific points on the body by placing heated needles or glowing sticks made of mugwort (“Moxa”) close to those points.

There are very few good-quality studies on these treatments, and there is no proof that they help to relieve pain. Acupuncture is the only approach for which there is weak evidence that it might relieve pain – although this relief has been shown to be unrelated to where the needles are placed on the body.

Injections near the spine

Injection therapy mainly uses local anesthetics and/or inflammation-reducing medications like steroids. These drugs are injected into the area immediately surrounding the affected nerve root. There are different ways of doing this:

• In lumbar spinal nerve analgesia, the medication is injected directly at the point where the nerve root leaves the spinal canal. This has a numbing effect on the nerve root.

• In lumbar epidural analgesia, the medication is injected into what is known as the epidural space (“epidural injection”). The epidural space surrounds the spinal cord and the spinal fluid in the spinal canal. This is also where the nerve roots are located. During this treatment the spine is monitored using computer tomography or x-rays to make sure that the injection is placed at exactly the right spot.

Injections close to the spine can have side effects such as bleeding, infection and nerve damage. A treatment involving injections over a longer period of time may also lead to muscle weakness and is associated with radiation exposure due to the use of x-rays. For this reason, only a limited number of injections may be given. It is important to carefully weigh the pros and cons of having multiple injections.

Studies on treatments with injections have shown that they are able to relieve sciatica for several weeks. People were able to move more easily while going about their day-to-day activities as a result. Steroid injections seem to be somewhat more effective than other types of injections.

Treating pain and staying active

Acute low back pain usually has no clear cause and goes away on its own after a few days. And even if a slipped disc is causing it, your body will probably be able to make the problem go away on its own within six weeks. Most treatments hardly affect the speed of recovery. Hot packs or massages might help you feel better. If you have severe pain, short-term relief can be provided by getting into a position that reduces the strain on your back and by using anti-inflammatory drugs or local anesthetics. But most of the work is usually done by the body itself.

If slipped disc symptoms persist for a longer time, surgery may be an option to try to relieve the pressure on the affected nerve. However, most experts believe that slipped disc surgery is done more often in Germany than is actually necessary. So it might make sense to get a second opinion if your doctor advises you to have surgery and you aren’t sure whether this is the right treatment.

It is particularly important to stay as physically active as possible despite the pain. Exercise will not only keep your body in shape, it generally also has a positive effect on your mood. Getting enough exercise and keeping up the strength of your torso (core muscles) is key in order to stop back pain from becoming chronic. Physical activity has been scientifically proven to have a preventive effect – and it is probably the most important thing you can do to help yourself.

Sources

• Bhatia A, Flamer D, Shah PS, Cohen SP. Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections for Treating Lumbosacral Radicular Pain from Herniated Intervertebral Discs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg 2016; 122(3): 857-870. [PubMed: 26891397]

• Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz. Langfassung. AWMF-Registernr.: nvl-007. 2017.

• Jordan J, Konstantinou K, O’Dowd J. Herniated lumbar disc. BMJ Clin Evid 2011: pii: 1118.

• Lee JH, Kim DH, Kim DH, Shin KH, Park SJ, Lee GJ et al. Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Epidural Injection With or Without Steroid in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pain Physician 2018; 21(5): 449-468. [PubMed: 30282390]

• Lewis R, Williams N, Matar HE, Din N, Fitzsimmons D, Phillips C et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and economic model. Health Technol Assess 2011; 15(39): 1-578. [PMC free article: PMC4781007] [PubMed: 22078311]

• Li X, Han Y, Cui J, Yuan P, Di Z, Li L. Efficacy of Warm Needle Moxibustion on Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Meta-Analysis. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 21(4): 311-319. [PubMed: 26378088]

• Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC et al. Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 344: e497. [PMC free article: PMC3278391] [PubMed: 22331277]

• Qin Z, Liu X, Wu J, Zhai Y, Liu Z. Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Treating Sciatica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015: Article ID 425108. [PMC free article: PMC4631886] [PubMed: 26576192]

• Rasmussen-Barr E, Held U, Grooten WJ, Roelofs PD, Koes BW, van Tulder MW et al. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Sciatica: An Updated Cochrane Review. Spine 2017; 42(8): 586-594. [PubMed: 28399072]

• Rasmussen-Barr E, Held U, Grooten WJ, Roelofs PD, Koes BW, van Tulder MW et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (10): CD012382. [PMC free article: PMC6461200] [PubMed: 27743405]

• Rubinstein SM, de Zoete A, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW. Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2019; 364: l689. [PMC free article: PMC6396088] [PubMed: 30867144]

• Tang S, Mo Z, Zhang R. Acupuncture for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupunct Med 2018; 36(2): 62-70. [PubMed: 29496679]

• IQWiG health information is written with the aim of helping
  people understand the advantages and disadvantages of the main treatment options and health
  care services.

  Because IQWiG is a German institute, some of the information provided here is specific to the
  German health care system. The suitability of any of the described options in an individual
  case can be determined by talking to a doctor. We do not offer individual consultations.

  Our information is based on the results of good-quality studies. It is written by a
  team of
  health care professionals, scientists and editors, and reviewed by external experts. You can
  find a detailed description of how our health information is produced and updated in
  our methods.

!🥏 Sliding discs. How to work with gliding discs.

!🥏 Sliding discs. How to work with gliding discs.

Gliding discs are a special type of small piece of equipment that I use in my Pilates workouts. The basis of working with discs is the principle of sliding, which allows you to enhance the effect of the usual
exercises. By training with disks regularly, you get a simple and high-quality training that will help you work out problem areas on your legs, arms and stomach. Discs are effective for people of all skill levels, but because they are
additional equipment, the task of which is to increase the load due to friction, it is better to use them when the basic exercises become easy for you. Disc training will help increase endurance, flexibility, and develop balance.
and even recover from injuries.

The technical task of gliding discs is to ensure sliding on the floor during exercises based on arms or legs. During training with disks, you do not take your legs and arms off the floor surface, but slide along it, holding the weight of your
body. Being in contact with the unstable surface of the disk, the muscles work differently than during normal exercises with their own weight. To slide from one position to another, a person needs to maintain constant tension in the muscles
agonists, and stabilizers. When doing exercises, you put discs under your feet or palms and perform sliding movements forward, backward or sideways. Overcoming the force of friction with the floor surface, your muscles receive an additional load
along the entire trajectory. To maintain balance, the entire muscle corset is involved. If you are having trouble with your balance while exercising, you can hold on to a wall or a chair.

Modern sliding discs have two surfaces – one plastic, the other fabric. This allows a person to train on different floor coverings. The plastic surface glides perfectly on carpets and carpet, and the fabric surface glides on a hard surface.
(tile, laminate, parquet). Discs can be used in different workouts. In the fitness club, an experienced trainer can give you both an intensive cardio workout with discs and an interval workout with your own body weight. Also disks can be used when working out
any particular muscle group. Gliding discs are a great addition to any workout.

If you don’t have slip discs on hand, you can use any material that can slip on the floor, such as disposable paper or plastic plates, pieces of cloth, small towels, and even regular socks. Do you want to improve your body and
get rid of problem areas without boring monotonous exercises? You will definitely enjoy training with gliding discs!

Who invented gliding discs

Gliding discs have appeared recently. Gliding as a type of training was invented in America by fitness trainer and world champion aerobics Mindy Milrea, who wanted to create an effective training program, without jumping and impact loads.
As a mother of three active sons, she was looking for versatile equipment that can be used to keep fit in the most comfortable conditions, namely, to train on her own at home and use improvised means, without
working with a trainer and visiting a fitness club.

Pictured: Mindy Mylrea

Mindy has been developing a set of exercises with discs for five years, and as a result, she managed to prove the high effectiveness of such fitness equipment. In 2004, she patented a new type of sports training that appealed to both beginners,
as well as professionals.

Initially, these were not the disks we see them now, but ordinary disposable plates. Mindy also recommended using any means at hand – kitchen towels and just sliding objects. Now there are many modifications of gliding discs,
made of special synthetic sliding materials that can be used on any surface. Also there are discs made of pressed paper. They are not expensive and less durable, but they train muscles no worse than professional ones. original gliding
discs are round, 22 cm in diameter and 1 cm high. There are many cheaper analogues now, so it is not necessary to purchase original discs, the cost of which, of course, is higher.

Disc training helps people recover from injuries and complex surgeries. They are also effective for weight loss.

How to choose discs for yourself

Sliding discs come in various shapes – round oval and even triangular. The shape of the discs does not affect the functionality and quality of the workout, so choose the ones that you like best. I spend training with round. As for the material of manufacture,
everything depends on

manufacturer and cost. The more well-known the name of the manufacturer’s company and the better the material, the higher the cost and the longer the service life. But this does not mean that cheaper counterparts can last less. As I wrote above, you can use in your
workouts even disposable plates, just change them more often.

Quality gliding discs are durable and easy to clean. Even with active use, they will be able to retain their original appearance for a long time. They are small, compact and lightweight, you can buy them for yourself and take them with you on vacation or for training on
nature to keep in shape when it is not possible to visit a fitness club. Discs will be a great gift for anyone who loves fitness.

You can buy sliding discs at any sports shop. This is a common type of sports equipment, so finding it is not difficult. For myself, I buy wheels on Aliexpress. Although the delivery takes several weeks, it is still very convenient, because
There is just an incredibly huge selection of shapes and colors. The price of gliding discs ranges from $2 to $10 on average.

What effect will you get from training with discs

During training, the discs should be placed under the legs or arms. Depends on what exercises you plan to do. Thanks to sliding, the usual movements will be more difficult for you. You will receive a uniform physical load on all muscle groups. In addition to strengthening muscles
gliding exercises perfectly develop joints in all planes, which is the prevention of many joint diseases.

If you are new to gliding, keep a chair handy for support at first. Most disc exercises have a wide range of motion, so make sure you have enough space around you.

Disc training will help strengthen and stretch muscle fibers, work out small stabilizing muscles, improve balance and focus, which is required for the correct execution of movements. Discs will be indispensable in recovery training after injury or joint pain.
Use disks in training with children. They will be useful for the development of endurance, motor skills and coordination in a child.

Gliding disc exercises take some getting used to, however advanced athletes can use two pairs at the same time – one for the arms and one for the legs.

See these videos for examples of disc training:

Gliding will appeal to anyone looking for an effective, varied and low impact workout for the whole body. Regular gliding exercises will help you get a toned and lean body in a short time without the use of complex or expensive equipment.

Benefits and contraindications in the use of disks:

Gliding workouts will help you work out problem areas: tighten your stomach, waist, outer and inner thighs and buttocks. Due to the additional grip on the surface when sliding, you get a higher load on the muscles, which means you will have a workout
more effective. Disc workouts are low impact and gentle on the joints. The discs force the muscles to work differently than when working with their own weight. However, as with most other types of exercise, training with gliding discs also has its contraindications.
Before using the discs, I recommend consulting with your doctor.

Gliding training will be useful for you if:

• are indispensable for recovery from injuries;
• develop balance, flexibility and cardio activity;
• discs are compact, you can take with you anywhere;
• allow you to complicate training;
• are safe for the musculoskeletal system;

Consultation with a doctor for classes is necessary if:

• there are chronic joint problems;
• knee injuries;
• obesity and varicose veins;
• to train in the postoperative period;
• to use in diseases of the cardiovascular system;

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Slipping of the vertebrae (listhesis) – Avicenna Klinik

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• Diseases of the spine
• Slipping of the vertebrae (listhesis)

When the vertebrae “disturb the general order”

9 0002 Vertebral slippage, also known as spondylolisthesis, is the sliding of a vertebral body together with its root of the arc, transverse processes and superior articular processes. In this case, the segment above the next deeper vertebra may slide forward (anterolisthesis) or backward (retrolisthesis). This leads to spinal instability and often back pain, often radiating to the legs. The 5th lumbar vertebra is affected most often (80%), the 4th lumbar vertebra is the second most common problem (15%). More than half of all patients have atypical/unclear symptoms for a long time, so only an accurate diagnosis can clarify the situation. In about 2-4% of cases, slippage of the vertebrae remains without complaints and therefore unnoticed.

Symptoms of slipping of the vertebrae

Development from grades 1 to 4 is usually slow. Only in rare cases can a sudden deterioration occur. However, as a rule, at an advanced stage, there are pain during exertion and constant pain. Depending on the degree of slippage over time, one or more nerves may be pinched and stretched in the spinal canal/vertebral canal. This can lead to nerve damage, up to and including functional failure. This, in turn, can lead to paralysis, which affects both the legs and bladder and bowel function. This wears out the intervertebral discs (herniated disc) and the spinal joint (spondylarthrosis), which can sometimes cause severe pain. It is not uncommon for patients to also experience tingling, numbness, and/or weakness.

Causes of slipping of the vertebrae

Normally, the spine forms a uniform, slightly S-shaped curve to which all of its components adapt. In the case of so-called sliding vertebrae, one or more vertebrae slip out of their normal position.

This instability can have various causes: on the one hand, congenital deformities of the spine cause the vertebrae to slip out of their usual position. On the other hand, gradual age-related changes, such as wear and tear, bone destruction or previous fractures, most often lead to the phenomenon of slipping vertebrae. Age-related changes in the intervertebral discs, as well as wear and tear of the vertebral bodies, are the most common causes of vertebral slip. People aged 50-60 are most often affected. Because over the years, the intervertebral discs, which are located between the individual vertebrae as shock absorbers, lose fluid and, consequently, their volume. They shrink more and more, stand tighter, tendons and ligaments weaken. As a result, segments of the spine become unstable. The individual vertebra is no longer held and can more easily slide out of the existing structure. Well-trained ligaments, muscles, and tendons slow down displacement as they provide additional stability.

In some cases, listhesis can also be caused by excessive stress on the spine in high performance sports. Rhythmic gymnastics, pole vaulters or dolphin swimmers are especially at risk here. Serious injuries such as car accidents can also seriously affect the stability of the spine and cause the vertebrae to slip.

Fundamentally, there are four degrees of severity of sliding of the vertebrae (Meyerding classification):

• Grade 1: offset less than 25%
• Grade 2: offset 25 – 50%
• Grade 3: offset 5 1 – 75%
• Degree 4: offset over 75%

Diagnosis slipping of the vertebrae

An x-ray already clearly shows when a vertebra has slipped. However, what looks so impressive in the picture is often just a random find. If the slipped vertebra does not press on the nerve or directly on the intervertebral disc, the disease proceeds largely without pain and symptoms. But it can also lead to chronic, deep-seated low back pain (LBP), and especially with further damage to the spine (including SP) and intervertebral discs. Therefore, for accurate diagnosis, a whole package of measures is needed. In the first place, of course, is a detailed conversation with the patient (anamnesis). Here the doctor asks in particular detail about the usual loads or specific sports. A thorough examination of the spine includes a conclusion about the patient’s posture, the stage of formation of periostosis of the lumbar spine (POP), an assessment of the condition of the pelvis and pain intensity.

Functional and pain testing, CT or MRI diagnostics, spinal measurement, electromyography (EMG) and discography complete the picture for an accurate diagnosis of spinal slip.

Treatment of slipped vertebrae

In some cases, conservative therapeutic treatment is sufficient to relieve the condition caused by slipping of the vertebrae. In addition to pain management, we focus on spinal stabilization. As part of the physiotherapy treatment, we strengthen the muscles or the patient temporarily receives a corset that keeps the back in the correct position. However, conservative therapy is not able to treat the cause of the disease (slip of the vertebrae).

If discomfort and pain have been present for a long time and there is already a loss of functions, then with the help of an operation (spinal fusion – blocking or immobilization) it is possible to achieve permanent stabilization of the affected vertebral segments. With this surgical method, we not only stabilize the joint, but also eliminate the resulting narrowing, correct the position of slipped vertebrae (reposition) and release pinched nerves (decompression).

Spinal blocking is performed using titanium elements to stabilize weak areas. During surgery under general anesthesia, the screws are inserted into the vertebral bodies and fixed with fasteners.

Sometimes it is necessary to replace damaged intervertebral discs with bone blocks, titanium structures or plastic implants. In case of slippage of the vertebrae (listhesis), we first correct the spinal segment and then fix it in the same operating session. A few months after the procedure, the vertebral joints fuse with the inserted blocks or bone implants. Thus, the rigidity of the affected area is achieved.

This eliminates weakness and relieves pain significantly. Only then is there again an opportunity for conservative therapy to strengthen the back muscles. Of course, after such a procedure, patients can continue to perform all the desired movements of the back, often even better than before.

Author
Dr. honey. Munter Sabarini
Specialist, neurosurgery

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