What are the key differences between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. How do these conditions affect cardiovascular health. What are the main risk factors and symptoms to be aware of. How are these arterial diseases diagnosed and treated effectively.

The Nature of Arterial Hardening: Defining Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

Arterial hardening is a complex cardiovascular condition that encompasses two closely related yet distinct processes: arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. While often used interchangeably, these terms describe different aspects of arterial disease.

Arteriosclerosis refers to the general hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls. This process occurs naturally with aging but can be accelerated by various factors. Atherosclerosis, on the other hand, is a specific type of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the arterial walls.

Key Distinctions Between Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

• Arteriosclerosis: General stiffening of arterial walls
• Atherosclerosis: Specific plaque formation within arteries
• Arteriosclerosis: Can occur without plaque buildup
• Atherosclerosis: Always involves fatty deposits

Can arteriosclerosis occur without atherosclerosis. Yes, it’s possible for arteries to harden and lose elasticity without significant plaque buildup. However, atherosclerosis is always accompanied by some degree of arteriosclerosis.

The Progressive Nature of Atherosclerosis: From Plaque Formation to Cardiovascular Events

Atherosclerosis is a gradual process that often begins in childhood and progresses over decades. It starts with the accumulation of fatty streaks in the arterial walls, which can eventually develop into more substantial plaques. These plaques narrow the arterial lumen, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs.

As atherosclerosis advances, it can lead to various cardiovascular complications:

1. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
2. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
3. Carotid artery disease
4. Stroke
5. Heart attack

Is atherosclerosis reversible. While complete reversal is challenging, lifestyle changes and medical interventions can slow or halt its progression. In some cases, plaque regression is possible with aggressive treatment.

Recognizing the Silent Threat: Symptoms and Warning Signs of Arterial Disease

One of the most dangerous aspects of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is their often asymptomatic nature in the early stages. Many individuals remain unaware of their condition until a significant cardiovascular event occurs. However, as the disease progresses, certain symptoms may emerge:

• Chest pain or angina
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Leg pain or cramping during exercise (claudication)
• Numbness or weakness in the limbs
• Difficulty concentrating or confusion

Do all individuals with atherosclerosis experience symptoms. No, many people with atherosclerosis remain asymptomatic for years. Regular check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection and prevention of complications.

Assessing Risk: Factors Contributing to Arterial Hardening and Plaque Formation

Understanding the risk factors for arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is essential for prevention and early intervention. These factors can be broadly categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable risks:

Modifiable Risk Factors

• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• High cholesterol levels
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes
• Poor diet
• Excessive alcohol consumption

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

• Age (risk increases with advancing years)
• Gender (men are at higher risk, though risk equalizes after menopause)
• Family history of cardiovascular disease
• Ethnicity (higher risk in certain populations)

Can lifestyle changes significantly reduce the risk of arterial disease. Absolutely. Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can dramatically lower the risk of developing or worsening arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.

Diagnostic Approaches: Identifying and Assessing Arterial Disease

Diagnosing arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The following diagnostic tools are commonly employed:

1. Physical examination: Checking blood pressure, listening to heart and blood flow
2. Blood tests: Lipid profile, glucose levels, inflammatory markers
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG): Assessing heart’s electrical activity
4. Stress tests: Evaluating heart function during physical exertion
5. Imaging studies:
   • Coronary calcium scan
   • Carotid ultrasound
   • Computed tomography angiography (CTA)
   • Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
6. Angiography: Gold standard for visualizing arterial blockages

Are non-invasive tests sufficient for diagnosing atherosclerosis. In many cases, yes. Non-invasive imaging techniques can provide valuable information about plaque burden and arterial health. However, in some situations, more invasive procedures like angiography may be necessary for definitive diagnosis and treatment planning.

Treatment Strategies: Managing Arterial Disease and Preventing Complications

The treatment of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis aims to slow disease progression, reduce symptoms, and prevent cardiovascular events. A comprehensive approach typically includes:

Lifestyle Modifications

• Adopting a heart-healthy diet
• Regular physical activity
• Smoking cessation
• Weight management
• Stress reduction

Medications

• Statins to lower cholesterol
• Antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure
• Antiplatelet agents to prevent blood clots
• Diabetes medications (if applicable)

Interventional Procedures

• Angioplasty and stenting
• Atherectomy
• Bypass surgery

Can medication alone effectively treat advanced atherosclerosis. While medications play a crucial role in managing arterial disease, advanced cases may require a combination of medical therapy and interventional procedures for optimal outcomes.

Prevention Strategies: Safeguarding Arterial Health for Long-term Wellness

Preventing arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is far more effective than treating advanced disease. Key preventive measures include:

1. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
2. Engaging in regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week)
3. Avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol consumption
4. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, meditation, or counseling
5. Controlling underlying health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol
6. Regular health check-ups and screenings, especially for those with risk factors
7. Consider preventive medications (e.g., aspirin therapy) as recommended by a healthcare provider

Is it ever too late to start preventing arterial disease. No, it’s never too late to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle. Even individuals with established arterial disease can benefit significantly from preventive measures and potentially slow or halt disease progression.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Arterial Disease Management

The field of arterial disease research is rapidly evolving, with promising developments on the horizon. Some areas of active investigation include:

• Novel imaging techniques for early detection and risk stratification
• Targeted therapies to reduce inflammation and plaque instability
• Gene therapy approaches to address underlying genetic risk factors
• Personalized medicine strategies based on individual risk profiles
• Advanced interventional techniques for complex arterial lesions
• Regenerative medicine approaches to restore arterial health

How might future treatments revolutionize the management of arterial disease. Emerging therapies may offer more targeted and effective ways to prevent, halt, or even reverse arterial disease progression. Personalized approaches based on genetic and molecular profiles could lead to more precise interventions and improved outcomes.

Understanding the nuances of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis is crucial for effective prevention, early detection, and management of arterial disease. By recognizing risk factors, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, and leveraging advanced diagnostic and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of serious complications. As research continues to uncover new insights into the mechanisms of arterial disease, we can look forward to increasingly sophisticated and effective strategies for maintaining arterial health throughout life.

Atherosclerosis – BHF

Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty material (atheroma) inside your arteries. It’s a potentially serious condition that causes most heart attacks and strokes but often goes unnoticed.



What’s on this page?

What’s atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a common condition that can affect anyone, particularly if you’re over 65 or have a family history of heart or circulatory diseases. It’s caused by a build-up of fatty material called atheroma (or plaque) in your artery walls (where blood passes from the heart to the rest of the body).

Atheroma builds up as the walls of your arteries harden and narrow until blood can’t pass properly from your heart to the rest of your body. Many people don’t know they have atherosclerosis since atheroma takes time to build up and often doesn’t cause symptoms until it’s serious.

Lifestyle, health conditions and family history all effect whether you’ll get it. Atherosclerosis isn’t reversible but lifestyle choices are important in preventing the risk and improving the symptoms of it.

How can atherosclerosis affect me?

If left untreated, atherosclerosis can potentially lead to serious health problems, like: 

• angina – usually a pain or discomfort in your chest that happens when your heart muscle isn’t getting enough blood 
• coronary heart disease – when the main arteries of your heart become narrowed or blocked by fatty material (plaque) by a build-up of fatty material within their walls.
• heart attack – if the fatty material breaks down and becomes a blood clot, it can block your artery and cut off the supply of blood to your heart
• stroke – when enough blood can’t get to your brain. If the blood supply is limited for a short time, this can cause a mini-stroke (called a TIA). If the fatty material breaks down and becomes a blood clot, it can block the artery and cause a stroke
• peripheral arterial disease (or PAD) – when enough blood can’t get to your leg muscles. This can cause pain in your calves, hips, buttocks and thighs – usually when you’re walking or exercising.

What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?

Most people with atherosclerosis don’t know they have it because most of the symptoms don’t show up until one of your arteries is narrowed or blocked. The most common symptoms of atherosclerosis include:

• chest pain 
• confusion, as a result of blood not flowing to your brain 
• difficulty breathing 
• feeling very tired 
• pain in any of your limbs, where there may be a blocked artery 
• weak muscles 

If you have any of these symptoms or think you may have atherosclerosis, please contact your GP.

Am I at risk of getting atherosclerosis?

Since there isn’t a specific reason why arteries become narrowed or blocked by atheroma, anyone is at risk of getting atherosclerosis. However, there are some factors that can increase your chances of getting it, such as:

• a family history of atherosclerosis or other heart problems

• being overweight or obese

• conditions like high cholesterol, diabetes or high blood pressure (which increase your risk of having heart and circulatory diseases)
• drinking too much alcohol (more than the recommend weekly amount of 14 units)
• ethnicity – research has shown that people of some ethnicities (Black Africans, African Caribbean’s and South Asians) in the UK are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. Both of these conditions increase your risk of having heart and circulatory disease
• getting older, especially if you’re over 65
• not exercising enough
• smoking and using other tobacco products
• unhealthy diet.

How is atherosclerosis diagnosed?

To find out if you have atherosclerosis, your doctor will ask questions about your lifestyle, family history and may send you for tests. If you can, find out if you have a family history of atherosclerosis or heart disease so your doctor gets a full picture. The tests may include:

• blood tests – to check your cholesterol and overall health
• carotid ultrasound – a test that makes pictures of the insides of the two largest arteries in your neck (called the carotid arteries)
• CT scan/coronary calcium scoring – a scan of the heart to see how much plaque has built up in the arteries of your heart
• coronary angiogram – a special x-ray using dye to see the blood flow in your heart
• ECG – a test that records the electrical activity of your heart
• exercise ECG – a test that records the electrical activity of your heart while you’re exercising.

Most tests aren’t as scary, painful or complicated as they seem at first. Get prepared and feel better about the tests for atherosclerosis and other conditions on our tests page.

How is atherosclerosis treated?

If you’re diagnosed with atherosclerosis, there aren’t any treatments that can get rid of it. You’ll have it for the rest of your life. However, there are medicines and treatments that can slow down its progress, reduce your symptoms and let you live your normal life.

Your doctor will talk you about what treatment you might need, which may include:

• a procedure – if your arteries are seriously narrowed or blocked, coronary bypass surgery or a coronary angioplasty may have to be done
• changes to your lifestyle – like exercising, not smoking and drinking less alcohol to reduce symptoms
• changes to your diet – to reduce the effects of conditions like high cholesterol, high blood pressure or diabetes
• medicines – to reduce high cholesterol, high blood pressure or the risk of blood clots.

Living with atherosclerosis for the rest of your life can be scary and stressful. Although it can be hard, you can reduce any negative feelings you might have by talking to family, friends and asking your GP any questions you may have. Get started with our conversation tips.

How do I prevent atherosclerosis?

Making positive changes to your lifestyle is one of the best ways of both preventing and improving the symptoms of atherosclerosis. The things that reduce your risk of developing atherosclerosis are the same as for other types of heart and circulatory diseases, like:

• eating healthier foods – use our recipe finder for tasty and heart healthy ideas
• keeping active – which improves your heart health, boosts your energy levels, and helps you sleep better
• keeping to a healthy weight – this will help your overall health and prevent extra strain on your heart
• limiting how much alcohol you drink (less than the recommended 14 units per week)
• stopping smoking and using other tobacco products
• taking medications – if prescribed by your doctor to help issues like high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.

Making changes to your lifestyle can seem daunting at first, but many people face the same issues you do. That’s why we have pages packed with help, whether it’s about diet, exercise or quitting smoking. Start making changes today. 

Heart Helpline & other support:

• speak to our cardiac nurses by phone, callback, email or online chat on Heart Helpline (Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm)
• contact us to talk to our customer care advisors, find your local BHF shop and for any comments, compliments and complaints you may have
• sign up to our Heart Matters magazine for online information packed with health and lifestyle advice.

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Page last updated: September 2022

Next update due: September 2025

Arteriosclerosis Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What is Arteriosclerosis?

Arteriosclerosis (also known as cardiovascular arteriosclerosis) is a heart condition that occurs when arteries grow thick and stiff and restrict blood flow to organs and tissues in the body. This gradual process, also known as hardening of the arteries, weakens arteries and can develop in various organs, most commonly the heart. Arteries circulate blood throughout the body, but when plaque – fat, cholesterol and other cellular waste – build up on artery walls, arteriosclerosis can develop. 

Arteriosclerosis can develop into atherosclerosis, which can cause heart disease, strokes, circulation problems in the arms and legs, aneurysms that can cause life-threatening internal bleeding and chronic kidney disease.

Types of Arteriosclerosis

There are several types of arteriosclerosis. These types can lead to the development of various subtypes of the disorder if not properly treated. 

The three main types of arteriosclerosis include:

Atherosclerosis: In this type, the large arteries are hardened and narrowed.

Moenckeberg medial calcific sclerosis: The hardening of small to medium-sized arteries. 

Arteriolosclerosis: The calcification of small arteries.

Symptoms

Even as artery walls gradually thicken and stiffen, there usually are no arteriosclerosis symptoms. Even as the condition worsens into atherosclerosis, mild cases may still show no symptoms. That’s why regular checkups are important. As arteriosclerosis progresses, clogged arteries can trigger a heart attack or stroke, with the following symptoms:

• Chest pain or pressure (angina)
• Sudden arm or leg weakness or numbness
• Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
• Brief loss of vision in one eye
• Drooping facial muscles
• Pain when walking
• High blood pressure
• Kidney failure

If you experience any of these heart attack or stroke symptoms, see your physician right away.

Causes

A number of factors can contribute to arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis causes include:

• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• High triglycerides
• Insulin resistance or diabetes
• Obesity
• Smoking or use of other tobacco products
• Inflammation from other diseases

Risk Factors

Risk factors that could contribute to arteriosclerosis include:

• Family history: People with a family history of heart disease or arteriosclerosis are at higher risk for the condition.
• Age
• Cardiovascular diseases
• History of smoking

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis is critical for managing arteriosclerosis. To diagnose the condition, we ask questions about your medical history and do a physical exam. During the physical exam, your physician can use a stethoscope to listen to your arteries for an abnormal whooshing sound called a bruit (broo-E). A bruit may indicate poor blood flow due to plaque buildup.

Diagnosis Procedures

Baptist Health uses advanced diagnostic procedures and technology to effectively diagnose, inform treatment and carefully monitor the condition. Common diagnostic procedures for arteriosclerosis include:

Ankle brachial index test: During this test, blood pressure cuffs are placed on the arms and ankles. A handheld ultrasound device or Doppler is used to listen to the blood flow and measure the blood pressure. This helps doctors understand if there is decreased blood flow to the lower legs and feet.

Blood test: Blood tests check the levels of certain fats, cholesterol, sugar and protein in the blood that could indicate heart conditions.

CT scan: X-rays and computers are used to create images of the aorta, heart and blood vessels. This provides a more detailed picture than an ultrasound. 

Electrocardiogram (EKG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can help determine if parts of the heart are enlarged, overworked or damaged. The heart’s electrical currents are detected by 12 to 15 electrodes that are attached to the arms, legs and chest via sticky tape.

Stress testing: This test is conducted during exercise. If a person can’t exercise, medicine is given to increase heart rate. Used along with an EKG, the test can show changes to the heart’s rate, rhythm or electrical activity as well as blood pressure. Exercise makes the heart work hard and beat fast while heart tests are administered, which can help determine an arteriosclerosis diagnosis.

Ultrasound: An ultrasound device can measure blood pressure on various points of the arm or leg, which will help the physician determine if you have any blockages and how quickly blood flows through the arteries.

Prevention

While some causes and risk factors like age and heredity cannot be controlled, there are ways you can help to prevent arteriosclerosis:

• Practice good heart health: Eat a healthy diet, exercise and avoid smoking.
• Take your medications as prescribed: If you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes, be certain to take your prescribed medications as directed.

Treatment

Treatment for arteriosclerosis includes a healthy diet, exercise and medication to control or possibly reverse your condition. If enlarged blood vessels have been diagnosed, our goal is to develop an individualized treatment plan so blood clots do not form. 

Medication

Medications to treat arteriosclerosis are prescribed based on the location of your enlarged blood vessels and other underlying conditions you may have. Arteriosclerosis treatment medications include: 

• Cholesterol medications can protect your heart arteries. 
• Aspirin can prevent platelets from forming blood clots. 
• Beta blocker medications can reduce your blood pressure and heart rate and diminish chest pains, the risk of heart attack and irregular heart rhythm. 
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can lower blood pressure and lower the possibility of heart attack.
• Calcium channel blockers and diuretics (water pills) can reduce blood pressure. 
• A clot-busting drug may dissolve blood clots. Your physician may also prescribe other medications, based on your needs. 

It is imperative that you monitor your blood pressure and take medications daily as prescribed to lower the possibility of complications. 

Prognosis

The arteriosclerosis prognosis is good when the condition is treated early with healthy life-style changes, medicines or medical procedures.

Complications

If arteriosclerosis is not diagnosed and treated, it could develop into atherosclerosis and cause serious health problems. Complications of arteriosclerosis include: 

• Coronary Arteriosclerosis (Coronary artery disease): Narrowed arteries near the heart may lead to chest pain, heart attack or heart failure.
• Peripheral artery disease: Narrowed arteries in the arms or legs may cause circulation problems that make it difficult to feel heat and cold, and cause gangrene that can lead to limb amputation.
• Carotid artery disease: Narrowed arteries near the brain may cause transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke.
• Aneurysms: A bulge in the wall of an artery, if it bursts, can cause a slow leak or life-threatening internal bleeding.
• Chronic kidney disease: Narrow arteries near the kidneys can prevent effective kidney function. 

Baptist Health is known for advanced, superior care for patients with heart disease and the diagnosis, management and treatment of arteriosclerosis. In addition, we are accredited by the American Heart Association as a Mission: Lifeline STEMI Receiving facility, which means we are recognized for providing the highest level of treatment for heart attack patients.

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treatment, symptoms, causes, prevention · Diseases of the arteries · Vascular Center. T. Toppera

Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of the arteries (vessels that deliver blood from the heart to organs and tissues), in which large amounts of cholesterol are deposited in the vascular wall, forming thickenings called atherosclerotic plaques.

Vascular atherosclerosis

How does atherosclerotic plaque interfere with normal blood flow.

Vessels susceptible to atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis affects large main arteries – the aorta and its branches. Among the sections of the aorta, the abdominal aorta is most susceptible to atherosclerosis. Clinically significant atherosclerosis of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta is much less common.

From the peripheral arteries and directly the branches of the aorta, it is necessary to distinguish:0020

When several arterial basins are affected, they speak of generalized (common) atherosclerosis. Most often, atherosclerosis affects the coronary, brachiocephalic basins, as well as the vessels supplying the lower extremities.

Why atherosclerosis is dangerous

Atherosclerotic or, as they are also called, cholesterol plaques gradually narrow the lumen of the arteries and make them less elastic. This creates an obstacle to the normal flow of blood and leads to insufficient blood supply to the feeding organ.

The narrowing of the lumen of the vessel by an atherosclerotic plaque is called stenosis, and the complete blockage of the lumen is called occlusion. Symptoms of the disease begin to appear at a certain degree of stenosis of the artery, in which case we can talk about stenosing atherosclerosis of the vessels. So, for example, if the arteries of the heart narrow, then the blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) decreases. This can cause chest pain and shortness of breath, which can eventually lead to a heart attack. Particles of atherosclerotic plaque can detach from the walls of arteries and be carried with blood to narrower vessels, completely blocking their lumen.

In addition, the danger of atherosclerosis lies in the fact that particles of atherosclerotic plaque can detach from the walls of arteries and be carried with blood to narrower vessels, blocking their lumen. In the area of ​​atherosclerotic plaques, blood clots can form, partially or completely blocking the lumen of the artery. In such cases, there is an acute violation of the blood supply to the feeding organ, which can lead to dangerous, often life-threatening complications. The described mechanisms are often the cause of stroke, myocardial infarction, thrombosis and obliterating atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower extremities.

Clinical picture or symptoms of atherosclerosis

Symptoms of atherosclerosis depend on the organ that nourishes the vessels affected by atherosclerotic plaques. So, with the defeat of the coronary arteries, the heart muscle (myocardium) suffers, coronary heart disease (CHD) develops. There are signs of angina pectoris – pain behind the sternum and shortness of breath during exertion or at rest.

Of the vessels that feed the brain, atherosclerosis most often affects the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. In this case, patients may be disturbed by dizziness, impaired memory and vision, episodes of loss of sensation or movements in the face and limbs, and speech disorders. With the prolonged existence of an atherosclerotic plaque in the lumen of the carotid artery, ulceration may occur on its surface, as well as blood clots, which can be carried away with the blood flow to the vessels of the brain, causing clinical manifestations such as paresis / paralysis, sudden loss of sensation in the limbs or in the face, as well as temporary blindness.

If the vessels of the legs are affected, symptoms of intermittent claudication appear – pain in the calf (less often – in the gluteal and femoral) muscles that occur when walking. With the progression of obliterating atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower extremities, trophic ulcers and gangrene of the extremity eventually occur. With atherosclerosis of the iliac arteries, there may also be a violation of potency (erectile dysfunction).

Causes of atherosclerosis

Causes of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. It is believed that the initial stages of atherosclerosis occur already at a young age, but usually it reaches its clinical significance in people of the older age group (over 50 years). Allocate risk factors for atherosclerosis, the impact on which can significantly slow down its progression, reduce the severity of its manifestations and prevent the occurrence of complications.

Risk factors for atherosclerosis

• High blood pressure,
• High blood cholesterol – low-density lipoprotein (LDL),
• Diet high in animal fats,
• Smoking,
• Obesity,
• Confounded heredity,
• Diabetes mellitus.

Cholesterol and atherosclerosis

It is important to regularly monitor the blood test for the so-called “bad” cholesterol, which is deposited in the wall of the arteries and causes the appearance and growth of atherosclerotic plaques. With an increased value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, it is necessary to consult a general practitioner, cardiologist or vascular surgeon. In the absence of contraindications, the use of statins is recommended – medications that reduce the level of “bad” cholesterol in the blood.

Prevention of vascular atherosclerosis

The best treatment for atherosclerosis is its prevention. It is necessary in order to prevent the onset of the first signs and symptoms of the disease, which will help to overcome atherosclerosis already in the initial stages. Prevention is primarily in the diet: do not abuse fatty foods, as well as the obligatory cessation of smoking. In the case of hypertension (hypertension), it is necessary to maintain normal blood pressure values ​​with its control, as well as taking medications, after consulting with a therapist or cardiologist. In the presence of diabetes mellitus, it is shown to maintain a normal level of glucose in the blood by taking hypoglycemic drugs prescribed by an endocrinologist, daily monitoring of blood glucose levels, and regular monitoring by an endocrinologist.

Which doctor treats vascular atherosclerosis?

If atherosclerosis is suspected, an examination by a specialist doctor is necessary: ​​

• Angio-neurologist – in case of atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels;
• Cardiologist – for atherosclerosis of the heart vessels;
• Vascular surgeon – for signs of diseases of the arteries of the arms or legs, neck, chest and abdomen.

You need to see a specialist (vascular surgeon) if you have one or more risk factors for atherosclerosis, as well as complaints typical of arterial disease. It is especially important to seek qualified help at the initial manifestations of the disease, when it is possible to prevent the development of severe complications of atherosclerosis.

Before prescribing instrumental diagnostic methods, the doctor must evaluate the patient’s complaints. Gather information about past illnesses and past treatments. An objective examination provides detailed information about the severity and extent of the disease.

In some cases, the diagnosis of atherosclerosis can be ruled out during the initial examination. If atherosclerosis of vessels of one or another localization is detected, the doctor may prescribe an additional examination.

Laboratory and instrumental studies that can be used to diagnose atherosclerosis:

• ultrasound duplex scanning of blood vessels,
• radiopaque angiography,
• computed tomography,
• magnetic resonance imaging,
• ECG,
• treadmill test,
• lipidogram, etc.

How to treat vascular atherosclerosis: drug treatment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis can be treated conservatively and surgically. Conservative treatment of atherosclerosis is used for non-expressed and non-stenotic forms of atherosclerosis. It includes the fight against risk factors for atherosclerosis, as well as taking medications from among statins (Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, etc.) and antiplatelet agents (acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, etc.), which prevent further growth of atherosclerotic plaques and the formation of blood clots on them. surfaces. Medications are prescribed for permanent or long-term use.

Is vascular atherosclerosis reversible?

At the moment, there are no drugs that can get rid of atherosclerosis and cleanse the vessels from atherosclerotic plaques.

Atherosclerosis is an irreversible disease and cannot be completely cured. With advanced forms of atherosclerosis, surgical treatment is often used. Modern surgical methods allow you to perform the operation effectively, in a low-traumatic way and without serious consequences for the body, restore the lumen of a vessel affected by atherosclerosis and resume sufficient blood flow to the organ.

Atherosclerosis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis

Article contents

1. Vascular atherosclerosis: what it is, symptoms, diagnostic methods, how to treat
2. What happens in aortic atherosclerosis
3. Prognosis for damaged vessels
4. Symptoms of atherosclerosis
5. Causes of atherosclerosis and factors provoking vascular disease
6. Risk to vessels if unassisted
7. Disease diagnosis
8. Which doctor treats atherosclerosis
9. Treatment of atherosclerosis: effective methods
10. Factors affecting positive aortic status
11. Atherosclerosis of the arteries: a diet recommended by a doctor, its price
12. Indications for treating the disease
13. Contraindications for atherosclerosis
14. Treatment of atherosclerosis: what is the price

Vascular atherosclerosis: what is it, symptoms, diagnostic methods, how to treat

Atherosclerosis is a fairly serious chronic disease in which the walls of blood vessels suffer. Cholesterol plaques, fats in the form of plaque are deposited on them. Because of this, the walls of blood vessels become denser and lose their elasticity. The lumen of the artery narrows, blood flow is difficult. This leads to the development of a number of other diseases. We will analyze what symptoms appear, what factors affect the condition of the vessels and how to cure atherosclerosis.

Most often, such a disease is affected in adulthood. Due to malnutrition, excess weight and other factors, the disease can appear as early as 30 years old. The most terrible is atherosclerosis on the walls of the aorta.

What happens in aortic atherosclerosis

Due to damage to the largest vessel in the body, the heart and other organs suffer. A large amount of blood passes through the aorta. If the walls are narrowed, the permeability decreases, which increases the pressure. There are negative symptoms in the form of pain, high blood pressure. It becomes difficult to swallow food, the voice changes.

Muscle tone suffers, a person begins to lose weight due to illness. The general state of health is critically deteriorating, new diseases appear, acquiring a chronic form. With atherosclerosis, jokes are bad, you should immediately consult a doctor and do an examination. The specialist will help solve the problem and prescribe a course that can stop the development of atherosclerosis.

Prognosis for damaged vessels

Unfortunately, with atherosclerosis of the aorta and other vessels, the prognosis of doctors is disappointing. At first, the disease may not manifest itself at all, or the symptoms do not bother the patient too much. But in the future, health will worsen. Diseases of the cardiovascular system develop, other organs suffer.

It is important to identify the disease in time and begin effective treatment. The prognosis for atherosclerosis is determined in the course of clinical trials. The doctor diagnoses and determines the risk, prescribes treatment, excludes factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis

More and more people suffer from atherosclerosis of the vessels, and this is due to a negligent attitude towards their own health. When symptoms appear, patients do not rush to the clinic for help. They do not exclude risk factors, and they do not always pay attention to the signs. Indeed, the disease manifests itself gradually, blockages do not immediately form on the vessels, which can cause thrombosis and lead to death. But when that happens, it will be too late. Therefore, it is important to identify the signs indicating the presence of the disease in time.

What is the risk of developing atherosclerosis

It is not always easy to notice changes in your body, so it is recommended to go to the doctor regularly and take tests. Diagnostics will allow you to see plaques and other fatty accumulations in the vessels in a timely manner. The risk of developing atherosclerosis is quite high in every person, regardless of gender.

The older the patient, the higher the likelihood of vascular problems. This is a dangerous phenomenon that affects the state of health in general. Patients over the age of 50 are most often affected. It is during this period that the disease manifests itself most actively. Every second man has problems with blood vessels, and 40% of women complain about this diagnosis. At the age of 35, patients begin to notice the first symptoms.

The most dangerous thing in this situation is to ignore the causes and not pay attention to the changes. Even if there are not so many symptoms now, in the future they will make themselves felt all together. If you suspect vascular disease, you should immediately contact a specialist.

It is worth noting that the level of risk of getting atherosclerosis is high even in newborns. No need to think that problems will come after 35 years, they are easy to identify earlier. Experienced doctors will help in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Main symptoms and signs of aortic atherosclerosis

The heart in the human body can be called a motor, and the vessels – wires. When a short circuit occurs in the wires, the motor immediately starts to work worse. Yes, other systems fail. With atherosclerosis and damage to blood vessels, just a “short circuit” occurs. The body continues to function normally, but some systems are no longer working quite correctly. Therefore, it is important to understand the cause and identify the main symptoms. They are the “bells”, saying that there are problems. The symptoms of atherosclerosis are:

• there is pain behind the breastbone;
• shortness of breath appears;
• frequent headaches;
• tinnitus;
• performance is significantly reduced;
• there is a syndrome of increased fatigue, which can lead to stress, depression;
• general malaise;
• increased blood pressure;
• memory indicators are decreasing;
• painful sensations appear in the legs;
• legs swell, numbness occurs;
• regular pain in the back, which can radiate to the legs;
• if the patient is not treated, there is a risk of developing senile dementia, severe memory disorders;
• in the later stages, the lack of help leads to a loss of orientation in time and space.

The signs of atherosclerosis are well defined, but even so, people rarely go to the doctor for help. It will be almost impossible to restore the vessels in the future, so you should immediately respond to problems.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis of the aorta are:

• burning or pressing pain in the region of the heart;
• pain in the back, arms;
• severe numbness of the legs;
• blood pressure rises to critical levels;
• there are quite serious problems with the voice, hoarseness;
• difficulty swallowing food begins;
• develops coronary heart disease;
• disorders and pathologies of the aorta occur;
• fainting occurs regularly;
• with atherosclerosis of the aorta, there are problems with the gastrointestinal tract, constipation, bloating;
• body weight decreases, sometimes to critical levels;
• muscle tone is lost.

Atherosclerosis of the aorta is dangerous, you need to seek help from a specialist. Proper therapy will get rid of vascular atherosclerosis and restore the normal state of the aorta. Know that it is not difficult to treat vascular atherosclerosis if you start this process in a timely manner and choose the right methods of struggle.

Causes of atherosclerosis and factors provoking vascular disease

Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, both vessels and aorta, are known to many people. But at the same time, they do not exclude them from their lives. Agree, it is difficult to refuse delicious fatty foods. But the risks of getting atherosclerosis immediately increase significantly. The main causes of atherosclerosis are:

• malnutrition, especially if the diet is dominated by fatty foods that affect the walls of blood vessels;
• overweight;
• the presence of diabetes increases the risk of developing the disease;
• Smoking is an important cause of arterial damage, which is why most patients are men;
• large doses of alcohol significantly increase the risk;
• heredity is not the most pleasant risk factor, since it cannot be influenced; it remains only to monitor their health in order to prevent this risk factor from affecting future generations.

These are the most common factors that contribute to vascular changes in a negative direction. The causes of aortic pathology are as follows:

• sedentary lifestyle;
• bad habits;
• high blood pressure;
• development of coronary disease;
• impaired glucose response;
• obesity;
• regular stress;
• pathologies and disorders of the aorta;
• cardiac pathologies;
• gout.

They affect the body, in particular the structure of the vessel and aorta, bad habits and other factors that can easily be abandoned. It is enough to give your health a little time and recover. You can independently reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and remove most of the causes.

Vascular risk in the absence of care

The main problem of arterial pathology is the danger from the consequences that await each patient. Left untreated, severe damage to the blood vessels can result. The main consequences in the absence of treatment of atherosclerosis are as follows:

• plaque can completely occlude a vessel and cause death;
• if there is even a little space left in the vessels for blood to flow, it will still lead to severe pain during physical exertion;
• swelling and numbness of the legs can be so severe that the patient simply stops walking, as a result, the limbs begin to atrophy;
• plaque rupture in arteries promotes thrombus formation;
• high risk of stroke;
• no less high risk of myocardial infarction, especially if there is damage to the aorta;
• with atherosclerosis of the vessels, the brain may suffer, which will cause irreversible damage;
• The presence of atherosclerosis leads to disorders of the peripheral arteries. They are responsible for proper blood circulation. There is a strong damage to the vessels of the legs, the wounds heal for a very long time.

It is important to recognize the pathology in time and start fighting for your health. After all, the lack of treatment leads to irreversible consequences and even death. In the fight against atherosclerosis, the specialists of our medical center will help. We will recognize the signs of atherosclerosis, with the help of diagnostics we will determine the main risk factor and help in the fight against vascular pathology.

Disease diagnosis

Diagnosis of atherosclerosis is very important, it helps to identify aortic atherosclerosis, helps to determine the initial stage of atherosclerosis and choose the best methods for eliminating the pathology. The doctor carefully monitors the patient, helps to cope with the problem and can reduce risk factors for developing aortic pathologies.

With the development of atherosclerosis, it is important to contact a specialist in time. If at least a few signs appear, or if you know that you are at risk, you need to go through the diagnostic steps. An experienced doctor will diagnose in our clinic, using methods such as:

• complete blood count for cholesterol;
• angiography;
• radiography;
• ultrasonography of the aorta;
• coronary angiography;
• aortography;
• Ultrasound of the vessel of the kidney;
• ECG;
• computed tomography can be prescribed to diagnose the body in detail and accurately determine vascular atherosclerosis;
• stress testing.

Modern possibilities of medicine make it possible to accurately diagnose, to determine the factor that can be the main provocateur of atherosclerosis. Contact our clinic, the doctor will recognize the pathology and help eliminate vascular atherosclerosis.

Which doctor treats atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a serious disease, most people are at risk. Every second person on the planet is prone to atherosclerosis, but not everyone knows which doctor deals with the elimination of problems with blood vessels. After all, the presence of such a diagnosis implies heart problems, disruption of the aorta, and even the legs suffer. Let’s see which doctor treats atherosclerosis.

If you notice a change in the body, there are a number of factors that contribute to the appearance of such an ailment as atherosclerosis, you should consult a therapist. He will be able to identify the first signs, conduct a basic examination and refer to another doctor if necessary. Diagnosis is carried out by an angiologist, this particular doctor specializes in this disease. Also, work is carried out in collaboration with a neurologist. This specialist helps in the fight against atherosclerosis.

In our clinic, professional doctors with extensive experience help eliminate atherosclerosis of the arteries and damage to the aorta. We treat complex forms of vascular pathology, specialists reduce the risk of aggravating the state of health. Choose your doctor and make an appointment.

Treatment of atherosclerosis: effective methods

Atherosclerosis of the aorta or vascular damage is determined quite simply. It is easy to recognize them by using various examination methods in diagnosis. Next, you need to start fighting the disease. The doctor will help to treat atherosclerosis in many ways, but the actions of the patient are of great importance. The specialist treats professionally, but you need to deal with pathologies on your own. If you are at risk, you should promote health. Let’s see how atherosclerosis can be cured and what are the methods of dealing with it.

Atherosclerosis treatment

It is necessary to be treated under the supervision of an experienced specialist. In the fight against the disease, it is important not to lose because of annoying mistakes. Treatment of vascular atherosclerosis implies such a complex:

1. Treatment of atherosclerosis at the initial stage requires a conservative approach. Regardless of whether the aorta is damaged or there are damage to the vessels of the legs, medications are prescribed.
2. Treatment of advanced atherosclerosis involves surgery. When diagnosing atherosclerosis, the condition of the aorta and other vascular connections will be clear. The doctor cuts the artery and cleans or removes part of it.
3. With conservative treatment, drugs that lower blood pressure are prescribed. After all, this is one of the factors that contributes to the deterioration of the general condition.
4. The doctor also prescribes statins, fibrates, bile acid sequesters. It is important to lower the values ​​of cholesterol plaques.

The risk of developing this pathology is very high, it is important to systematically approach the issues of eliminating vascular atherosclerosis.

Traditional methods of treatment: how to save blood vessels, what the doctor says

When there is a risk of developing atherosclerosis, patients begin to look for methods that help reduce risk factors. Instead of taking care of your health, identifying problems at the initial stages with the help of doctors, the search for non-standard methods of struggle begins.

These include traditional medicine. With its help, meshes on the legs are treated, and the activity of the circulatory organs is improved. However, often there is no change. Initially, the wrong approach and struggle is used, many suffer from atherosclerosis, but people do not know how to apply the recommendations of herbalists.

Indeed, there are enough indications for the use of herbal medicine; atherosclerosis can be partially eliminated by this method. But there must be a complex struggle, many suffer from atherosclerosis, but herbs alone will not help. The disease is characterized by serious consequences, the patient’s task is to generally strengthen his health. Phytotherapy (herbal decoctions, infusions) will help in this. This method helps to cleanse the blood, strengthen the immune system. But herbal medicine products can only be used under the supervision of a specialist, and if the signs do not indicate a critical situation.

Factors affecting positive aortic health

The causes of atherosclerosis can be called malnutrition and lifestyle. Added to these factors are bad habits. There are a number of recommendations that contribute to improving health during the development of the disease:

• atherosclerosis of the aorta will help to get rid of alcohol and smoking;
• with atherosclerosis of any type, you need to give up fatty foods;
• among the causes of the development of the disease is overweight. It should be eliminated;
• with a damaged aorta, physical activity is prohibited. But you should do moderate exercise, swimming, train your legs;
• during the manifestation of stress, health deteriorates. It is necessary to strengthen the nerves;
• artery can suffer from chronic pathologies. It is necessary to check the body for their presence and eliminate;
• Maintain fluid balance during treatment.

These recommendations are specific to each person. But with atherosclerosis, they are especially important.

Atherosclerosis of the arteries: a diet recommended by a doctor, its price

The sooner the disease is diagnosed, the better. You should check your health, check blood vessels, maybe you need help right now. It is worth starting with a diet, it helps to eliminate the disease. With atherosclerosis of the vessels, it is recommended to establish nutrition.

1. If you have atherosclerosis, you should give up fatty meat, liver, egg yolks, butter.
2. With atherosclerosis, contraindications to the use of fat, milk more than 1% fat content, sour cream.
3. Typical meat products recommended for illness are lean chicken, turkey, rabbit, lean beef.
4. The initial stage of the diet allows you to use any kind of fish, but with the development of the disease, you should abandon the fatty species.
5. Causes of atherosclerosis – pollution – products of plant origin help cleanse the body. These are potatoes, beans, lentils, cereals, fruits, peas.
6. In case of atherosclerosis of blood vessels, it is necessary to give up alcohol, the use of sweets, coffee, strong tea.

This diet is great. In the event of an illness, immediately take up food, or better, immediately follow the rules of nutrition. The prices for the recommended foods for the diet are low.

Under what indications to treat the disease

Typical indications for the elimination of the disease are as follows:

• the patient goes in for sports, but feels unwell;
• regular headaches;
• high pressure;
• weakness and apathy with characteristic signs of depression.

This is an excuse to visit a doctor. Atherosclerosis is dangerous for the arteries; a large number of negative factors contribute to its development. The patient will not determine the disease on his own, you need to go to a specialist.

Contraindications for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is dangerous because it has a number of contraindications. It is not always easy to eliminate the manifestations of the disease. Due to the possibility of conservative and operational impact, the probability of getting rid of the disease is high. But still there are contraindications for atherosclerosis:

• presence of acute forms of diseases;
• drug allergy;
• circulatory failure;
• active myocarditis.

If there are conditions that prevent the elimination of the disease, alternative methods are selected.

Treatment of atherosclerosis: what is the price

We are proud of our clinic because we provide quality services for patients. We employ highly qualified specialists, using modern equipment. Call us and find out how atherosclerosis is treated, what are the prices. Consultants will answer all questions.

Clinic JSC “Medicina”: treatment of atheroslerosis

In our clinic, it is easy to eliminate atherosclerosis. Our advantages are:

• Modern certified equipment.
• Polite staff. You will be taken to the doctor, they will tell you everything in detail and show you, you will not have to stand in line.
• Experienced professionals. Doctors have a great experience, exchange experience with foreign colleagues from medical centers. You are in good hands.
• We work on holidays and weekends. Call us at a convenient time for you and make an appointment.
• Own ambulance. In critical situations, we will immediately respond, and the car will go to you at the specified address.
• Convenient location. The center is located in Moscow, near the Mayakovskaya metro station.