What causes constipation. How can lifestyle changes alleviate constipation symptoms. Which laxatives are most effective for treating constipation. When should you seek medical advice for chronic constipation.

The Fundamentals of Constipation: Definition and Common Causes

Constipation is a common digestive issue characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both. It can be caused by various factors, including diet, lifestyle, medications, and underlying health conditions. Understanding the root causes of constipation is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Key Factors Contributing to Constipation

• Insufficient fiber intake
• Dehydration
• Lack of physical activity
• Certain medications
• Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
• Medical conditions affecting the digestive system

Is there a specific definition for constipation? While there’s no universal definition, healthcare professionals typically consider fewer than three bowel movements per week as a sign of constipation. However, individual patterns can vary, and it’s essential to pay attention to changes in your regular bowel habits.

Lifestyle Modifications: The First Line of Defense Against Constipation

Before resorting to medication, many healthcare providers recommend making dietary and lifestyle changes to alleviate constipation. These modifications can often provide significant relief and help prevent future episodes.

Dietary Adjustments for Improved Bowel Health

How much fiber should you consume daily to combat constipation? Experts recommend a daily fiber intake of 18-30 grams. Increasing your consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help you reach this target. Adding bulking agents like wheat bran to your diet can also soften stools and make them easier to pass.

The Importance of Hydration

Proper hydration plays a crucial role in preventing constipation. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps keep stools soft and easier to pass. While individual needs vary, aim for at least 8 glasses of water daily, and increase your intake during hot weather or physical activity.

Exercise and Its Impact on Digestive Health

Regular physical activity can significantly improve bowel function. Incorporating daily walks, runs, or other forms of exercise into your routine can help stimulate bowel movements and reduce the risk of constipation.

Establishing a Bathroom Routine

Developing a consistent bathroom schedule can help regulate bowel movements. Try to set aside time each day for bathroom visits, and respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement. Some people find that using a footstool to elevate their knees above their hips while on the toilet can make passing stools easier.

Understanding Laxatives: Types, Uses, and Considerations

When lifestyle changes alone aren’t sufficient to relieve constipation, laxatives may be recommended. There are several types of laxatives, each working differently to alleviate constipation symptoms.

Bulk-Forming Laxatives: The First-Line Treatment

Bulk-forming laxatives, such as ispaghula husk, methylcellulose, and sterculia, are often the first type of laxative recommended by pharmacists. These work by increasing the water content of stools, making them softer and easier to pass. It’s crucial to drink plenty of fluids when taking bulk-forming laxatives to prevent dehydration and potential intestinal blockage.

Osmotic Laxatives: Increasing Fluid in the Bowels

If bulk-forming laxatives prove ineffective, osmotic laxatives like lactulose and macrogols may be prescribed. These laxatives work by drawing more fluid into the bowels, softening stools and stimulating bowel movements. As with bulk-forming laxatives, adequate fluid intake is essential when using osmotic laxatives.

Stimulant Laxatives: Promoting Bowel Muscle Contractions

For cases where stools are soft but still difficult to pass, stimulant laxatives such as senna, bisacodyl, and sodium picosulphate may be recommended. These laxatives work by stimulating the muscles lining the digestive tract, helping to move stools through the intestines more quickly.

How quickly do different types of laxatives work? Bulk-forming and osmotic laxatives typically take 2-3 days to show effects, while stimulant laxatives can work within 6-12 hours. It’s important to follow dosage instructions carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if symptoms persist.

Faecal Impaction: A Serious Complication of Chronic Constipation

Faecal impaction is a condition where hard, dry stools accumulate in the rectum, making it difficult or impossible to pass bowel movements. This can lead to severe discomfort and potentially serious health complications if left untreated.

Recognizing the Signs of Faecal Impaction

• Severe abdominal pain
• Inability to pass stools
• Rectal pain or pressure
• Leakage of liquid stool (overflow diarrhea)
• Abdominal bloating
• Nausea or vomiting

Can faecal impaction resolve on its own? In most cases, faecal impaction requires medical intervention. Treatment typically involves high doses of laxatives or manual removal of the impacted stool by a healthcare professional. If you suspect faecal impaction, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications.

Long-Term Management of Chronic Constipation

For individuals with chronic constipation or constipation caused by underlying medical conditions, long-term management strategies may be necessary. This often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and ongoing medication use under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Gradual Reduction of Laxative Use

If you’ve been taking laxatives for an extended period, your healthcare provider may recommend gradually reducing your dosage rather than stopping abruptly. This process can take several months and may involve reducing the dosage of each laxative one at a time if you’re using a combination of products.

Addressing Underlying Causes

Identifying and treating any underlying medical conditions contributing to chronic constipation is crucial for long-term management. This may involve adjusting medications, treating hormonal imbalances, or managing conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism.

When to Seek Medical Advice for Constipation

While occasional constipation is common and often resolves with lifestyle changes, there are situations where medical attention is warranted. Understanding when to consult a healthcare provider can help prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Red Flags That Warrant Medical Evaluation

1. Persistent constipation lasting more than three weeks
2. Severe abdominal pain or cramping
3. Blood in the stool
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Alternating constipation and diarrhea
6. Constipation accompanied by fever
7. Constipation that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter treatments

Should you be concerned about sudden changes in bowel habits? Any significant change in bowel habits, especially if it persists for more than a few days, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. This is particularly important for adults over 50, as sudden changes can sometimes indicate more serious underlying conditions.

Preventing Constipation: Proactive Measures for Digestive Health

While treating constipation is important, prevention is always preferable. Incorporating healthy habits into your daily routine can significantly reduce your risk of experiencing constipation and promote overall digestive health.

Dietary Strategies for Constipation Prevention

• Gradually increase fiber intake to avoid gas and bloating
• Include a variety of high-fiber foods in your diet
• Consider fiber supplements if dietary changes aren’t sufficient
• Limit consumption of foods known to cause constipation, such as processed foods and dairy products

Lifestyle Habits That Promote Regular Bowel Movements

How can you incorporate constipation-preventing habits into your daily routine? Start by setting aside time each day for physical activity, even if it’s just a brisk walk. Establish a regular bathroom routine, ideally at the same time each day. Practice stress-reduction techniques, as stress can impact digestive function. Finally, avoid holding in bowel movements when you feel the urge to go.

The Role of Probiotics in Digestive Health

Can probiotics help prevent constipation? Some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains may help alleviate constipation symptoms and promote regular bowel movements. While more research is needed, incorporating probiotic-rich foods or supplements into your diet may be beneficial for overall digestive health.

Special Considerations: Constipation in Specific Populations

Certain groups may be more susceptible to constipation or require special considerations in its management. Understanding these unique needs can help tailor prevention and treatment strategies effectively.

Constipation During Pregnancy

Pregnant women often experience constipation due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus putting pressure on the intestines. Safe management strategies include increasing fiber and fluid intake, gentle exercise, and, if necessary, pregnancy-safe laxatives under medical supervision.

Pediatric Constipation

Constipation in children requires careful management to prevent long-term complications. Treatment often involves a combination of dietary changes, behavior modification, and sometimes medication. It’s crucial to consult a pediatrician for persistent constipation in children.

Constipation in the Elderly

Older adults are more prone to constipation due to reduced mobility, medication side effects, and chronic health conditions. Management strategies should consider these factors and may include tailored dietary advice, increased fluid intake, and appropriate physical activity.

How does the approach to treating constipation differ across age groups? While the basic principles of constipation management remain similar, the specific interventions and considerations vary. For example, children may benefit from behavioral strategies like toilet training, while elderly individuals might require medication adjustments or assistance with mobility to improve bowel function.

Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Constipation Relief

In addition to conventional treatments, some individuals find relief from constipation through complementary and alternative therapies. While scientific evidence for these approaches varies, some may offer benefits as part of a comprehensive constipation management plan.

Herbal Remedies and Natural Laxatives

• Senna: A natural stimulant laxative
• Psyllium: A bulk-forming fiber supplement
• Aloe vera: May have laxative properties when taken orally
• Cascara sagrada: A traditional herbal laxative

Are natural laxatives safer than pharmaceutical options? While natural remedies can be effective for some individuals, they’re not necessarily safer or free from side effects. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before using any herbal remedies, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Acupuncture and Acupressure

Some studies suggest that acupuncture and acupressure may help alleviate constipation symptoms by stimulating digestive function. While more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness, these techniques may be worth exploring as complementary approaches to traditional treatments.

Biofeedback Therapy

Biofeedback therapy can be particularly helpful for individuals with pelvic floor dysfunction contributing to constipation. This technique involves learning to relax and coordinate the muscles involved in having a bowel movement, potentially improving symptoms of chronic constipation.

By understanding the various causes, treatments, and prevention strategies for constipation, individuals can take proactive steps to maintain digestive health and improve their quality of life. Remember that while occasional constipation is common, persistent symptoms warrant medical evaluation to rule out underlying conditions and ensure appropriate management.

Constipation – Illnesses & conditions

Treatment for constipation depends on the cause, how long you’ve had it and how severe your symptoms are.

In many cases, it’s possible to relieve the symptoms by making dietary and lifestyle changes.

The various treatments for constipation are outlined below. 

Lifestyle advice

Changes to diet and lifestyle are often recommended as the first treatment for constipation. In many cases, this will improve the condition without the need for medication.

Some self-help methods of treating constipation are listed below:

• Increase your daily intake of fibre. You should eat at least 18-30g of fibre a day. High-fibre foods include plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables and cereals.
• Add some bulking agents, such as wheat bran, to your diet. This will help to make your stools softer and easier to pass.
• Avoid dehydration by drinking plenty of water.
• Exercise more regularly – for example, by going for a daily walk or run.
• If constipation is causing pain or discomfort, you may want to take a painkiller, such as paracetamol. Always follow the dosage instructions carefully. Children under 16 shouldn’t take aspirin.
• Keep to a routine (a place and time of day) when you’re able to spend time on the toilet. Respond to your bowel’s natural pattern: when you feel the urge, don’t delay.
• Try resting your feet on a low stool while going to the toilet, so that your knees are above your hips; this can make passing stools easier. 
• If medication you’re taking could be causing constipation, your GP may be able to prescribe an alternative.

Read about preventing constipation for more ways to change your diet and lifestyle.

Your pharmacist may recommend an oral laxative if diet and lifestyle changes don’t help.

Laxatives

Laxatives are a type of medicine that help you pass stools. There are several different types of laxative and each one has a different effect on your digestive system.

Bulk-forming laxatives

Your pharmacist will usually start you on a bulk-forming laxative. These work by helping your stools to retain fluid. This means they’re less likely to dry out, which can lead to faecal impaction. Bulk-forming laxatives also make your stools softer, which means they should be easier to pass.

Commonly prescribed bulk-forming laxatives include ispaghula husk, methylcellulose and sterculia. When taking this type of laxative, you must drink plenty of fluids, and don’t take them before going to bed. It will usually be 2 to 3 days before you feel the effects of a bulk-forming laxative.

Osmotic laxatives

If your stools remain hard after you’ve taken a bulk-forming laxative, your pharmacist may prescribe an osmotic laxative instead. Osmotic laxatives increase the amount of fluid in your bowels. This softens your stools and stimulates your body to pass them.

Commonly prescribed osmotic laxatives include lactulose and macrogols. As with bulk-forming laxatives, make sure you drink enough fluids. It will usually be 2 to 3 days before you feel the effect of the laxative.

Stimulant laxatives

If your stools are soft, but you still have difficulty passing them, your pharmacist may recommend a stimulant laxative. This type of laxative stimulates the muscles that line your digestive tract, helping them to move stools and waste products along your large intestine to your anus.

The most commonly prescribed stimulant laxatives are senna, bisacodyl and sodium picosulphate. These laxatives are usually only used on a short-term basis, and they start to work within 6 to 12 hours.

According to your individual preference and how quickly you need relief, your pharmacist may decide to combine different laxatives.

How long will I need to take laxatives for?

If you’ve had constipation for a short time, your pharmacist will usually advise you to stop taking the laxative once your stools are soft and easily passed.

However, if your constipation is caused by an underlying medical condition or a medicine you’re taking, your GP may advise you to take laxatives for much longer, possibly many months or even years.

If you’ve been taking laxatives for some time, you may have to gradually reduce your dose, rather than coming off them straight away. If you have been prescribed a combination of laxatives, you’ll normally have to reduce the dosage of each laxative, one at a time, before you can stop taking them. This can take several months.

Your GP will advise you about when it’s best to stop taking long-term laxatives. 

Treating faecal impaction

Faecal impaction occurs when stools become hard and dry and collect in your rectum. This obstructs the rectum, making it more difficult for stools to pass along.

Sometimes as a result of impaction, overflow diarrhoea may occur (where loose stools leak around the obstruction). You may have difficulty controlling this.

If you have faecal impaction, you’ll initially be treated with a high dose of the osmotic laxative macrogol. After a few days of using macrogol, you may also have to start taking a stimulant laxative.

If you don’t respond to these laxatives, and/or if you have overflow diarrhoea, you may need one of the medications described below.

• Suppository – this type of medicine is inserted into your anus. The suppository gradually dissolves at body temperature and is then absorbed into your bloodstream. Bisacodyl is an example of a medication that can be given in suppository form.
• Mini enema – where a medicine in fluid form is injected through your anus and into your large bowel. Docusate and sodium citrate can be given in this way.

Pregnancy or breastfeeding

If you’re pregnant, there are ways for you to safely treat constipation without harming you or your baby. Your pharmacist will first advise you to change your diet by increasing fibre and fluid intake. You’ll also be advised to do gentle exercise.

If dietary and lifestyle changes don’t work, you may be prescribed a laxative to help you pass stools more regularly.

Lots of laxatives are safe for pregnant women to use because most aren’t absorbed by the digestive system. This means that your baby won’t feel the effects of the laxative.

Laxatives that are safe to use during pregnancy include the osmotic laxatives lactulose and macrogols. If these don’t work, your pharmacist may recommend taking a small dose of bisacodyl or senna (stimulant laxatives).

However, senna may not be suitable if you’re in your third trimester of pregnancy, because it’s partially absorbed by your digestive system.

Read more about constipation and other common pregnancy problems.

Babies who haven’t been weaned

If your baby is constipated but hasn’t started to eat solid foods, the first way to treat them is to give them extra water between their normal feeds. If you’re using formula milk, make the formula as directed by the manufacturer and don’t dilute the mixture.

You may want to try gently moving your baby’s legs in a bicycling motion or carefully massaging their tummy to help stimulate their bowels.

Babies who are eating solids

If your baby is eating solid foods, give them plenty of water or diluted fruit juice. Try to encourage them to eat fruit, which can be puréed or chopped, depending on their ability to chew. The best fruits for babies to eat to treat constipation are:

• apples
• apricots
• grapes
• peaches
• pears
• plums
• prunes
• raspberries
• strawberries

Never force your baby to eat food if they don’t want to. If you do, it can turn mealtimes into a battle and your child may start to think of eating as a negative and stressful experience.

If your baby is still constipated after a change in diet, they may have to be prescribed a laxative. Bulk-forming laxatives aren’t suitable for babies, so they’ll usually be given an osmotic laxative. However, if this doesn’t work, they can be prescribed a stimulant laxative.

Children

For children, laxatives are often recommended alongside changes to diet. Osmotic laxatives are usually tried first, followed by a stimulant laxative if necessary.

As well as eating fruit, older children should have a healthy, balanced diet, which also contains vegetables and wholegrain foods, such as wholemeal bread and pasta.

Try to minimise stress or conflict associated with meal times or using the toilet. It’s important to be positive and encouraging when it comes to establishing a toilet routine. Allow your child at least 10 minutes on the toilet, to make sure they’ve passed as many stools as possible.

To encourage a positive toilet routine, try making a diary of your child’s bowel movements linked to a reward system. This can help them focus on using the toilet successfully.

Symptoms & Causes of Constipation

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• Español

What are the symptoms of constipation?

Symptoms of constipation may include

• fewer than three bowel movements a week
• stools that are hard, dry, or lumpy
• stools that are difficult or painful to pass
• a feeling that not all stool has passed

When should I see a doctor?

You should see a doctor if your symptoms do not go away with self-care or you have a family history of colon or rectal cancer.

You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms

• bleeding from your rectum
• blood in your stool
• constant pain in your abdomen
• inability to pass gas
• vomiting
• fever
• lower back pain
• losing weight without trying

You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and constant pain in your abdomen.

What causes constipation?

You may be constipated for many reasons, and constipation may have more than one cause at a time. Causes of constipation may include

• slow movement of stool through your colon
• delayed emptying of the colon from pelvic floor disorders, especially in women, and colon surgery
• functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome

Certain medicines and dietary supplements

Medicines and dietary supplements that can make constipation worse include

• antacids that contain aluminum and calcium
• anticholinergics and antispasmodics
• anticonvulsants—used to prevent seizures
• calcium channel blockers
• diuretics
• iron supplements
• medicines used to treat Parkinson’s disease
• narcotic pain medicines
• some medicines used to treat depression

Life changes or daily routine changes

Constipation can happen when your life or daily routine changes. For example, your bowel movements can change

• if you become pregnant
• as you get older
• when you travel
• when you ignore the urge to have a bowel movement
• if you change your medicines
• if you change how much and what you eat

Certain health and nutrition problems

Certain health and nutrition problems can cause constipation

• not eating enough fiber
• not drinking enough liquids, or dehydration
• not getting enough physical activity
• celiac disease
• disorders that affect your brain and spine, such as Parkinson’s disease
• spinal cord or brain injuries
• conditions that affect your metabolism, such as diabetes
• conditions that affect your hormones, such as hypothyroidism
• inflammation linked to diverticular disease or proctitis
• intestinal obstructions, including anorectal blockage and tumors
• anatomic problems of your digestive tract

Last Reviewed May 2018

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This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
(NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.

Constipation – symptoms, causes, signs, diagnosis and treatment in “SM-Clinic”

This disease is treated by Gastroenterologist
, Proctologist

• What is constipation?
• Symptoms of constipation
• Causes of constipation
• Diagnosis of constipation in “SM-Clinic”
• Treatment of constipation in the “SM-Clinic”
• Prevention of constipation
• Doctors

Constipation is a short-term or permanent violation of bowel movements, in which it is impossible to completely empty the bowels. Situational constipation, triggered by stress or side effects of drugs, is not a pathology. The criterion for the disease is the absence of stool within 48-72 hours. In this case, the patient may complain of a strong urge to defecate, abdominal pain and general malaise. Strong straining does not lead to relief or is accompanied by the release of hard round stools without complete emptying of the intestine. Possible complications of constipation include anal fissure, intoxication of the body and the formation of hemorrhoids.

Constipation is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Many doctors call constipation a symptom, however, in the international classification of diseases, this condition is designated as an independent pathology (code K59.0). In most cases, constipation affects the elderly. Treatment of constipation should primarily focus on improving nutrition. If necessary, medical therapy is applied.

Symptoms of constipation

Symptoms of constipation depend on the cause of this condition. The absence of a chair can be observed for three days in a row or occur intermittently. The accumulation of stool in the large intestine is accompanied by increased absorption of fluid, hardening of the stool and the penetration of toxins into the bloodstream. Hard stool damages the intestinal mucosa, and harmful substances adversely affect the patient’s well-being.

Other symptoms and signs:

• Feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
• Passing stools in the form of hard black or dark brown balls;
• Paroxysmal pain in the abdomen;
• Strong irresolvable urge to defecate;
• Requires constant straining to empty the bowels;
• Passing a lot of mucus along with hard stools;
• Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels;
• Bloating
• Lack of appetite;
• Constant belching;
• Weakness and fatigue;
• Sleep disturbance.

Delayed stool adversely affects the intestinal microflora, so patients complain of increased gas formation. A sign of damage to the intestinal mucosa by hard stools may be the release of blood with feces.

Causes of constipation

The activity of the gastrointestinal tract directly depends on the lifestyle of a person. For the formation of normal stools and bowel movements, the intestines need a sufficient amount of fiber. This substance is found in many fruits and vegetables. A monotonous diet can be accompanied by chronic constipation and the formation of hard stools. Other risk factors for constipation include physical inactivity, chronic stress, sleep disturbance, and insufficient water intake. In some cases, constipation occurs even with a healthy lifestyle against the background of a pathological condition.

Other causes:

• Irritable bowel syndrome. This disease is characterized by dysfunction of the intestine. The patient may complain of intermittent constipation followed by diarrhea;
• Intestinal obstruction with the growth of tumors, the penetration of foreign bodies into the organ, parasitic infection, adhesions or other pathological conditions;
• Disturbance of intestinal motility. The movement of feces in the intestines is provided by wave-like contractions of the muscle tissues of the organ. Violation of the rhythm of the intestinal muscles can lead to constipation;
• Diseases of the nervous system. Intestinal functions depend on nervous regulation, therefore, pathologies of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves can cause defecation disorders;
• Unfavorable mental state, accompanied by anxiety and severe stress.

The effectiveness of the treatment of constipation depends on the successful identification of the cause of this condition.

Get advice

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

You can find out more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist by phone:

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Diagnosis of constipation in “SM-Clinic”

With a constant violation of bowel movements, it is necessary to make an appointment with a proctologist. The doctor of our clinic conducts a consultation, during which he asks the patient in detail about complaints and studies the anamnesis. It is important for the doctor to determine how often the patient has stool retention. In addition, the proctologist needs to exclude the presence of intestinal obstruction, which requires urgent treatment. Severe bloating and the absence of gases indicate bowel obstruction. Additional examinations can clarify the diagnosis and identify the cause of constipation.

Applied diagnostic methods in “SM-Clinic”:

• Irrigoscopy is a method of X-ray examination of the colon. The doctor injects a contrast solution into the patient’s intestines using an enema. Then an x-ray examination is performed, during which the specialist sees a change in the shape of the intestine and the extensibility of its walls in real time. Getting several pictures in different positions allows the doctor to clarify the cause of constipation and exclude the presence of intestinal obstruction;
• Endoscopic examination of the large intestine (colonoscopy). The doctor inserts a flexible tube equipped with a camera and a light source into the patient’s rectum. During the study, the specialist studies the features of the contents of the intestine and the state of the mucous membrane of the organ, looking at the monitor. During the procedure, if necessary, a painless sampling of cells of the mucous membrane of the organ is performed for histological examination of the material in the laboratory. To eliminate discomfort, colonoscopy is performed under anesthesia;
• anorectal manometry. The proctologist appoints this study to assess the tone of the muscles of the intestine and the strength of the contraction of the sphincters of the rectum. A flexible tube is inserted into the intestine, after which the specialist fills the balloon at the end of the tube with air. The results of the study make it possible to detect the pathology of the muscles of the organ;
• Study of the defecation process using magnetic resonance imaging (defecography). This is the most highly informative method for diagnosing chronic constipation, allowing the doctor to evaluate the work of the pelvic floor muscles and the defecation process in general. Obtaining a three-dimensional image of the pelvic organs is carried out using a special apparatus. The doctor asks the patient to remove all metal jewelry and lie down on the tomography table. Before the study, a contrast agent is injected into the intestine using an enema. After removing the contrast from the intestine, a second scan is performed with functional tests, such as straining or relaxing the pelvic muscles;
• Blood test. In the treatment room, the nurse takes a small amount of blood from the patient’s vein and sends the material to the laboratory. Based on the results of a blood test, thyroid dysfunction and other causes of constipation are excluded. Own laboratory “SM-Clinic” allows you to conduct this study quickly and get reliable results.

The proctologist himself determines what examinations are necessary for the patient. In most cases, the diagnosis of constipation is limited to a few procedures.

Treatment of constipation in the SM-Clinic

According to the results of the diagnosis, the doctors of our clinic select a treatment plan for constipation. The prescribed therapy eliminates the cause of the pathology and normalizes the activity of the intestine. The gastroenterologist necessarily prescribes a special diet for the patient to restore intestinal motility and form a stool of the correct consistency. If a mechanical obstruction or other dangerous pathology is detected, emergency treatment is carried out.

Methods of constipation treatment in “SM-Clinic”:

• Prescription of drugs containing dietary fiber. The gastroenterologist prescribes the patient metamucil or another agent that normalizes the formation of stool and facilitates defecation;
• The use of drugs that improve intestinal motility. The doctor prescribes a short course of bisacodyl or another agent to the patient;
• The use of osmotic laxatives that eliminate excessive absorption of water by the walls of the intestine. It is lactulose, magnesium hydroxide or magnesium citrate;
• Use of stool softeners. The doctor prescribes docusate sodium or another drug that reduces the absorption of water in the large intestine to the patient;
• Use of enemas and anal suppositories. The proctologist explains how to properly perform bowel lavage at home. The doctor also prescribes suppositories based on glycerin or bisacodyl to facilitate bowel movements.

Our proctologists treat chronic constipation in a patient without long-term use of laxatives that negatively affect bowel function. The main task is to improve nutrition and eliminate negative factors from the daily life of the patient. The doctor controls all stages of treatment and achieves optimal results.

Prevention of constipation

A healthy lifestyle will help a person avoid developing constipation or other bowel problems.

Basic prevention methods:

• Eating enough foods containing dietary fiber and fats;
• Consumption of at least 2 liters of fluid per day;
• moderate physical activity;
• Eliminate stressors.

Our clinic’s gastroenterologists provide consultations to explain disease prevention methods.

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7 causes and how to deal with it

Content ways to treat it

• 1.1.1 Causes of constipation:
• 1.1.2 Ways to deal with constipation:
• 1.1.3 Conclusion

Find out 7 causes of constipation and how to deal with them. The article will discuss various methods of treatment and prevention of constipation. Get advice on diet, exercise, and medication to restore normal digestion.

Constipation is a bowel disorder that manifests itself in difficulty in emptying the bowels. This is a very common phenomenon that can occur for a variety of reasons. Constipation affects the quality of life and can cause significant discomfort.

In order to avoid this undesirable phenomenon, it is necessary to understand what causes constipation and how to deal with it. Below are 7 of the most common causes of constipation and tips for managing them.

Warning: If you have persistent symptoms of constipation, you should seek medical attention.

Causes of constipation and methods of its treatment

Causes of constipation:

• Wrong diet. Lack of fiber and fluid in the diet can lead to a slowdown in bowel function.
• Sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity.
• Stress and nervous tension. The nervous system directly affects the functioning of the intestines.
• Taking certain medications, such as antidepressants and antiallergics.
• Violation of the intestinal microflora. The beneficial bacteria in the gut help digest food and absorb nutrients.
• Certain gastrointestinal disorders such as colitis, peptic ulcer, etc.
• Excess iron in the body.

Ways to deal with constipation:

1. Regularly eat foods rich in fiber. Vegetables, fruits, leafy greens, legumes, and grains are great sources of fiber.
2. Remember to drink enough water and reduce your intake of alcohol and coffee.
3. Maintain an active lifestyle. Regular exercise in any form will help stabilize bowel function.
4. Avoid stressful situations and learn to relax.
5. Consider side effects of medications, especially antidepressants.
6. Take probiotics and prebiotics to support your gut microflora.
7. If you experience chronic constipation, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination to identify possible gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusion

Proper nutrition, an active lifestyle and stress reduction will help in the fight against constipation. It is also worth considering the possible side effects of medications. In chronic constipation, you should consult a doctor to identify possible diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Lack of physical activity

A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of constipation. When we move little, we slow down the mode of our body. Usually in this case, we have an oxygen deficiency, which slows down digestion. This leads to a decrease in movability in the intestines and causes constipation.

What to do?

• Move more. Simple exercises like daily walks can help a lot. Do not forget to exercise every day to activate the body and speed up the metabolism.
• Drink water. To improve intestinal motility, it is necessary to drink enough fluids, if necessary, the doctor may prescribe mild laxatives to treat constipation.
• Eat more fruits and vegetables. Foods rich in fiber and fiber help strengthen the intestines, improve digestion, and increase stool bulk.

Improper diet

One of the main causes of constipation is malnutrition. A diet rich in fatty, overcooked, salty and simply junk food does not allow dietary fiber to move freely through the intestines.

What you need to know:

• Fiber-rich vegetables and fruits help speed up digestion and then eliminate solid waste from the body.
• Foods high in fat can slow down the movement of food through the intestines and lead to a long retention in the body.
• Inadequate fluid intake can also lead to constipation. Make sure you drink enough water throughout the day.

In general, proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent constipation.

Healthy foods Unhealthy foods

some medicines. Some medicines affect bowel function by slowing down peristalsis, which can lead to constipation.

Antidepressants are a group of medicines that can cause constipation. They affect the nervous system, which can slow down the bowels.

Drugs – such as morphine, codeine and oxycodone may cause constipation. They affect the nervous system, which can slow down the bowels.

Antacids are medicines used to treat heartburn and other stomach disorders. They can cause constipation as they slow down bowel movements.

Iron is an essential part of our body, but too much iron in the body can cause constipation. Iron preparations can exacerbate this effect.

antiallergics such as diphenhydramine may cause constipation. They affect the nervous system, which slows down the bowels.

Diuretics are another group of medicines that can cause constipation. They can reduce the amount of fluid in the intestines, which tests its work.

Before taking any medication, including over-the-counter products, you should consult your doctor about possible side effects and their effect on stool.

Stress and nervous tension as a cause of constipation

Stress and nervous tension can cause constipation because they affect the physiological processes in the body. For example, under stress, there may be a decrease in intestinal activity, which leads to a slowdown in the transit of food masses. This, in turn, can cause constipation.

How to deal with stress and nervous tension?

• Regular exercise can help manage stress by improving mood and increasing endorphins.
• The practice of meditation helps to reduce stress and nervous tension, promoting relaxation and improving mental state.
• Visiting a psychotherapist can also be an effective way to deal with stress and nervous tension, as it allows you to study the causes of these conditions and learn how to effectively overcome them.

It is important to remember that severe stress and nervous tension can cause not only constipation, but also many other diseases. Therefore, it is important to monitor your mental state and avoid overwork.

Disturbance of water balance in constipation

One of the most common causes of constipation is a violation of the water balance of the body. This reduces the amount of fluid consumed, which leads to dry feces and difficulty passing through the intestines.

Another reason is excessive consumption of salts and proteins, which leads to dehydration and makes defecation difficult.

How to deal with this? Increase your water intake to 2-2.5 liters per day, prefer fresh fruits and vegetables rich in fiber, and reduce your salt and protein intake. It is also important to avoid excessive consumption of coffee, alcohol, and carbonated drinks, which can contribute to dehydration.

• Drink more liquid
• Prefer fresh fruits and vegetables
• Reduce salt and protein intake
• Avoid coffee, alcohol and carbonated drinks

Intestinal and gastrointestinal diseases

Intestinal infections

Intestinal infections 9 0345 are diseases caused by bacteria or viruses that enter the body through food or water. The main symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. For prevention, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of hands and vegetables, fruits.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum are diseases associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, feeling of heaviness after eating. It is necessary to follow a diet, exclude spicy, fatty, acidic foods.

Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, fever. Recommended treatment prescribed by a doctor, diet, active lifestyle.

Common diseases of the intestines and gastrointestinal tract Name of the disease Main symptoms Prevention and treatment

A balanced diet, infection prevention, an active lifestyle are important components of intestinal and gastrointestinal health.

Hormonal changes and their role in causing constipation

What are hormonal changes?

Hormonal changes are stress for the body, which affects the functioning of all systems and organs, including the digestive system. During menstruation, pregnancy or menopause, the level of hormones in a woman’s body changes. Also, hormonal changes can be caused by medications and other factors.

How do hormonal changes affect digestion?

Hormones affect the contractility of the intestines, which can lead to a slowdown in the processes of peristalsis, and eventually to constipation. Hormones can also affect fluid levels in the intestines, which also contributes to constipation.

How to deal with constipation caused by hormonal changes?

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a healthy diet rich in fiber and fluid.
• Eat small meals and often throughout the day to stimulate intestinal motility.
• Try to avoid stressful situations and relax.
• Do not overuse medications that can cause constipation unnecessarily.

How to avoid constipation?

1. Drink enough water

Lack of fluid is one of the main causes of constipation. In order for food waste to move easily through the intestines, you need to drink enough water. It is recommended to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day.

2. Increase your fiber intake

Fiber facilitates the movement of food waste through the intestines, which helps to avoid constipation. To get enough fiber, include fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads and bran in your diet.

3. Exercise

Exercise is another way to prevent constipation. Regular exercise, such as running, walking or yoga, improves blood circulation and strengthens the action of the intestines.

4. Avoid foods that cause constipation

There are certain foods that cause constipation, such as white bread, bananas, mashed potatoes and white rice porridge. Avoid foods that make you suffer from constipation.

5. Eat Probiotics

Probiotics help promote gut health, improve digestion, and expedite waste elimination from the body. Try adding yogurt, kefir, raw vegetables, and fermented foods to your diet.

6. Don’t put off going to the toilet

Postponing going to the toilet can lead to retention of feces in the intestines and, as a result, constipation. Make sure you follow your normal daily routine and be sure to go to the bathroom when you need to.

7. Reduce stress

Stress can contribute to constipation. Try to avoid stressful situations and take steps to reduce your stress levels, such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.

What if you already have constipation?

Once you notice that you have constipation, you need to take steps to reduce its symptoms. Avoid foods that can contribute to constipation, such as junk food, white bread, alcohol, and fatty foods.

A good solution is to take natural laxatives to help soften the stool and make it easier to pass. One such natural laxative is drinking water laced with lemon, which acts as a gentle bowel stimulant.

Finally, moderate physical activity can also increase intestinal motility. Various exercises and physical activity help not only to cope with constipation, but also improve the functioning of the whole organism.

• Avoid constipating foods.
• Eat regularly and in small portions.
• Drink enough water.
• Use natural laxatives such as lemon water.
• Engage in moderate physical activity.

To get rid of constipation, you need to take measures that include menu, food intake, natural laxatives and physical activity. Do not forget that in case of continuing problems, you should consult a doctor.

Healthy foods for constipation

1. Vegetables and fruits

Vegetables and fruits are a source of fiber, which helps speed up intestinal motility and improve digestion. Green vegetables like spinach and broccoli are especially helpful, as are berries like blackberries and strawberries.

2. Liquids

For good digestion and gentle bowel movements, it is advisable to drink plenty of fluids. Water is one of the best options, and natural juices, teas, and herbal drinks are also helpful.

3. Nuts and seeds

Nuts and seeds are rich in soluble and insoluble fibers, which help to eliminate intestinal waste and increase stool volume. It is best to use pine nuts, almonds and flaxseed.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids improve gut health and help fight inflammation. They are found in fish like salmon and herring, as well as in some vegetable oils, such as linseed and sesame oils.

• Conclusion: For those who suffer from constipation, it is important to eat right, avoid fatty, spicy, sweet and starchy foods, and add foods rich in fibers and fluids to your diet. It is also important to control the amount of food consumed and not to forget about physical activity.

Unhealthy foods that make constipation worse

Constipation can happen for a variety of reasons, and nutrition is one of the most important aspects in dealing with this problem. Some foods contribute to normal digestion, while others can cause or exacerbate constipation.

A list of foods that can impair the digestive tract and cause constipation:

• White rice, white bread, pasta made from ordinary flour and other foods high in fast-digesting carbohydrates that inhibit the digestive tract.
• Dairy products that control the gastrointestinal tract can cause constipation and pain when consumed in excess.
• Sugar, sugary snacks, and other foods high in sugar can also slow down the digestive tract and cause constipation.
• Vegetarian diet, especially rich in vegetable proteins and dietary fiber.

To combat constipation, it is recommended to regularly eat fiber-rich foods (vegetables, fruits, cereals), natural juices, herbs, enzyme products and plenty of water.

Exercises to help fight constipation

Constipation can occur for many reasons, both nutritional and medical. But the most common cause is lack of physical activity. Regular exercise can help fight constipation and restore normal bowel movement.

List of exercises that you can include in your daily physical activity program:

• Walking: The simplest and most accessible form of activity that can help in overcoming intestinal problems. Regular walking in the fresh air can be very effective in combating constipation. It is best to walk at least 30 minutes every day.
• Yoga: By practicing yoga, you can increase the flexibility of the body, as well as improve the condition of the digestive system. Some postures such as Badha Konasana (Butterfly) and Pawan Muktasana (Wind Pose) can have a calming effect on the intestines.
• Twisting: Twisting exercises can help improve digestion, which should not be neglected when dealing with constipation. Twisting can also strengthen the abdominal and intestinal muscles.
• Squats: Squats can help stimulate the body and speed up the metabolism. This, in turn, may contribute to more efficient food processing and normal bowel function.

Although exercise can help fight constipation, it’s important to remember that regular intake of water as well as fiber-rich foods is also key to maintaining gut health and preventing constipation. Exercise can be one of the tools in dealing with constipation, but it shouldn’t be used as the only solution.

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Q&A:

What are the causes of constipation?

There can be many reasons for constipation: lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, stress, taking certain medications, bowel diseases and others. It is important to consult a doctor to identify and eliminate the cause.

What foods help relieve constipation?

For constipation, it is recommended to increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, rye bread, cereals, green vegetables and other foods rich in fiber. It is also important to drink enough fluids and pay attention to the diet.

Can constipation lead to other diseases?

Yes, with prolonged constipation, various complications are possible, such as hemorrhoids, intestinal fissures and ulcers, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease and others. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner and not ignore the problem.

Can physical activity help with constipation?

Yes, regular exercise, especially ab exercises and abdominal stretching exercises, can quickly improve bowel movements and relieve constipation.

What medicines help with constipation?

Various groups of drugs are used to treat constipation, such as laxatives, sea buckthorn oil, probiotics, drugs that improve intestinal motility and others.