What are the best fever reducers available over-the-counter. How do acetaminophen and NSAIDs compare for treating fever. What precautions should you take when using fever-reducing medications. Which fever reducer is most suitable for children.

Understanding Fever and Its Treatment

Fever is a common symptom of various illnesses, and finding the right treatment can be crucial for relief and recovery. When faced with a fever, many turn to over-the-counter (OTC) medications for quick and effective relief. This comprehensive guide explores the options available and provides essential information to help you make an informed decision about fever treatment.

Acetaminophen: A Popular Fever Reducer

Acetaminophen is widely used as both a fever reducer and pain reliever. While its exact mechanism of action isn’t fully understood, it’s believed to alter pain perception and help cool the body to reduce fever.

Forms and Brand Names

Acetaminophen is available in various forms, including:

• Tablets
• Extended-release tablets
• Chewable tablets
• Disintegrating tablets
• Capsules
• Liquid solution or suspension
• Syrup
• Rectal suppositories

Common brand names include Tylenol, Feverall, and Mapap.

Side Effects and Precautions

When used as directed, acetaminophen is generally safe. However, potential side effects may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Trouble sleeping
• Allergic reactions
• Serious skin reactions (in rare cases)

Is acetaminophen safe for everyone? While generally well-tolerated, it’s crucial to be aware of potential risks. Overdose is a significant concern, as acetaminophen is present in many OTC medications. To prevent liver damage, never exceed 4,000 mg in a 24-hour period from all sources. Avoid taking multiple products containing acetaminophen simultaneously. Alcohol consumption while taking acetaminophen can also lead to liver damage.

NSAIDs: Alternative Fever-Reducing Options

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) offer another approach to fever reduction. This category includes ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen.

Ibuprofen: A Dual-Action Fever Reducer

Ibuprofen reduces fever and provides pain relief by decreasing the production of prostaglandins, substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever.

Can ibuprofen be used for all ages? Ibuprofen is suitable for adults and children over 6 months old. Common brand names include Advil and Motrin. It’s available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid suspensions.

Aspirin: A Traditional Remedy

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, has been used for centuries to reduce fever and relieve pain. It works similarly to other NSAIDs by inhibiting prostaglandin production.

Is aspirin safe for children? Aspirin is not recommended for children or teenagers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition. Adults can use aspirin, but it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects, such as stomach irritation and increased bleeding risk.

Naproxen: Long-Lasting Relief

Naproxen is another NSAID option for fever reduction. It offers longer-lasting effects compared to ibuprofen, often providing relief for up to 12 hours.

When should naproxen be considered? Naproxen may be a good choice for those who need extended fever relief or have difficulty taking medications frequently. However, it’s generally not recommended for children under 12 years old.

Comparing Acetaminophen and NSAIDs

Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs can effectively reduce fever, but they have distinct characteristics that may make one more suitable than the other in certain situations.

Effectiveness

Are acetaminophen and NSAIDs equally effective in reducing fever? Studies have shown that both types of medications are generally comparable in their fever-reducing capabilities. However, individual responses may vary, and some people may find one more effective than the other.

Duration of Action

How long do these medications provide relief? Acetaminophen typically lasts 4-6 hours, while ibuprofen’s effects can last 6-8 hours. Naproxen offers the longest duration, often up to 12 hours.

Safety Profile

Which medication has fewer side effects? Acetaminophen is often considered safer for long-term use, as it has fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to NSAIDs. However, it carries a risk of liver damage if overused. NSAIDs may cause stomach irritation and increase the risk of bleeding, particularly with prolonged use.

Choosing the Right Fever Reducer for Children

When it comes to treating fever in children, extra caution is necessary. The choice of medication depends on various factors, including the child’s age, weight, and overall health.

Age Considerations

What fever reducers are safe for infants? For babies under 6 months, acetaminophen is the recommended option. Ibuprofen can be used for infants over 6 months old. Always consult a pediatrician before administering any medication to infants.

Dosage Accuracy

How can you ensure proper dosing for children? Use the dosing instructions provided with the medication, based on the child’s weight rather than age. For liquid medications, always use the measuring device provided to ensure accuracy.

Alternating Medications

Is it safe to alternate between acetaminophen and ibuprofen? Some doctors recommend alternating these medications for persistent fevers. However, this should only be done under medical guidance to avoid dosing errors or potential interactions.

Natural Fever-Reducing Methods

While medications can be effective, there are also natural ways to help reduce fever and promote comfort.

Hydration

Why is staying hydrated crucial during a fever? Fever can lead to increased fluid loss through sweating. Encouraging fluid intake helps prevent dehydration and may assist in lowering body temperature.

Cool Compresses

How can cool compresses help with fever? Applying a cool, damp cloth to the forehead, wrists, or back of the neck can provide comfort and help lower body temperature. Avoid using very cold water, as this can cause shivering, which may increase body temperature.

Rest and Comfortable Environment

What role does rest play in fever recovery? Adequate rest allows the body to focus energy on fighting the underlying cause of the fever. Ensure a comfortable room temperature and dress in light, breathable clothing to promote comfort and prevent overheating.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While most fevers can be managed at home, certain situations require professional medical care.

High Fever

At what temperature should you be concerned? For adults, a fever of 103째F (39.4째C) or higher warrants medical attention. For children, consult a doctor if the fever reaches 102째F (38.9째C) or higher, especially if it persists for more than a day.

Duration

How long is too long for a fever to last? If a fever persists for more than three days or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek medical advice.

Accompanying Symptoms

What symptoms alongside fever require immediate attention? Severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or severe abdominal pain should prompt immediate medical evaluation.

Fever reducers play a crucial role in managing discomfort and promoting recovery during illness. By understanding the options available and their appropriate use, you can make informed decisions about fever treatment for yourself and your family. Remember to always follow dosing instructions carefully and consult healthcare professionals when in doubt or if symptoms persist.

Best Fever Reducers: Options and Helpful Information

Best Fever Reducers: Options and Helpful Information

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Medically reviewed by Mohamed Jalloh — By University of Illinois — Updated on March 8, 2019

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Introduction

When you or your child has a fever, you want something that works quickly and works well. But with so many over-the-counter (OTC) medications available, it can be tough to know which one is best for you.

You can choose between two main types of OTC fever reducers: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs include ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen. In general, no particular one of these fever-reducing drugs is better than the others. Instead, you should compare the drug forms, side effects, and other factors to choose a fever reducer that will work well for you or your child. Here’s what you need to know to make an informed decision.

Acetaminophen is a fever reducer and a pain reliever. It’s not fully understood how this drug works. Acetaminophen doesn’t decrease swelling or inflammation. Instead, it likely changes the way your body senses pain. It also helps cool your body to bring your fever down.

Forms and brand-name versions

Acetaminophen comes in several forms. These include:

• tablets
• extended-release tablets
• chewable tablets
• disintegrating tablets
• capsules
• liquid solution or suspension
• syrup

You take any of these forms by mouth. Acetaminophen is also available as a rectal suppository.

Common brand-name drugs that contain acetaminophen include Tylenol, Feverall, and Mapap.

Find acetaminophen online.

Side effects

When taken as directed, acetaminophen is generally safe and well-tolerated. However, in some cases, it can cause side effects such as:

• nausea
• vomiting
• trouble sleeping
• allergic reaction
• serious skin reactions, including severe rash

Warnings

Overdose

Because acetaminophen is found in many over-the-counter medications, it’s easy to take too much of it. That makes overdose a concern. You should not take more than 4,000 mg of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period.

This limit includes acetaminophen from all sources, including over-the-counter and prescription forms. Other common OTC drugs that contain acetaminophen include Alka-Seltzer Plus, Dayquil, Nyquil, Excedrin, Robitussin, and Sudafed. To be safe, avoid taking more than one product that contains acetaminophen at a time.

In case of overdose, call your local poison control center or 911 right away.

Liver damage

If you take too much acetaminophen, it can also cause liver damage. In severe cases, this can lead to liver failure, the need for a liver transplant, or death. Again, only take one medication that contains acetaminophen at a time, and always carefully follow the dosage instructions on the medication package.

Alcohol

Taking acetaminophen and drinking alcohol can also cause liver damage. In general, you should not take acetaminophen if you have three or more drinks that contain alcohol every day.

Extended fever or drug reaction

Stop taking acetaminophen if your fever gets worse or lasts more than three days. Also stop using it if you develop new symptoms such as skin redness or swelling. In these cases, call your doctor right away. They could be a signs of a more serious condition.

Drug interactions

Acetaminophen can interact with other drugs. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well. Examples of drugs that can cause dangerous interactions when used with acetaminophen include:

• warfarin, a blood thinner
• isoniazid, a tuberculosis drug
• certain seizure medications such as carbamazepine and phenytoin

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include drugs such as:

• ibuprofen
• aspirin
• naproxen

NSAIDs help decrease inflammation, pain, and fever. They do this by blocking the body’s production of a substance called prostaglandin. This substance promotes inflammation and fever by causing the release of various chemical signals in your body.

Forms and brand-name versions

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen comes in several forms. These include:

• tablets
• chewable tablets
• capsules
• liquid suspension

You take ibuprofen by mouth. Common brand-name products that contain ibuprofen include Advil and Motrin.

Shop for ibuprofen on Amazon.

Aspirin

Aspirin comes in these forms:

• tablets
• delayed-release tablets
• chewable tablets
• gum

You take any of these forms by mouth. Aspirin also comes as a rectal suppository. Common brand-name products that contain aspirin include Bayer Aspirin and Ecotrin.

Purchase aspirin here.

Naproxen

Naproxen comes in these forms:

• tablets
• delayed-release tablets
• capsules
• liquid suspension

You take naproxen by mouth. A common brand-name product that contains naproxen is Aleve.

Find naproxen online.

Side effects

The most common side effect of NSAIDs is an upset stomach. To help prevent stomach upset, take ibuprofen or naproxen with food or milk. You can take aspirin with food or a full glass of water.

NSAIDs can also have more serious side effects. The more serious side effects of ibuprofen or naproxen can include:

• stomach problems such as bleeding and ulcers
• heart problems such as heart attack and stroke
• kidney problems

The more serious side effects of aspirin can include:

• stomach problems such as bleeding and ulcers
• allergic reactions, with symptoms such as:
  • breathing trouble
  • wheezing
  • swelling of face
  • hives
  • shock

Warnings

Talk with your doctor before taking an NSAID if any of these warnings pertain to you.

History of heart disease

If you have a history of heart disease, you have increased risk of heart attack or stroke when taking ibuprofen or naproxen. The risk is still higher if you take more of these medications than directed or if you take them for a long time.

History of stomach ulcers or bleeding problems

If this applies to you, you have an increased risk of ulcers or bleeding when taking ibuprofen or naproxen. The risk is still higher if you:

• take these medications for a long time
• take other medications that contain NSAIDs
• take any blood thinner drugs or steroids
• are 60 years or older

Extended fever or drug reaction

There are several instances that indicate you should not continue to treat your fever with an NSAID. Stop taking NSAIDs if:

• your fever gets worse or lasts more than three days
• you develop any new symptoms
• you have skin redness or swelling
• you have ringing in your ears or hearing loss
• you have signs of a stomach bleed

Signs of stomach bleeding include:

• faintness
• blood in your vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
• bloody or black stools
• stomach pain that does not improve

Stop taking the drug and call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. These effects could be signs of a more serious condition.

Alcohol

If you have three or more drinks that contain alcohol per day, you’re at higher risk of ulcers or bleeding when taking ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen. Taking NSAIDs and drinking alcohol can cause severe stomach problems.

Problems in children

Avoid using aspirin in children and adolescents who are younger than 12 years and are recovering from chickenpox or flu symptoms.

Call your child’s doctor right away if your child has nausea and vomiting along with certain behavior changes. These include aggressive behavior, confusion, or loss of energy. These behavior changes may be early signs of a rare condition called Reye’s syndrome. If left untreated, Reye’s syndrome can be life-threatening.

Learn more about why aspirin and children don’t mix: Reye’s syndrome »

Drug interactions

NSAIDs can interact with other medications you may be taking. For example, NSAIDs can interact with:

• warfarin, a blood thinner
• celecoxib, another NSAID
• cyclosporine, a drug that weakens your immune system
• diuretics and other medications to treat high blood pressure

Fever reducers can affect people of different ages differently. Follow these age guidelines to help determine which fever reducer is best for you or your child.

Adults (ages 18 years and older)

Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin are generally safe for reducing fever in adults.

Children (ages 4-17 years)

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally safe for reducing fever in children who are 4-17 years old.

Do not give aspirin to children unless your doctor says it’s okay.

Naproxen is safe in children ages 12 years and older. If your child is younger than 12 years of age, talk to your doctor before giving your child naproxen.

Children (ages 3 years and younger)

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are generally safe for reducing fever in young children. However, be sure to talk to your child’s doctor first if your child is younger than 2 years.

Do not give aspirin to young children unless your doctor says it’s okay.

For infants younger than 3 months, call your doctor first before giving any medication.

When choosing a fever reducer, you have a few options. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin can each help treat a fever. They each come with their own unique considerations, including what drugs they interact with, who they’re safe to treat, and their possible side effects. While there is no one best fever reducer, there may be a fever reducer that is the best option for you. Consider the information in this article carefully to make a healthy choice.

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Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

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Last medically reviewed on July 29, 2016

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Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Acetaminophen – acetaminophen tablet, coated. (2012, December)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e4cfbe12-d712-4ca6-8400-14eec2eca019
• Advil – ibuprofen sodium tablet, coated. (2015, September)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=5be198b8-396e-4b44-8819-e2e3b5d2ad0e
• Advil – ibuprofen capsule, liquid filled. (2016, June)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f01c10a-9434-91a4-2ee4-352315a6b610
• Aspirin 325 MG – aspirin tablet. (2016, February)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=28c48336-c238-0141-e054-00144ff8d46c
• Motrin IB – ibuprofen tablet, film coated. (2015, September)
  dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=5bca517f-94a5-428c-b716-80c6b0b86980
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014, August). Acetaminophen
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html
• U. S. National Library of Medicine. (2016, June). Aspirin
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2015, September). Ibuprofen
  nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Mar 8, 2019

Written By

University of Illinois-Chicago

Edited By

Juan Armstrong

Jul 29, 2016

Medically Reviewed By

Mohamed Jalloh

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Medically reviewed by Mohamed Jalloh — By University of Illinois — Updated on March 8, 2019

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Medication for fever: Options to consider

Two over-the-counter (OTC) options can help reduce a fever. They are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil), and acetaminophen (Tylenol).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a fever as any temperature at 100.4ºF (38ºC) or above.

A fever is the immune system’s response to illness. It is an attempt to kill viruses and bacteria by raising the body’s temperature a few degrees.

While it is a natural process, it can be uncomfortable and become dangerous if a person’s temperature becomes too high.

Medications for fever do not treat the underlying condition causing the fever, but they can help reduce it and other symptoms of the illness.

People who are pregnant should consult a doctor before taking OTC medication for a fever. Parents and caregivers should also consult a doctor before administering any medications to a child.

This article outlines the medications available to treat a fever at home. It also discusses when to seek medical attention.

The following table provides a general overview of the medications a person can take to treat a fever. People should always check the medication label.

Ibuprofen is a type of NSAID sold under several brand names, including Advil and Motrin. It is a form of propionic acid and can help reduce fever as well as other symptoms, such as pain.

Depending on the dose, a person can get ibuprofen OTC at stores and pharmacies or via prescription. It comes in various forms, including tablets or capsules.

A 2022 article notes that people in their third trimester of pregnancy should not take ibuprofen.

Children can take ibuprofen, but parents and caregivers should speak with a pediatrician before giving them the medication.

Side effects

Side effects can include:

• constipation
• gas
• bloating
• diarrhea
• dizziness
• feeling nervous
• ringing in the ears

It can also cause nausea and vomiting.

Learn more about ibuprofen.

Naproxen is another type of NSAID, commonly sold under the brand name Aleve. Similar to ibuprofen, it is a form of propionic acid and can treat additional symptoms other than a fever.

A person can take naproxen sodium as a tablet or capsule. Liquid forms are available for younger children, although a parent or caregiver should talk with the child’s doctor first.

People who are in their third trimester of pregnancy should not take naproxen.

Side effects

Side effects can include:

• gas
• constipation
• dizziness
• headache
• excessive thirst
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• lightheadedness
• symptoms of a cold
• ringing in the ears
• sleeping difficulties
• hearing problems
• a burning or tingling sensation in the legs and arms

Learn more about naproxen.

Aspirin is another common form of NSAID that consists of acetylated salicylates. A common brand name is Bayer. This medication comes in several different formulas, including regular strength, and different forms such as tablets.

Caregivers should not give aspirin to children or teens without first consulting a doctor. A 2022 article notes an association between taking aspirin and the development of Reye’s syndrome, which can be fatal.

People who are pregnant should speak with a doctor before taking aspirin.

Side effects

Side effects include:

• nausea
• heartburn
• vomiting
• stomach pain

Learn more about aspirin.

Acetaminophen, commonly sold under the brand name Tylenol, is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent to treat pain and fever. Companies often add acetaminophen to other medications that treat allergies, colds, flu, and other medical conditions.

Acetaminophen is available OTC or as a prescription.

For teenagers and adults, it commonly comes in the form of tablets and capsules. Younger children may be able to take it in a liquid form, but caregivers should speak with a paediatrician first.

Side effects

The United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) states that side effects are rare in adults and children if a person takes the correct dose.

However, in rare cases, a person can experience an allergic reaction.

In some cases, NSAIDs can lead to serious adverse effects, including problems affecting the liver, heart, and blood circulation.

Compared to prescription-strength medications, OTC NSAIDs typically cause fewer side effects.

Acetaminophen can lead to liver failure or other issues with the liver.

People can also experience an allergic reaction to fever-reducing medications. People should seek medical help if they experience:

• rash
• inflamed, peeling, or blistering skin
• itching
• hives
• hoarse voice
• difficulty swallowing
• difficulty breathing
• swelling of the face, tongue, throat, lips, hands, feet, eyes, lower legs, or ankles

A person should take fever-reducing medications only as a medical professional advises.

There are several formulas of NSAIDs and acetaminophen with differing doses. A person should follow the instructions on the packaging and pay attention to the maximum number of doses allowed in 24 hours.

When treating an underlying condition, a person should follow the doctor’s recommendations regarding how much to take and when to take it.

A person should also be mindful of other medications that may contain acetaminophen. Companies often mix it with other ingredients to create OTC medications for colds, flu, and other issues.

Can a person take acetaminophen and NSAIDs at the same time?

A person can take acetaminophen and ibuprofen at the same time.

Learn more about acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

A person may find that certain home remedies may help reduce their fever. Other options include:

• resting
• taking lukewarm baths
• drinking plenty of fluids
• wearing loose clothing

A fever breaks when a person’s temperature drops below 100.4ºF (38°C), but they may still feel ill due to the underlying condition. Dropping the fever can help alleviate some symptoms and help people feel better overall.

Learn more

Find out more about treating a fever:

• How to reduce a fever
• Treatment tips for breaking a fever
• What are the best home remedies for fever?
• How to bring down a fever in babies

A person should seek medical help if they are unable to lower the fever on their own or if they suspect a more serious underlying condition. They should also contact a doctor if:

• a person experiences worsening symptoms
• they have a weakened immune system
• they reach a fever of 104°F (40ºC) or higher
• they are concerned about a fever in a child or older adult

A person can take NSAIDs and acetaminophen to help treat a fever at home. These medications can also help to treat additional symptoms, such as pain.

A person should consult a doctor if their fever lasts longer than a few days, causes additional symptoms, or does not go down with medication.

Effective antipyretic drugs for adults and children

CONTRAINDICATIONS. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. A SPECIALIST’S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED. 010 Article content

• Effective at temperature
• Adults
• Children
• Summary
• References
• Ask an expert about the topic of the article

One of the most common symptoms of the disease is fever. Fever is especially common in respiratory viral infections. According to statistics, in Russia the number of ARVI and influenza patients annually reaches more than 30 million people. This means that on average an adult suffers from 2 to 4 colds during the year, a child gets sick from 6 to 9.once. In this case, it is logical to ask the question: what antipyretic drugs to use. The answer can be found in the article.

Pharmacist Anna Sumenkova will talk about antipyretic drugs that are effective at fever, as well as introduce drugs for adults and children.

Effective at fever

Antipyretics are drugs that reduce elevated body temperature during feverish conditions. The normal temperature for adults is considered to be up to 37 degrees and up to 36.9for children.

The causes of fever are varied, ranging from physical and emotional fatigue to serious illness. Therefore, before taking antipyretic drugs, it is important to consult a doctor to determine the cause of the disease. It is worth bringing down the temperature when it rises more than 38.5 degrees.

At elevated temperatures it is important:

• Stay in bed to minimize stress on the body.
• Follow a diet: it is recommended to include easily digestible foods containing vitamins in your diet: lean meats and fish, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, juices and compotes.
• Drink plenty of fluids in your diet to avoid dehydration.

Effective antipyretic drugs for adults and children are similar, but there are differences. Therefore, we will consider children’s and adult medicines separately.

Adults

Clinically recommended non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs to reduce fever associated with muscle and joint pain in adults: Ibuprofen and Paracetamol . The drugs are available in different dosage forms, but tablets or capsules should be used to relieve fever in adults.

Ibuprofen is produced in forms of the same name, as well as under such trade names as: Nurofast , Nurofen and Mig 400 . A similar situation with Paracetamol . Both drugs can be part of complexes for a wide range of actions: anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. These drugs include: Ibuklin, Nurofen Intensive and Nuralgon.

A common dosage form of antipyretics for adults is powders for oral solution. Popular representatives: Theraflu, Antigrippin and Anvimax . Their use is justified in the presence of other symptoms of a cold. For example, a runny nose. Due to the presence of three or more drugs in the composition, they have a large number of contraindications and side effects. The list of clinical recommendations for the treatment of SARS is not included.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, only Paracetamol is approved for use, but it is also not recommended for use in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the first three months of lactation.

Aspirin and its derivatives should not be used at elevated temperatures due to the high risk of side effects in the form of hemostasis disorders and exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

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For children 9 0011 Due to proven safety, to reduce body temperature in only two drugs are recommended for children:

Paracetamol and Ibuprofen . The use of antipyretics for newborn healthy children up to 3 months is justified at temperatures above 39-39.5 degrees. Up to 1 month, the use of drugs is not recommended, and if fever occurs, emergency care should be called.

Paracetamol and Ibuprofen for children are available in the form of suspensions with different flavors and suppositories – rectal suppositories. Children’s dosage forms have names similar to active substances, and are also available under trade names: Nurofen and Panadol Children’s .

Children’s formulations are generally used for children from 3 months to 12 years of age. For adolescents from 12 years of age, adult products should be used, but in a modified dosage. You can get acquainted with the required dose in the instructions for the drug.

The pharmacist adds: “In my practice, most often, antipyretic drugs are purchased for children from 3 to 10 years old. Of course, at this age it is best to use Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in liquid forms or suppositories. Not recommended for children Aspirin and Nimesulide .

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Summary

• Antipyretics are medicines that reduce elevated body temperature during feverish conditions.
• The causes of fever are varied, ranging from physical and emotional fatigue to serious illness.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as Ibuprofen and Paracetamol are used to reduce fever accompanied by muscle and joint pain in adults.
• A common dosage form of antipyretics for adults is powders for oral solution.
• Due to proven safety, only two drugs are recommended for fever reduction in children: paracetamol and ibuprofen.
• Paracetamol and Ibuprofen for children are available in the form of suspensions with different flavors and suppositories – rectal suppositories.

Sources

1. Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Union of Pediatricians of Russia. 2022.

2. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults. Non-profit partnership “National Scientific Society of Infectionists”, All-Russian public organization “Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists”. 2022. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1

3. State Register of Medicinal Products

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How to lower the temperature at home: antipyretics

Let’s talk about the main groups of antipyretic drugs: what are the pitfalls, what should not be used with certain drugs, why are they needed at all and is it possible to do without them.

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High fever is a frequent companion of illnesses. When and how should it be brought down, and is it possible to do without drugs?

Content of article

Do not self-medicate! In our articles, we collect the latest scientific data and the opinions of authoritative health experts. But remember: only a doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

An increase in temperature is a protective reaction of the body to serious external or internal stimuli, such as infections, poisoning with any toxins, inflammatory processes, and others. Normally, the temperature of the human body does not exceed 37.1 degrees Celsius, but during the period of illness it rises, and depending on how much, different types of temperature are distinguished:

• subfebrile – up to 37.9 degrees Celsius, does not require the use of antipyretics, usually accompanies sluggish inflammatory processes;
• febrile – from 38 to 38. 9 degrees Celsius, the body actively fights irritants, many microorganisms cannot withstand such a temperature, so you need to bring it down only if the patient clearly feels unwell;
• pyretic – from 39 to 41 degrees Celsius, the protective reaction is out of control, doctors recommend lowering this temperature so as not to overload the body systems;
• hyperpyretic – over 41 degrees, in this case the patient needs medical help, it is unlikely to get off with conventional means. If the child has a temperature, an ambulance should be called already at 40 degrees.

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In general, raising the temperature is rather beneficial: firstly, as we have already said, many microbes do not like it, and secondly, it has been proven that in this way the body helps the immune system work – it hunts for irritants more efficiently. But, like everywhere else, there are nuances: in this mode, the load on the heart and nervous system may increase, and children may experience convulsions. The temperature still needs to be brought down, and not only when it is too high (38.5 degrees and above), but also earlier – if there is a possibility of convulsions or if the patient’s condition requires it. There are two main ways to reduce the temperature: take an antipyretic or use folk methods (however, the methods can be combined).

The best fever reducers for high fever

Almost all fever reducers are nonsteroidal (meaning they are not hormonal) anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition to fighting fever, they also reduce inflammation and reduce pain. Such a complex action allows the patient to feel better faster, because pains of various types are frequent companions of temperature. The only active substance commonly used in medicines with a different mechanism of action is paracetamol.

However, all antipyretics act in the same way: they affect the processes taking place in the hypothalamus, as a result of which less heat begins to form in the body, and more is released, due to which it, of course, cools down, and usually quite quickly – already after half an hour after taking a tablet, syrup or suppository, the temperature drops. Antipyretics are symptomatic treatment, they are not taken in courses, unlike other drugs, such as antibiotics. The purpose of fever-lowering drugs is to give temporary relief to a sick patient. At the same time, each of them has certain side effects, so when taking them, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Let’s talk about the main means used in Russia: about their action and some features. We note in advance that it is impossible to list all contraindications, side effects, interactions within the framework of this article, before using this or that drug, you need to read the instructions, and even better, consult a doctor who can weigh the risks for you personally. In addition, a particular person may have hypersensitivity to absolutely any drug or even be allergic to it, so even “banal” antipyretics should be used with caution at least the first time.

Paracetamol

There are many drugs with this active ingredient: panadol, calpol, tylenol, cefecon P, efferalgan – the list can be continued for a very long time. Paracetamol interacts with the hypothalamus, affecting the thermoregulatory center. This is one of the safest remedies, it can be used by both children and pregnant women, it helps to lower the temperature, thanks to it the pain subsides, but it does not fight inflammation very effectively. However, paracetamol is extremely common. The key recommendation of doctors when taking it is to follow the instructions in order to prevent an overdose.

Interaction: enhances the effect of coumarins, as well as drugs that harm the liver. Works worse with barbiturates. Some drugs may speed up or slow down absorption.

Contraindications: liver and kidney diseases, alcohol dependence.

Side effects: disruption of the circulatory system, kidneys, allergies.

Ibuprofen

Another drug that seems to be in all first aid kits. Demand for it is always stable (except perhaps during the coronavirus pandemic, for some time it was believed that ibuprofen should not be used for Covid-19 infection). Preparations with its content (a few examples) – nurofen, MIG, ibusan, bumidol. Ibuprofen, unlike paracetamol, also has an anti-inflammatory function – it weakens inflammatory processes, in addition, of course, it reduces the activity of thermoregulatory centers and drowns out pain. It works for a long time – up to 8 hours.

Interaction: reduces the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), enhances the action of an anticoagulant, should not be taken together with thrombolytics, barbiturates and ethanol, works worse with antacids, anesthetizes better in combination with caffeine.

Contraindications: Do not use in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or while breastfeeding, gastrointestinal ulcers during exacerbation, asthma, kidney or liver dysfunction, certain diseases of the cardiovascular, circulatory system, skin.

Side effects: dysfunctions of ECT, liver, kidneys, allergies, reactions from the nervous system, circulatory system.

Acetylsalicylic acid

It is also the good old aspirin, as well as bufferin, mikristin, acylpyrine and others. Acetylsalicylic acid is useful not only for high temperature, inflammation and pain, but also for cardiovascular diseases. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it affects the centers of thermoregulation and pain sensitivity, reduces inflammation. This active substance primarily works as an antipyretic for adults.

Interaction: should not be used together with paracetamol, caffeine, ethanol, glucocorticoids, diuretics, diabetes drugs, works worse with antacids.

Contraindications: certain diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal ulcers, acute liver or kidney failure. Do not take children, adolescents under 15 years of age, pregnant women with rare exceptions and breastfeeding.

Side effects: allergic reactions, disorders of the liver, gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, blood disorders.

Metamizole sodium

This name is not well known, but everyone knows the drug behind it – analgin (as well as baralgin M or optalgin). Basically, all these drugs are used as painkillers and sometimes anti-inflammatory, however, they also have antipyretic properties due to increased heat transfer. In many countries, the use of metamizole sodium has been questioned due to toxicity, but there is evidence that this toxicity occurs in people with a certain genetic defect.

Interaction: becomes stronger in combination with caffeine, codeine, barbiturates, toxic with antidepressants, oral contraceptives, should not be used with radiopaque agents. When injected, it must not be mixed with other drugs.

Contraindications: pregnancy, breast-feeding, impaired hematopoiesis, impaired liver and kidney function.

Side effects: allergy, hypotension, nephritis, blood diseases.

There are also a variety of medicines that combine several active ingredients at once. In this case, relief may come earlier, but, firstly, the side effects may be cumulative, and secondly, if the temperature needs to be brought down repeatedly, it may turn out that you have to choose between exceeding the daily dose (that is, the probable overdose) and the actual high temperature.

Paracetamol and ibuprofen-based single drugs are considered the most reliable and safe antipyretics. If the regimen is followed, they have a minimum number of side effects, they can be used in the treatment of children, including infants, and these drugs have a lot of forms – syrups, suppositories, and tablets, so it is easy to choose a convenient method of use. Antipyretics are the easiest way to quickly reduce the temperature in an adult or child.

How to reduce the temperature at home without medication

If you suddenly find yourself somewhere where there is no pharmacy and you don’t have a supply of medicines with you, or you don’t want to use antipyretics for whatever reason, there are some folk methods of lowering the temperature. Perhaps they do this task more slowly than drugs specially designed for this purpose, but still they work.

• Rubbing with alcohol or vodka. Alcohol is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1, vodka is used as is: moisten a cotton pad or a small towel with liquid and wipe the forehead, armpits, back of the hands.