How common is bleeding during pregnancy. What causes vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. When is bleeding during pregnancy a concern. What are the signs of miscarriage in early pregnancy. How to distinguish between spotting and bleeding during pregnancy. What are the potential complications of bleeding during pregnancy.

Prevalence and Types of Bleeding During Pregnancy

Experiencing some degree of bleeding during pregnancy is not uncommon. According to studies cited by the American Pregnancy Association, approximately 20-30% of women encounter bleeding in early pregnancy. However, it’s crucial to understand the differences between spotting and bleeding, as well as when to seek medical attention.

Spotting vs. Bleeding: What’s the Difference?

Spotting is characterized by very light bleeding, often appearing as light brown or pink discharge similar to what you might see at the end of a menstrual period. It’s relatively common in the first trimester and generally not a cause for immediate concern.

Bleeding, on the other hand, is heavier and more akin to menstrual flow. The blood is typically bright red and more abundant than spotting. This type of bleeding warrants closer attention and may require medical evaluation.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Dr. David McKenna, a Maternal-Fetal Medicine specialist with Perinatal Partners, advises contacting your doctor if you experience any bleeding during pregnancy, particularly if you haven’t previously discussed it with your healthcare provider. This is especially important for first-time pregnant women.

What should you do if you notice bleeding? Explain the situation to your doctor, discuss your next steps, and determine if and when you should call back. It’s always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to pregnancy-related concerns.

Causes of Bleeding in Early Pregnancy

Bleeding during the first half of pregnancy can occur for various reasons, some of which are benign while others may indicate potential complications.

Common Causes of First Trimester Bleeding

• Sexual intercourse
• Pelvic examination
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Cervical irritation or inflammation

In these cases, the blood often originates from the cervix, which becomes more sensitive and prone to irritation during pregnancy. While such bleeding is usually not a cause for concern, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider.

Potential Serious Causes of First Trimester Bleeding

• Miscarriage
• Ectopic pregnancy

It’s important to note that bleeding doesn’t necessarily mean a miscarriage will occur or that you have an ectopic pregnancy. In fact, about half of pregnant women who experience bleeding do not miscarry. However, these potential causes underscore the importance of seeking medical evaluation for any bleeding during pregnancy.

Bleeding in Late Pregnancy: Causes and Concerns

As pregnancy progresses into the late second and third trimesters, the causes of bleeding can become more serious and may indicate potential complications.

Potential Causes of Late Pregnancy Bleeding

• Placenta previa
• Placental abruption
• Preterm labor
• Uterine rupture (rare)

These conditions can pose significant risks to both the mother and the baby, making it crucial to seek immediate medical attention for any bleeding in late pregnancy.

Understanding Placenta-Related Bleeding

Two significant causes of bleeding in late pregnancy are related to the placenta: placenta previa and placental abruption.

What is Placenta Previa?

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. This condition can lead to painless bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. The severity of bleeding can range from light to heavy and may occur suddenly.

What is Placental Abruption?

Placental abruption happens when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. This condition can cause severe bleeding and abdominal pain. It’s a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Blood Clots During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

While not as common as general bleeding, the passage of blood clots during pregnancy can be alarming and may indicate various conditions.

What Causes Blood Clots During Pregnancy?

• Subchorionic hematoma
• Miscarriage
• Placental issues
• Cervical polyps or infections

The size and frequency of blood clots, along with accompanying symptoms, can help determine the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Preventive Measures and Self-Care During Pregnancy

While not all causes of bleeding during pregnancy are preventable, there are steps you can take to promote a healthy pregnancy and reduce the risk of complications.

Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

• Attend all prenatal appointments
• Follow a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients
• Stay hydrated
• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and illicit drugs
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques
• Exercise regularly, as approved by your healthcare provider

Remember, self-care is crucial during pregnancy, but it’s not a substitute for professional medical advice and care.

Diagnostic Procedures for Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

When you report bleeding to your healthcare provider, they may recommend various diagnostic procedures to determine the cause and ensure the well-being of both you and your baby.

Common Diagnostic Tools

• Ultrasound examination
• Pelvic examination
• Blood tests
• Fetal heart rate monitoring

These tests can help identify the source of bleeding, assess the health of the fetus, and guide appropriate treatment decisions.

Understanding the various causes and implications of bleeding during pregnancy can help expectant mothers recognize when to seek medical attention. While some bleeding may be normal, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider to ensure the health and safety of both mother and baby. Remember, every pregnancy is unique, and what’s normal for one woman may not be for another. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare team with any concerns.

Emotional Impact of Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

Experiencing bleeding during pregnancy can be emotionally challenging for expectant mothers. The uncertainty and fear associated with potential complications can lead to increased stress and anxiety.

Coping Strategies for Emotional Well-being

• Open communication with your partner and healthcare provider
• Joining support groups for pregnant women
• Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques
• Seeking professional counseling if needed

Remember that it’s normal to feel worried, but maintaining emotional well-being is crucial for both you and your baby. Don’t hesitate to seek support when you need it.

Treatment Options for Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

The treatment for bleeding during pregnancy depends on the underlying cause, the stage of pregnancy, and the overall health of the mother and baby.

Potential Treatment Approaches

• Bed rest or limited activity
• Medication to prevent preterm labor
• Progesterone supplementation
• Cesarean delivery (in cases of placenta previa)
• Close monitoring and follow-up

Your healthcare provider will develop a personalized treatment plan based on your specific situation. It’s crucial to follow their recommendations closely to ensure the best possible outcome.

Long-term Implications of Bleeding During Pregnancy

While many cases of bleeding during pregnancy resolve without long-term consequences, some situations may have implications for future pregnancies or overall reproductive health.

Potential Long-term Considerations

• Increased risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies
• Higher likelihood of placental issues in future pregnancies
• Potential need for closer monitoring in subsequent pregnancies
• Psychological impact and anxiety in future pregnancies

Discussing these potential long-term implications with your healthcare provider can help you make informed decisions about future family planning and pregnancy management.

Advances in Managing Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

Medical research continues to advance our understanding of pregnancy-related bleeding and improve management strategies. Recent developments have led to better diagnostic tools and treatment options.

Recent Advancements in Maternal-Fetal Medicine

• Improved ultrasound technology for early detection of placental issues
• Development of more effective medications to prevent preterm labor
• Advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques
• Enhanced predictive models for assessing risk in subsequent pregnancies

These advancements contribute to better outcomes for mothers and babies, highlighting the importance of ongoing research in maternal-fetal medicine.

The Role of Prenatal Care in Managing Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

Regular prenatal care plays a crucial role in identifying and managing potential complications, including bleeding during pregnancy. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes.

Key Aspects of Comprehensive Prenatal Care

• Regular check-ups and screenings
• Education about warning signs and when to seek medical attention
• Nutritional counseling and lifestyle recommendations
• Monitoring of fetal growth and development
• Personalized risk assessment and management

Engaging actively in your prenatal care and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider are essential steps in ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

Cultural Perspectives on Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

Cultural beliefs and practices can influence how women perceive and respond to bleeding during pregnancy. Understanding these cultural perspectives is important for healthcare providers to offer culturally sensitive care.

Cultural Considerations in Pregnancy Care

• Varying beliefs about the causes of pregnancy complications
• Different traditional remedies or practices
• Cultural taboos or stigma associated with discussing pregnancy issues
• Influence of family and community on healthcare decisions

Healthcare providers should strive to provide culturally competent care that respects individual beliefs while ensuring the best medical outcomes for mother and baby.

The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

While not all causes of bleeding during pregnancy are preventable, certain lifestyle factors can influence the risk of complications.

Lifestyle Factors to Consider

• Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
• Alcohol consumption
• Drug use (including some over-the-counter medications)
• Occupational hazards or exposure to harmful chemicals
• Physical activity levels and types of exercise
• Stress management and mental health

Discussing these factors with your healthcare provider can help you make informed decisions to promote a healthy pregnancy and reduce the risk of complications.

The Role of Genetics in Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

Genetic factors can play a role in some cases of pregnancy-related bleeding. Understanding your genetic risk can help guide preventive strategies and management approaches.

Genetic Considerations in Pregnancy Complications

• Inherited blood clotting disorders
• Genetic predisposition to placental abnormalities
• Family history of pregnancy complications
• Genetic testing options for high-risk pregnancies

If you have a family history of pregnancy complications or genetic conditions, discuss this with your healthcare provider. They may recommend genetic counseling or additional screening tests.

The Importance of Postpartum Follow-up After Pregnancy-Related Bleeding

For women who experience significant bleeding during pregnancy, postpartum follow-up is crucial for ensuring complete recovery and planning for future pregnancies.

Key Aspects of Postpartum Care

• Physical examination to ensure proper healing
• Emotional support and screening for postpartum depression
• Discussion of future pregnancy planning and potential risks
• Addressing any ongoing health concerns related to the pregnancy complication
• Recommendations for long-term health maintenance

Attending all recommended postpartum check-ups and openly discussing any concerns with your healthcare provider are essential steps in ensuring your long-term health and well-being.

In conclusion, understanding the various aspects of pregnancy-related bleeding is crucial for expectant mothers and their healthcare providers. From recognizing the signs and seeking timely medical attention to understanding the potential causes and treatment options, being informed empowers women to take an active role in their prenatal care. Remember, while bleeding during pregnancy can be alarming, many cases resolve without complications. However, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and consult with your healthcare provider about any bleeding or concerns during pregnancy. By staying vigilant, maintaining open communication with your healthcare team, and following recommended prenatal care guidelines, you can help ensure the best possible outcome for both you and your baby.

Bleeding During Pregnancy | ACOG

Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus at the top of the vagina.

Cesarean Birth: Birth of a fetus from the uterus through an incision (cut) made in the woman’s abdomen.

Complications: Diseases or conditions that happen as a result of another disease or condition. An example is pneumonia that occurs as a result of the flu. A complication also can occur as a result of a condition, such as pregnancy. An example of a pregnancy complication is preterm labor.

Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy in a place other than the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes.

Egg: The female reproductive cell made in and released from the ovaries. Also called the ovum.

Fallopian Tubes: Tubes through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.

Fertilization: A multistep process that joins the egg and the sperm.

Hysterectomy: Surgery to remove the uterus.

Inflammation: Pain, swelling, redness, and irritation of tissues in the body.

Miscarriage: Loss of a pregnancy that is in the uterus.

Obstetrician–Gynecologist (Ob-Gyn): A doctor with special training and education in women’s health.

Oxygen: An element that we breathe in to sustain life.

Pap Test: A test in which cells are taken from the cervix (or vagina) to look for signs of cancer.

Pelvic Exam: A physical examination of a woman’s pelvic organs.

Placenta: An organ that provides nutrients to and takes waste away from the fetus.

Placenta Accreta: A condition in which part or all of the placenta attaches abnormally to the uterus.

Placental Abruption: A condition in which the placenta has begun to separate from the uterus before the fetus is born.

Placenta Previa: A condition in which the placenta covers the opening of the uterus.

Preterm: Less than 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Sexual Intercourse: The act of the penis of the male entering the vagina of the female. Also called “having sex” or “making love.”

Trimester: A 3-month time in pregnancy. It can be first, second, or third.

Ultrasound Exam: A test in which sound waves are used to examine inner parts of the body. During pregnancy, ultrasound can be used to check the fetus.

Uterus: A muscular organ in the female pelvis. During pregnancy, this organ holds and nourishes the fetus. Also called the womb.

I’m Pregnant! Why Am I Bleeding?

It’s easy to get the care you need.

See a Premier Physician Network provider near you.

Many moms-to-be experience bleeding while they are pregnant. In fact, the American Pregnancy Association says studies show that 20-30 percent of women experience some degree of bleeding during early pregnancy. But how do you know how much bleeding is normal and when it’s a cause for concern? It depends on how far along you are, and how severe the bleeding is.

First, know how to tell spotting from bleeding. 

Spotting is very light bleeding. It is common in the first trimester. The blood will be light brown or pink, similar to what you see at the end of a period.

Bleeding is heavier. The blood is bright red and is more like the bleeding you experience when having your period.

If you’re thinking about it, call your doctor.

When to Call the Doctor

David McKenna, MD, a Maternal-Fetal Medicine specialist with Perinatal Partners, advises calling your doctor if you see any sign of bleeding during pregnancy and have not yet talked to your doctor about it. This is especially the case for women who are pregnant for the first time. “Explain what’s happening to your doctor. Talk about your next steps and if – and when – you should call back,” he says.

Why You May Bleed During Pregnancy

First Half of Pregnancy
Spotting during this time is common, especially after sex, a pelvic exam, or a transvaginal ultrasound. In these cases, the blood might be coming from the cervix. It becomes tender during pregnancy and could be a bit inflamed or irritated. This type of bleeding can also occur prior to a miscarriage or with an ectopic pregnancy, but most often it is not a cause for concern. 

Heavier bleeding during the first trimester can also be a sign of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. This bleeding doesn’t mean a miscarriage will occur, or that you have an ectopic pregnancy. About half of pregnant women who have bleeding do not miscarry.  The most important thing you can do is to let you doctor know about any bleeding, so that you can evaluated for the cause.  

Second Half of Pregnancy
During the late second and entire third trimester, causes of bleeding can include:

• Placenta previa. This occurs when the placenta is low in the uterus and partly or completely covers the cervix. Most women notice no pain with the bleeding. Placenta previa occurs in 1 in 200 pregnancies and requires immediate attention when there is bleeding. Placenta previa often resolves on its own, especially when it is found early during pregnancy. Other times it can lead to an early delivery by Cesarean section.
• Placental abruption. This occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before or during labor. It can cause serious complications if it is not found early. It often comes with painful contractions. Placental abruptions are rare, occurring in just 1 percent of pregnant women. Risk factors for placental abruptions include maternal smoking, drug use and high blood pressure.  
• Preterm labor. Defined as labor starting prior to 37 weeks’ gestation, preterm labor might also include these signs: regular contractions, cramping, back pain and increased pelvic pressure. If you think you’re going into early labor, call your doctor right away.

Be Prepared for These Questions

If you experience bleeding during pregnancy, be ready to answer these questions when you call or visit your doctor:

• How far along are you?  
• When did you first have a positive pregnancy test?  
• Have you had an ultrasound, and if so, what did it show?
• When did the bleeding start?
• Were there any obvious causes? For example, have you recently had intercourse or a vaginal exam?
• How heavy has the bleeding been?
• Have you had any pain or other symptoms with the bleeding?

If you are asked to make an appointment, your doctor is likely to check your cervix with a speculum. You might have an ultrasound or other testing to help learn the cause of the bleeding.

Many factors can cause spotting and bleeding during pregnancy. Because of that, it’s best to talk with your doctor if you have any bleeding. The bottom line is, if you’re thinking about it, call your doctor.“That’s what we’re here for,” says Dr. McKenna.

It’s easy to get the care you need.

See a Premier Physician Network provider near you.

Source: David S. McKenna, MD; Perinatal Partners; American Pregnancy Association; The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Whattoexpect.com

Vaginal bleeding – NHS

Bleeding during pregnancy is relatively common and doesn’t always mean there’s a problem – but it can be a dangerous sign.

Urgent advice: Call your midwife or GP immediately if:

• you have any bleeding from your vagina

Important:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) update

If you’re well, it’s really important you go to all your appointments and scans for the health of you and your baby.

If you’re pregnant, hospitals and clinics are making sure it’s safe for you to go to appointments.

If you get symptoms of COVID-19, or you’re unwell with something other than COVID-19, speak to your midwife or maternity team. They will advise you what to do.

Find out more about pregnancy and COVID-19

Causes of bleeding in early pregnancy

Implantation bleeding

In early pregnancy, you might get some harmless light bleeding, called “spotting”. This is when the developing embryo plants itself in the wall of your womb. This type of bleeding often happens around the time your period would have been due.

Cervical changes

Pregnancy can cause changes to the cervix, and this may sometimes cause bleeding – after sex, for example.

Miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy

During the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, vaginal bleeding can be a sign of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.

However, if you bleed at this stage of pregnancy it is likely you will go on to have normal and successful pregnancies.

Miscarriage

If a pregnancy ends before the 24th week, it’s called a miscarriage. Around 1 in 5 pregnancies ends this way.

Many early miscarriages (before 14 weeks) happen because there is something wrong with the baby. There can also be other causes of miscarriage, such as hormone or blood clotting problems.

Most miscarriages occur during the first 12 weeks (3 months) of pregnancy and, sadly, most cannot be prevented. Other symptoms of miscarriage include:

• cramping and pain in your lower abdomen
• a discharge or fluid from your vagina
• a discharge of tissue from your vagina
• no longer experiencing the symptoms of pregnancy, such as feeling sick

If you have bleeding or any of the symptoms above, contact your midwife or GP straightaway.

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilised egg implants outside the womb – for example, in the fallopian tube.

It can cause bleeding and is dangerous because the fertilised egg can’t develop properly outside the womb. The egg has to be removed, which can be done through an operation or with medicines.

Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy tend to develop in the 6th week of pregnancy but can happen later.

Other signs of ectopic pregnancy can include:

• tummy pain low down which may be on one side
• vaginal bleeding or a brown, watery discharge
• pain in the tip of your shoulder
• discomfort when peeing or pooing

Call 111 if you have symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy.

Causes of bleeding in later pregnancy

Cervical changes

These can lead to bleeding, particularly after sex.

Vaginal infections

Your midwife or doctor can discuss tests and treatment with you.

A ‘show’

This is when the plug of mucus that has been in the cervix during pregnancy comes away, signalling that the cervix is getting ready for labour to start. It may happen a few days before contractions start or during labour itself.

Find out about the signs of labour and what happens in labour.

Placental abruption

This is a serious condition in which the placenta starts to come away from the womb wall. Placental abruption usually causes stomach pain, and this may occur even if there is no bleeding.

Low-lying placenta (placenta praevia)

This is when the placenta is attached in the lower part of the womb, near to or covering the cervix. Bleeding from a low-lying placenta can be very heavy, and put you and your baby at risk.

You may be advised to go into hospital for emergency treatment, and a caesarean section will usually be recommended. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has more information on placenta praevia.

Vasa praevia

This is a rare condition where the baby’s blood vessels run through the membranes covering the cervix.

When your waters break, these vessels may be torn and cause vaginal bleeding. The baby can lose a life-threatening amount of blood.

Finding out the cause of bleeding in pregnancy

To work out what is causing the bleeding, you may need to have a vaginal or pelvic examination, an ultrasound scan or blood tests to check your hormone levels.

Your doctor will also ask you about other symptoms, such as cramp, pain and dizziness. Sometimes it might not be possible to find out what caused the bleeding.

If your symptoms are not severe and your baby is not due for a while, you’ll be monitored and, in some cases, kept in hospital for observation.

How long you need to stay in hospital depends on the cause of the bleeding and how many weeks pregnant you are.

Being in hospital allows staff to keep an eye on you and your baby, so they can act quickly if there are further problems.

Find the answers to common health problems in pregnancy.

Video: what should I do if I start bleeding during early pregnancy?

In this video, a midwife tells you what to do if you start to bleed during early pregnancy.

Media last reviewed: 20 March 2020
Media review due: 20 March 2023

Spotting During Pregnancy | American Pregnancy Association

Spotting during pregnancy is a common concern that many pregnant women face.  Approximately 20% of women report they experience spotting during their first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Bleeding that occurs early  in pregnancy is usually lighter in flow than a menstrual period. Also, the color often varies from pink to red to brown. The majority of women who experiencing spotting during pregnancy go on to have a healthy pregnancy and baby.

Spotting During Pregnancy Versus Bleeding

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is any discharge of blood from the vagina. It can happen anytime from conception (when the egg is fertilized) to the end of pregnancy.

Light bleeding, or spotting, during pregnancy is common, especially during the first trimester. It is considered spotting when you notice a few drops of blood occasionally in your underwear, or if you wipe yourself with tissue and see a little blood on the paper. There should not be enough blood to fill a panty liner.

Bleeding is a heavier flow of blood. With bleeding, you will need a liner or pad to keep the blood from soaking your clothes. Whether you are bleeding or spotting, it is best to contact your healthcare provider and describe what you are experiencing.

What Causes Spotting During Pregnancy?

Implantation bleeding is a common cause of spotting early on in pregnancy. Implantation bleeding happens when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.  This can trigger a few days of light bleeding or spotting. This spotting occurs before a woman even knows she is pregnant and is often mistaken as a pending period. Bleeding that occurs after the day a woman expects her period is typically too late to be considered implantation bleeding, and is more likely related to early pregnancy in general.

Another common cause of spotting is a cervical polyp (a harmless growth on the cervix), which is more likely to bleed during pregnancy due to higher estrogen levels. This may occur because there is an increased number of blood vessels in the tissue around the cervix during pregnancy.  As a result, contact with this area (through sexual intercourse or a gynecological exam, for example) can cause bleeding.
Even without the presence of a cervical polyp, there are a few things that may cause some spotting in the couple days after:

• Sexual intercourse
• Gynecological exam, such as a vaginal ultrasound
• Heavy lifting/excessive exercise

When to Worry About Spotting During Pregnancy?

Spotting or bleeding during pregnancy is not expected and may be abnormal, but it is not always a cause for concern. However, it is important to contact your healthcare provider to discuss the symptoms you are experiencing. The good news is that 50% of women with bleeding during pregnancy go on to have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.

Any spotting or bleeding in the second or third trimesters should be reported to your healthcare provider immediately. In the first trimester, spotting is somewhat more common, but should also be reported to your doctor or midwife.

Call your obstetrician especially if you notice heavy bleeding similar to a menstrual period to make sure the bleeding is not a result of pregnancy complications, such as an ectopic pregnancy. Abnormal bleeding in late pregnancy may be more serious because it can signal a complication with you or your baby. Call your doctor as soon as possible if you experience any bleeding in your second or third trimester. Your healthcare provider will most likely check for cervical polyps, and make sure your cervix is closed.
To help manage your spotting during pregnancy and to increase the probability of continuing with a healthy pregnancy, your healthcare provider may encourage you to do the following:

• Bed rest or more naps
• More time off your feet
• Staying well hydrated
• Limit your physical activity
• Elevate your feet when possible
• Avoid lifting items over 10 pounds

Remember, the good news is the majority of women who experience spotting during pregnancy go on to have a healthy pregnancy. However, do not let this fact keep you from contacting your healthcare provider. It is important to discuss spotting and bleeding with your doctor.

Want to Know More?

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy, New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.

2. Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Essentials of Clinical Care. New York, NY: Thieme New York

3. Danforth’s Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ninth Ed. Scott, James et al., Ch. 17

4. Williams Obstetrics, Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary et al., Ch. 51

&nbsp

Pregnancy Bleeding: What’s Normal, What’s Not?

With your body going through so many changes during pregnancy, it’s no surprise that most women are constantly reaching for the phone to give their doctor a call. It can be difficult to know what’s serious and what’s just another symptom, so keep reading for everything you need to do about vaginal bleeding while pregnant—because it’s not all serious. 

Vaginal Bleeding in the First Trimester

During the first trimester, vaginal bleeding is actually pretty common—in fact, it occurs in about 20% of pregnancies, and most of those women go on to have perfectly healthy pregnancies. The most important thing to know is the difference between light and heavy bleeding, and when to call your doctor. 

For starters, there’s a big difference between spotting and bleeding. The term “spotting” refers to a few drops of blood—not enough to cover a pad or panty liner. You may already be familiar with spotting from your period days! Bleeding, on the other hand, means a blood flow that’s heavy enough to require wearing a pad. If actual bleeding occurs during your trimester, wear a panty liner or pad so you can get a clear idea of exactly how much you’re bleeding so you can tell your doctor. Remember that you shouldn’t use a tampon or douche while you’re pregnant. 

Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in the First Trimester

Implantation bleeding occurs when the fertilized egg implants in the lining of the uterus. This typically happens around the time of your expected period, so sometimes you don’t even know you’re pregnant yet. 

Hormone production during pregnancy can change and soften your cervix, making it more likely to bleed during pregnancy. You could also have a cervical polyp, or benign overgrowth of tissue, that can bleed easily. You could experience some spotting or light bleeding after sexual intercourse, or after a pelvic examination. A vaginal infection could cause some vaginal bleeding as well, and is usually accompanied by an abnormal vaginal discharge. 

Vaginal bleeding could also be a sign that you have an ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually within one of the fallopian tubes, where the blood supply isn’t enough to sustain a normal pregnancy. About one in every 60 pregnancies is ectopic. The most common signs are increasing abdominal pain, the absence of menstrual periods, and spotting. About half of women with an ectopic pregnancy won’t have all three signs, so if you notice any of them it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor.

If you’re experiencing heavy vaginal bleeding during your first trimester, it could be something serious. Bleeding, abdominal pain, and back pain are all common signs of a miscarriage, which occurs in 15-20% of all pregnancies, usually during the first 12 weeks of gestation. A threatened miscarriage could also cause vaginal bleeding and milk cramping—the difference is that in a threatened miscarriage, the cervix remains closed and the fetus is still viable. In many women, the bleeding stops and they go on to have healthy pregnancies. Unfortunately for some, the bleeding doesn’t stop and a miscarriage occurs. 

A molar pregnancy, or gestational trophoblastic disease, is an abnormality of fertilization that results in the growth of abnormal tissue in the uterus. This tissue mimics the typical symptoms of early pregnancy, even though there’s no fetus. In a “partial mole,” the abnormal tissue is growing alongside the fetus, which results in severe birth defects. A molar pregnancy cannot result in a normal pregnancy, or a normal delivery. A sonogram or ultrasound is needed to diagnose a molar pregnancy. 

When blood collects between the gestational sac and the wall of the uterus, a subchorionic hemorrhage occurs. Your body frequently reabsorbs clots like these, but sometimes you may experience a passage of old, dark blood or even small clots from your vagina. 

While the causes of bleeding are varied in their severity, if your vaginal bleeding is heavy you should call 911, and go to the emergency room. 

Second and Third Trimester Vaginal Bleeding

While light vaginal bleeding is fairly common during your first trimester, it’s more serious in your second and third trimesters. Like the first trimester, however, sometimes having sex or a pelvic examination can cause light bleeding. Problems with your cervix, like cervix insufficiency or infection can also lead to bleeding. 

Some more serious causes of bleeding and heavy bleeding later in pregnancy include placenta previa, preterm labor, uterine rupture, or placental abruption. 

Any time you notice bleeding at any stage of pregnancy, it’s reasonable to call your doctor—even if it’s light bleeding, it could be a sign of some serious problems to come. If you’re experiencing heavy bleeding accompanied by pain or cramping, seek immediate medical attention. 

For more of what you need to know, call the maternity experts at RMC today.

Bleeding or pain in early pregnancy

Vaginal bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy is common and does not always mean you have a problem.

However, depending on the volume of bleeding, it can be a warning sign of a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy.

One in 4 women will experience bleeding and/or pain during their first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Unfortunately half of these pregnancies may also end in miscarriage, which cannot be prevented.

Sadly, 1 in every 5 to 6 pregnancies are miscarried. There is no medication or treatment that can be given to prevent a miscarriage.

Most miscarriages are a one-off event and having a miscarriage doesn’t mean you can’t have a successful pregnancy in the future.

Terms explained

Miscarriage – a loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation (growth).

Causes of bleeding and pain in early pregnancy

There are several possible causes of bleeding and/or pain in early pregnancy.

• Implantation bleeding – this happens when the fertilised egg implants in the uterus lining, causing some cramping pain or light bleeding.
• Bleeding from the cervix – this is more common in pregnancy due to the increased blood flow.
• Miscarriage.
• Ectopic pregnancy – this is when a pregnancy takes place outside of the uterus, such as in the fallopian tube.
• Molar pregnancy – this is a rare abnormal development of the placenta.

Sometimes the cause of the bleeding or pain is unknown, but the pregnancy will continue.

At the emergency department

If you experience bleeding or pain in early pregnancy, seek immediate emergency medical advice. You may have to go to the emergency department at King Edward Memorial Hospital.

It is recommended women experiencing symptoms of a miscarriage go to the emergency department at King Edward Memorial Hospital, if this is possible.

A doctor or midwife at the emergency department will run a number of tests to check:

• how much blood you have lost
• your blood group
• your urine
• your blood pressure
• your heart rate
• your temperature.

If you have minimal blood loss and are not in severe pain, you will be assessed as a non-emergency patient and you may be referred to the Early Pregnancy Assessment Service (EPAS) clinic at King Edward Memorial Hospital.

If you previously had an ultrasound that confirmed your pregnancy is in your uterus, the bleeding you are experiencing will not be due to ectopic pregnancy.

Where to get help

• Always dial 000 in an emergency.
• See your doctor.
• Visit a GP after hours.
• Ring healthdirect Australia on 1800 022 222.
• Call the emergency department at King Edward Memorial Hospital on 9340 2222.

Remember

• Bleeding and pain in early pregnancy is common.
• Heavy bleeding or blood clots could indicate a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy.
• Such symptoms can include bleeding, spotting, cramps and stomach pain.

Acknowledgements
Women and Newborn Health Service

This publication is provided for education and information purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical care. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your healthcare professional. Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users should seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional for a diagnosis and answers to their medical questions.

Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

The following guidelines will help you determine the severity of your vaginal bleeding.

• Severe bleeding means you are soaking through your usual pads or tampons each hour for 2 or more hours. For most women, soaking through their usual pads or tampons every hour for 2 or more hours is not normal and is considered severe. If you are pregnant: You may have a gush of blood or pass a clot, but if the bleeding stops, it is not considered severe.
• Moderate bleeding means that you are soaking more than 1 pad or tampon in 3 hours.
• Mild bleeding means that you are soaking less than 1 pad or tampon in more than 3 hours.
• Minimal bleeding means “spotting” or a few drops of blood.

Vaginal bleeding can be a sign of miscarriage or preterm labor during pregnancy in the first trimester. During the first trimester of pregnancy:

• Up to 25% of pregnant women have some spotting or light vaginal bleeding. Of these women, about 50% do not have a miscarriage. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is more common among women who have been pregnant before than in women who are pregnant for the first time.
• Very early spotting sometimes occurs when the fertilized egg implants in the uterus. Implantation takes place 6 to 10 days after fertilization.

Bleeding in the second or third trimester of pregnancy may mean a problem is present, such as:

• Placenta previa. Normally, the placenta is attached to the top portion of the uterus. In placenta previa, the placenta has attached low in the uterus, and partially or completely covers or blocks the cervix.
• Placenta abruptio. Normally, the placenta is firmly attached to the uterine wall until birth. If the placenta separates from the uterus before the baby is delivered, this is called placenta abruptio or abruptio placenta or placental abruption. Placenta abruptio usually occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy, but it can occur any time after the 20th week.

Credits

Current as of:
October 8, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine
Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine
Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine
Elizabeth T. Russo MD – Internal Medicine
Kirtly Jones MD – Obstetrics and Gynecology

Current as of: October 8, 2020

Author:
Healthwise Staff

Medical Review:William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine & Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & Elizabeth T. Russo MD – Internal Medicine & Kirtly Jones MD – Obstetrics and Gynecology

Sitemap

Page not found. Perhaps the sitemap will help you.

• the main
• The university
  • About the university
  • Structure
  • Regulations and procedures
  • Healing activities
  • The international cooperation
  • Press center
    • news
    • Announcements
    • Developments
    • Announcements and congratulations
    • Online conferences
    • Photo album
      • Students of the Military Department of the Grodno State Medical University took the oath
      • Liberation Day Grodno-2021
      • Renovation and finishing works
      • Final Practice in Military Training
      • Independence Day-2021
      • Students of the military department of the State Medical University: final practice-2021
      • Graduation from the Faculty of General Medicine-2021
      • Graduation from medical-psychological and medical-diagnostic faculties-2021
      • Graduation of the Faculty of Pediatrics-2021
      • Graduation Faculty of Foreign Students-2021
      • Graduation 2021
      • Requiem meeting dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War
      • Action “Memory” dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War
      • Republican student track and field race “At the start, youth!”
      • Current issues of food hygiene
      • Solemn event for the Day of Medical Workers-2021
      • University Council
      • Visiting meeting of the Republican Council of Rectors
      • Ceremony for awarding medals and special certificates to graduates of 2021
      • Prevention of destructive manifestations in the student environment and the influence of aggressive information content on the Internet
      • Online exhibition “Remember so as not to repeat”
      • Regional interuniversity conference “The feat of the people is immortal”
      • Final of the first Republican intellectual tournament ScienceQuiz
      • Conference “Topical issues of comorbidity of diseases in outpatient practice: from prevention to treatment”
      • Family Day 2021
      • Dialogue platform with the chairman of the Grodno Regional Council of Deputies
      • Festive city events for Victory Day
      • Regional stage of the competition “Queen of Students-2021”
      • Festive concert by May 9, 2021
      • IV Republican civil-patriotic marathon “Together – for a strong and prosperous Belarus!”
      • University Cup KVN-2021
      • Musical planet of students (completion of FIU Days-2021)
      • Youth round table “We are different, but we are together”
      • FIU Days 2021.Intellectual game “What? Where? When?”
      • Donation week at GrSMU
      • Creative living room. FIU Days 2021
      • Opening of the XVIII Student Festival of National Cultures
      • Mobile multimedia exhibition “Partisans of Belarus”
      • Republican subbotnik-2021
      • Seminar “The Man Within Himself”
      • International competition “Healthy lifestyle through the eyes of different generations”
      • Presentation of the badge “Border Guard’s Wife”
      • Meeting with representatives of the Medical University of St.Lublin
      • Queen of Students of GrSMU – 2021
      • Open Doors Day 2021
      • Personal finance management (meeting with representatives of BPS-Sberbank)
      • Spring “Melotrek”
      • Festive concert for March 8
      • Dialogue platform with the chairman of the Grodno Regional Executive Committee
      • Extended meeting of the university council
      • Grodno – Youth Capital of the Republic of Belarus-2021
      • A solemn meeting timed to coincide with the Defender of the Fatherland Day
      • Presentation of a certificate of a full member of the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
      • New Year’s ScienceQuiz
      • Final IV of the ScienseQuiz Tournament
      • Regional stage of the competition “Student of the Year 2020”
      • Distance learning seminar for university staff from Belarus “Quality assurance of medical education and education in the field of public health and health care”
      • Student of the Year – 2020
      • Knowledge Day – 2020
      • Award Ceremony for the Government Quality Prize Laureates
      • Military oath
      • Graduation from the Faculty of General Medicine-2020
      • Graduation from the Faculty of Medicine and Psychology-2020
      • Graduation of the Faculty of Pediatrics-2020
      • Graduation from the Faculty of Foreign Students 2020
      • Distribution – 2020
      • Stop coronavirus!
      • Towards spring 2020
      • Career guidance – 18th International Specialized Exhibition “Education and Career”
      • Spartakiad among employees “Health 2020”
      • Conference “Actual problems of medicine”
      • Opening of the hostel number 4
      • Meeting of the President of Belarus with students and teachers of medical universities
      • New Year’s party at the State Medical University
      • XIX Republican student conference “Language.Society. The medicine”
      • Alma mater – love from the first year
      • Topical issues of comorbidity of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases in outpatient practice
      • Regional stage “Student of the Year-2019”
      • Final Science Qiuz
      • Conference “Actual problems of personality psychology and social interaction”
      • Dedication to FIU students
      • Mothers Day
      • Open Doors Day – 2019
      • Visit to Azerbaijan Medical University
      • Seminar-training with international participation “Modern aspects of nursing education”
      • Autumn Athletics Cross – 2019
      • 40 years of pediatrics
      • Knowledge Day – 2019
      • Initiation into freshmen
      • Action for World Suicide Prevention Day
      • Tourslet-2019
      • Agreement on the establishment of a branch of the Department of General Surgery on the basis of the Brest Regional Hospital
      • Independence Day
      • Conference “Modern technologies of diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation in pulmonology”
      • Graduation from medical diagnostic, pediatric faculties and faculty of foreign students – 2019
      • Graduation from the Faculty of Medicine and Psychology – 2019
      • Graduation from the Faculty of General Medicine – 2019
      • Good luck, graduates!
      • Distribution by subordination profiles
      • State exams
      • Intellectual game “What? Where? When?”
      • 2019 Mister and Miss Faculty of Foreign Students
      • Victory Day
      • IV Republican student military-scientific conference “These days will not cease glory”
      • Republican civil-patriotic marathon “Together – for a strong and prosperous Belarus!”
      • Literary and art marathon “On the praises of Mayoi spadchyny”
      • Open Doors Day 2019
      • Their names will remain in our hearts
      • Regional stage of the competition “Queen of Spring – 2019”
      • Queen of Spring Grodno State Medical University – 2019
      • Career guidance “Applicant – 2019” (St.Baranovichi)
      • Event “Career starts with education!” (city of Lida)
      • Final distribution of graduates – 2019
      • “Towards Spring – 2019”
      • Solemn ceremony dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day
      • Solemn meeting for the Defender of the Fatherland Day – 2019
      • Mister GrSMU – 2019
      • Pre-distribution of 2019 graduates
      • Meeting-requiem at the monument to soldiers-internationalists
      • Vocational guidance “Education and Career” (c.Minsk)
      • Final Board of the Main Department of Health of the Grodno Regional Executive Committee
      • Spartakiad “Health – 2019”
      • Final scientific-practical conference “Actual problems of medicine”.
      • Extended meeting of the University Council.
      • Scientific-practical conference “Simulation technologies of teaching in the training of medical workers: relevance, problematic issues of implementation and prospects”
      • Freshmen competition “Alma mater – love from the first year”
      • XVI Congress of Surgeons of the Republic of Belarus
      • Final practice
      • Competition “Student of the Year-2018”
      • University Council
      • 1st Congress of the Eurasian Arrhythmological Association (14.09.2018 y.)
      • 1st Congress of the Eurasian Arrhythmological Association (09/13/2018)
      • Knowledge day
      • Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus
      • Awarding ceremony for the winners of the competition for the CIS Prize
      • Day of the coat of arms and flag of the Republic of Belarus
      • “Become a donor – give the opportunity to live”
      • VIII International Interuniversity Festival of Contemporary Dance “Take a Step Forward”
      • Competition of grace and artistic skills “Queen of Spring of the State Medical University – 2018”
      • Final distribution of graduates of 2018
      • Requiem meeting timed to coincide with the 75th anniversary of the Khatyn tragedy
      • Regional meeting “Results of the work of the therapeutic and cardiological services of the Grodno region in 2017 and tasks for 2018”
      • Competitive show performance “Mister GrSMU-2018”
      • Pre-allocation of 2018 graduates
      • Final scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of medicine”
      • II Congress of Scientists of the Republic of Belarus
      • Round table of the Faculty of Foreign Students
      • “Youth of the world: identity, solidarity, cooperation”
      • Meeting of the visiting session of the Grodno Regional Council of Deputies
      • Regional stage of the republican competition “Student of the Year-2017”
      • Meeting with the Chairman of the Belaya Rus RPO, Alexander Mikhailovich Radkov
      • Conference “Actual issues of infectious pathology”, 27.10.2017
      • XIX World Festival of Students and Youth
      • Republican scientific and practical conference “II Grodno arrhythmological readings”
      • Regional scientific and practical conference “V Grodno gastroenterological readings”
      • Holiday dedicated to the 889th anniversary of the city of Grodno
      • Round table on the topic “The place and role of the RPO” Belaya Rus “in the political system of the Republic of Belarus” (22.09.2017)
      • GRSMU and the University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Tyrgu-Mures, Romania) signed a Cooperation Agreement
      • 1 September is the day of knowledge
      • Final practice at the Department of Military and Extreme Medicine
      • Qualification exam for medical interns
      • Meeting with the Commission for Awarding the Prize of the Government of the Republic of Belarus
      • Scientific-practical conference “Outpatient therapy and surgery of diseases of ENT organs and associated pathology of other organs and systems”
      • National Flag and Coat of Arms Day
      • 9th May
      • Republican scientific and practical conference with international participation “V Belarusian-Polish dermatological conference: dermatology without borders”
      • “Become a donor – give the opportunity to live”
      • “Round table” of the Standing Committee of the Council of the Republic of Belarus of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus on Education, Science, Culture and Social Development
      • Spring Cup of KVN “Humor is a Science”
      • Miss GRSMU-2017
      • 2017 distribution
      • Citywide career guidance day for students of gymnasiums, lyceums and schools
      • Festive concert dedicated to the Day of March 8
      • Competitive show performance “Mister GrSMU-2017”
      • “Maslenitsa-2017”
      • A festive meeting and a festive concert dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day
      • Lecture by professor, d.M.Sc. OO Rummo
      • Final scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of medicine”
      • Memorandum of cooperation between the regional organization of the Belarusian Red Cross Society and the regional organization of the Red Cross of the Chinese province of Henan
      • Visit of the delegation of the Moscow State University of Economics HELL. Sakharov BSU at GrSMU
      • “Student of the Year 2016”
      • Visit of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Republic of Belarus, Mr. Martin Oberg, to the State Medical University
      • Freshmen competition “Alma mater – love from the first year”
      • Mother’s Day at GrSMU
      • Final practice-2016
      • Knowledge day
      • Visit of the Chinese delegation to the State Medical University
      • Visit of a foreign delegation from the Wroclaw Medical University (Republic of Poland)
      • Solemn event dedicated to the professional holiday – the Day of the Medical Worker
      • Visit of the Rector of the State Medical University Viktor Snezhitsky to India
      • Republican University Saturday-2016
      • Republican action “Belarus against tobacco”
      • Meeting with the poet Yanina Bokiy
      • May 9 – Victory Day
      • Rally dedicated to the Day of the State Emblem and State Flag of the Republic of Belarus
      • Regional interuniversity student scientific-practical conference “1941: tragedy, heroism, memory”
      • “Flowers of the Great Victory”
      • Concert of the folk ensemble of Polish song and dance “Habry”
      • Subotnik ў Muravantsy
      • “Miss Grodno State Medical University-2016”
      • Visit of the academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Razumov Alexander Nikolaevich to the educational establishment “GrSMU”
      • Visit of a foreign delegation from the Medical Council of the Republic of Maldives
      • “Cup of the Rector of Grodno State Medical University in Judo”
      • “Friendship Cup-2016” on mini-football among men’s and women’s teams of medical educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus
      • Distribution of graduates 2016
      • Visit of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Belarus to the military department of the State Medical University
      • Visit of the First Secretary of the Embassy of Israel Anna Keinan and Director of the Israeli Cultural Center at the Embassy of Israel Ray Keinan
      • Visit of a foreign delegation from the Gansu province of the People’s Republic of China to the State Medical University
      • The opening of the photo exhibition “In the footsteps of the Bible”
      • “Dean’s Cup” of the Medical and Diagnostic Faculty of Climbing
      • Mister GRSMU-2016
      • Reception of the First Secretary of the Israeli Embassy Anna Keinan at the State Medical University
      • Spartakiad “Health” UO “GrSMU” among employees of the 2015-2016 academic year
      • Visit of the Ambassador of the Republic of India to the UO “GRSMU”
      • Solemn meeting and concert dedicated to the Defender of the Fatherland Day
      • Requiem meeting dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Internationalist Warriors
      • Final meeting of the board of the main department of ideological work, culture and youth affairs of the Grodno regional executive committee
      • Final scientific and practical conference of Grodno State Medical University
      • New Year’s concert
      • Opening of the professorial advisory center
      • Concert-action “Youth against AIDS”
      • “Student of the Year 2015”
      • Open lectures by Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Yuri Petrovich Ostrovsky
      • “Alma mater – love from the first year”
      • Open lecture by WHO Regional Director Ms Zsuzsanna Jakab
      • “Open Cup for cycling orienteering RCFViS”
      • Joint meeting of the University CouncilsGrodno
      • Meeting with the Minister of Health of the Republic of Belarus V.I. Hot
      • Day of the city
      • Debate “Physician – the choice of life”
      • Day of the city
      • Festive concert “For you, freshmen!”
      • Promotion “Our year is our choice”
      • Knowledge day
      • Open admission of applicants to the educational establishment “Grodno State Medical University”
      • Taking the military oath by students of the GrSMU
      • Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus
      • Graduation ceremony for 2015 graduates
      • Republican Olympiad in Pediatrics
      • Opening of a memorial sign in honor of the fallen defenders
      • 9th May
      • “The second Belarusian-Polish dermatological conference: dermatology without borders”
      • Mr university
      • Miss University
      • KVN
      • Grodno State Medical University
      • Honoring our veterans
      • 1st of May
      • Joint cleanup
    • Our publications
    • Medical calendar
    • University in the media
    • Video presentations
  • Public associations
  • Anti-Corruption Commission
  • Educational activities
• Applicants
• Students
• For graduates
• Slider
• Latest updates
• Banners
• Foreign citizen
• Scientific activity
• Search

Endometrial pathology | Gynecology | Directions of DSP Medica

Endometrial pathology is common among patients with primary and secondary infertility and is one of the main reasons for IVF failure.

Endometrium is a unique tissue of the female body, which in women of reproductive age undergoes regular dynamic changes every month and is intended for the implementation of reproductive function. Exposure to infectious agents, trauma, dyshormonal changes in a woman’s body lead to pathological changes in the endometrium, as a result of which the ability of the endometrium to implant an embryo and / or carry a pregnancy is impaired.

Endometrial pathology includes:

Endometrial polyp

Endometrial hyperplasia

Thin endometrium (endometrial hypoplasia)

Intrauterine synechiae (Asherman’s syndrome)