Where do stomach ulcers typically cause pain. What are the main causes of peptic ulcers. How are stomach ulcers diagnosed and treated. What are the potential complications of untreated ulcers. When should you seek medical attention for suspected ulcer symptoms.

Understanding Stomach Ulcers: An Overview

Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric ulcers, are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach. They fall under the broader category of peptic ulcer disease, which encompasses ulcers affecting both the stomach and small intestines. These ulcers occur when the protective mucus layer of the stomach is compromised, allowing digestive acids to erode the underlying tissues.

While stomach ulcers can be effectively treated, they have the potential to become severe if left unaddressed. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Common Causes of Stomach Ulcers

The vast majority of stomach ulcers can be attributed to two primary factors:

• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: This bacterium can colonize the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation.
• Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can irritate the stomach lining over time.

In rare cases, a condition called Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may cause stomach ulcers by increasing the body’s acid production. However, this accounts for less than 1% of all peptic ulcers.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Stomach Ulcers

The severity of stomach ulcer symptoms can vary depending on the extent of the ulceration. The most common symptom is a burning sensation or pain in the middle of the abdomen, between the chest and belly button. This discomfort is often more intense when the stomach is empty and can persist for minutes to hours.

Other signs and symptoms associated with stomach ulcers include:

• Dull stomach pain
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating
• Feeling easily full
• Burping or acid reflux
• Heartburn
• Anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin)
• Dark, tarry stools
• Bloody vomit or vomit resembling coffee grounds

Is pain the only indicator of a stomach ulcer? No, while abdominal pain is a common symptom, ulcers can present with various other signs. Some individuals may experience minimal discomfort, while others may have more severe symptoms.

Diagnosing Stomach Ulcers: Tests and Procedures

When a stomach ulcer is suspected, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic methods to confirm the condition and determine its underlying cause. These may include:

1. Medical history review and symptom assessment
2. H. pylori testing (blood, stool, or breath test)
3. Barium swallow
4. Endoscopy (EGD)
5. Endoscopic biopsy

How does a breath test detect H. pylori? During a breath test, patients drink a clear liquid and breathe into a sealed bag. If H. pylori is present, the breath sample will contain elevated levels of carbon dioxide.

Treatment Approaches for Stomach Ulcers

The treatment of stomach ulcers varies depending on their underlying cause. Most cases can be managed with prescription medications, although surgery may be necessary in rare instances.

For H. pylori-related ulcers, treatment typically involves:

• Antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid production

Additional treatment options may include:

• H2 receptor blockers (acid-blocking medications)
• Discontinuation of NSAID use
• Follow-up endoscopy
• Probiotics to support gut health

Can stomach ulcers heal on their own? While some minor ulcers may heal without intervention, it’s crucial to seek proper medical treatment to address the underlying cause and prevent complications.

Potential Complications of Untreated Stomach Ulcers

Leaving stomach ulcers untreated can lead to serious complications, including:

• Internal bleeding
• Perforation of the stomach wall
• Obstruction of the digestive tract
• Increased risk of gastric cancer

What makes bleeding ulcers particularly dangerous? Bleeding ulcers can result in significant blood loss, potentially leading to anemia or life-threatening hemorrhage if not addressed promptly.

Lifestyle Modifications and Prevention Strategies

While medical treatment is essential for managing stomach ulcers, certain lifestyle changes can support healing and help prevent recurrence:

• Avoiding trigger foods and beverages (e.g., spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, caffeine)
• Quitting smoking
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting NSAID use and opting for alternative pain relief methods when possible

How effective are dietary changes in preventing ulcers? While diet alone may not prevent ulcers caused by H. pylori or NSAIDs, adopting a balanced, ulcer-friendly diet can support overall digestive health and minimize symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent symptoms suggestive of a stomach ulcer. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following:

• Severe, sudden abdominal pain
• Vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds
• Dark, tarry stools
• Dizziness or fainting
• Rapid heartbeat
• Unexplained weight loss

Why is early intervention crucial for stomach ulcers? Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent the progression of ulcers, reduce the risk of complications, and improve overall outcomes.

The Role of Endoscopy in Ulcer Management

Endoscopy plays a vital role in both the diagnosis and treatment of stomach ulcers. This procedure allows healthcare providers to:

• Visualize the ulcer and assess its severity
• Obtain tissue samples for biopsy
• Perform interventions to stop bleeding if necessary
• Monitor healing progress during follow-up examinations

How frequently are follow-up endoscopies required? The need for repeat endoscopies depends on the individual case, but they are often recommended to confirm ulcer healing and rule out malignancy, especially in high-risk patients.

Emerging Research and Future Treatments

Ongoing research in the field of gastroenterology continues to shed light on stomach ulcers and potential new treatment approaches. Some areas of interest include:

• Development of more targeted antibiotics for H. pylori eradication
• Investigation of novel protective agents for the gastric mucosa
• Exploration of the gut microbiome’s role in ulcer formation and healing
• Advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques for complex cases

What promise do these research avenues hold for ulcer patients? As our understanding of ulcer pathophysiology grows, we may see more personalized and effective treatment strategies emerge, potentially improving outcomes and reducing recurrence rates.

The Importance of Patient Education and Self-Care

Empowering patients with knowledge about their condition is crucial for successful ulcer management. Key aspects of patient education include:

• Understanding the importance of medication adherence
• Recognizing signs of potential complications
• Implementing appropriate dietary and lifestyle modifications
• Developing strategies for stress management
• Knowing when to seek medical attention

How can patients actively participate in their ulcer care? By staying informed, following treatment plans diligently, and maintaining open communication with their healthcare providers, patients can play a significant role in their recovery and long-term digestive health.

Special Considerations for High-Risk Groups

Certain populations may be at increased risk for developing stomach ulcers or experiencing complications. These groups include:

• Elderly individuals
• People with a history of previous ulcers
• Those with chronic conditions requiring long-term NSAID use
• Individuals with compromised immune systems
• Smokers
• Heavy alcohol consumers

What additional precautions should high-risk individuals take? Those at elevated risk may benefit from more frequent check-ups, tailored prevention strategies, and closer monitoring for potential ulcer development or recurrence.

The Economic Impact of Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers not only affect individual health but also have broader societal and economic implications. Consider the following aspects:

• Healthcare costs associated with diagnosis and treatment
• Lost productivity due to illness and medical appointments
• Potential long-term complications requiring ongoing care
• Impact on quality of life and mental health

How can addressing stomach ulcers more effectively benefit society as a whole? By improving prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies, we can potentially reduce the overall burden of this condition on healthcare systems and economies.

Global Perspectives on Stomach Ulcer Management

The approach to stomach ulcer diagnosis and treatment can vary across different regions and healthcare systems. Factors influencing these variations include:

• Prevalence of H. pylori infection in the population
• Availability of diagnostic tools and medications
• Cultural dietary habits and lifestyle factors
• Healthcare access and resources
• Local treatment guidelines and protocols

How do these global differences impact ulcer management? Understanding regional variations can help inform public health strategies, guide resource allocation, and promote the sharing of best practices in stomach ulcer care worldwide.

The Psychological Aspect of Living with Stomach Ulcers

The impact of stomach ulcers extends beyond physical symptoms, often affecting patients’ mental and emotional well-being. Consider the following psychological aspects:

• Anxiety about potential flare-ups or complications
• Frustration with dietary restrictions and lifestyle changes
• Stress related to managing a chronic condition
• Potential social limitations due to symptoms or treatment requirements
• Impact on self-image and quality of life

How can healthcare providers address the psychological needs of ulcer patients? Incorporating mental health support, patient support groups, and holistic care approaches can help individuals cope with the challenges of living with stomach ulcers more effectively.

Integrating Traditional and Modern Approaches to Ulcer Management

While conventional medical treatments form the cornerstone of stomach ulcer management, some patients may be interested in complementary approaches. These may include:

• Herbal remedies with potential gastroprotective properties
• Acupuncture for pain management and stress reduction
• Mind-body techniques such as meditation or yoga
• Dietary supplements to support overall digestive health

Is it safe to combine traditional and modern treatments for stomach ulcers? While some complementary approaches may offer benefits, it’s crucial to consult with healthcare providers before integrating any alternative therapies to ensure safety and avoid potential interactions with conventional treatments.

Stomach Ulcer: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

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Stomach ulcers occur when digestive acids damage your stomach lining. Treatment can depend on the cause.

Stomach ulcers, which are also known as gastric ulcers, are painful sores in the stomach lining. Stomach ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are any ulcers that affect both the stomach and small intestines.

Stomach ulcers occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects your stomach from digestive juices is reduced. This allows the digestive acids to eat away at the tissues that line the stomach, causing an ulcer.

Stomach ulcers may be easily cured, but they can become severe without proper treatment.

Stomach ulcers are almost always caused by one of the following:

• an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
• long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen

Rarely, a condition known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can cause stomach and intestinal ulcers by increasing the body’s production of acid. This syndrome is suspected to cause less than 1 percent of all peptic ulcers.

A number of symptoms are associated with stomach ulcers. The severity of the symptoms depends on the severity of the ulcer.

The most common symptom is a burning sensation or pain in the middle of your abdomen between your chest and belly button. Typically, the pain will be more intense when your stomach is empty, and it can last for a few minutes to several hours.

Other common signs and symptoms of ulcers include:

• dull pain in the stomach
• weight loss
• not wanting to eat because of pain
• nausea or vomiting
• bloating
• feeling easily full
• burping or acid reflux
• heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest)
• pain that may improve when you eat, drink, or take antacids
• anemia, whose symptoms can include tiredness, shortness of breath, or paler skin
• dark, tarry stools
• vomit that’s bloody or looks like coffee grounds

Talk with a doctor if you have any symptoms of a stomach ulcer. Even though discomfort may be mild, ulcers can worsen if they aren’t treated. Bleeding ulcers can become life threatening.

Diagnosis and treatment will depend on your symptoms and the severity of your ulcer. To diagnose a stomach ulcer, your doctor will review your medical history along with your symptoms and any prescription or over-the-counter medications you’re taking.

To rule out H. pylori infection, a blood, stool, or breath test may be ordered. With a breath test, you’ll be instructed to drink a clear liquid and breathe into a bag, which is then sealed. If H. pylori is present, the breath sample will contain higher-than-normal levels of carbon dioxide.

Other tests and procedures used to diagnose stomach ulcers include:

• Barium swallow: You drink a thick white liquid (barium) that coats your upper gastrointestinal tract and helps your doctor see your stomach and small intestine on X-rays.
• Endoscopy (EGD): A thin, lighted tube is inserted through your mouth and into the stomach and the first part of the small intestine. This test is used to look for ulcers, bleeding, and any tissue that looks abnormal.
• Endoscopic biopsy: A piece of stomach tissue is removed so it can be analyzed in a lab.

Treatment will vary depending on the cause of your ulcer. Most ulcers can be treated with a prescription from your doctor, but in rare cases, surgery may be required.

It’s important to promptly treat an ulcer. Talk to your doctor to discuss a treatment plan. If you have an actively bleeding ulcer, you’ll likely be hospitalized for intensive treatment with endoscopy and IV ulcer medications. You may also require a blood transfusion.

Nonsurgical treatment

If your stomach ulcer is the result of H. pylori, you’ll need antibiotics and drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). PPIs block the stomach cells that produce acid.

In addition to these treatments, your doctor may also recommend:

• h3 receptor blockers (drugs that also block acid production)
• stopping use of all NSAIDs
• follow-up endoscopy
• probiotics (useful bacteria that may have a role in killing off H. pylori)
• bismuth supplement

Symptoms of an ulcer may subside quickly with treatment. But even if your symptoms disappear, you should continue to take any medication prescribed by your doctor. This is especially important with H. pylori infections, to make sure that all bacteria are eliminated.

Side effects of medications used to treat stomach ulcers can include:

• nausea
• dizziness
• headaches
• diarrhea
• abdominal pain

These side effects are typically temporary. If any of these side effects cause extreme discomfort, talk to your doctor about changing your medication.

Surgical treatment

In very rare cases, a complicated stomach ulcer will require surgery. This may be the case for ulcers that:

• continue to return
• don’t heal
• bleed
• tear through the stomach
• keep food from flowing out of the stomach into the small intestine

Surgery may include:

• removal of the entire ulcer
• taking tissue from another part of the intestines and patching it over the ulcer site
• tying off a bleeding artery
• cutting off the nerve supply to the stomach to reduce the production of stomach acid

In the past, it was thought that diet could cause ulcers. We know now this isn’t true. We also know that while the foods you eat won’t cause or cure a stomach ulcer, eating a healthful diet can benefit your intestinal tract and overall health.

In general, it’s a good idea to eat a diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, and fiber.

That said, it’s possible that some foods play a role in eliminating H. pylori. Foods that may help fight off H. pylori or boost the body’s own healthy bacteria include:

• broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and radishes
• leafy greens, such as spinach and kale
• probiotic-rich foods, such as sauerkraut, miso, kombucha, yogurt (especially with lactobacillus and Sacharomyces)
• apples
• blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries
• olive oil

Additionally, since people with stomach ulcers may have accompanying acid reflux disease, it is a good idea to stay away from spicy and sour foods while an ulcer is healing.

Learn more about foods that may be good for stomach ulcers — and foods that may not be.

In addition to eating healthy foods, the following items may help reduce the effects of H. pylori, the bacteria responsible for many stomach ulcers. However, these supplements are not intended to replace prescription medication or your current treatment plan. They include:

• probiotics
• honey
• glutamine (food sources include chicken, fish, eggs, spinach, and cabbage)

Your doctor may also have suggestions for things you can do at home to relieve discomfort from your ulcer. Consider talking with a doctor about these natural and home remedies for ulcers.

If you think you have a stomach ulcer, call your doctor. Together you can discuss your symptoms and treatment options. If you don’t already have a physician, you can use the Healthline FindCare tool to find a provider near you.

It’s important to get a stomach ulcer taken care of because without treatment, ulcers and H. pylori can cause:

• bleeding from the ulcer site that can become life-threatening
• penetration, which occurs when the ulcer goes through the wall of the digestive tract and into another organ, such as the pancreas
• perforation, which occurs when the ulcer creates a hole in the wall of the digestive tract
• obstruction (blockage) in the digestive tract, which is due to swelling of inflamed tissues
• stomach cancer, specifically non-cardia gastric cancer

Symptoms of these complications can include those listed below. If you have any of these symptoms, be sure to call you doctor right away:

• weakness
• trouble breathing
• red or black vomit or stools
• sudden, sharp pain in your abdomen that doesn’t go away

To prevent the spread of bacteria that might cause a stomach ulcer, wash your hands with soap and water on a regular basis. Also, be sure to properly clean all of your food and to cook it thoroughly as needed.

To prevent ulcers caused by NSAIDs, stop using these medications (if possible) or limit their use. If you need to take NSAIDs, be sure to follow the recommended dosage and avoid alcohol while taking these medications. And always take these medications with food and adequate liquids.

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Stomach ulcer – Better Health Channel

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Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• A stomach or gastric ulcer is a break in the tissue lining of the stomach.
• Most stomach ulcers are caused by infection with the Helicobacter pylori bacterium or anti-inflammatory medication, not stress or poor diet as once thought.
• Treatment options include antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications.

A stomach or gastric ulcer is a break in the tissue lining the stomach. The term ‘peptic ulcer’ refers to those that occur in either the stomach or the first part of the small intestine that leads out of the stomach, called the duodenum.

It was once commonly thought that stress, smoking and diet were the principal causes of stomach ulcers. However, the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium is now known to be responsible for most duodenal ulcers and 60 per cent of stomach ulcers. The H. pylori bacterium also prompts many symptoms of dyspepsia, or indigestion.

Treatment for stomach ulcers includes the use of antibiotics to kill the infection, and acid-suppressing drugs.

Symptoms of stomach ulcers

Some stomach ulcers don’t produce any symptoms. If present, they can include:

• abdominal pain just below the ribcage
• indigestion
• nausea
• loss of appetite
• vomiting
• weight loss
• bright or altered blood present in vomit or bowel motions
• symptoms of anaemia, such as light-headedness
• shock due to blood loss – a medical emergency.

The stomach

The stomach is an organ of the digestive system, located in the abdomen just below the ribs and on the left. Swallowed food is squeezed down the oesophagus and pushed through a sphincter (small muscle ring) into the stomach, where it is mixed with powerful gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid. The stomach is a muscular bag, so it can churn the food and break it down mechanically as well as chemically.

Once the food is the consistency of smooth paste, it is squeezed through a second sphincter into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The lining of the stomach – the mucosa or gastric epithelium – is layered with multiple folds. Ulcers occur in this lining.

Causes of stomach ulcers

A stomach ulcer can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Helicobacter pylori – bacteria is thought to be responsible for around 60 per cent of stomach ulcers and at least 90 per cent of duodenal ulcers.
• Certain medications – which include aspirin or clopidogrel, taken regularly to help prevent heart attack or stroke, and drugs for arthritis. Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) are thought to cause around two fifths of stomach ulcers.
• Cancer – stomach cancer can present as an ulcer, particularly in older people.

Helicobacter pylori

The Helicobacter pylori bacterium (H. pylori) is the main cause of peptic ulcers. The discovery of this micro-organism in 1983 revolutionised many aspects of gastroenterology, including the treatment of stomach ulcers.

It is thought that about one in three people over the age of 40 years is infected with this strain of bacteria in Australia. The germs live in the lining of the stomach and the chemicals they produce cause irritation and inflammation. H. pylori directly causes one third of stomach ulcers and is a contributing factor in around three fifths of cases. Other disorders caused by this infection include inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) and dyspepsia (indigestion).

Researchers believe the germ could also play a contributing role in the development of stomach cancers. The infection is more common among poor or institutionalised people. The mode of transmission is so far unknown, but is thought to include sharing food or utensils, coming into contact with infected vomit, and sharing of water (such as well water) in undeveloped populations.

Ulcer bleeding

This is a serious complication of ulcer disease and is particularly deadly in the elderly or those with multiple medical problems. Bleeding from stomach ulcers is more common in people treated with blood thinning agents, such as warfarin, aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix) and those people should also consider using regular anti-ulcer medication to prevent this complication.

Perforated ulcer

A severe, untreated ulcer can sometimes burn through the wall of the stomach, allowing digestive juices and food to leak into the abdominal cavity. This medical emergency is known as a perforated ulcer. Treatment generally requires immediate surgery.

Diagnosis of a stomach ulcer

Diagnosing a stomach ulcer is done using a range of methods, including:

• Endoscopy – a thin flexible tube is threaded down the oesophagus into the stomach under light anaesthesia. The endoscope is fitted with a small camera so the physician can see if there is an ulcer.
• Barium meal – a chalky liquid is drunk and an x-ray is performed, showing the stomach lining. These tests are less common nowadays, but may be useful where endoscopy is unavailable.
• Biopsy – a small tissue sample is taken during an endoscopy and tested in a laboratory. This biopsy should always be done if a gastric ulcer is found.
• C14 breath test – this checks for the presence of H. pylori. The bacteria convert urea into carbon dioxide. The test involves swallowing an amount of radioactive carbon (C14) and testing the air exhaled from the lungs. A non-radioactive test can be used for children and pregnant women.

Treatment for a stomach ulcer

Special diets are now known to have very little impact on the prevention or treatment of stomach ulcers. Treatment options can include:

• medication – including antibiotics, to destroy the H. pylori colony, and drugs to help speed the healing process. Different drugs need to be used in combination; some of the side effects can include diarrhoea and rashes. Resistance to some of these antibiotics is becoming more common
• subsequent breath tests – used to make sure the H. pylori infection has been treated successfully
• changes to existing medication – the doses of arthritis medication, aspirin or other anti-inflammatory medication can be altered slightly to reduce their contributing effects on the stomach ulcer.
• reducing acid – tablets are available to reduce the acid content in the gastric juices
• lifestyle modifications – including quitting cigarettes, since smoking reduces the natural defences in the stomach and impairs the healing process.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• NURSE-ON-CALL Tel. 1300 60 60 24 – for expert health information and advice (24 hours, 7 days)
• Gastroenterologist

Things to remember

• A stomach or gastric ulcer is a break in the tissue lining of the stomach.
• Most stomach ulcers are caused by infection with the Helicobacter pylori bacterium or anti-inflammatory medication, not stress or poor diet as once thought.
• Treatment options include antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications.

• Helicobacter pylori, Patient Information Sheets (No. 4.1), The Centre for Digestive Diseases Sydney, Five Dock, NSW.
• Helicobacter pylori, Information Leaflets, Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA), Sydney, NSW. More information here.External Link
• Forbes, GM & Threlfall, TJ, 1998, ‘Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection to reduce gastric cancer incidence: uncertain benefits of a community based programme in Australia’, Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1091-1095. PMID: 9870793. More information here.External Link
• Henry, A & Batey, RG, 1998, ‘Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in an Australian duodenal ulcer population: NSAIDitis or the effect of ten years of H. pylori treatment?’, Australia & New Zealand Journal of Medicine, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 345. PMID: 9673749. More information here. External Link (No abstract available.)
• Lin, SK, Lambert, JR, Nicholson, L, Lukito, W & Wahlqvist, M, 1998, ‘Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in a representative Anglo-Celtic population of urban Melbourne’, Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 505-510. PMID: 9641649. More information here.External Link
• Lin, SK, Lambert, JR, Schembri, MA, Nicholson, L & Johnson, IH, 1998, ‘The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in practising dental staff and dental students’, Australian Dental Journal, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 35-39. PMID: 9583224. More information here.External Link
• Peach, HG, Pearce, DC & Farish, SJ, 1997, ‘Helicobacter pylori infection in an Australian regional city: prevalence and risk factors’, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 310-313. PMID: 9322776. More information here.External Link
• Clopidogrel side effects, Drugs.com, Drugsite Trust, NZ. More information here.External Link

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Duodenal ulcer – symptoms, signs, treatment, diet and prevention at the MEDSI Clinic

The duodenum is part of the small intestine, located just behind the pylorus. This organ is responsible for the process of digestion of food in the gastrointestinal tract. To date, peptic ulcer remains the most dangerous disease of the duodenum. In the acute stage, the ulcer is accompanied by severe bleeding and aching pain in the upper abdomen. If timely treatment of the duodenum is not started, this can lead to death. Let us consider in more detail the causes of duodenal ulcers, the symptoms of this disease, as well as modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, which have convincingly proven their effectiveness.

What is a duodenal ulcer?

A duodenal ulcer is a disease that affects the mucous membrane with further scar formation. The frequency of occurrence of inflammatory processes is not directly related to the gender or age of the person. Statistics show that men and women are equally affected by peptic ulcer, although people who regularly violate the basic rules of nutrition are at particular risk. This disease proceeds slowly, so the stages of exacerbation may alternate with periods of remission. In moments of remission, a person feels much better, but then the deceptive calm is suddenly replaced by severe pain. Therefore, in no case should you stop treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Causes of duodenal ulcers

Statistics show that the main cause of duodenal ulcers is the spiral bacterium Helicobacter pylori (lat. Helicobacter Pylori). This bacterium is able to exist for a long time in adverse conditions, actively multiplying and gradually damaging the mucous membranes.

In addition, the following causes lead to peptic ulcer:

• Mucosal injury. As a rule, this occurs due to the intake of gastric juice with an increased concentration of acid
• Inflammatory process. Very often, ulcers are caused by pathogenic bacteria that can infect the stomach and duodenum
• Nervous tension. As a result of stress, vascular spasms occur, due to which blood circulation and nutrition of the cells of the duodenal mucosa are disturbed
• Hereditary predisposition. Doctors note that the predisposition to duodenal ulcer is inherited
• Taking medicines. In some cases, the cause of the ulcer is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids, which contribute to the suppression of the protective factors of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

It should be noted separately that there are several dangerous factors that contribute to the occurrence of this disease. For example, infection with a spiral bacterium usually occurs through contact with a sick person or along with contaminated food or water. In addition, do not forget about the regular abuse of spicy and coarse foods, as well as alcoholic beverages. This negatively affects the production of intestinal mucosal substances and often causes a violation of its motility. Sometimes treatment of the stomach and duodenum may be required after food poisoning.

Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

During an exacerbation of peptic ulcer, the patient may experience severe pain below the sternum or on the right side just above the navel. Most often, such pain is especially pronounced on an empty stomach. After eating, they may subside. This is due to an increase in the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Very often, many patients feel unpleasant heartburn, as well as moderate and dull pain, which usually appears 2-3 hours after eating.

In addition, the symptoms of a duodenal ulcer include:

• Nausea and vomiting. Patients suffering from this disease most often experience nausea not constantly, but only after eating
• Decreased appetite. Many patients report that they have no appetite at all. Rapid weight loss may result

It is worth noting that in the case when a person does not treat stomach and duodenal ulcers, he becomes too nervous and irritable. Some patients complain of a decrease in vitality and a lack of desire for any activity.

Frequency of exacerbations and types of duodenal ulcers

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum differs in that periods of exacerbation are replaced by intervals of remission. When remission occurs, the patient can feel completely healthy. There is a feeling that the disease has receded, so many people begin to violate the diet and medical recommendations. But after that, an exacerbation occurs, which can last from several days to one and a half or two months. Most often, exacerbation is observed in the spring and autumn periods.

Complications of duodenal ulcer

Complications that can occur with duodenal ulcer:

• Formation of a through hole in the wall of the duodenum. This is an emergency condition when the patient feels sudden and severe pain. Due to the entry into the free abdominal cavity of hydrochloric acid and bile, peritonitis occurs, which threatens the life of the patient and requires urgent medical attention
• Bleeding from an ulcer. Due to the increase in the size of the ulcer, the vessel wall of the duodenum is exposed. As a result, bleeding occurs. The patient has a drop in blood pressure and severe weakness. Treatment of bleeding is carried out only in a surgical hospital
• Difficulty in passing food from the stomach to the intestines. This complication occurs due to deformation or narrowing of the place where the transition of the stomach into the duodenum occurs. This leads to a delay of part of the food in the stomach, so patients complain of severe pain in the abdomen. With such complaints, you should immediately consult a doctor, as the patient needs urgent treatment
• Penetration of an ulcer into other internal organs. If the ulcer passes to the pancreas, large intestine or liver, the pain increases dramatically and becomes permanent. In this case, urgent treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with surgical intervention is required

Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer

As part of the diagnosis of this disease, a whole range of procedures is carried out that allow you to get the most accurate picture of the state of the duodenum and the nature of the course of the disease. First of all, the doctor conducts an endoscopic examination, examining the walls of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract using a special gastroscope instrument inserted into the stomach through the mouth and esophagus.

After that, laboratory tests are carried out:

• General blood and urine tests
• Fecal analysis
• Biochemical blood test
• Analysis of gastric juice

To identify the focus of the pathology, a radiation study of the upper parts of the digestive tract is used, carried out with the use of contrast. If a deviation from the norm is recorded on the radiographs, an endoscopic examination with the possibility of taking a biopsy is necessary. To detect the presence of the spiral-shaped bacterium Helicobacter pylori, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies and a breath test are performed, which allows you to detect waste products of the bacterium in the air exhaled by the patient.

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Treatment of duodenal ulcers is performed strictly according to the doctor’s prescription. Any attempts at self-treatment lead to a deterioration in the condition and a sharp progression of the disease. As a rule, the course of treatment includes the use of medications that can not only reduce the manifestations of the disease, but also almost completely eliminate the possible causes of peptic ulcer. The use of gastric acid neutralizers, mucosal protectors and other drugs makes it possible to destroy Helicobacter pylori bacteria, prevent the possible development of complications, and also restore the duodenal mucosa. Physiotherapy is used to activate the blood supply to the abdominal organs and reduce pain. In addition, this method of treatment has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps to establish the secretory function of the entire digestive system. The choice of a specific method is made by the attending physician based on the data obtained during the diagnosis of the patient.

Duodenal ulcer prevention

In order to prevent the patient is required to follow a certain diet. To do this, you need to make sure that the food is complete and balanced. It is best to eat foods that are high in fiber. Preference should be given to milk and vegetable soups, dishes with boiled meat and fish of low-fat varieties, as well as cereals. Please note that food should be taken approximately 5-6 times a day in small portions. In this case, you need to abandon fatty, spicy and fried foods, as it helps to increase the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This is due to the fact that these products strongly stimulate gastric secretion, leading to excessive production of hydrochloric acid, which quickly destroys the cells of the duodenal mucosa. In addition to dieting, patients need to avoid stressful situations and nervous strain.

Benefits of contacting MEDSI

MEDSI Clinical and Diagnostic Center provides professional treatment for duodenal ulcers using the latest methods that guarantee a positive result. If a person is interested in the treatment of the duodenum (symptoms, complications, diagnosis, etc. ), they can undergo a quick and accurate examination with us, which allows them to assess the state of the gastrointestinal tract and prescribe the most effective course of treatment.

Key benefits of duodenal ulcer treatment in our medical center:

• High level of doctors’ training. Treatment of the duodenum (ulcer and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract) is carried out by qualified specialists. They have quite a lot of experience in this area
• Individual treatment plan. Every person who is concerned about a duodenal ulcer (symptoms and treatment) can count on an attentive attitude and a high level of service from all the staff of our medical center
• Adequate cost of treatment. Even in the conditions of the economic crisis, we continue to keep the cost of treatment at an optimal level, quite affordable for many people who want to get rid of peptic ulcer forever

In order to undergo treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers or get additional information about our medical center, just call +7 (495) 152-55-46.

Do not delay treatment, see a doctor right now:

• Gastroenterologist appointment
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Gastric ulcer: symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Attention!

The information in the article is for reference only and cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-treatment.
If you have symptoms of the disease, contact your doctor.

Contents

• Symptoms of gastric ulcer
• Causes of stomach ulcers
• Types of stomach ulcers
• Complications of gastric ulcer
• Diagnosis of gastric ulcer
• Gastric ulcer treatment
• Treatment regimens
• Diet
• Treatment with folk remedies
• Stomach ulcer prevention
• Output

Gastric and duodenal ulcer (gastric ulcer) ICD code – K25. 3 under this name means
a limited defect in the mucosa of the inner layer of the stomach. Occasionally, the lesion captures the submucosal layer.
An ulcer is formed under the influence of pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and also bile.

These substances, acting on a limited area, cause trophic disturbances. secretion of hydrochloric acid
the gastric mucosa usually does not increase. Peptic ulcer typically has a relapsing course. Characteristically alternating
periods of exacerbations that develop in spring and autumn, as well as periods of remission.

An ulcer differs from a superficial mucosal lesion called erosion in that it heals
forms a rough scar. Peptic ulcer is considered a fairly common disease.
It is found in approximately 4% of the world’s population.

Symptoms of gastric ulcer

Pain syndrome in gastric ulcer, in contrast to duodenal ulcer, is more intense.
Pain in a stomach ulcer occurs and intensifies immediately after eating. It occurs in the upper abdomen.
More often, pain is localized in the epigastric zone, occasionally radiating to the left hypochondrium.

The appearance of her patient connects with the use of food. The pain usually starts half an hour or an hour after
how he ate, and stops after two hours. This is explained by the emptying of the stomach. Pain occurs with an ulcer due to
irritation of the surface of the defect with food. It stops when taking antacids. In addition, the patient is still worried
and other symptoms of stomach ulcers:

• Heartburn. It occurs when gastric contents, which have an acidic environment, are thrown into the lower esophagus.
  It occurs synchronously with the appearance of pain in the epigastrium.
• Nausea and vomiting. They occur at the same time as the pain begins. Vomiting relieves the patient.
• Flatulence. Bloating and heaviness of the intestine appears in the patient due to insufficient processing of food by enzymes.
• Signs of hyperacidity. The patient develops sour belching and constipation.

A patient with an acute ulcer has a sudden decrease in body weight. This is due to the fear of eating,
that precede the onset of pain.

Causes of stomach ulcers

There are two main causes of stomach ulcers:

• Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium, under favorable conditions for life, destroys the gastric mucosa and
  duodenum.
  It inactivates local protective factors. This cause predominantly causes a mucosal defect.
  Patients become infected by contact-household when dishes and other household items are contaminated with saliva.
  infected person with poor processing. To prevent this infection, it is recommended
  wash your hands and use only clean utensils.
• Increased acidity of gastric juice. This pathological condition appears with increased
  release of hydrochloric acid. It erodes the lining of the stomach. Subsequently, a defect is formed.

About 60% of people are infected with Helicobacter pylori, but not all suffer from stomach ulcers. The onset of the disease is associated
with predisposing factors. These include the following:

• psycho-emotional overstrain, leading to increased production of hydrochloric acid;
• hereditary predisposition to the formation of stomach ulcers;
• bad habits – smoking, alcohol abuse, coffee stimulate the production of gastric juice;
• chronic gastritis – with a long-term inflammatory process, ulcers form more easily on the mucous membrane;
• violation of the diet with long breaks between meals;
• the use of spicy foods, as well as the abuse of sour, rough foods, contributes to the formation
  mucosal defects.

Long-term use of certain drugs also causes destruction of the lining of the stomach (non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, etc. ).

Types of stomach ulcers

There are several types of stomach and duodenal ulcers. These include the following varieties:

• Perforated. With this form, a through hole appears in the wall of the organ. A message is formed between the stomach
  and abdominal cavity. Remains of food mixed with acid enter the abdominal cavity.
  They provoke inflammation in these tissues.
• Stress. The main reason for its development is the activation of the hypothalamus. The body produces
  adrenocorticotropic hormone. It helps to reduce the production of mucus in the stomach and reduce its quality.
  These substances block the restoration of the mucosa, cause an increase in the level of histamine.
  They provoke a deterioration in the blood supply to the mucous membrane.
  The acid-peptic balance is disturbed due to increased exposure to the vagus nerve.
• Antral. They are found in young people. It occurs in the stomach at the border with the duodenum.
  It is manifested by frequent vomiting with a sour taste, heartburn, paroxysmal pain, heaviness in the abdomen.
• Cardiac. This disease is rarely diagnosed in patients. It causes pain after eating.
  Disturbed by a bitter taste in the mouth, frequent belching, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach with an empty stomach.
  With this pathology, plaque appears on the tongue, as well as left-sided pleurisy. Most often it is found in men.
  A severe form of the disease is treated only surgically.
• Medicinal. Education appears during treatment with certain drugs – corticosteroids, salicylates,
  anti-inflammatory agents. With prolonged use of these drugs, ulcers and erosions form.
  These ulcers cause bleeding and severe pain.
• Chronic. This type of disease occurs with a slow long course.
  This form is registered in a third of ulcers. Its main symptoms include severe heartburn,
  dyspeptic disorders, nausea and vomiting after eating, heaviness, severe pain.
  Seasonal exacerbations are typical for the disease.
• Calleznaya. It often degenerates into stomach cancer, localized on the lesser curvature.
  It is open for a long time, there are no signs of scarring. Occurs on the basis of a chronic ulcer.
  Its main manifestations are severe pain, nausea and vomiting. It is treated mainly with the help of operations.
• Peptic. It is located on the lower part of the stomach. Occurs as a postoperative complication.
  The main role in the formation of the defect is played by Helicobacter infection and treatment with certain drugs.
  The main symptoms are intense pain that occurs on an empty stomach, nausea, vomiting with blood clots,
  diarrhea with blood, weight loss, loss of appetite.
• Mirror. The defect is formed at the site of existing inflammation, more often in the lower part of the stomach.
  It deepens under the influence of gastric juice. Captures several layers of the stomach wall at once.
  With this form, severe pain does not stop for a long time. These lesions are difficult to heal.
• Endocrine. It is formed with a sharp increase in gastric secretion, which occurs due to increased
  gastritis level. The lesion has typical ulcer symptoms. The defeat appears suddenly and sharply.
  It is difficult to respond to all types of treatment.

Often ulcerative lesions occur against the background of other somatic diseases: cirrhosis, renal failure,
hepatitis, pathology of the pancreas, as well as the cardiovascular system.

Complications of gastric ulcer

Bleeding is the most common complication. If the vessel inside the ulcer is damaged, and at first the patient does not feel anything.
The stomach fills with blood, then vomiting appears. All bleeding is manifested by signs of blood loss: drops
blood pressure, pale skin, severe weakness and shortness of breath.

When bleeding from an ulcer located in the duodenum, dark stools appear. In addition to bleeding
There are other complications of this disease:

• Perforation. It appears when all layers of the gastric wall of the stomach are destroyed, and then through perforation.
  This requires mandatory surgical intervention.
• Penetration. This is the germination of an ulcer through the wall of the stomach into nearby organs. Most often affected
  pancreas, rarely liver damage. Symptoms of an ulcer are associated
  manifestations of acute pancreatitis.
• Stenosis of the outlet part of the stomach. It appears when the ulcer is localized in this area.
  Food does not pass from the stomach to the intestines. For treatment, surgical intervention is performed,
  restoring the patency of the body.
• Perigastritis. Inflammation forms around the ulcer. Then adhesions form on the outside of the stomach.
  with other organs. This leads to deformation of the stomach.
• Malignancy. A malignant tumor forms at the site of the ulcer. This complication rarely occurs.
  It is life-threatening for the patient.

In the event of a sudden change in the symptoms of an ulcer, seek immediate medical attention,
since many complications threaten the life of the patient.

Diagnosis of gastric ulcer

When diagnosing peptic ulcer, the anamnesis and complaints of the patient are carefully collected.
During physical examination, the abdomen is palpated, revealing the tension of the anterior abdominal wall in the epigastric region.
To detect lesions, the following methods of examination of the gastrointestinal tract are used:

• blood test for detection of antibodies to Helicobacter Pylori;
• pH-metry of gastric juice;
• x-ray examination of the stomach;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Diagnostics is carried out with microscopy of a biopsy sample taken from the affected area of ​​the gastric mucosa.
For this, a gastroscopy is performed. A biopsy is taken during endoscopic examination and examined
to determine Helicobacter pylori.

Treatment of stomach ulcers

Drug therapy for gastric and duodenal ulcers must be combined with diet.
The patient should be treated by gastroenterologists, therapists and surgeons. The doctor selects for each patient
individually necessary groups of drugs, as they have their own characteristics.

Treatment regimens

Treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers is carried out depending on the severity of the disease and
survey results. Prescribe a treatment that includes three or four drugs from two groups.
Destroy Helicobacter pylori with antibiotic therapy.

In case of complications (perforation, perforation, stenosis) and severe
carry out surgical treatment, since it is not cured with medication. This is why he is hospitalized.
to the Department of Surgery.

Diet

Diet therapy is a mandatory treatment for gastric and duodenal ulcers. Special diet for ulcers
assigned to each patient. Be sure to exclude alcohol, strong coffee. It is impossible for a person to eat and drink hot.
You need to change your eating habits. Eat only sparing food for the gastric mucosa.
It should not increase the secretion of gastric juice.

For diet, rough, cold, hot, spicy, bitter foods are excluded from the diet. Fatty, fried and salty foods are prohibited.
Do not recommend the use of canned food, sausages. Foods that increase appetite should also be avoided.

Food must be warm. It is served in liquid, as well as mashed form.
It is useful to eat boiled or steamed dishes.
Here’s what you can eat: slimy soups, cereals, mashed potatoes, steam cutlets and the like.
Outside of exacerbation, the diet can be slightly expanded. The patient should eat small meals up to 5 times a day.
The daily calorie content for the diet is reduced to 2 thousand kcal per day.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies are actively used as part of complex therapy. They do not replace the main treatment. Before using these funds, you must always consult with your doctor.

Prevention of gastric ulcers

When identifying a predisposition to the development of peptic ulcer, it is recommended to avoid stress.
A good night’s sleep cannot be neglected. It is recommended to give up bad habits and excessive coffee consumption.
It is necessary to cure all inflammatory processes in the body in a timely manner. Proper and regular nutrition is important.

Conclusion

Stomach and duodenal ulcer is a rather serious disease. It threatens the development of numerous
complications that are life-threatening. Therefore, in no case should you self-medicate.
It is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Similar articles:

Gastritis – symptoms, causes, treatments

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