What is pertussis and how does it spread. What are the stages of whooping cough symptoms. How can you prevent and treat whooping cough. What are the vaccination recommendations for different age groups. How long is the contagious period for pertussis.

Understanding Pertussis: The Basics of Whooping Cough

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. This serious lung condition is characterized by severe coughing fits, often followed by a distinctive “whooping” sound as the person struggles to catch their breath. While it can affect individuals of all ages, whooping cough poses a particularly grave threat to infants with underdeveloped airways, potentially leading to life-threatening complications.

The infection spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The contagious period typically begins with the onset of cold-like symptoms and can last up to three weeks after the coughing starts. However, if appropriate antibiotics are administered, the person usually becomes non-infectious after five full days of treatment.

Recognizing the Stages of Whooping Cough

Whooping cough symptoms typically manifest in three distinct stages:

1. Catarrhal stage (1-2 weeks): Characterized by mild cold-like symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, and occasional cough.
2. Paroxysmal stage (1-2 months): Marked by severe coughing fits, often followed by the characteristic high-pitched “whoop” sound. Patients may experience vomiting, brief periods of breathing cessation, and even turn blue due to lack of oxygen.
3. Convalescent stage (weeks to months): A gradual recovery phase where coughing fits become less frequent, though they may recur with subsequent respiratory illnesses.

It’s important to note that symptoms usually appear 7 to 10 days after exposure, but the incubation period can range from 4 to 21 days. In rare cases, it may take up to 6 weeks for symptoms to develop. Vaccinated individuals or those with partial immunity may experience milder symptoms, potentially leading to underdiagnosis and continued transmission of the disease.

Complications Associated with Whooping Cough

While whooping cough can be severe for anyone, infants and young children are at the highest risk for developing serious complications. These may include:

• Pneumonia
• Middle ear infections
• Dehydration
• Seizures
• Encephalopathy (altered brain function)
• Apnea (brief periods when breathing stops)
• In severe cases, death

Other potential complications include loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, and fainting. The prolonged and violent nature of the coughing fits can also lead to physical strain, potentially causing rib fractures or abdominal hernias in severe cases.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Pertussis

Antibiotics play a crucial role in both the treatment and prevention of whooping cough. The most commonly recommended antibiotics include:

• Azithromycin
• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (as an alternative)

Early antibiotic treatment is most effective in reducing the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as limiting the contagious period. For individuals exposed to whooping cough, prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent the development of the disease.

In addition to antibiotics, supportive care is essential, especially for infants and young children. This may include:

• Ensuring proper hydration and nutrition
• Monitoring for breathing difficulties
• Suctioning of mucus from the airways
• In severe cases, hospitalization for oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation

Vaccination: The Cornerstone of Whooping Cough Prevention

Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for preventing whooping cough. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a comprehensive vaccination schedule for individuals of all ages:

DTaP Vaccine for Infants and Young Children

The DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, is recommended for children in the following schedule:

• 2 months of age
• 4 months of age
• 6 months of age
• 15-18 months of age (booster)
• 4-6 years of age (booster)

Tdap Vaccine for Adolescents and Adults

The Tdap vaccine, a booster shot that also protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, is recommended for:

• Preteens at 11-12 years of age
• Adults who have not previously received Tdap
• Pregnant women during the third trimester of each pregnancy
• Healthcare workers with direct patient contact

Adults should receive a tetanus and diphtheria (Td) booster every 10 years, with one of these boosters being replaced by the Tdap vaccine.

Special Considerations for Whooping Cough Prevention

Certain groups require particular attention when it comes to whooping cough prevention:

• Pregnant women: Vaccination during the third trimester of each pregnancy helps protect newborns until they can receive their own vaccinations.
• Caregivers and close contacts of infants: Parents, grandparents, siblings, and other caregivers should ensure they are up-to-date with their pertussis-containing vaccines to create a “cocoon” of protection around vulnerable infants.
• Travelers: As whooping cough occurs worldwide, it’s crucial for travelers to be fully vaccinated before their trips.
• Underimmunized children: Children aged 7-10 who are not fully immunized with DTaP should receive a catch-up dose of Tdap.

Whooping Cough Vaccine Requirements for School Attendance

Many educational institutions have specific requirements for pertussis vaccination:

• Prekindergarten (Day Care, Head Start, or Nursery): 4 age-appropriate doses
• Kindergarten through 5th grade: 5 doses, or 4 doses with the 4th dose at 4 years of age or older, or 3 doses if the series starts at 7 years of age or older
• Grades 6 through 12: 3 doses of DTaP/Tdap, plus one additional dose of Tdap for students enrolling in 6th grade

These requirements may vary by region, so it’s essential to check with local health departments or school districts for specific guidelines.

Managing Whooping Cough Exposure

If you or a family member has been exposed to whooping cough, it’s crucial to take immediate action:

1. Contact your local health department, doctor, or clinic for guidance.
2. If you’ve had close contact with an infected person, you may be prescribed preventive antibiotics.
3. Monitor for symptoms, particularly in high-risk individuals such as infants or those with compromised immune systems.
4. If symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly to begin appropriate treatment.

Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms and limit the spread of the disease to others.

The Global Impact of Whooping Cough

Whooping cough remains a significant global health concern, despite widespread vaccination efforts. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 24.1 million cases of pertussis worldwide each year, resulting in about 160,700 deaths, primarily in developing countries with low vaccination rates.

Several factors contribute to the ongoing prevalence of whooping cough:

• Waning immunity: Protection from both natural infection and vaccination decreases over time, leaving adolescents and adults susceptible to reinfection.
• Incomplete vaccination: Some individuals may not receive all recommended doses, reducing the effectiveness of the vaccine.
• Vaccine hesitancy: Misinformation about vaccine safety has led some parents to delay or refuse vaccination for their children.
• Bacterial evolution: There is evidence that the B. pertussis bacterium is evolving to become more resistant to vaccine-induced immunity.

These challenges highlight the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates and continuing research into more effective and long-lasting pertussis vaccines.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Whooping Cough Management

The scientific community continues to work on improving our understanding and management of whooping cough. Some areas of ongoing research include:

• Development of more effective vaccines: Researchers are exploring new vaccine formulations that could provide longer-lasting immunity and better protection against evolving strains of B. pertussis.
• Improved diagnostic techniques: Efforts are underway to develop faster and more accurate diagnostic tests, which could lead to earlier detection and treatment of whooping cough.
• Alternative treatment approaches: Scientists are investigating new antibiotics and potential non-antibiotic treatments that could more effectively combat the infection and reduce symptom severity.
• Understanding of pertussis pathogenesis: Ongoing studies aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which B. pertussis causes disease, potentially leading to novel therapeutic targets.
• Optimization of vaccination strategies: Research is being conducted to determine the most effective vaccination schedules and to explore the potential benefits of maternal vaccination in protecting newborns.

These research efforts hold promise for improving our ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat whooping cough in the future.

The Role of Public Health Education in Whooping Cough Prevention

Public health education plays a crucial role in controlling the spread of whooping cough. Key aspects of effective education programs include:

• Raising awareness: Educating the public about the symptoms, risks, and prevention of whooping cough can lead to earlier detection and treatment.
• Promoting vaccination: Clear communication about the importance and safety of pertussis vaccines can help combat vaccine hesitancy.
• Encouraging good hygiene practices: Teaching proper cough etiquette and handwashing can help limit the spread of respiratory infections, including whooping cough.
• Targeting high-risk groups: Tailored education for pregnant women, new parents, and caregivers of infants can help protect the most vulnerable populations.
• Dispelling myths: Addressing common misconceptions about whooping cough and its vaccines can improve public understanding and acceptance of prevention strategies.

By implementing comprehensive public health education programs, communities can work together to reduce the incidence of whooping cough and protect those most at risk from its potentially severe consequences.

In conclusion, whooping cough remains a significant public health concern, but through a combination of vaccination, prompt treatment, and public education, we can effectively manage and prevent this potentially dangerous disease. Staying informed about the latest recommendations and research developments is crucial for healthcare providers, policymakers, and the general public in the ongoing effort to control pertussis.

Pertussis or Whooping Cough Fact Sheet

• Pertussis or Whooping Cough Fact Sheet is also available in Portable Document Format (PDF)

What is pertussis?

Pertussis is also called whooping cough. It is a serious lung infection caused by bacteria. It is also very contagious and causes coughing fits. Whooping cough is most serious for babies with very small airways. It can lead to death.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms usually appear about 7 to 10 days after exposure. But symptoms can appear from 4 to 21 days after a person is infected. It is rare but it can take up to 6 weeks to develop symptoms. Some people have milder symptoms, especially if they have been vaccinated.

Symptoms appear in 3 stages:

• Stage one lasts 1-2 weeks: runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, mild occasional cough. It may look like the common cold but the cough begins to get worse.
• Stage two can last 1-2 months: Cough becomes more severe. There are coughing fits that can be followed by a high- pitched whoop. The whoop means the person is trying to catch their breath. Sometimes a person will turn blue and vomit mucus or food. They also may have brief periods when they stop breathing.
• Stage three may last weeks to months: Recovery phase is when a person slowly gets better. Coughing fits can come back if the person gets another respiratory illness.

What are the complications of whooping cough?

Complications of whooping cough are more common in infants and young children. They may include pneumonia, middle ear infection, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, fainting, dehydration, seizures, altered brain function (encephalopathy), brief periods when breathing stops and death.

How long is a person with whooping cough contagious?

A person with whooping cough can pass it to others as soon as they get cold-like symptoms. They can also pass it up to 3 weeks after they start coughing. If the infected person takes an appropriate antibiotic, they will not spread the germ after 5 full days of treatment.

What is the treatment?

Antibiotics can prevent and treat whooping cough. Recommended antibiotics include azithromycin, erythromycin and clarithromycin. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole can also be used.

If my child or another family member has been exposed to whooping cough, what should I do?

Call your local health department, doctor or clinic for advice. If you have close contact with an infected person, you will be given the same medicines used to treat whooping cough. This will help prevent you and others from getting sick.

What is the best way to prevent whooping cough?

The best way to prevent whooping cough is to get vaccinated.

We recommend that all children and adults get a pertussis-containing vaccine.

• The recommended pertussis vaccine for infants and children is called DTaP. This protects children against 3 diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis).
• DTaP shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. To maintain protection, boosters are also given at 15 through 18 months and 4 through 6 years of age.
• 7- to 10-year-olds who are not fully immunized with DTaP, should get a Tdap vaccine which protects against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis).
• Preteens going to the doctor for their regular checkup at 11 or 12 years of age should get a booster dose of Tdap. If a preteen did not get this Tdap at 11 to 12 years, they should be vaccinated at their next doctor visit.
• All adults 19 and older who have not received a Tdap vaccine, need a booster shot.
• Adults should receive a tetanus and diphtheria (Td) booster every 10 years. They should also substitute a Tdap vaccine for one of the boosters. The Tdap can be given earlier than the 10-year spacing.
• It is very important for adults to make sure they are up-to-date with their pertussis-containing vaccines if they spend any time with infants. This includes parents, grandparents, siblings, babysitters, relatives and friends.
• Pregnant women should receive Tdap in the third trimester of every pregnancy to pass immunity to their newborn until the baby is old enough to begin shots at 2 months of age.
• Travelers should be up-to-date with pertussis-containing vaccines before they travel. Whooping cough occurs everywhere in the world.
• Health care staff who have direct contact with patients should get a single dose of Tdap if they have not already received it.

What are the whooping cough vaccine requirements for school attendance?

• Prekindergarten (Day Care, Head Start, or Nursery): 4 doses (age-appropriate)
• Kindergarten through 5th grade: 5 doses, or 4 doses with the 4th dose at 4 years of age or older. Or, 3 doses if they start the series at 7 years of age or older
• Grades 6 through 12th grade: 3 doses
• Grades 6 to 12: one dose of Tdap (required for students enrolling in grades 6 to 12 who have not previously received Tdap at 7 years of age or older)

What should I do if I’m not sure I received whooping cough vaccine?

Check with your doctor. An adolescent or adult without documentation of having received a primary series of at least three doses of tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines in their lifetime should receive this series. The first dose should be Tdap. The remaining two doses should be adult formulation Td.

What should I or my family do to prevent whooping cough if we travel out of the country?

Whooping cough is still common in the United States and in many other countries. Make sure that you and your children are fully vaccinated before traveling.

• Adults 19 or older should receive a single dose of Tdap vaccine. Confirm with your doctor that you have received the vaccine for pertussis.
• Infants, children and adolescents should be up-to-date with pertussis-containing vaccines as described above.

Additional Information

• Travel and whooping cough (CDC.gov)
• Learn more about whooping cough (CDC.gov)
• How can I find out about whooping cough outbreaks? (CDC. gov)
• More information about vaccine-preventable diseases

Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know

Facts on pertussis for parents of children in child care, school and other activities.

Download PDF version formatted for print: Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know (PDF)

• Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know in Hmong (PDF)
• Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know in Russian (PDF)
• Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know in Somali (PDF)
• Pertussis: What Parents Need to Know in Spanish (PDF)

On this page:
What is pertussis?
What are the symptoms of pertussis?
How is pertussis spread?
When and for how long can a person spread pertussis?
How can pertussis be prevented?
Is there a lab test for pertussis?
How long should someone with pertussis stay home from school or work?
More tips

What is pertussis?

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a persistent cough illness. Anyone of any age can get pertussis.

What are the symptoms of pertussis?

The first symptoms of pertussis are similar to a cold. After a week or two, the cough worsens and may occur in sudden, uncontrollable bursts. Sometimes coughing will lead to vomiting or a high-pitched whoop sound when breathing in. Persons with pertussis may seem well between coughing spells. These spells become less frequent over time, but may continue for several weeks or months until the lungs heal.

How is pertussis spread?

Pertussis bacteria are spread through droplets produced during coughing or sneezing. These droplets don’t travel very far through the air and usually only infect persons nearby.

When and for how long can a person spread pertussis?

Persons with pertussis can spread it to others for the first 3 weeks of coughing or until they complete 5 days of antibiotic treatment, whichever occurs first.

How can pertussis be prevented?

Vaccination is the best way to prevent pertussis. Vaccination against pertussis is part of the regularly recommended childhood vaccines. A pertussis vaccine booster is also recommended for adolescents and adults. Ask your health care provider for more information.

Persons who have been vaccinated for pertussis may still get pertussis disease, but will generally have a milder illness.

Antibiotics are sometimes recommended to prevent pertussis in close contacts of someone with pertussis, such as household members.

Is there a lab test for pertussis?

Yes, but only if someone has symptoms. Most commonly, the nasal passage is swabbed and the swab is examined for the presence of pertussis bacteria. Sometimes a test using blood will be done to look for an immune response.

How long should someone with pertussis stay home from child care, school, work, etc.?

Persons with pertussis should stay home from child care, school, work, and other activities until they have finished 5 days of antibiotics, unless they have already been coughing for 3 or more weeks.

More tips

• Wash your hands often.
• Stay at home if you are ill.
• When coughing, cover your mouth with a tissue or cough into your sleeve.

Whooping cough: symptoms of the disease. Treatment and prevention of whooping cough: modern vaccines

Author

Petrova Marina Nikolaevna

Leading physician

Pediatrician

Creation date: 2016.02.05

9000 2
Whooping cough is a disease caused by a specific bacterial infection, most dangerous in childhood, especially before 2 years of age. A typical manifestation of whooping cough in children is severe spasmodic coughing fits.

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Causes of whooping cough

Whooping cough

Whooping cough is transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period is from 3 to 14 days (usually 5-7 days). The causative agent of whooping cough quickly dies in the external environment. Therefore, for example, for the room where the patient was, no special treatment is required – it is enough to ventilate it properly, and just wash the dishes and toys with soap and water.

However, whooping cough is a highly contagious disease. When in contact with a sick person (a distance of 2 meters is considered critical), the probability of becoming infected is very high (more than 70%). The smallest particles of mucus that carry the infection fly out when coughing, talking, crying (crying) of the child and enter the respiratory system with air.

The prevalence of whooping cough is also facilitated by the fact that the disease often occurs in a blurred form. Similarly, whooping cough occurs in adults or against the background of vaccination. An infection that causes a habitual and fearless cough in an adult, being transmitted to a child who does not have immunity to whooping cough, can cause him a typical form of the disease. Even a newborn can get sick, since antibodies to the whooping cough pathogen are not transmitted from mother to child.

The patient is contagious from the 1st to the 25th day of illness. However, with timely treatment, the duration of the infectious period can be reduced.

Whooping cough symptoms

The onset of the disease resembles the usual acute respiratory disease: the temperature rises slightly, nasal discharge appears, and a rare dry cough. In the future, the cough intensifies, acquiring a spasmodic character.

Runny nose

Whooping cough usually begins with the appearance of mucous discharge from the nose. They may appear even before the temperature rises. The child starts sneezing and coughing.

More about the symptom

Temperature

At the beginning of the disease, as a rule, there is a slight increase in temperature – up to 37-37.5 °C.

More about the symptom

Cough

In the first stage of the disease, the cough is dry and rare. Traditional for ARVI methods of treating cough with whooping cough do not help, the cough gradually intensifies. After 10-14 days from the onset of the disease, spasmodic coughing attacks typical of whooping cough are observed.

Such an attack looks like a series of coughing shocks, followed by a deep whistling breath. Then – new coughing shocks. This cycle can be repeated several times (from 2 to 15 – depending on the severity of the disease). The cough is not easy; the child’s face may turn blue, the neck veins swell. He sticks out his tongue; this may injure the frenulum of the tongue. Infants may stop breathing. The attack ends with the release of a small amount of vitreous sputum or vomiting. The number of such attacks can reach up to 50 per day.

The period of spasmodic cough lasts 3-4 weeks. After that, the cough (already normal, not spasmodic) persists for another 2-3 weeks.

More about the symptom

Methods for diagnosing whooping cough

To accurately diagnose the disease, make an appointment with the specialists of the Family Doctor network.

Whooping cough treatment

Whooping cough treatment

The causative agent of whooping cough is sensitive to antibiotics only at the beginning of the disease (before the period of spasmodic cough). If the disease has already passed into this phase, treatment is aimed mainly at reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. To do this, if possible, eliminate the influence of irritating agents that cause coughing. The child needs to be outdoors more often, to be in a ventilated room. It is also important to remove the allergic reaction caused by toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria.

The younger the sick child, the more severe the disease. Even death is possible. Therefore, it is very important to protect your child by vaccinating against whooping cough. Even if the vaccinated child subsequently becomes ill (there is such a possibility), the disease will proceed in a smoothed form, without painful spasmodic attacks.

Medical treatment

Antibiotics kill the whooping cough pathogen. However, as a rule, this occurs relatively late, since whooping cough is often not recognized at the beginning of the disease. By the time antibiotics are used, the pathogen usually already affects the cough receptors in the brain. Therefore, the cough continues even after the destruction of the pertussis bacillus.

Expectorants, antihistamines, sedatives, and other drugs may also be used in the treatment of whooping cough. Their action is aimed at preventing possible complications, but they cannot speed up getting rid of cough.

Vaccination

Vaccination against whooping cough is included in the National and Regional vaccination schedules, immunization of children begins at 3 months of age and consists of several consecutive vaccinations. By contacting JSC “Family Doctor” about immunization against whooping cough, you guarantee that the vaccine will be of the proper quality, and that the actions of the medical staff will be professional and qualified.

If your child is vaccinated against whooping cough, you should consult a pediatrician.

More about the treatment method

Do not self-medicate. Contact our specialists who will correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment.

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Whooping cough, incubation period, consequences after illness. How is whooping cough transmitted?

Perhaps every adult in our country knows how dangerous whooping cough is. It is believed that this is primarily a childhood disease. But adults are also often infected. Whooping cough is a dangerous infectious disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by bouts of spasmodic coughing. Immunocompromised people and those who are in close contact with sick people are at risk of infection.

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact a specialist.

Incubation period

The time from infection to the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease has its own characteristics. The duration of the incubation period for whooping cough ranges from 3 to 14 days. The main clinical symptom of the disease is cough. In the initial period, he does not have characteristic specific features. The picture of the disease is a bit like SARS. Although the general condition of the patient remains unchanged, the temperature with whooping cough is normal, there is no pain and loss of strength.

With the progression of the disease, the cough gradually increases, acquiring a persistent, paroxysmal, so-called typical character. Usually coughing fits are a series of successive expiratory shocks. Then they are replaced by a convulsive whistling breath and again several expiratory thrusts. During an attack, a person can cough from 2-3 to 20 times. The attack usually subsides after the release of viscous viscous sputum. In addition, there are other signs:

• Redness of the face;
• Neck vein swelling;
• Lachrymation.

Many patients have an increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, sleep disturbance, general anxiety, vasospasm, hemorrhage.

How is whooping cough transmitted?

It is quite easy to catch whooping cough. From the moment the first signs appear, the patient is dangerous to others for a month. Infection occurs by airborne droplets when:

• Cough;
• Sneezes;
• Very close communication.

The distance from the source of infection can be even a couple of meters. The most vulnerable to penetration are the upper respiratory tract. It should be noted that there is no contact method of transmission. Whooping cough is very unstable in the external environment and quickly dies. That is, toys, clothes, dishes do not require special treatment.

Susceptibility to whooping cough in people who do not have immunity is very high. Infection during the neonatal period is especially dangerous. The older the person, the easier the disease. There have been cases of recurrence in the elderly. But the course of whooping cough at this age was so mild that it almost did not differ from a small cold.

Causes of the illness

A number of causes affect the possibility of becoming infected with whooping cough. The main ones include:

• Contacts with infection carriers;
• General weakening of the immune system;
• Predisposition to diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

The age of the patient is also considered by doctors among the factors of infection. The younger the patient, the easier it is for him to catch whooping cough, the disease is more difficult to endure. Of the hundreds of children who get whooping cough in the first year of life, 1-2% die. Unfortunately, there is no innate immunity for this infection. The only effective way to prevent the disease is vaccination, although it has a short-term effect. Scientists disagree on whether natural immunity is persistent and whether re-infection is possible. It used to be thought that recurrence was extremely rare. Recent studies have shown that immunity after illness remains from 7 to 20 years.

Which doctor will help?

Whooping cough is a disease that is difficult to treat. Much depends on the time of diagnosis, since the main therapy is effective only in the initial stage of the disease. At the slightest suspicion of infection, you should contact such doctors as:

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1. Examines;
2. Examine the external signs of the disease;
3. Will give a referral for tests.

Usually, clinicians talk about the need for swabs and cultures from the nose and throat, as well as a blood test for whooping cough antibodies. If infection with whooping cough is confirmed, then only an infectious disease specialist prescribes special treatment. Achievements of modern medicine allow the vast majority of patients to be treated on an outpatient basis. Indications for hospitalization in the hospital in the first place will be:

• Neonatal period;
• Complications;
• The severity of the form of leakage.

The main treatment for whooping cough, like other infectious diseases, is antibiotic therapy. It should be noted that this type of therapy is effective in the catarrhal period of the disease. Also, antibiotics significantly reduce the degree of contagiousness of the patient. For successful treatment, the patient needs a sparing regimen, an age-appropriate diet, vitamins and mineral complexes. During the period of convalescence, physiotherapeutic procedures, breathing exercises, and massage are indicated.

What is the temperature during illness?

It is believed that body temperature is one of the brightest indicators of human health. Unlike some other acute infections, the temperature in whooping cough can range from normal to subfebrile, in rare cases reaching up to 38.5 ºС.

This is the main difficulty in diagnosing the disease. Since the clinical picture resembles a common cold, patients are reluctant to turn to specialists. Many people prefer to self-medicate. Doctors strongly recommend paying attention to coughing in the absence of fever. Seeking help early can prevent serious complications from whooping cough.

Complications after whooping cough

Whooping cough, like many infectious diseases, is dangerous due to its complications. Complications are by nature very insidious and unpredictable. It seems that the disease has already been defeated, but problems appear, fraught with consequences. It happens that complications are asymptomatic, but they still weaken an already depleted body.

The same often happens with whooping cough. Complications after the disease are most often associated with pertussis infection or secondary flora. It can be:

• Pneumopertussis;
• Pulmonary atelectasis;
• Bronchitis;
• Pneumonia;
• False croup;
• Damage to the cardiovascular system;
• Encephalopathy.

In addition to those listed above, other complications may occur. Due to the tension of the abdominal muscles during coughing, intra-abdominal pressure increases, which leads to the formation of hernias and prolapse of the rectal mucosa.

Cases have been reported of severe coughing resulting in broken ribs and damage to the eardrum. Another bacterial infection can join whooping cough, and, as a result, inflammatory processes in the middle ear, otitis media, may occur.

For young children, the most terrible thing during a coughing fit can be a violation of the rhythm of breathing until it stops. This and convulsions as the cause of brain damage can lead to tragic consequences. Complications after whooping cough indicate that this is a rather serious disease.

Whooping cough: consequences after illness

With timely detection of infection and properly selected therapy, the consequences of whooping cough have little effect on a person’s later life. However, they should not be taken lightly. In some young patients, as a consequence of a severe course of the disease, the following were noted:

• Delays in psychomotor development;
• Speech disorders;
• Hearing loss.

If you do not listen to the recommendations of specialists and do not adhere to all the prescriptions of doctors, you can get a tendency to various diseases of various etiologies.