How does fever help fight infections. Why do we feel cold during a fever. What causes chills when body temperature rises. When should you seek medical attention for fever and chills. How long do fevers typically last.

The Science Behind Fever and Chills

Fever is a common symptom of various illnesses, often accompanied by the paradoxical sensation of feeling cold. This phenomenon, while seemingly contradictory, is actually a testament to the human body’s sophisticated defense mechanisms against pathogens.

What Causes Fever?

Fever occurs when the body elevates its internal temperature setpoint in response to an infection or other threats. This increase in body temperature creates an inhospitable environment for many pathogens, impeding their ability to reproduce and survive.

Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, explains, “Part of our immune system’s response against infection includes raising the body’s temperature to diminish the ability of microbes to reproduce.” This evolutionary adaptation has proven effective in combating various infectious agents over millions of years.

Why Do We Feel Cold During a Fever?

The sensation of feeling cold during a fever is a result of the body’s thermoregulatory process. When the brain raises the internal temperature setpoint, the current body temperature suddenly becomes lower than this new “ideal” temperature. Consequently, we experience chills as the body works to generate additional heat to reach the elevated setpoint.

Dr. Nate Favini, medical director of Forward, elaborates on this process: “Feeling chilled then prompts you to start shivering and even shaking as your body tries to generate heat to raise your temperature by making your muscles contract.” This involuntary muscle activity serves as a rapid method of heat production.

Common Causes of Fever and Chills

Fever and chills can be triggered by various factors, ranging from common infections to more serious medical conditions. Understanding the potential causes can help in identifying the underlying issue and seeking appropriate treatment.

• Viral infections (e.g., common cold, influenza)
• Bacterial infections (e.g., strep throat, urinary tract infections)
• Respiratory infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Gastrointestinal infections (e.g., gastroenteritis)
• Systemic infections (e.g., mononucleosis, appendicitis)
• Inflammatory disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease)
• Certain medications or illegal drugs
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis)
• Some types of cancer

It’s important to note that while fevers are most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, the presence of other symptoms can help narrow down the specific cause.

Duration and Severity of Fever and Chills

The duration of fever and chills can vary significantly depending on the underlying cause. In some cases, these symptoms may resolve within a day, while in others, they can persist for weeks or even months.

How Long Does a Typical Fever Last?

For most common viral infections, fevers typically last for a few days. However, the exact duration can vary based on several factors:

1. The specific pathogen causing the infection
2. The individual’s immune system response
3. Any treatments or medications being used
4. Presence of complications or secondary infections

Dr. Adalja notes, “In some cases with a mild viral illness, a fever can last for a day, or it can last for weeks to months with systemic infections.” This wide range emphasizes the importance of monitoring other symptoms and seeking medical advice when necessary.

Managing Fever and Chills at Home

For mild to moderate fevers (between 100째F and 102째F) in otherwise healthy adults, home care is often sufficient. Here are some strategies to manage fever and chills:

• Rest: Allow your body to focus its energy on fighting the infection
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
• Dress appropriately: Use light clothing and blankets to avoid overheating
• Over-the-counter medications: Consider fever reducers if discomfort is significant

It’s crucial to remember that while you may feel cold, your body’s internal temperature is elevated. Experts at UPMC/University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences advise against using heavy blankets or clothing, as this can lead to overheating.

Should You Take Medication for Fever?

The decision to take medication for fever depends on various factors. Mayo Clinic experts suggest that it’s often best to let a moderate fever run its course in otherwise healthy adults, as the elevated temperature aids in fighting the infection. However, if discomfort is significant, over-the-counter fever reducers can be considered.

Always follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or underlying health conditions.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While most fevers resolve on their own, certain situations warrant medical attention. It’s important to recognize the signs that indicate a need for professional evaluation.

When Should You Call a Doctor for Fever?

According to Mayo Clinic experts, you should contact your doctor if your temperature reaches 103째F (39.4째C). Additionally, the Merck Manual recommends seeking medical advice if:

• You have a serious medical condition that could make a moderate fever more dangerous
• The fever lasts more than 24-48 hours
• You experience unusual or alarming symptoms alongside the fever

What Are the Red Flags That Require Immediate Medical Attention?

Certain symptoms accompanying fever and chills necessitate immediate medical care. These include:

• Changes in mental function or confusion
• Severe headache or neck stiffness
• Unusual skin rashes, particularly small, purplish-red spots
• Low blood pressure
• Rapid heart rate or breathing
• Shortness of breath
• Recent travel to areas with high risk of serious infectious diseases
• Recent use of immunosuppressive drugs

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical help promptly.

The Role of Fever in the Immune Response

While fever can be uncomfortable, it plays a vital role in the body’s defense against pathogens. Understanding this process can help alleviate concerns about moderate fevers and guide decisions about when to intervene.

How Does Fever Help Fight Infections?

Fever aids in combating infections through several mechanisms:

1. Creating an inhospitable environment for pathogens
2. Enhancing immune cell function
3. Increasing the production of infection-fighting proteins
4. Slowing down the replication of viruses and bacteria

These effects collectively contribute to a more efficient immune response, potentially shortening the duration of illness.

Is It Always Necessary to Reduce a Fever?

Contrary to common belief, it’s not always necessary or beneficial to reduce a fever. In many cases, allowing a moderate fever to run its course can facilitate faster recovery. However, fever reduction may be appropriate in certain situations, such as:

• Severe discomfort
• Risk of dehydration
• History of febrile seizures
• Underlying health conditions that may be exacerbated by fever

Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice on managing fever, especially if you have concerns or underlying health issues.

Prevention and Long-term Health Considerations

While fever and chills are often unavoidable symptoms of infections, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of illness and maintain overall health.

How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Infections?

Implementing good hygiene practices and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly lower your risk of infections that cause fever and chills:

• Wash hands frequently and thoroughly
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals
• Stay up-to-date on vaccinations
• Maintain a balanced diet rich in nutrients
• Get adequate sleep and manage stress
• Exercise regularly to boost immune function

What Are the Potential Long-term Effects of Recurrent Fevers?

While occasional fevers are a normal part of the immune response, frequent or prolonged fevers may indicate underlying health issues. Potential long-term effects of recurrent fevers include:

• Weakened immune system
• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Chronic fatigue
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Impact on overall quality of life

If you experience recurrent fevers, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to identify and address any underlying causes.

Understanding the mechanisms behind fever and chills can help you navigate these common symptoms with greater confidence. By recognizing when to seek medical attention and how to support your body’s natural defense mechanisms, you can optimize your recovery and maintain overall health. Remember, while fever and chills can be uncomfortable, they are often signs that your immune system is actively working to protect you.

Why Do We Get Chills With Fever?

That bizarre sensation of shivering while you’re burning up with fever is actually your body’s way of helping you recover faster.

By Kristen StewartMedically Reviewed by Justin Laube, MD

Reviewed: July 6, 2020

Medically Reviewed

Paying close attention to your other symptoms can help you figure out the cause of your fever and the right treatment.Shutterstock; iStock

We’ve all been there: burning with fever — and shivering with chills at the same time. It turns out that what feels like an odd internal thermostat malfunction is actually a sign that your body is fighting off an infection.

The first thing to understand is that most viruses and bacteria have a hard time surviving above normal human body temperature, which can vary by age, activity, and time of day, but is generally accepted as 98.6 degrees F, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In fact, even just a one- or two-degree hike in temperature can stop many invading microorganisms in their tracks. So it’s no wonder that over millions of years, fever evolved as a means of helping the body defend itself. “Part of our immune system’s response against infection includes raising the body’s temperature to diminish the ability of microbes to reproduce,” explains Amesh Adalja, MD, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in Baltimore.

What Makes You Feel Colder When Your Body Is Hotter?

It’s actually a normal physiological response. As soon as your brain shifts its internal thermostat to a higher set point to fight off an infection, the rest of your body goes to work trying to generate extra heat to meet that higher temperature goal. Suddenly, you’re technically below your new “ideal” core temperature, so you feel cold.

Feeling chilled then prompts you to start shivering and even shaking “as your body tries to generate heat to raise your temperature by making your muscles contract,” explains Nate Favini, MD, medical director of the nationwide healthcare system Forward.

How Long Do Fever and Chills Last in Adults?

The length of a fever — and any accompanying chills — can vary significantly depending on its cause. “In some cases with a mild viral illness, a fever can last for a day, or it can last for weeks to months with systemic infections,” says Dr. Adalja.

The best thing to do is play detective to determine the source of your fever based on other signs and symptoms of your illness, he says. Possible causes abound, including colds and the flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, appendicitis, gastroenteritis, mononucleosis, ear infections, sinus infections, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

While fevers are usually caused by viruses, other conditions that can spike your temperature include certain inflammatory disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn’s disease, as well as cancer and blood clots (deep vein thrombosis). Even certain medication such as penicillin, sulfa drugs, and antipsychotics can trigger a fever, as can some illegal drugs such as cocaine, according to the Merck Manual.

What Should You Do When You Have the Chills and Fever?

Fevers in adults and the chills that go hand in hand generally resolve within a few days, note Mayo Clinic experts. If your temperature is mildly elevated — between 100 degrees F and 102 degrees F — and you have no other worrisome symptoms (see below), simply rest and drink plenty of fluids to keep from becoming dehydrated.

However, even though you feel cold on the outside, you should keep clothing and blankets light to prevent overheating because inside your body is very hot, say experts at UPMC/University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

If your temperature hits 103 degrees F, Mayo Clinic experts advise you to contact your doctor. Per the Merck Manual, you should also consult him or her if:

• You have a serious medical condition that could make a moderate fever more dangerous, such as a heart or lung disorder
• A fever lasts more than 24–48 hours

Seek medical help immediately if anything unusual or alarming accompanies the fever and chills, such as any of these symptoms:

• A change in mental function, such as confusion
• A headache, stiff neck, or both
• Flat, small, purplish red spots on the skin, which indicate bleeding under the skin
• Low blood pressure
• Rapid heart rate or rapid breathing
• Shortness of breath
• Recent travel to an area where a serious infectious disease such as malaria is common
• Recent use of drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressants)

What Medication, if Any, Should I Take?

Because fever helps the body defend against infection and because a moderate fever itself is not dangerous, Mayo Clinic pros say it’s often best for otherwise healthy adults to let one run its course.

If you’re uncomfortable, however, consider taking an over-the-counter fever reducer, such as Tylenol (acetaminophen), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or Aleve (naproxen). Follow instructions on the label precisely for proper dosage.

Also be careful not to take more than one medication containing acetaminophen, which is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter medications, including cough and cold remedies. Acetaminophen can cause serious harm to the liver if you take too much.

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Fever and Chills When Sick: What Are Chills?

What are the chills?

If you’ve ever had a high temperature, there’s a good chance you’ve also experienced that strange phenomenon of suddenly feeling very cold or shivery, even though your body is hot¹. That feeling is known as ‘the chills’ and they are most commonly associated with fever (a temperature of above 103°F in adults), since chills often happen when the body is about to experience a rise in temperature^1,2 and the shivering feeling caused by the chills is simply the result of rapid muscle contractions. These contractions are your body’s way of warming itself up when it’s feeling cold.¹

Chills are more common in children than adults, since children are more likely to develop a higher fever than the average grown-up.¹

What causes fever with chills?

Since chills are so directly linked with fever, they will most likely share the same cause. A low grade (slight) or high grade fever is your body’s natural response to a viral or bacterial infection. Your body tries to fight off the infection by stimulating your immune system, raising your temperature to help prevent any viruses or bacteria from thriving.³

Some common illnesses that may cause fever and chills include: ⁴

• colds or the flu,
• kidney or urinary tract infections (UTIs),
• bronchitis,
• strep throat,
• ear infections.

If you’re suffering with the flu, you may experience common symptoms such as fever, chills (often sudden fever and chills, since flu symptoms tend to come on very quickly), headaches, body aches and fatigue – as well as other respiratory symptoms.⁷

Learn more about what colds and the flu look like.

What causes chills but no fever?

There are a few reasons you might experience chills but not fever. Firstly, as mentioned above, chills can often predict a fever or an oncoming rise in the body’s temperature, so it’s possible that you will experience chills and no fever at first, before the fever actually comes on.¹

Other potential causes of chills that are not related to fever or infection may include:

• Being too cold. Yes, it can be that simple. Since chills are the body’s way of trying to increase your temperature, shivering may merely be the result of a freezing winter’s night or being in a room that’s too cold. Your body could just be turning on its natural heating system.¹
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This is most common in people who have diabetes. If blood sugar levels become too low it can cause shakiness, which often looks similar to the chills.⁵
• Panic attacks. Feelings of extreme anxiety can cause serious physical, as well as psychological, distress. Symptoms of a panic attack may include chills, sweats, chest pain, dizziness, heart palpitations and shortness of breath.⁵
• Night sweats and chills. Your body is constantly regulating its own temperature, even while you sleep. Most of us know the unpleasant feeling of waking up in the night either freezing cold or feeling so hot it’s as if the room is on fire; moving between chills and sweats. These are ‘night sweats’, and they may occur if your bedroom gets too hot at night, as your body tries to cool you down. The same goes when your bedroom is too cold; you may get the chills as your body shakes to try to get warm again. ⁶
• Stomach flu (gastroenteritis). If you’re suffering from stomach pain and chills, there’s a good chance you have a stomach flu. Despite the name, gastroenteritis isn’t caused by the same virus as the regular flu, but by other types of viruses, bacteria or toxins. It can cause terrible stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, headaches and body aches – and of course, fever and chills.⁸

Treatment – relieving fever

Suffering through fever and its associated chills can be extremely unpleasant, and you may be wondering how to break a fever – or at least reduce it. Thankfully, most fevers will go away naturally within a few days, but there are some simple steps you can take in the meantime to help feel better:^{3, 9}

• Try a fever-reducing medicine. An over-the-counter medicine like paracetamol or ibuprofen can help to reduce fever. Theraflu Multi-Symptom Severe Cold Hot Liquid Powder will help to both reduce fever and get to work on your worst cold and flu symptoms – including cough, headache, body aches, sore throat pain and congestion.
• Drink plenty of fluids. This will help to cool your body down and prevent dehydration.
• Get plenty of rest. Allow your body some time to recover and stay home from work or school.
• Take a lukewarm bath. Do not try to make yourself colder with a cool or cold bath. You can also apply damp washcloths with slightly warm water to your forehead for some relief.
• Dress lightly. Wear loose and comfortable clothing, even if you have chills.

It’s important to note that these treatment options are only recommended for fever in older children and adults. Seek immediate medical attention if your child is under 3 months old and has a fever of above 100.4°F, or if they are 3-6 months old and have a fever of above 102°F.¹⁰

• References

  1. Chills. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003091.htm. Accessed 30/06/20.

  2. Fever (Symptoms & causes). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759. Accessed 30/06/20.

  3. Fever in adults. NHS Inform. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/fever-in-adults. Accessed 30/06/20.

  4. Fever: possible causes. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/10880-fever/possible-causes. Accessed 30/06/20.

  5. 5 Reasons Why You Might have the Chills. Keck Medicine, University of Southern California. https://www.keckmedicine.org/5-reasons-why-you-might-have-the-chills/. Accessed 01/07/20.

  6. Shivering and sweating at night. National Sleep Foundation. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bedroom-environment/touch/shivering-and-sweating-night. Accessed 01/07/20.

  7. Flu symptoms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/symptoms.htm.  Accessed 01/07/20.

  8. Gastroenteritis. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12418-gastroenteritis. Accessed 01/07/20.

  9. Treating fever in adults. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/treating-fever-in-adults. Accessed 01/07/20.

  10. Fever in children. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fever-in-children/. Accessed 01/07/20.

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Why chills happen and what to do about them

Likbez

Health

November 28, 2018

If you’re shivering, make sure it’s not fatal.

Chills is a physiological reaction of the body to a spasm of superficial blood vessels. Most often, fine shivering is caused by cold. However, chills also have much more unpleasant causes.

Why there is chills at a temperature

After hypothermia, the most common cause of chills is fever. Doctors define this condition as an increase in temperature to 37.7 ° C and above.

Fever itself can be a symptom of a huge number of diseases, including bacterial infections and various inflammatory processes in the internal organs. However, most often we encounter it when we fall ill with ARVI or the flu.

The mechanism of chills in fever is simple. Trying to overcome the infection, the body raises the temperature – this is detrimental to many viruses and bacteria. To speed up the warm-up and keep the heat inside, superficial blood vessels spasm and trembling starts. Therefore, when the temperature rises rapidly, the person looks pale and is desperately shivering.

Why there is chill without fever

1. Cold

It is the cold that causes blood vessels to contract to keep heat inside the body. In response, the body begins to intensively contract and relax the muscles in order to warm up.

You don’t have to jump out into the cold half-dressed to get chilly. A sudden change in temperature is enough (for example, when you go from a hot street into a room with a working air conditioner) or a slight gust of wind when you are wearing wet clothes.

2. Taking medications

Some medications, including over-the-counter medications, cause excessive sweating and chills. These side effects are written in the instructions for use.

Combination or overdose of drugs can also cause shivering.

By the way, for this reason, elderly people often get chills. They take an impressive range of all kinds of drugs, not really reading the instructions.

3. Extreme physical activity

When you run a marathon, swim a kilometer, or do your best in any other way, your muscles generate a lot of heat. Because of this, the body heats up and begins to cool down with the help of sweating.

The temperature difference between the skin and the surrounding air often causes chills. Most often, athletes get chills on too hot (when the body is actively sweating) or too cold days.

4. Endocrine disorders

Constant feeling of cold and associated chills are common symptoms of hypothyroidism (reduced production of thyroid hormones). Due to a lack of hormones, the body cannot effectively regulate temperature. Therefore, it tries to retain heat by spasming the subcutaneous blood vessels and starting to shiver.

5. Menstruation and menopause

Significant hormonal fluctuations also occur in these situations.

6. Hypoglycemia

This is the name given to a sudden drop in blood sugar levels. It may occur for various reasons. For example, you overexerted yourself physically or psychologically. Or sit on a too rigid diet, in which the body does not have enough glucose. Or you suffer from diabetes, but your doctor made a mistake with the dosage of the medicines.

With hypoglycemia, we experience acute weakness, including muscle weakness. Exhausted muscles begin to tremble, chills appear.

Hypoglycemia is a dangerous condition. If the blood sugar level continues to drop, it can lead to damage to the nervous system up to epileptic convulsions, loss of consciousness and coma.

7. Malnutrition

It has the same effect as hypoglycemia. But in this case, muscle weakness is caused by a lack of not only glucose in the blood, but also other nutrients.

If you have regular chills due to diet or weight loss, be sure to see your doctor. After all, after the chills come a breakdown, hair loss, inability to conceive, insomnia, depression and even anorexia, which can be fatal. You need to normalize your diet as soon as possible.

8. Stress and emotional overstrain

Stress increases the level of adrenaline. Among other things, this hormone causes spasm of superficial vessels and, as a result, trembling. That is why people “already shake” when they are angry or very worried.

How to treat chills

Given the variety of causes, there is no general treatment algorithm. It is necessary to act depending on the situation:

• If you are cold, drink hot tea, try to warm up and relax. This will remove the spasm.
• If you have chills due to an infection and fever, see your doctor and follow his advice.
• If you are overextended physically or emotionally, allow yourself a few minutes of relaxation: take a breath, calm down.
• If you regularly experience chills, see your doctor to rule out hormonal imbalances, developing diabetes, or nutritional deficiencies.

Read also 😨😬😑

• 6 signs that dizziness is life threatening
• How to know if you have parasites
• What will happen to you after giving up sugar

Is the body hot?” — Yandex Q

12.7 K

Alexey Paramonov

gastroenterologist, therapist, PhD, founder and director of the Rassvet Clinic · 1 Jan 2016

When the temperature rises, it is a protective process – fever. Fever is externally manifested by a rise in temperature. But on the part of the body, this is a meaningful action. At a temperature of 39degrees and above, the reproduction of the vast majority of microbes is inhibited. At the same time, the processes in the immune system proceed faster, the body seeks to shorten the period until it can secrete antibodies against the attacked microbe, and until then it destroys it with non-specific means, both molecular, neutralizing the microbe and blocking its spread, and physical – temperature. At the same time, the body turns on a program of fine muscle tremors, which produces a lot of heat and constricts the vessels on the periphery in order to keep this heat inside. Therefore, when the temperature rises, a person is pale and shaking, he is cold, this is called chills. Then the second phase occurs – fever – when a person sweats, the skin turns red, he is hot, the temperature drops.

I note that the sensation of heat or cold will depend not on the temperature numbers, but on its vector: it rises – chills, decreases – fever.

Since fever is a defensive reaction, it does not have to be dealt with directly. Antipyretics should be taken only if you are physically very ill from a high temperature, the numbers do not matter, except in rare cases when they go over 41. But this does not happen with household infections, leave these situations to the doctor.

Masha Gushchina

January 3, 2016

Very interesting answer! Thank you!!

Lesena Sekretovna

dC` 8 Oct 2021

In plain language.
There is a guard in your body, its name is Immunity. He constantly checks his possessions and if he sees an intrusion. Then his soldiers Pyrogens are sent to the Hypothalamus and are like this: “Dude, we have a virus here that cannot exist for a long time at a temperature of 39 degrees, well, move the toggle switch in the center of thermoregulation from the norm towards heat production … Read more

Alsu Almukhametova

March 29

It was very interesting, bravo 👏😄

First

Mikhail Smolin

neurologist, cephalologist 2 Jan 2016

In the human body, and more specifically in the hypothalamus, there is a group of cells that for body temperature. These cells measure the body’s actual temperature and compare it with the currently set normal temperature.
The “chip” is that the normal temperature is not constant. In case of illness (viral infection, inflammation, etc.), substances are released that this … Read more

First

Bo Rdo

I plant good, I do justice.
Philosopher, psychologist, aspiring artist and… 29 Mar 2017

In your question, you answered it yourself. The body temperature rises, but the environment does not. That’s why we feel chills. And the higher the temperature, the more chills. Therefore, by the way, doctors do not advise to wrap up, but, on the contrary, to cool the body in every possible way in order to avoid overheating of the body.

Petr Ivanov

March 29, 2017

Thank you! I’m just sick, so it became interesting. And now I don’t sleep, I’m shaking, I ate 2 tablets, I’m waiting for the temperature to subside. )

Oleg Stiranets

May 3, 2018

High temperature and cold, what to do, what pills do you need to help? January 21 2021

Aspirin

Alexander Sterligov

Psychiatrist 29Mar 2017

To fight infections, the body has developed a protective mechanism – fever. With an increase in body temperature, most disease-causing microbes cannot reproduce and function normally.