What is vaginal discharge and why does it occur. How can you tell if your discharge is normal or a sign of infection. What are the common causes of excessive vaginal discharge and how can it be prevented. Learn about the different types of vaginal infections and their symptoms.

Understanding Vaginal Discharge: A Natural Bodily Function

Vaginal discharge is a normal and essential bodily function that helps maintain vaginal health. It is produced by glands in the vagina and cervix, consisting of fluid and old cells from the vaginal lining. This discharge serves as the body’s natural cleaning mechanism, keeping the vagina healthy and free from harmful bacteria.

The characteristics of vaginal discharge can vary throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle. It is typically clear or milky in color and odorless. The consistency and amount of discharge may change depending on various factors, including:

• Ovulation
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Sexual arousal
• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding

Recognizing Normal vs. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

While vaginal discharge is a normal occurrence, changes in its characteristics can sometimes indicate an underlying issue. It’s important to be aware of what’s normal for your body and recognize potential signs of concern.

Normal Discharge Characteristics:

• Clear or milky white in color
• Odorless or with a mild, non-offensive scent
• Consistency changes throughout the menstrual cycle
• Amount varies but remains relatively consistent for each individual

Signs of Abnormal Discharge:

• Sudden increase in amount
• Change in color (yellow, green, gray, or blood-tinged)
• Foul or fishy odor
• Accompanied by itching, burning, or irritation
• Thick, cottage cheese-like consistency

Is excessive discharge always a cause for concern? Not necessarily. Some women naturally produce more discharge than others. However, if you notice a sudden increase or any of the abnormal signs mentioned above, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional.

Common Causes of Increased Vaginal Discharge

Various factors can contribute to an increase in vaginal discharge or changes in its characteristics. Understanding these causes can help you identify potential issues and seek appropriate treatment when necessary.

1. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, or while using hormonal contraceptives can affect the amount and consistency of vaginal discharge. These changes are usually normal and don’t require medical intervention.

2. Infections

Several types of infections can cause changes in vaginal discharge:

• Yeast infections
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Trichomoniasis
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea

3. Hygiene Practices

Certain hygiene habits can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to increased discharge or infections:

• Douching
• Using scented feminine hygiene products
• Wearing tight, non-breathable underwear

4. Medical Conditions

Some medical conditions can affect vaginal health and discharge, including:

• Diabetes
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Cervical cancer (in rare cases)

Identifying Common Vaginal Infections

Three of the most common vaginal infections that can cause changes in discharge are yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics and symptoms.

Yeast Infections

Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans. They are characterized by:

• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
• Intense itching and irritation
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse

Are yeast infections sexually transmitted? While they can be passed between sexual partners, yeast infections are not typically considered a sexually transmitted infection. They often occur due to factors like antibiotic use, hormonal changes, or a weakened immune system.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there’s an imbalance in the natural bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms include:

• Thin, grayish-white discharge
• Fishy odor, particularly after sexual intercourse
• Mild itching or burning

Can bacterial vaginosis clear up on its own? In some cases, BV may resolve without treatment. However, it’s generally recommended to seek medical attention, as untreated BV can increase the risk of other infections and complications.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite. Its symptoms often include:

• Frothy, yellowish-green discharge
• Unpleasant odor
• Itching and irritation
• Pain during urination or intercourse

Is trichomoniasis always symptomatic? No, many people with trichomoniasis don’t experience any symptoms. This makes regular STI testing crucial for sexually active individuals.

The Impact of Hygiene Practices on Vaginal Health

Maintaining proper hygiene is essential for vaginal health, but some common practices can actually do more harm than good. Understanding the impact of these practices can help you make informed decisions about your personal care routine.

The Dangers of Douching

Douching, the practice of cleaning the vagina with a liquid solution, is often marketed as a way to feel “fresh” or clean. However, it can have several negative effects:

• Disrupts the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina
• Increases the risk of vaginal infections
• Can spread existing infections further into the reproductive tract
• May increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Is douching ever necessary for vaginal health? No, the vagina is self-cleaning and does not require douching. In fact, douching can interfere with this natural process and lead to health issues.

Proper Hygiene Practices

To maintain vaginal health, consider the following hygiene tips:

• Wash the external genital area with mild, unscented soap and water
• Avoid using scented products in the genital area
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
• Change out of wet or sweaty clothes promptly

When to Seek Medical Attention

While some fluctuations in vaginal discharge are normal, certain symptoms warrant a visit to your healthcare provider. It’s important to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent changes in the color, odor, or amount of discharge
• Itching, burning, or irritation in the vaginal area
• Pain during urination or sexual intercourse
• Bleeding or spotting between periods
• Any symptoms that concern you or impact your quality of life

How will a healthcare provider diagnose the cause of abnormal discharge? Your doctor will likely perform a pelvic exam, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and may take a sample of the discharge for laboratory testing. This comprehensive approach helps ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Prevention Strategies for Maintaining Vaginal Health

While some factors affecting vaginal discharge are beyond our control, there are several steps you can take to maintain vaginal health and reduce the risk of infections:

1. Practice good hygiene: Clean the external genital area gently with mild soap and water.
2. Wear breathable underwear: Choose cotton or other natural, breathable fabrics.
3. Avoid irritants: Stay away from scented products, harsh soaps, and douches.
4. Practice safe sex: Use condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
5. Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet can support overall vaginal health.
6. Stay hydrated: Proper hydration helps maintain the body’s natural balance.
7. Wipe correctly: Always wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
8. Change out of wet clothes: Don’t sit in wet swimsuits or sweaty workout gear for extended periods.
9. Avoid tight-fitting clothing: Opt for looser fits to allow air circulation.
10. Manage stress: High stress levels can impact vaginal health indirectly.

Can probiotics help maintain vaginal health? Some studies suggest that probiotic supplements or foods rich in beneficial bacteria may help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome. However, more research is needed to fully understand their impact. If you’re considering probiotic supplements, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider first.

Understanding the Link Between Vaginal Health and Overall Well-being

Vaginal health is an integral part of a woman’s overall well-being, and its importance extends beyond just preventing infections. A healthy vaginal environment can impact various aspects of life, including:

• Sexual health and satisfaction
• Fertility and reproductive health
• Emotional well-being and self-confidence
• Quality of life

How does vaginal health relate to mental health? The connection between physical and mental health is well-established, and vaginal health is no exception. Chronic vaginal issues can lead to stress, anxiety, and even depression. Conversely, mental health challenges can sometimes manifest as physical symptoms, including changes in vaginal health.

The Importance of Regular Check-ups

Regular gynecological check-ups are crucial for maintaining vaginal and overall reproductive health. These visits allow for:

• Early detection of potential issues
• Personalized advice on vaginal health
• Updates on new research and recommendations
• Opportunity to discuss any concerns or questions

How often should you have a gynecological check-up? The frequency of check-ups can vary based on age, medical history, and individual risk factors. Generally, it’s recommended that women have an annual gynecological exam, but your healthcare provider can advise on the best schedule for you.

Empowering Women Through Education

Understanding your body and its natural processes is a crucial step in maintaining good health. By learning about vaginal discharge and other aspects of reproductive health, women can:

• Recognize potential problems early
• Make informed decisions about their health
• Feel more comfortable discussing concerns with healthcare providers
• Advocate for their health needs

How can women stay informed about vaginal health? Reliable sources of information include healthcare providers, reputable health websites, educational programs, and evidence-based books on women’s health. It’s important to seek out accurate, up-to-date information and to discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional.

In conclusion, vaginal discharge is a normal and essential aspect of female physiology. By understanding what’s normal for your body, practicing good hygiene, and seeking medical attention when needed, you can maintain optimal vaginal health. Remember, your body is unique, and what’s normal for one person may not be for another. Trust your instincts, stay informed, and don’t hesitate to reach out to healthcare professionals with any concerns. Your vaginal health is an important part of your overall well-being, deserving attention and care.

Vaginal Discharge – Causes and Prevention

What is vaginal discharge?

Glands inside your vagina and cervix make small amounts of fluid. This fluid flows out of the vagina each day, carrying out old cells that have lined the vagina. Vaginal discharge is completely normal. This is your body’s way of keeping your vagina healthy and clean.

Symptoms of vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge is usually clear or milky and doesn’t smell bad. The color and thickness of the discharge change with your monthly cycle. The discharge is thicker when you ovulate (when one of your ovaries releases an egg), when you breastfeed, or when you’re sexually excited.

What changes may be a sign of a problem?

Changes that may signal a problem include an increase in the amount of discharge, a change in the color or smell of the discharge, and irritation, itchiness, or burning in or around your vagina. This is called vaginitis. A discharge that’s stained with blood when you’re not having your period could also be a sign of a problem. If you have any of these signs, you should talk to your doctor.

You should also be on the lookout for symptoms of yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. These are 3 different infections that can cause changes in your vaginal discharge

Signs of yeast infections

• White, cottage cheese-like discharge
• Swelling and pain around the vulva
• Intense itching
• Painful sexual intercourse

Signs of bacterial vaginosis

• A white, gray, or yellowish vaginal discharge
• A fishy odor that is strongest after sex or after washing with soap
• Itching or burning
• Slight redness and swelling of the vagina or vulva

Signs of trichomoniasis

• A watery, yellowish, or greenish bubbly discharge
• An unpleasant odor
• Pain and itching when urinating
• Most apparent after your period

What causes vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a completely normal part of how your body maintains a healthy vagina. But changes can occur if the normal balance of healthy bacteria (germs) in your vagina is upset. Many things can disturb the balance of a healthy vagina, including:

• Douching (cleaning the vagina with a liquid solution)
• Feminine hygiene sprays
• Certain soaps or bubble baths
• Antibiotics
• Diabetes
• Pregnancy
• Infections

How can douching be harmful?

The chemicals in douches may irritate your vagina and change the normal balance of germs in your vagina. Douching can also spread an infection into the uterus, increasing your risk of getting pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID is an infection of the fallopian tubes that can cause you to be unable to have children.

Douching isn’t necessary to keep your body clean. Smells you may notice usually come from outside the vagina (vulva). Keeping this area clean with gentle soap and water can prevent smells.

How is vaginal discharge diagnosed?

If your vaginal discharge increases, changes color or odor, or is suddenly itchy or irritated, see your doctor. You may have a yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, or trichomoniasis. Your doctor will need to examine you to make a diagnosis. The exam will include questions about your symptoms. Your doctor will also perform a pelvic exam to look for swelling and discharge. Your doctor will probably also collect a sample of the discharge to send to the lab.

What is a yeast infection?

Small amounts of yeast fungus are often found in a healthy vagina. But if too much grows, it can cause a yeast infection. Yeast infections usually aren’t caught from a sex partner. You may be more likely to get a yeast infection if you are using antibiotics, are pregnant, have diabetes, or stay hot and sweaty for long periods. Some women get frequent yeast infections for no obvious reason.

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis is usually caused by Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria. Why some women get this infection isn’t clear. It’s probably not caught from a sex partner.

What is trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis is caused by an organism called Trichomonas vaginalis. You can be infected but have no signs for a long time. Trichomoniasis is usually caught by having sex without a condom with someone who is infected.

What about other infections?

Two sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia and gonorrhea, can also cause vaginal discharge. These are infections of the cervix caused by bacteria. Sometimes the only symptom may be an increase of vaginal discharge. Both of these infections can be treated with antibiotic shots or pills.

Can vaginal discharge be prevented or avoided?

There is no need to prevent normal vaginal discharge. However, abnormal vaginal discharge may be prevented by following these tips.

• After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back. This may help prevent getting bacteria from your rectal area into your vagina.
• Wear cotton underpants during the day. Cotton allows your genital area to “breathe.” Don’t wear underpants at night.
• Avoid wearing tight pants, pantyhose, swimming suits, biking shorts, or leotards for long periods.
• Change your laundry detergent or fabric softener if you think it may be irritating your genital area.
• The latex in condoms and diaphragms and the sperm-killing gels that are used for birth control can be irritating for some women. If you think one of these things is a problem for you, talk to your doctor about other types of birth control.
• Avoid hot tubs.
• Bathe or shower daily and pat your genital area dry.
• Don’t douche.
• Avoid feminine hygiene sprays, colored or perfumed toilet paper, deodorant pads or tampons, and bubble bath.

Vaginal discharge treatment

There are different treatment methods, depending on what is causing the abnormal vaginal discharge.

How are yeast infections treated?

Yeast infections are usually treated with a medicine you put into your vagina. Yeast infections can also be treated with oral medicine.

If you have yeast infections often, your doctor may suggest you use a medicine you can buy without a prescription. But if you have any questions about what’s causing your vaginitis, you should call your doctor. Many other things besides a yeast infection can cause vaginitis. 

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

Bacterial vaginosis is treated with antibiotic medicine, usually a pill.

How is trichomoniasis treated?

It’s usually treated with oral antibiotics.

Should my sex partner be treated?

Sometimes. Talk to your doctor if you’re sexually active. You may also need to avoid having sex or use condoms until you’ve been treated.

Living with vaginal discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge is completely treatable. However, it may reoccur— sometimes with regularity. Some women suffer from frequent yeast infections. Vaginosis can also keep coming back. If so, talk to your doctor. It could mean you need a longer treatment period.

Questions to ask your doctor

• What is the likely cause of the changes in my vaginal discharge?
• Do I need any tests, such as tests for sexually transmitted infections?
• What do my test results mean?
• Based on the cause of my symptoms, what treatment do you recommend?
• Will I need medicine? How do I take it?
• When can I expect relief from my symptoms?
• Will my sexual partner need treatment?
• Is it safe for me to have sex?

Resources

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Is it normal to have vaginal discharge?

National Institutes of Health, MedlinePlus: Vaginal itching and discharge—adult and adolescent

Why do I have so much discharge? 7 causes

Regular vaginal discharge is a sign of a healthy female reproductive system. Excess vaginal discharge can occur due to arousal, ovulation, or infections.

Normal vaginal discharge contains a mixture of cervical mucus, vaginal fluid, dead cells, and bacteria. Females may experience heavy vaginal discharge from arousal or during ovulation.

This articles discusses why someone may have heavy vaginal discharge and what they can do about it.

Share on PinterestArousal, ovulation, and hormonal imbalances can each cause heavy discharge.

Sexual arousal triggers several physical responses in the body. Arousal increases blood flow in the genitals. As a result, the blood vessels enlarge, which pushes fluid to the surface of the vaginal walls.

Arousal fluid is clear and watery with a slippery texture. This fluid helps lubricate the vagina during sex.

Other signs of female arousal include:

• increased heart rate and breathing
• flushing of the face, neck, and chest
• swelling of the breasts
• erect nipples

Cervical fluid is a gel-like liquid that contains proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The texture and amount of cervical fluid both change throughout a female’s menstrual cycle.

For example, after menstruation, cervical fluid has a thick, mucus-like texture. It can be cloudy, white, or yellow.

Estrogen levels increase closer to ovulation. This causes the cervical fluid to become clear and slippery, similar to that of raw egg whites.

Cervical fluid discharge increases during the days leading up to ovulation and decreases after ovulation. Females may have no discharge for a few days after their period.

Hormonal imbalances related to stress, diet, or underlying medical conditions can cause heavier vaginal discharge.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), for example, refers to a set of symptoms that occur as a result of hormonal imbalances. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), PCOS affects up to 5 million females in the United States.

Those with PCOS have higher levels of male hormones called androgens. Increased androgen levels can:

• change the amount or texture of cervical fluid
• cause irregular periods
• prevent ovulation

Not everyone with PCOS will have increased vaginal discharge. Paying attention to other PCOS symptoms may help someone identify and seek treatment for the condition faster.

Some other symptoms of PCOS to look out for include:

• fewer than eight periods in 1 year, or periods that occur every roughly 21 days
• excess facial and body hair
• thinning hair or hair loss
• acne on the face and body
• weight gain
• darkening of the skin on the neck, groin, or breasts
• skin tags on the armpits or neck

Hormonal birth control, such as birth control pills and intrauterine devices, can also cause increased vaginal discharge, especially during the first few months of use.

Excess vaginal discharge and other symptoms, such as spotting and cramping, usually resolve once the body adjusts to the hormonal birth control.

Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vagina, which can occur from an infection or irritation due to factors such as douches, lubricants, and ill-fitting clothing.

Vaginitis can cause thick vaginal discharge that may be white, gray, yellow, or green.

Other symptoms of vaginitis include:

• foul vaginal odor
• an itching or burning sensation in the genital area
• redness or inflammation of the vagina
• pain or discomfort when urinating
• pain during sexual intercourse

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that results from an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. This vaginal infection is the most common among females aged 15–44 years.

The exact cause of bacterial vaginosis remains unclear. Females can develop bacterial vaginosis after sexual intercourse. However, this condition is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

According to the Office on Women’s Health, those who have bacterial vaginosis may notice a milky or gray-colored vaginal discharge. Some also report a strong, fishy vaginal odor, especially after sexual intercourse.

Bacterial vaginosis can also cause:

• discomfort when urinating
• painful burning or itching in the vagina
• irritation of the skin around the vagina

Vaginal yeast infections result from an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. Females of all ages can develop a vaginal yeast infection, and nearly 70% will have a yeast infection at some point in their lives.

The most common symptom of a vaginal yeast infection is an intense itching in the vagina and vulva.

Vaginal yeast infections can also cause an odorless vaginal discharge that looks similar to cottage cheese.

Vaginal yeast infections are treatable at home using over-the-counter antifungal ointments. Symptoms should improve within a few days. However, severe infections can last longer and may require medical treatment.

Trichomoniasis is an STI caused by a parasite. Females can develop trichomoniasis after having sex with someone who has the parasite.

Although most people who have trichomoniasis do not experience symptoms, some may have an itching or burning sensation in the genital area.

Trichomoniasis infections can also cause excess vaginal discharge that has a foul or fishy odor and a white, yellow, or green color. It may also be thinner than usual.

Healthy vaginal discharge varies from person to person. It also changes throughout their menstrual cycle.

In general, healthy vaginal discharge can appear thin and watery or thick and cloudy. Clear, white, or off-white vaginal discharge is also perfectly normal.

Some females may have brown, red, or black vaginal discharge at the end of their menstrual periods if their vaginal discharge still contains blood from the uterus.

Natural hormonal changes during ovulation can cause an increase in vaginal discharge, which should return to normal after ovulation.

It is not always necessary to see a doctor about excessive vaginal discharge. However, a female may want to consider seeing their doctor if their vaginal discharge has an abnormal appearance.

Yellow, green, gray, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge could indicate an infection. Other reasons to see a doctor include:

• itching or burning near the genitals
• discomfort or pain when urinating
• discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse

Treating excess vaginal discharge depends on the underlying cause.

People can reduce symptoms of vaginitis by avoiding the source of irritation. Doctors can treat bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections using antibiotics or antifungals.

Doctors can also treat trichomoniasis using antibiotics. The CDC recommend that females wait 7–10 days after receiving treatment before having sex.

Treatment for PCOS varies depending on the individual. A doctor may recommend a combination of lifestyle changes and medications to help people manage their symptoms and regulate their hormone levels.

Maintaining a healthy body weight and eating a varied diet low in added sugars may also help improve some symptoms of PCOS. Birth control pills that contain estrogen or progestin can help balance out excess levels of androgens.

Even healthy vaginal discharge can cause discomfort at times. Here are some tips for managing heavy vaginal discharge:

• Wear panty liners. However, be sure not to let them become too moist, as this can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and vaginitis.
• Choose breathable underwear made from natural fibers such as cotton.
• Avoid wearing tight pants.
• Avoid using hygiene products that contain added fragrances, coloring agents, or other harsh chemicals.
• Keep the genital area clean and dry.
• Wipe from the front to the back when using the bathroom.

Excess vaginal discharge can occur as a result of arousal, ovulation, or infections. Normal vaginal discharge ranges in color from clear or milky to white.

The consistency of vaginal discharge also varies from thin and watery to thick and sticky. Generally, healthy vaginal discharge should be relatively odorless.

A female can speak with a healthcare professional if they notice any symptoms of an infection. Some symptoms to look out for include:

• yellow, green, or gray vaginal discharge
• foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• discharge that looks similar to cottage cheese
• itching or burning in or near the genitals

Doctors can easily treat most vaginal infections using antimicrobial medications. Depending on the severity of the infection, people may see their symptoms improving within a few days to weeks.

Abundant discharge from the nose when exposed to irritants: description of the disease, causes, symptoms, cost of treatment in Moscow

Runny nose due to the action of irritants on the mucous membrane periodically occurs in 20% of people on Earth. Causes of the problem include irritation by mucous dust, allergens (such as plant pollen and animal hair particles) and air temperature. The problem is not as harmless as it might seem at first glance, and without fail requires a visit to the doctor. The specialist identifies the irritant that leads to the appearance of mucous discharge from the nose, and prescribes the necessary treatment.

If therapy is delayed, tissue edema spreads from the nasal mucosa to the auditory tube, causing the patient to complain of hearing loss and pain in the ears. In such a situation, the patient will need additional treatment to eliminate problems with the auditory system.

In children, a runny nose due to allergens is sometimes confused by parents with a cold, which is why proper therapy is not started. Also, due to the imperfection of the immune system in children under 7 years of age, an infectious rhinitis is often added to allergic rhinitis, significantly worsening the patient’s condition.

Types of runny nose

The problem is divided by doctors into 2 forms. Depending on which of them the violation belongs to, treatment is selected. The irritant is detected using a special immunological test.

1. Seasonal allergic rhinitis. The most common form of the disease. With it, mucous copious discharge from the nose is transparent and appears at a certain time every year. This effect is usually observed in case of intolerance to the pollen of certain plants.

2. Persistent allergic rhinitis. The phenomenon is observed year-round and is associated with constant exposure to the body of allergens. In this case, in addition to the flow from the nose, there is also a constant irritation of the eyes, which is manifested by their redness and moderate lacrimation.

The patient can determine the type of allergic rhinitis, depending on the characteristics of its occurrence and duration.

Stages

In the common cold, which occurs due to constant exposure to irritants on the nasal mucosa, there are 4 stages. They are the same for adults and children. The easiest way to solve the problem is at the first 2 stages of its development. With seasonal allergic rhinitis, the progression of the disease and the change in the state of the mucosa are not observed.

1. Vasotic stage. In this state, in addition to the release of clear mucus, there is periodic nasal congestion, which disappears on its own without vasoconstrictor drugs within a few minutes, and less often – 2 hours. At this point, the patient is more concerned about congestion, and not watery mucus.

2. Vasodilation is the second stage in the development of allergic rhinitis, which is characterized by the appearance of a larger volume of mucus and periodic congestion, which cannot be eliminated without drops with a vasoconstrictive effect.

3. Chronic swelling of the mucosa – the third stage, in which reversible changes in the mucosa occur. The discharge of mucus becomes plentiful, it is no longer only watery, but often also opaque, of medium density, whitish. Nasal congestion is permanent and is removed by vasoconstrictor drugs only for a while.

4. Mucosal hyperplasia. The last stage of the disease, when, in addition to the constant abundant secretion of mucus, there is a change in the mucosa, which is its growth. Treatment is surgical, in which the overgrown mucosa is removed.

The doctor, after examining the patient and rhinoscopy, can determine the stage of the disease before carrying out other diagnostic measures.

Differences between runny nose due to irritants and colds

Some patients confuse colds and runny nose, which manifested itself due to the action of irritants on the nasal mucosa. As a result, the disease is treated incorrectly and this causes a deterioration in the condition. If it is not possible to independently determine the cause of abundant mucous discharge from the nose, a mandatory visit to an ENT specialist is required. The doctor will be able to identify why the nose is flowing, and prescribe a therapy that will be effective in a particular case.

A runny nose caused by an irritant is characterized by the presence of the following manifestations, which do not occur with a cold:

• unexpected development – not preceded by general malaise or headache;

• intense itching and burning – felt especially strongly in the back of the nasal passages;

• paroxysmal sneezing – not very strong, but may be prolonged;

• swelling of the eyelids;

• Discharge of large amounts of clear mucus (very rarely white), which is more like water. With a cold, the mucus is yellow and thicker.

With all these manifestations of the disease, it is necessary to consult an allergist, not an otolaryngologist. You should not expect that the problem will go away by itself and will not arise again. If therapy is not carried out, then the mucous discharge will be repeated over and over again at the slightest appearance of an irritant.

Runny nose due to temperature conditions

An allergy can also be to the temperature of the air that a person inhales. Too hot and dry or frozen can easily cause a runny nose. In such a situation, it is not uncommon for a skin manifestation of an allergy to develop simultaneously with a runny nose – rashes and itching.

In case of intolerance to cold, nasal discharge is very profuse and occurs at the moment when there is a sharp drop in air temperature when leaving a warm room to the street and vice versa after a long stay in the cold when entering heat. The appearance of an allergy to cold is associated with a feature of the body, in which, at the time of a change in air temperature, an increased production of cryoglobulin protein occurs, which is why the mechanism of abundant production of mucus and its release is launched. In this case, the person has the impression that fluid is flowing from the nose.

Profuse nasal mucus may also occur when exposed to hot, dry air. In such a situation, the drying of the mucous membrane occurs too quickly, and in order to moisturize it, the body begins to produce an increased amount of mucus. When an allergic reaction occurs, the amount of secretion produced is excessive. As a result, a person develops nasal congestion and flow from it, which cause severe discomfort.

These allergies are also treatable, although more severe than those caused by exposure to irritants such as dust, pollen or hair particles. This is due to the fact that it is impossible to exclude the effect of the allergen on the mucous membranes. Copious mucous discharge from the nose will return from time to time.

Prevention

Prevention reduces the periods of exacerbation of allergic rhinitis. Thanks to her, the disease occurs much less frequently and it is easier to eliminate it. The main preventive measures are as follows:

• daily wet cleaning of the premises;

• change of bed linen at least once a week;

• cessation of active or passive smoking;

• use of an additional filter mesh on the windows.

Once the allergen causing the problem has been identified, living conditions where exposure to it is minimized are required to prevent deterioration.

Douching: harm and benefit? Encyclopedia of IVF Clinics

A healthy woman’s body is never “dirty”. However, for hygienic purposes, some women still practice such a procedure as douching. About why the female body needs it, and how exactly this procedure should be carried out, tells the obstetrician-gynecologist of the maternity hospital No. 6 in St. Petersburg Elena Mikhailovna ABRAMOVA.

Is it true that almost every woman needs douching for daily hygiene?

No, it is not. The body of a healthy woman is never “dirty”. Like the eyes, throat, and mouth, the vagina is lined with a mucous membrane that secretes a viscous secretion. He is the only cleanser. With it, for example, dead cells are brought out. Many women practice douching to get rid of discharge. But some of them, for example, appearing during ovulation, when taking oral contraceptives, are natural and harmless.

This means that if you do not have any infection or sexually transmitted disease, if you are not prone to allergies and do not take oral contraceptives, then your body does an excellent job of cleaning itself, and you do not need anything. It is enough to take a shower every day.

However, infections also lead to discharge. Some of them cause itching and irritation, others do not. Recognizing the cause of discomfort can be difficult. This can only be done by an experienced specialist.

Still, why is daily douching not helpful?

Excessive use increases the risk of allergic reactions and irritates tissues by washing away natural lubrication. In addition, washings can change the acidity so much that it will inhibit the natural microflora.

As a result, uncontrolled reproduction of harmful microorganisms occurs, and the infection can go up the cervical canal into its cavity, fallopian tubes and ovaries. According to American scientists, douching triples the risk of infection and inflammation.

Remember, high concentrations can cause irreversible changes in the mucosa, that is, be harmful. Douching is generally not recommended for women after 40 years of age. They further increase the already existing dryness and can cause irritation.

How do douches differ from each other?

Douche formulations are classified into drug-containing and drug-free formulations. Medicines relieve itching and irritation. Compositions that do not contain medicinal components are used for purely cosmetic and hygienic purposes. Acidifying and alkalizing agents are used to change the acidity of the internal environment. They promote the reproduction of protective microorganisms, which develop better in an acidic environment. And the alkaline solution has the best cleaning effect.

If you use hygiene products only to achieve a feeling of freshness, choose acidified formulas. If you are using douching to deal with discharge, alkaline solutions will work for you.

Which solutions can be used?

If you need a solution for hygiene purposes, Chamomile infusion is a good choice. Brew 1 tablespoon of flowers with a glass of boiling water and infuse for 20 minutes. You can use a 2-3% solution of boric acid, a solution of furatsilina or ordinary baking soda. Dissolve 1 tablet of furacilin or a spoonful of soda in a glass of warm water and the douching infusion is ready. These solutions are absolutely harmless, and their frequent use does not threaten you with anything. But you should not use potassium permanganate and soap – with their frequent use, the mucosa dries out.

When it comes to medicines, it all depends on what problem you have. If you have thrush, then tea tree oil, an infusion of elder flowers will suit you as a solution for douching – you need to take 30 g of the plant per 500 ml of water. It is also useful for colpitis and endocervicitis – inflammation of the vagina and cervix. More recently, hypozol has appeared in pharmacies. It contains sea buckthorn oil and methyluracil, due to which it has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The range of its application is very wide. These are nonspecific vaginitis, colpitis, erosion, endocervicitis. In addition, douching with hyposol improves healing after surgical treatment of erosions. In order to achieve the best effect, I advise you to douche with chamomile infusion 1 hour before using hypozol.

Chlorophyllipt can help you with inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory effect is due to the fact that it contains chlorophylls from eucalyptus leaves. Dilute one spoonful of alcohol solution in 1 liter of warm water.

Vagothyl has a wide spectrum of action. It has a pronounced bactericidal effect, enhances the healing of damaged mucosa, and can also be used as a component in the treatment of trichomoniasis. It well relieves itching and stops bleeding after a biopsy or removal of polyps. For 1 liter of water, 1-3 teaspoons of the drug is enough. Douching can be repeated 2-3 times a day.

Can douching protect against sexually transmitted diseases?

All medicines that are intended for topical use, serve for prevention, or are only one of the components of the treatment of a particular disease, which means that there is no need to hope for a complete cure with the help of douching alone.

Miramistin has proven itself well as a prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. It is a highly effective antiseptic. For emergency prophylaxis, the following scheme is used: no later than 2 hours after accidental contact, after a thorough toilet of the external genitalia, douching of 5-10 ml of Miramistin solution is carried out for 10-15 minutes.

The procedure must be repeated after one hour. But do not put off a visit to the gynecologist if after that you still have some unusual discharge.

Can I douche myself?

It is better to first consult with your doctor whether it is worth doing this in your particular case. If you are performing the procedure yourself, follow the instructions for using ready-to-use solutions. If you are making a home remedy, use lukewarm water, not hot water.

But in any case, self-medication with douching is a risky business. The infection can spread, and it will be much more difficult to cope with it than if a woman, noticing unusual discharge, went to the doctor in time.

Finally, never douche before visiting a gynecologist. You cannot have anything that the doctor has not yet encountered. But your too thorough hygiene procedures can “blur” the whole picture if you have inflammation.

What time of day is best to do this procedure?

If you supplement the course of treatment with douching, then start with twice a day – in the morning and in the evening. As the condition improves – 1 time per day, then every other day and, finally, 1-2 times a week. In total, the course of treatment requires from 7 to 10 procedures. If you douche for a purely hygienic purpose, then choose the time that is convenient for you.

Which position should I choose to douche as efficiently as possible and which syringes should I use?

Esmarch’s mug is traditionally used for douching. It will be quite difficult for you to cope with the latter at home. So entrust this matter to specialists when visiting a gynecologist. At home, a rubber bulb with a tip or a special irrigator is quite suitable for this procedure. It consists not only of the container itself – a cylinder with a tip, but also has a special plastic tube. This allows you to control the flow of fluid from the irrigator by slightly raising or lowering the balloon.

It is important to remember that under no circumstances should douche bottles be used for enemas and vice versa.

Now a little about how to properly douche at home. To do this, the prepared solution is poured into the syringe. To perform this procedure, you can sit in the bathroom. Lie on the bottom of the bath on your back, and put your feet on its edges. You can also take a position above the toilet with bent knees and slightly tilt your torso forward. The tip of a pear or irrigator is inserted into the vagina. This must be done very carefully so as not to damage the mucous membrane or the bladder. The bladder is a particularly vulnerable organ if you douche in a sitting position. So don’t resort to force if you don’t succeed the first time. Even the most “sophisticated” women in this matter can have similar difficulties.