What are the common symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis. How is a yeast infection skin rash diagnosed and treated. What factors contribute to Candida overgrowth on the skin. How long does it take for a fungal skin infection to clear up with proper treatment.

Understanding Cutaneous Candidiasis: A Common Fungal Skin Infection

Cutaneous candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection of the skin, is a widespread fungal condition that affects millions of people each year. This infection occurs when there’s an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast that naturally lives on our skin. While Candida is typically harmless in small amounts, certain factors can lead to its rapid proliferation, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms and visible skin changes.

In the United States alone, fungal skin infections account for over 3.6 million outpatient visits and 26,000 hospitalizations annually. However, these numbers likely underestimate the true prevalence of the condition, as many individuals manage mild cases at home without seeking medical attention.

What causes Candida overgrowth on the skin?

Several factors can contribute to the excessive growth of Candida on the skin, including:

• Weakened immune system due to conditions like pregnancy, diabetes, or HIV/AIDS
• Use of antibiotics or corticosteroids
• Poor hygiene practices
• Excessive moisture on the skin
• Tight-fitting clothing
• Obesity
• Warm, humid weather

Understanding these risk factors can help individuals take preventive measures and recognize when they might be more susceptible to developing a yeast infection on their skin.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Cutaneous Candidiasis

Identifying a yeast infection on the skin is crucial for prompt treatment and relief. The primary symptom of cutaneous candidiasis is a bright red, itchy rash. This rash can develop anywhere on the body but is most common in areas where skin folds create warm, moist environments.

Where does a yeast infection rash typically appear?

Common locations for cutaneous candidiasis include:

• Under the breasts
• In the groin area
• In the armpits
• Between fingers and toes
• In the corners of the mouth
• Around and under the nails

In addition to the characteristic red rash, individuals with cutaneous candidiasis may experience:

• Intense itching
• Skin irritation and pain
• Blistering
• Cracked or scaling skin

If left untreated, the infection can spread to other areas of the body, potentially leading to more severe complications.

Diagnosing Cutaneous Candidiasis: From Visual Inspection to Skin Culture

Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous candidiasis is essential for effective treatment. In most cases, a dermatologist or healthcare provider can diagnose the condition through a visual examination of the affected skin.

How do doctors confirm a diagnosis of cutaneous candidiasis?

The diagnostic process typically involves the following steps:

1. Physical examination of the rash and affected areas
2. Review of the patient’s medical history and risk factors
3. In some cases, a skin culture or scraping may be taken for laboratory analysis

A skin culture can help confirm the presence of Candida and rule out other potential causes of the rash, such as bacterial infections or other fungal species. This step is particularly important in cases where the rash doesn’t respond to initial treatment or presents atypically.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Cutaneous Candidiasis

Treating cutaneous candidiasis involves a multi-faceted approach that addresses both the fungal overgrowth and the underlying factors contributing to its development. With proper care and treatment, most cases of yeast infection on the skin can be resolved within one to two weeks.

What are the primary treatment options for cutaneous candidiasis?

The main components of an effective treatment plan include:

1. Topical antifungal medications: Over-the-counter or prescription creams, powders, or ointments containing antifungal agents like clotrimazole, miconazole, or ketoconazole
2. Proper hygiene practices: Regular washing with mild, fragrance-free soap and thorough drying of affected areas
3. Moisture control: Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing and changing out of damp clothes promptly
4. Dietary modifications: Reducing sugar intake, as Candida thrives on sugar
5. Probiotics: Incorporating probiotic supplements or fermented foods to support a healthy balance of microorganisms in the body

In severe cases or for individuals with compromised immune systems, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Preventing Recurrence: Long-Term Management of Cutaneous Candidiasis

While cutaneous candidiasis is generally treatable, some individuals may be prone to recurrent infections. Implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of future outbreaks.

How can one prevent future yeast infections on the skin?

Key strategies for preventing cutaneous candidiasis include:

• Maintaining good personal hygiene
• Keeping skin dry, especially in areas prone to moisture accumulation
• Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing
• Changing out of wet or sweaty clothes promptly
• Managing underlying health conditions that may weaken the immune system
• Using antifungal powders in areas prone to infection, particularly during warm weather
• Avoiding prolonged use of antibiotics when possible

For individuals with recurring infections, working closely with a healthcare provider to identify and address any underlying factors contributing to Candida overgrowth is crucial.

The Role of Diet and Gut Health in Managing Cutaneous Candidiasis

Emerging research suggests a strong connection between gut health, overall immune function, and the risk of developing fungal skin infections like cutaneous candidiasis. A holistic approach to treatment and prevention often includes dietary modifications and strategies to support a healthy gut microbiome.

Can dietary changes help prevent or manage yeast infections on the skin?

While more research is needed, some dietary strategies that may be beneficial include:

• Reducing sugar and refined carbohydrate intake
• Incorporating probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut
• Eating a diverse range of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support gut health
• Considering probiotic supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider
• Staying hydrated to support overall skin health and immune function

It’s important to note that dietary changes alone are not a substitute for medical treatment of active infections. However, they may play a supportive role in long-term management and prevention of recurrent cutaneous candidiasis.

When to Seek Professional Help for Cutaneous Candidiasis

While mild cases of cutaneous candidiasis can often be managed with over-the-counter treatments and home care, certain situations warrant professional medical attention. Recognizing when to consult a healthcare provider is crucial for preventing complications and ensuring effective treatment.

In what situations should one seek medical attention for a yeast infection on the skin?

Consider consulting a healthcare provider if:

• The rash persists or worsens after a week of home treatment
• The infection spreads to new areas of the body
• You experience severe pain, swelling, or fever
• You have a weakened immune system due to underlying health conditions or medications
• The rash occurs frequently or recurs shortly after treatment
• You’re unsure whether the rash is caused by a yeast infection or another skin condition

A dermatologist or primary care physician can provide a definitive diagnosis, prescribe stronger treatments if necessary, and help identify any underlying factors contributing to recurrent infections.

Cutaneous Candidiasis in Special Populations: Infants, Elderly, and Immunocompromised Individuals

While cutaneous candidiasis can affect anyone, certain populations are at higher risk for developing severe or persistent infections. Understanding the unique challenges and treatment considerations for these groups is essential for effective management.

How does cutaneous candidiasis present in infants?

In infants, cutaneous candidiasis often manifests as diaper rash. The warm, moist environment created by diapers provides an ideal breeding ground for Candida. Symptoms may include:

• Bright red rash in the diaper area
• Satellite lesions (small red spots) around the main rash
• Scaling or peeling skin
• Discomfort and fussiness, especially during diaper changes

Treatment typically involves frequent diaper changes, gentle cleansing, and the application of antifungal creams specifically formulated for infants.

What special considerations are there for elderly individuals with cutaneous candidiasis?

Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to cutaneous candidiasis due to factors such as:

• Weakened immune systems
• Decreased mobility leading to prolonged skin-on-skin contact
• Incontinence issues
• Multiple medications that may alter skin flora

Management in this population often requires a multidisciplinary approach, addressing underlying health issues and ensuring proper skin care and hygiene practices.

How does cutaneous candidiasis affect immunocompromised individuals?

For those with weakened immune systems, such as individuals with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, cutaneous candidiasis can be more severe and challenging to treat. In these cases:

• Infections may spread more rapidly and extensively
• Systemic antifungal medications may be necessary
• Close monitoring and follow-up care are crucial
• Preventive strategies play a vital role in avoiding recurrent infections

Healthcare providers may recommend prophylactic antifungal treatments for high-risk individuals to prevent infections before they occur.

The Future of Cutaneous Candidiasis Treatment: Emerging Research and Therapies

As our understanding of fungal infections and the human microbiome continues to evolve, new approaches to treating and preventing cutaneous candidiasis are emerging. Researchers are exploring innovative therapies that may offer more targeted and effective solutions for managing yeast infections on the skin.

What new treatments are being developed for cutaneous candidiasis?

Some promising areas of research include:

• Novel antifungal compounds with improved efficacy and reduced risk of resistance
• Probiotic-based therapies that aim to restore a healthy balance of skin microorganisms
• Immunomodulatory treatments that enhance the body’s natural defenses against fungal overgrowth
• Nanotechnology-based delivery systems for more efficient application of antifungal agents
• Gene therapy approaches targeting Candida’s virulence factors

While many of these potential treatments are still in early stages of research, they offer hope for more effective management of cutaneous candidiasis in the future, particularly for individuals with recurrent or treatment-resistant infections.

How might our approach to cutaneous candidiasis change in the coming years?

As research progresses, we may see a shift towards more personalized treatment strategies that take into account an individual’s unique microbiome composition, genetic factors, and environmental influences. This could lead to:

• More precise diagnostic tools that can quickly identify the specific strain of Candida causing the infection
• Tailored treatment plans based on an individual’s risk factors and microbiome profile
• Greater emphasis on preventive measures and maintaining overall skin and gut health
• Integration of traditional antifungal treatments with emerging therapies for more comprehensive care

As our understanding of the complex interactions between fungi, bacteria, and the human body deepens, we may discover new ways to prevent and treat cutaneous candidiasis more effectively, improving quality of life for millions of people affected by this common skin condition.

Is Candidiasis Causing Rashes? – Rose Wellness

Many people are surprised to learn that various fungi and bacteria live on your skin. Some fungi are beneficial while others are harmful. An overgrowth of Candida on the skin is known as cutaneous candidiasis or candidiasis of the skin. Candidiasis causes an itchy red rash. A candida infection is one of the most common fungal skin diseases. Each year there are more than 3.6 million outpatient visits and 26,000 hospitalizations in the United States for fungal skin infections. In addition to this, millions of individuals suffer from a skin infection without seeking out medical help.

Symptoms of Candidiasis of the Skin

The primary symptom of a candida overgrowth on the skin is typically bright red rash and causes extreme itching. If the skin becomes infected, this can lead to-

• Irritation
• Pain
• Blisters
• Cracked skin

Although the rash can occur anywhere, the most typical place is within the folds of your skin. The most common locations include under your breasts, the groin area, the armpits, or between your fingers. In addition to this, a yeast infection can form on the corners of your mouth, along with the sides of your nails, or under the nails.

If left untreated, the rash can spread to other areas of your body. The symptoms of yeast infection of the skin can be treated using anti-fungal powders or creams and good hygiene.

Causes of Candida Overgrowth

Candida is a fungus that lives on the skin; however, when it begins to uncontrollably multiply, it can result in an infection. There are several things that can increase the risk of fungal overgrowth, including:

• A weak immune system caused by pregnancy, diabetes, and other medical conditions
• Antibiotics
• Corticosteroids and other medications that can affect your immune system
• Incomplete drying of wet skin
• Infrequent undergarment changes
• Obesity
• Poor hygiene
• Tight clothing
• Warm weather

Fungi thrive in damp locations, which is why it commonly occurs in the folds of skin. Diapers hold moisture which is why babies can develop candidiasis on their buttocks.

Candidiasis of the skin is not typically contagious; however, those with a weak immune system are at risk of becoming infected if they come in contact with the candida fungus. Furthermore, those who have a compromised immune system are at an increased risk of developing a severe infection.

Usually, your skin doctor will inspect your skin and make a diagnosis. In some cases a skin culture may be needed of the affected area for accurate analysis.

Treatment for Candidiasis

The most important thing you can do for treatment of candidiasis is to practice proper hygiene. Wash the affected area with dye-free and scent-free soap regularly. Rinse thoroughly and pat dry, ensuring the skin is completely dry before getting dressed. Damp or wet clothing like sweaty workout clothes or swimsuits should be removed promptly. Opt for loose fitting clothing and change your undergarments and socks regularly.

Candida feeds on sugar; therefore, you should reduce the amount of sugar you consume. In addition to this, a probiotic supplement, as well as fermented foods, can help to reduce the amount of fungus on the skin and in the body by rebalancing your gut flora. If your fungal infection is severe, your doctor may recommend an antifungal cream or powder. This treatment is applied to the skin and works by eradicating the Candida fungus.

Excess candida on the skin will typically go away with treatment. Typically, it takes one to two weeks to make a recovery, depending on the severity of the overgrowth. There is a risk of a return infection, especially with those with a compromised immune system, including those with HIV or Aids or those undergoing chemotherapy.

How Can We Help?

Our team of skin specialists understand the intricacies of the human body. We provide a holistic approach to treatment of candidiasis that includes improving your immune system, reducing the amount of fungi on the skin, and thereby improving your overall skin health. Food, diet, stress and your gut health all impact the health of the skin. Our integrative practitioners will help uncover the root cause of your skin issues. You do not have to live with skin infections and uncomfortable rashes.

Cutaneous Candidiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

8 Yeast Infection Causes That Should Be on Your Radar

On top of that, Dr. Cackovic recommends wearing sports underwear that’s made of a wicking material like polyester if you’re planning to get super sweaty. It’ll help pull the moisture away from your skin and keep the whole area drier. (For day-to-day wear, gynos typically recommend cotton underwear because it’s the most breathable fabric, but it can get soggy when you’re seriously sweating.)

3. Irritating bath products or laundry detergent

Using a new body wash or laundry detergent, especially one with fragrance, can disturb the pH of your vagina and cause irritation or a yeast infection. But even if you don’t get a yeast infection right away, Dr. Cackovic says he often sees a domino effect that can lead to one indirectly. A new detergent can cause irritation or a skin condition called dermatitis, which in turn causes itchiness and redness. Those symptoms can be misdiagnosed as an infection, for which you might be prescribed an antibiotic. With no “bad” bacteria to kill, the antibiotic can kill off the good ones, leading to a yeast infection that could have been avoided. No fun.

4. High estrogen levels

Sometimes you can thank your hormones for yeast infections. “Yeast infections appear to occur more often in the setting of increased estrogen levels, such as with oral contraceptive use (especially when the estrogen dose is high), pregnancy, and estrogen therapy,” Dr. Cackovic says. That’s because excess estrogen increases glycogen (a stored form of glucose) levels in the vagina and glycogen promotes yeast growth.

Dr. Cackovic notes, though, that most birth control pills are monophasic, meaning the hormone doses are the same throughout one pack and therefore shouldn’t cause a big enough change to spark an infection. If you’re curious whether your specific birth control might be opening you up to yeast infections, talk to your gyno.

5. Douching, or otherwise irritating your vagina by trying to clean it

Doctors advise strongly against douching, which involves putting fluids into your vagina with a squirt bottle in an attempt to clean yourself. Douching can seriously disrupt the normal pH of the vagina and cause an overgrowth of yeast or harmful bacteria.

To avoid changing the natural environment or causing irritation, doctors also don’t recommend cleaning inside the vagina with soap. “Never put soap in the vagina,” Tami Rowen, M.D., an ob-gyn at UCSF Medical Center specializing in sexual health concerns, tells SELF. “It’s like washing your mouth out with soap.” Your vagina can actually clean itself just fine using that discharge we talked about—no soap necessary.

Instead, simply rinse the area around the vulva with warm water while showering. If you don’t interrupt the ecosystem, the bacteria and yeast will stay balanced on their own. For more information, here’s everything you need to know about cleaning your vagina.

6. Diabetes

According to the Mayo Clinic, people with diabetes have a higher risk of getting yeast infections, especially if they have trouble managing their blood sugar levels. Higher blood glucose levels feed yeast, leading to an overgrowth in any warm, moist areas of the body, especially the vagina.

7. Changes in your sex life

While a yeast infection is not an STI, having sex more frequently than usual or with a new partner can change the vagina’s pH and introduce new bacteria and fungus, explains Dr. Cackovic, altering the Candida levels and causing an infection.

Speaking of sex and yeast infections, if you’ve ever wondered whether it’s safe to have sex when you have one, we’ve got you covered. Everything you need to know is here.

8. Certain lubes

Some people are sensitive to certain types of lubes. “Some, especially glycerin-based, have sugar in them,” Dr. Rowen explains, which can prompt yeast growth. Same goes for flavored or warming lubes, which may contain not only sugar but also irritating chemicals. Some people may have problems with silicone-based lube—it lasts longer, “which is great, but it’s going to cause more of a change in the vaginal environment,” Dr. Rowen explains. She recommends sticking to water-based lube without glycerin if you’re prone to yeast infections.

Antibiotics For Your Skin | Choosing Wisely

When you need them—and when you don’t

Skin problems can sometimes look like infections, especially if they’re red, swollen, or tender. So it might seem like treating them with antibiotics is a good idea. But some skin problems don’t stem from infections at all. So treating them with antibiotics can do more harm than good.

Learn about situations when you don’t need antibiotics for your skin. Also learn how to talk to your doctor about when antibiotics may be needed.

Antibiotics don’t help if your skin is not infected

Eczema causes red, itchy, and scaly skin. People with eczema often have high amounts of bacteria on their skin. But that doesn’t mean that the germs are causing infection. Even so, some doctors treat eczema with antibiotics that you take by mouth (in pill or liquid form) to kill the germs.

Antibiotics also don’t help your itching or redness. And they don’t make your eczema less severe. Plus, your skin bacteria usually come back in a month or two, if not sooner.

You can control eczema better with lotions and other steps. To ease itching and swelling, ask your doctor about other treatments, such as creams and ointments that contain medicine. You can get them with or without a prescription.

Inflamed cysts usually don’t require antibiotics

Swollen, red, and tender lumps under the skin are usually either inflamed cysts or small boils. You usually don’t need antibiotics for either of these problems.

Inflamed cysts sometimes get better on their own. If they keep getting inflamed, or if they are large or painful, the doctor can open and drain the cyst by making a small incision. Some cysts can be removed surgically. Both are simple procedures that can be done in a doctor’s office. After that, your cyst will likely heal on its own without antibiotics.

Most surgical wounds don’t need antibiotics

Some doctors prescribe antibiotic creams or ointments to keep wounds from getting infected after surgery. Although infections still happen at hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers, the risk of an infection is fairly low. And topical antibiotics for your skin don’t lower your risk of infection. Other measures, such as good handwashing by staff, work better to prevent infection. Petroleum jelly (Vaseline and generic) can help wounds heal by keeping them moist. Plus, it’s cheaper and less likely to make the wound sore.

Dangers of superbugs

Each year, at least 2 million Americans get sick from superbugs.

Some 23,000 of them die as a result.

About 14,000 Americans die from Clostridium difficile (C. diff) bacteria every year. This infection is triggered by antibiotics. It causes bad diarrhea and often high fever.

Swelling and redness in your lower legs may not require treatment with antibiotics

If one or both of your lower legs are swollen and red, visit your doctor to find out why. In most cases, if both of your lower legs are swollen and red at the same time, it’s not because of an infection. That means you don’t need antibiotics.

There are many other reasons why your lower legs could be swollen and red. For instance, you could have varicose veins or a blood clot in your leg. You could have an allergy to something you touched, such as a detergent or soap. Leg swelling could even be a sign of heart disease.

Before prescribing an antibiotic, your doctor should talk to you and do any tests needed to rule out these problems. Even then, you should take antibiotics only if there’s a clear sign of an infection like cellulitis. That’s a common skin infection that causes redness and swelling.

Who needs antibiotics for skin problems?

You need antibiotics only if you have signs of a skin infection. These may include:

• Bumps filled with pus
• Cracks and sores that ooze pus
• Wound that oozes pus or has yellow crusts
• Feeling very hot or cold
• Fever
• High white blood cell count
• Crusts the color of honey
• Very red or warm skin with other signs of infection
• Wound that is red, painful, swollen, or warm

Antibiotics can be harmful

If you have an infection, antibiotics can save your life. But antibiotics can also be harmful if you take them when you don’t need them. The more antibiotics you use, the less likely they are to work when you need them.

Antibiotics can cause side effects. Antibiotics that you take by mouth can cause upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, and vaginal yeast infections. They can also cause allergic reactions. These include rashes, swelling, itching, and trouble breathing. Side effects from antibiotics cause nearly 1 in 5 trips to the emergency department.

Antibiotic creams and ointments can slow the healing of wounds. And they can cause redness, swelling, blistering, draining, and itching.

Antibiotics can breed superbugs. More than half of all antibiotics used in the U.S. are not needed. That’s according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Taking antibiotics when you don’t need them can breed “superbugs.” These are bacteria that are hard to kill. They can make it harder to get well and cause health problems. You can spread superbugs to other people.

Antibiotics can be a waste of money. Antibiotics that you take by mouth can cost from $8 to more than $200. Antibiotic creams and ointments can cost from $5 to more than $150. Plus, you may need to spend more on healthcare and treatments due to side effects and superbugs from antibiotics.

This report is for you to use when talking with your healthcare provider. It is not a substitute for medical advice and treatment. Use of this report is at your own risk.

© 2016 Consumer Reports. Developed in cooperation with the American Academy of Dermatology.

08/2016

How to identify these three common rashes

The skin, while accessible to all, is still an enigma to many physicians. In this post, board certified dermatologist Diana Westgate, MD, PPG ­­– Dermatology, sheds some light on the distinguishing features among a few common summer rashes she sees in her dermatology clinic.  

Poison Ivy

Poison ivy is just one example of a plant-induced dermatitis. It occurs when poison ivy vines or leaves brush against the skin, depositing the plant oil and inducing an allergic reaction. The rash usually presents in itchy red, patches that appear wet.  Poison ivy can even cause true blisters with characteristic “lines” noted on examination. Lines are not made naturally by the body. When a dermatologist sees a line or a geometric shape, it’s a clue to look for an outside source.

Here are some tips for people who may be at risk for poison ivy exposure:

• Wear long sleeves and long pants
• Consider using a product like Ivy X, which is a pre-contact barrier solution
• After a possible exposure, wash the area with soap and water as soon as possible to get the oil off the skin

Poison ivy is not contagious and does not spread as a result of scratching, though it may appear to move around or come out in phases. The only risk of spread is while the oils are still on the skin. The phasic nature of the outbreak may occur because the areas with the greatest exposure break out first, and areas with lesser contact with the plant react later. Treatment depends on the severity, but may include topical and/or oral steroids.

Bug bites

Bug bites typically present as red swollen, itchy bumps that are grouped together, often in a triplet, known as the “breakfast, lunch and dinner sign”. Most bugs are opportunists and will bite exposed areas like the neck, face, arms and ankles, and will not burrow under the clothing. That said, they do prefer warm skin at the edges of clothing so bites can occur at the waistline or braline, as well.

Bed bugs are among the most feared culprits, since they are difficult to eradicate. So, how can you tell if you are being bitten in bed? Look for a few tell-tale signs: 1) waking with more bites than were present when you went to bed, 2) rusty red/brown stains on bed sheets, or 3) smelling a musty or sweet smell (which can be a sign of a well-established infestation). Your dermatologist can treat the bites themselves with a potent topical steroid, but the infestation will need to be managed to keep the bites from persisting.

Intertrigo

Intertrigo is a heat-related rash that occurs in body folds, under the arms, under breasts, under the belly or groin folds. This condition is attributed to sweating and friction, and is commonly mistaken for and treated as a yeast infection. Unlike a yeast infection, this rash is well defined and does not have satellite pustules.

The key to treatment is to decrease inflammation, sweating and friction. Contrary to what many think, a powder will not do the trick when the intertrigo is actively inflamed. I tell my patients powders prevent but a cream is needed for treatment. Intertrigo is treated with a low potency topical steroid (which may provoke yeast overgrowth), plus topical anti-yeast cream to prevent a secondary infection. Once improved, a powder can be applied to wick away moisture and reduce friction. A deodorant stick can also be applied to reduce sweating and friction and is best for preventing chaffing (such as between the thighs).

If you develop symptoms consistent with one of these rashes, visit your local dermatologist for an official diagnosis and treatment.

Fungal Infections

Fungal infections are common skin conditions that can grow anywhere on or inside the human body. Fungi release spores that can be picked up by direct contact or even inhaled. Fungal infections can grow anywhere on the body, but tend to develop in warm, moist areas such as the feet, groin and armpit area. Topically, they may cause redness, itching, burning and scaling, as well as blisters or peeling. Common types of fungal infections include athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm and yeast infections.

Types of Fungal Infections

Fungal infections may occur anywhere on or within the body. The most common types are the following:

• Athlete’s foot, fungal infection of the feet and toes
• Jock itch, a fungal infection of the groin and armpit area
• Yeast infection, also known as candidiasis
• Ringworm, a fungal infection of the skin and scalp
• Onychomycosis, or infection of the nail and nail bed
• Sinus infections

Most fungal infections are highly contagious and can be spread from human-to-human, animal-to-human or object-to-human. While many parts of the human body have immune mechanisms which fight off fungal infections, they may be spread if the immune system is compromised. Additionally, prolonged use of antibiotics or hormone changes, such as menopause in women, will also make the body more vulnerable to fungal infections.

Symptoms of Fungal Infections

Each type of fungal infection appears with its own set of symptoms. Fungal infections of the skin tend to present themselves with redness or visible spots, as well as itchiness and scaling and cracking of the skin. Nail infection symptoms may include white or yellow streaks, nail buildup, and brittle damage or thickness. Yeast infection symptoms may include genital itching, burning, and a white discharge. Sinus fungal infections may include fever, headache and sinus pain or blockage. These symptoms may differ based upon the specific type of fungus.

Treatment of Fungal Infections

Fungal infections can usually be successfully treated with over-the-counter antifungal oral or topical medications. They are not usually serious, but may be contagious, so treatment is important. Fungi can be difficult to kill. For skin and nail infections, antifungal medications can be applied directly to the infected area. Oral antifungal medicines are also available for fungal infections in other areas of the body, and for more serious nail and skin infections.

Prevention of Fungal Infections

There are several steps which may be taken to prevent fungal infections, including:

• Avoiding prolonged use of antibiotics or steroids
• Eating a balanced diet
• Proper management of blood sugar levels in diabetics
• Keeping the body clean and dry
• Changing socks and underwear everyday
• Avoiding walking barefoot, especially in common areas
• Discarding old boots, shoes, and slippers
• Washing hands often, especially after contact with animals or other people
• Avoiding close contact to soil or dust, such as through gardening or yard work

Additional Resources

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Phone: 902-429-1416

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Brendan Bennett

Education

Brendan Bennett: Podiatrist. BSc (Hons) Pod. FFPM RCPS (Glasg). FC Pod Med
Graduate of:
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Rebecca Bennett

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Rebecca Bennett: Podiatrist BSc (Hons) Pod BSN. MCP

Graduate of:
 

Wales Center for Podiatric Studies: University of Wales.
 

University of Pittsburgh: BSN

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Nicole Beatty

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Nicole Beatty Podiatrist. Dip Pod Med.

Graduate of:
 

Mitchener Institute Toronto Ontario.

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Nova Scotia Pod

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Vaginal Rashes and Sores | CS Mott Children’s Hospital

Topic Overview

A rash in your vaginal area (vulva) may be caused by irritation of the skin from many sources, such as clothes rubbing against the skin. Rashes that occur without other symptoms are usually minor and often go away with home treatment.

Contact dermatitis

A common cause of a rash is contact with a substance that causes irritation or an allergic reaction (contact dermatitis). Soaps, detergents, shampoos, perfumes, or lotions can cause contact dermatitis. Often the rash from contact dermatitis is very itchy, but it is rarely serious. Changing your soap or detergent may be all you need to do to prevent this type of rash.

Other rashes in the vaginal area

Other conditions that may cause a rash in the vaginal area include:

• Scabies, which is an itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into the outer layers of the skin.
• Pubic lice, which are small insects that live on humans and survive by feeding on blood.
• Yeast infection (cutaneous candidiasis), which may cause a rash in the moist skin folds of the vaginal area.
• Psoriasis, which causes raised red or white patches topped with silvery, scaling skin. The patches are most common on the knees, elbows, scalp, tailbone, and back, but may appear anywhere on the body (including the fingernails, palms, and soles of the feet).

Sores, blisters, or lumps in the vaginal area

Conditions that may cause a sore, blister, or lump include:

• Genital herpes. Genital herpes is a viral infection that causes skin blisters and sores in the vaginal area.
• Genital warts. Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (STI). They are caused by various types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
• Bartholin gland cyst. Bartholin glands are two small glands located on each side of the opening of the vagina. These glands produce fluids that lubricate the opening to the vagina. If the opening to one of the glands becomes blocked, fluids may build up inside the gland, causing a painless lump called a Bartholin cyst. Bartholin cysts usually do not need treatment, but sometimes surgery may be needed to drain them. In some cases, one of the glands may become infected, causing an abscess, which may need to be drained.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sores, blisters, or ulcers, especially in the groin or vaginal area, may be the first symptom of several different STIs.
• An infected hair shaft (folliculitis). A red, tender lump may form when skin bacteria cause an infection at the base of a hair shaft.

Credits

Current as of:
February 26, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine
Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine

Current as of: February 26, 2020

Author:
Healthwise Staff

Medical Review:William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine

90,000 What is a yeast rash?

A yeast infection rash can occur when the Candidiasis yeast infects the skin. There are over 20 types of candidal yeast, but Candidiasis albicans may be the most common cause of fungal skin infections. The skin usually repels yeast, but skin infections can occur in moist, warm areas such as the armpits, groin, or folds of the skin. Unlike systemic or oral yeast infections, skin yeast infections usually do not require extensive medical treatment.The symptoms are often easily recognizable, and medications to treat a yeast infection rash are available both over the counter and with a prescription.

One common type of skin yeast rash is a diaper rash. Candidal yeast can easily infiltrate the diaper area because heat and moisture can easily interfere with the skin’s ability to resist yeast organisms. A candida diaper rash usually causes a flat, red rash. The edges of this rash are often sharp and serrated. A smaller rash may appear in the region; These rashes are commonly known as satellite lesions or pustules.

Another type of yeast infection, rash, diaper rash, can occur in the folds of the skin, under the breast, or in other warm, moist areas such as the groin or underarms. As with a candidate diaper rash, these areas can remain moist, which can damage the integrity of the skin. Wounds in the area can also allow the Candidiasis yeast to take over and cause infection. Diaper rash usually causes the skin in the folds of the body to be red and softened.

Excessive sweating, lack of movement, or use of antibiotics can cause skin rashes.This is known as a hidden body rash. When this condition occurs in newborns, it is commonly known as congenital cutaneous candidiasis. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis usually occurs when a mother spreads a yeast infection to her baby as she passes through the birth canal. A yeast infection rash may appear within hours of birth.

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica is a yeast infection of the tissues of the finger. Diabetics are at risk of rashes from this type of yeast infection, as well as those whose hands are in frequent contact with water.Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica causes redness and softening of the skin in the tissues of the fingers.

Most fungal skin infections do not require extensive medical treatment. Over-the-counter or prescription antifungal creams and ointments can usually cleanse them. Oral medications such as fluconazole can help treat yeast infection rashes. In addition to topical or oral treatments, patients are generally advised to keep the area clean and dry.

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The doctor named the best vitamins for the skin

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The doctor named the best vitamins for the skin

The doctor named the best vitamins for the skin , and explains why proper nutrition is more important than creams and cosmetics… RIA Novosti Sport, 08/05/2020

2020-08-05T23: 30

2020-08-05T23: 30

2020-08-05T23: 28

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https://cdn22.img.ria.ru / imagesWhen porridge – a beautician If the skin becomes dry, cracks appear on the lips – for example, in the center of the lower lip – and sores in the corners of the mouth, it may be due to a lack of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Regular inflammation in the area above the eyebrows and in the area of ​​the nasolabial fold is also a reason to be wary. The body’s need for vitamin B6 is small: only 1.8-2 milligrams per day. But a lack of pyridoxine can occur if you regularly do high physical activity or work in the cold. B6 consumption is higher than usual in case of pregnancy, constant stress, intestinal infections or liver problems.At risk are those who like keto diets and those who have a bias on the table towards protein dishes and a minimum of carbohydrates. Prevention of vitamin B6 deficiency will be walnuts (they contain 0.8 milligrams of pyridoxine per 100 grams), beef liver (0.7 milligrams), yeast (0.58 milligram) and various cereals: barley (0.54 milligram), wheat (0.52 milligram), pearl barley and buckwheat (0.4 milligram). If the face is gray. Vitamin B7 (biotin) is irreplaceable for the skin: it supplies the body with sulfur, which is involved in the production of collagen (a protein that slows down the aging process – approx. ed). In newborns, seborrheic dermatitis is treated with biotin. Brittle nails, dandruff, gray skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, anemia may indirectly indicate a lack of vitamin B7. This is possible if you have gastritis or have been taking antibiotics and your intestinal microflora is depressed: gut microbes partially synthesize biotin. Adults require 50 micrograms of biotin per day. It is most easily obtained from beef liver (it has 98 micrograms of vitamin H per 100 grams), egg yolk (54 micrograms), walnuts (37 micrograms), brewer’s yeast (30 micrograms), or peanuts (31 micrograms).How to look younger A lack of vitamin A (retinol) leads to laxity and premature aging of the skin. There may be bruises under the eyes, a rash in the form of papules (small nodules) in the thighs, elbows, buttocks. Higher risk of skin infections, abrasions and wounds on the body take much longer to heal. Leaders in vitamin A content: beef liver (about 8,300 micrograms per 100 grams of product), cod liver (4,400 micrograms), carrots (2,500 micrograms) and red rowan (1,500 micrograms) The face breathes Vitamin A doctors prescribe in combination with vitamin E (tocopherol). It is the main antioxidant, without which retinol will not be absorbed. 8-12 micrograms of tocopherol per day will be sufficient. The most vitamin in oils: from soy and sunflower to corn (from 120 to 60 milligrams per 100 grams of product) and almonds with walnuts (20-30 milligrams) do not: their excess can lead to trouble. In particular, hypervitaminosis A and E in the body can lead to hair loss.In order not to harm yourself, it is better to first consult with a specialist.

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health, vitamins

The path to beauty lies through the stomach, says endocrinologist-nutritionist Olga Korableva, and explains why proper nutrition is more important than creams and cosmetic masks.

When porridge – a beautician

If the skin becomes dry, cracks appear on the lips – for example, in the center of the lower lip – and ulcers in the corners of the mouth, it may be due to a lack of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Regular inflammation in the area above the eyebrows and in the area of ​​the nasolabial fold is also a reason to be wary.

The need for vitamin B6 in the body is small: only 1.8-2 milligrams per day. But a lack of pyridoxine can occur if you regularly do high physical activity or work in the cold. B6 consumption is higher than usual in case of pregnancy, constant stress, intestinal infections or liver problems. At risk are those who like keto diets and those who have a bias on the table in the direction of protein dishes and a minimum of carbohydrates.

Prevention of vitamin B6 deficiency will be walnuts (they contain 0.8 milligrams of pyridoxine per 100 grams), beef liver (0.7 milligrams), yeast (0.58 milligrams) and various types of cereals: barley (0.54 milligrams) , wheat (0.52 milligrams), pearl barley and buckwheat (0.4 milligrams).

August 3, 2020, 18: 50HOZHHow to lose weight and make the body sculpted: six tips from a nutritionist

If the face turns gray

Vitamin B7 (biotin) is indispensable for the skin: it supplies the body with sulfur, which is involved in the production of collagen (a protein that slows down the processes aging – Ed.). In newborns, seborrheic dermatitis is treated with biotin.

Brittle nails, dandruff, gray skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, anemia may indirectly indicate a lack of vitamin B7.This is possible if you have gastritis or have taken antibiotics, and your intestinal microflora is suppressed: intestinal microbes partially synthesize biotin.

Adults require 50 micrograms of biotin per day. It is most easily obtained from beef liver (it has 98 micrograms of vitamin H per 100 grams), egg yolk (54 micrograms), walnuts (37 micrograms), brewer’s yeast (30 micrograms), or peanuts (31 micrograms).

July 30, 2020, 18:00 The cardiologist has listed foods containing bad cholesterol

How to look younger

Lack of vitamin A (retinol) leads to laxity and premature aging of the skin.There may be bruises under the eyes, a rash in the form of papules (small nodules) in the thighs, elbows, buttocks. The higher the risk of skin infections, abrasions and wounds on the body take much longer to heal.

“The daily requirement for retinol is 700-900 micrograms for adults. Vitamin A is not difficult to obtain from food, but if the liver or pancreas is sick, it can absorb poorly,” explains Olga Korableva.

Leaders in vitamin A content: beef liver (about 8300 micrograms per 100 grams of product), cod liver (4400 micrograms), carrots (2500 micrograms) and red ashberry (1500 micrograms).

June 24, 2020, 11:15 a.m. The most harmful products for the skin of the face are named

The face is breathing

Vitamin A is prescribed by doctors in combination with vitamin E (tocopherol). It is the main antioxidant, without which retinol will not be absorbed.

“Tocopherol protects the red blood cells, which carry oxygen, and thus promotes the” respiration “of cells. For the skin, vitamin E is important in that it contributes to anti-aging procedures and complex therapy for the treatment of acne on the face: thanks to this it is included in many cosmetic products, from creams to serums, “says Olga Korableva.

8-12 micrograms of tocopherol per day will be sufficient. The most vitamin in oils: from soy and sunflower to corn (from 120 to 60 milligrams per 100 grams of product) and almonds with walnuts (20-30 milligrams).

June 22, 2020, 08:00 AM The nutritionist named the most useful products for the skin of the face

The main thing is to remember that you should not prescribe vitamins to yourself to improve your skin: their excess can lead to trouble. In particular, hypervitaminosis A and E in the body can lead to hair loss.In order not to harm yourself, it is better to first consult with a specialist.

Thrush in men: causes, symptoms and treatment

Can a man get thrush?

Yes, thrush is a disease that can affect both men and women, but it is much less common in men.
As in women, the cause of thrush in men is the growth of the yeast Candida. This fungus is naturally present in healthy people, however, when the healthy balance of the flora is disturbed, the fungus can overgrowth, causing signs of infection.

Symptoms of thrush in men

In men, thrush usually occurs on the head of the penis. The affected skin turns red. The inside of the foreskin can also swell.
After a few days, itching may begin, often accompanied by a burning sensation that worsens when urinating or during intercourse.
Sometimes, under the foreskin, you can observe a discharge similar to cottage cheese. An unpleasant odor may also appear.

Causes of thrush in men

Who is at risk?

• Men whose foreskin does not expose the head;
• Men with weakened immune systems.

The fungus is found naturally in the body of healthy people and tends to multiply in warm and humid conditions, so the fungus is much less common in men than in women, since it multiplies poorly on the head of the penis.
However, if the foreskin is narrowed, the fungi are in favorable conditions for reproduction. This is why thrush is less common among circumcised men.

As noted above, candidiasis affects people with weak immunity, with men with diabetes at higher risk due to diabetes-related glucose levels.
When should I see a doctor?

If you suspect thrush, it is best to see your doctor for a diagnosis. As the symptoms may be similar to those of an infection (STI). The doctor will conduct an examination and prescribe a test for infections.

If you have a weakened immune system and have thrush, see your doctor. Since there is a risk that thrush can develop into a more serious case and cause complications.

How to protect yourself from thrush?

• Shower after exercise and dry thoroughly with a towel.
• Avoid synthetic underwear – cotton clothes are better.
• Avoid tight underwear, pants.
• Keep your penis clean – wash regularly and dry thoroughly with a towel. Also, if you or your partner has thrush, it is best to avoid sex until you are treated. Use a condom for prevention.

Since the ideal environment for fungus growth is humid and warm. Avoid anything that can make your genital area warm and moist for a period of time.

Treatment of thrush in men

Infection can usually be diagnosed based on the symptoms and appearance of the site of infection, it is necessary first of all to accurately identify all infectious pathogens. If your doctor suspects an STI in the genital area, you may also need laboratory tests.

Further, the doctor, in case of detecting the presence of candidiasis, will prescribe treatment with antifungal drugs.

The MEDEL Clinic employs highly qualified urologists who will promptly help diagnose the disease and prescribe the correct and effective treatment.

Ask a question. Make an appointment by phone 8 (843) 207-18-00

Treatment of fungal diseases on the skin of the body

Full description

Mycoses often have a number of similar symptoms, however, different types of fungi can be the sources of pathology, therefore, experts recommend that at the first noticeable signs of a fungal infection, consult a doctor who can accurately determine the cause and type of the disease by examining the patient and carrying out the necessary tests.

The vital activity of fungi has a toxic effect on the human body, weakens the protective functions of the skin and the immune barrier, which can cause the development of other viral and bacterial diseases against the background of a fungal infection.

The treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi is often complicated by the high resistance or resistance of these microorganisms to drugs and antifungal drugs, since over the many years of fighting infectious diseases, fungi gradually developed insensitivity to certain active substances of fungicidal agents.

Elimination of skin fungus can be carried out by means of local action and antifungal medicines, tablets and capsules. Doctors treat the use of internal drugs with great caution, preferring to fight the fungus of the skin with the help of external agents, since these drugs act on the fungus and its waste products locally, without spreading with circulating blood throughout the body.

If the fungal disease progresses rather quickly and the effect of the use of external agents is not enough, dermatologists prescribe a course of combined fungicidal therapy, which includes the use of antifungal ointments, gels, drops, powder, suspensions, emulsions and lotions, as well as tablets and antibiotics, which are taken orally.

When choosing antifungal drugs, it is necessary to pay attention to the composition of the agent in order to exclude the occurrence of allergic reactions in response to the action of certain components of the drug, since contraindications and side effects from the use of fungicidal drugs can be not only general, but also individual in nature.

The criteria for choosing a reliable agent against skin fungus are also the level of activity of the main component of the drug and the degree of its safety in case of interaction with the whole organism, and not only with a local focus of infection.

It is especially important to pay attention to the period of application of the antifungal agent, since the completion of the course of fungicidal therapy before the complete elimination of the skin fungus is fraught with a relapse of the infection, which will be much more difficult to fight due to the body weakened by long-term intake of aggressive drugs.

Antifungal agents often contain anti-inflammatory and antibacterial components. These drugs are more effective in eliminating fungal infection than conventional fungicidal medicines, since effective treatment of a fungus always begins with the removal of the inflammatory process.

Specialists identify several main groups of drugs with basic active substances that are most often used to treat fungal diseases: amphotericin, terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole.

These substances are able to inhibit the vital activity of the skin fungus, stop its development and prevent the spread throughout the body, and also effectively cope with the products of its reproduction, which are called mycelium. Mycelium remains on personal belongings, bedding and hygiene items of a person infected with a fungus even after a complete cure of fungal microorganisms parasitizing in the body, therefore, effective disposal of the fungus also includes antifungal sanitization of wardrobe items, towels and hygiene products for a patient with mycosis.

Dermatologists most often recommend terbinafine-based drugs such as Lamisil, Binafine and Terbizin. The most popular drugs for treating skin fungus with itraconazole are Orungal and Itramikol. Diflucan, Mikosist and Mikomax based on fluconazole and Mikozoral with ketoconazole in the composition effectively deal with the problem of fungus in the upper layers of the skin. Griseofulvin, levorin ointment and Triderm are also successfully used to treat skin fungus.

In the event of a fungal infection spreading to the nail plates of the hands and feet, doctors recommend using milling drills for hardware abrasion of the nail in order to ensure deeper penetration of fungicidal drugs into the lower layers of the skin.The nail can also be removed surgically, but the more popular and common way is to dissolve the nail plate with chemicals.

It is also possible to fight skin fungus with the help of alternative therapy, which had in stock many methods of eliminating fungal skin infections even before the advent of modern methods of treatment.

Wine vinegar is good at stopping growth and eliminating skin fungus, especially in the early stages of infection. It is necessary to make wine vinegar baths every day for 14-16 days; instead of baths, you can also use lotions or cotton balls soaked in wine vinegar.

An excellent antifungal tool at hand is a solution of iodized salt and soda in a 1: 1 ratio, the solution must be diluted to avoid damage to the epidermis and soften the surface layers of the skin. Rinse off with cold water, keep for at least 30 minutes.

As a fungicidal folk remedy, you can also use ground coffee, which is poured with warm water and allowed to brew for 5-10 minutes. The coffee solution must be without sediment, apply to the affected area every day for at least a week for 15-20 minutes, rinse with water and vinegar.Coffee has not only pronounced antifungal properties, but is also able to soothe pain and relieve signs of an inflammatory reaction, acting locally.

Lemon juice and onion juice fight well against fungal microorganisms, inhibiting their vital activity and preventing the spread of their propagation products in the environment. To get rid of parasitic fungi, it is necessary to rub the focus of infection on the skin with lemon or onion juice 2 times a day, they can also be mixed, add garlic juice and butter, apply as an antifungal mask every 2 days, rinse with cold water with the addition of aromatic verbena oils.

An infusion of medicinal plants and herbs will help to more effectively eliminate the consequences of the destructive activity of the skin fungus and return the skin to its normal state. To prepare an antifungal broth, it is necessary to mix oak bark, horsetail, calendula and blackberries, pour hot water and insist in a cold dark place for at least a week, then strain the solution and use it as a fungicidal lotion every day for at least a month.

Coniferous plants, due to the high concentration of phytoncides, are also able to kill the fungus and effectively cleanse the skin from the effects of its parasitism.Therefore, pine infusion is a common folk remedy for the effective elimination of fungal diseases. To prepare it, you need to pour pine cones and needles with 70% ethyl alcohol. The broth should be infused in a glass container for at least 14 days, after which it can be used as a tonic for the infected areas of the skin.

In case of fungus on the face, you can prepare a homemade antifungal cream from lard and activated charcoal.You can use it daily, the course of treatment is at least a month.

Fungal infections are always easier to prevent than to cure, therefore adherence to the basic rules of prevention, regular washing of personal belongings and cleaning the house will help to avoid infection with fungal microorganisms. In case of infection with a fungus, you must immediately consult a doctor, completely excluding self-medication.

Controversy with death: organs of patients with COVID-19 ventilated with fungus | Articles

Fungal infections have been added to the bacterial complications of COVID-19.They affect the lungs of patients, as a result, from 16 to 25% of patients die in intensive care units (ICU), scientists have found. Most often, pneumonia caused by mycosis occurs against the background of a decrease in immunity and the intake of drugs often prescribed for severe COVID-19 – dexamethasone, tocilizumab and others. The main danger of fungal pneumonia is that it is more difficult to detect than viral or bacterial, experts warn. International mycological organizations have prepared a manual for doctors in covid hospitals, which describes the basic principles of diagnosing a deadly fungus.

Virus vs fungus

Infections of patients with COVID-19 with a fungus affecting internal organs have been reported by an international team of researchers. The group included specialists from the Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences of the University of Minho in Portugal, doctors from the Department of Internal Medicine of the Radboud University Medical Center (Netherlands) and others.

The fungus was found in patients who were in the ICU, according to the article published by scientists.Paradoxically, activation of antiviral immunity may contribute to the development of a form of inflammation that promotes fungal pathogenesis. The severe form of the disease leads to damage to the pulmonary epithelium, which can be a predisposing risk factor for pulmonary aspergillosis, an ailment caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus.

Micrograph of the head of the fungus Aspergillus

Photo: commons.wikimedia.org/CDC/Dr. Lucille K.Georg

In 60 out of 257 COVID-19 patients (23.3%), throat swab samples tested positive for Aspergillus , meaning they had co-infection, the article said, citing a study in China’s Jiangsu province. In other works, the number of patients on mechanical ventilation, infected with Aspergillus, in the region of 20%. The fungus increases the mortality rate of patients in the ICU by 16-25%, the head of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov Nikolay Klimko.

Two troubles

There are two main variants of invasive mycoses in patients with coronavirus infection in the ICU, Nikolai Klimko said. The first is fungal sepsis due to Candida. However, there are no specific risk factors for patients with COVID-19, this is a common problem for all patients who are in the ICU with a central venous catheter for a long time, receive antibiotics and parenteral nutrition (using a dropper).

– The likelihood of developing fungal sepsis in this case is about 1-2%.Mortality is about 50%, that is, every second dies, – said the professor.

The second variant of invasive mycoses is fungal pneumonia caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus . And here there are specific risk factors for COVID-19, Nikolai Klimko believes. Such an aggravating factor is the coronavirus infection itself, which can lead to a significant disruption of local and systemic mechanisms of immune defense.

Another reason for the development of fungal pathology in coronavirus patients, the scientist named the use of certain drugs – glucocorticosteroids (dexamethasone and others) and biological immunosuppressants (tocilizumab and others).These drugs can really save the lives of some patients, but their use is accompanied by a forced decrease in the number of immunologically active cells.

Photo: Izvestia / Pavel Bednyakov

Often, a fungal infection in ICU goes in addition to bacterial: first, a person develops bacterial complications that are treated with antibiotics, and then invasive mycoses join, Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy at Sechenov University, President of the Alliance of Clinical Chemotherapists and Microbiologists of Russia Sergei Yakovlev told Izvestia.

“This is a difficult problem, which is still new for the medical community and little studied,” said Sergei Yakovlev. – But this has already become a known problem for emergency hospitals. Indeed, during the worldwide epidemic of swine flu, it was shown that in severe patients with viral infection, the risk of secondary infection with invasive mycoses increases.

At the same time, it was noticed that some of the patients died directly from viral damage to the lungs, some from bacterial superinfections (when bacteria are insensitive to antibiotics), and some more from fungi, in particular aspergillosis.

Case – tube

By itself, a fungal infection is well treated: there are drugs, the early use of which can save most patients. The main difficulty is that fungal pneumonia often cannot be detected in time, Nikolai Klimko emphasized.

– Now patients with COVID-19 in the ICU usually do not undergo the necessary diagnostic procedure – bronchoscopy (allows you to examine the lungs and airways from the inside. – Izvestia). During bronchoscopy, a thin tube (bronchoscope) is passed through the nose or mouth and then through the throat into the lungs, the scientist explained.

Photo: RIA Novosti / Ilya Pitalev

Cancellation of this procedure may be related to the severity of the patient’s condition, says Nikolai Klimko. In addition, bronchoscopy is believed to increase the risk of infection for doctors. And other diagnostic methods are not effective enough. To begin timely treatment of a fungal infection, bronchoscopy and specific laboratory tests are needed. There are not enough such laboratory assistants in Russia, he added.

The most reliable results can indeed be obtained with bronchoscopy, which is contraindicated in the development of respiratory failure, Sergei Voznesensky, associate professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases with courses in epidemiology and phthisiology at RUDN University (the university is a participant in the 5-100 education competitiveness project) told Izvestia.Therefore, microscopic examination and sowing are necessary to determine the properties of a pure culture of the pathogen.

– Aspergillosis is a fungal disease that develops with immunodeficiency, – said the professor. – The prognosis of survival in such patients is poor.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many diverse lessons to national health systems around the world, said the head of the Glycoconjugate Chemistry Laboratory at the N.D. Zelinsky Russian Academy of Sciences Nikolay Nifant’ev.And one of them is that mycological co-infections are often responsible for high mortality.

– This once again emphasizes the priority of a broad study of the mechanisms of all stages of development of fungal diseases, especially comorbid ones developing against the background of others. Recently, programs for the study of COVID-19 have been promptly initiated, but the same programs are necessary for targeted fungal research, in which specialists in various fields of natural sciences and medicine would be united, the professor emphasized.- Only such work will allow to create really effective methods of detecting and treating fungal infections.

Photo: Izvestia / Zurab Javakhadze

To educate doctors in coronavirus ICUs on how to correctly identify invasive aspergillosis, international mycological organizations (The European Confederation for Medical Mycology and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology) initiated the development of recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19 …They were created by a group of experts, which includes Nikolay Klimko. These guidelines are accepted for publication in the medical journal The Lancet.

Childhood infections – Maternity in Khabarovsk

Childhood infections
from
6 months
1 day
before
6 months
6 days

Let’s try to consider in detail the question of asthma.In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of patients with bronchial asthma in childhood and even infancy.

The course of bronchial asthma is chronic: accompanied by periods of exacerbations (attacks of shortness of breath) and relative well-being (interictal period). In bronchial asthma, the mechanism of timely adequate contraction of the muscles of the bronchi ceases to work.

The causes of bronchial asthma are very different, for example:

1. Hereditary predisposition.

2. Frequent acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections and bronchitis.

3. Ingestion of any allergen in the child’s body – house dust, pollen from flowering plants, pet hair, reaction to any food or medicine.

4. Various physical effects on the body (cooling, overheating, sudden changes in the weather, physical activity) and psycho-emotional stress (fear, stress, excitement).

5. Indoor tobacco smoke, air pollution from industrial emissions and car exhaust gases also lead to a violation of the immune status.

6. “Aspirin” asthma is a special form. In this case, the child is categorically contraindicated to take aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid and all drugs containing them. In addition, such patients should not use food coloring, including drugs in colored capsules.

7. The presence of concomitant diseases of the digestive system: intestinal dysbiosis, gastritis, gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, liver disease, biliary dyskinesia, constipation.

The essence of the disease lies in the fact that a spasm (narrowing) of the bronchi occurs at the wrong time and out of place for any stimulus (allergen, physical activity, psycho-emotional stress).

You can suspect a disease if your child had:

– episodes of wheezing difficulty;

– cough at night;

– cough and wheezing, a feeling of congestion in the chest after physical or emotional stress, during an illness;

– cough, wheezing after contact with a specific allergen (for example, contact with a cat).

– Very thick, viscous “glassy” sputum when coughing.

The diagnosis of bronchial asthma is usually made after the first symptoms appear, so if you notice any of the above signs in your child, see your doctor right away. The pediatrician is obliged to send a child with frequent obstructive bronchitis to an allergist for an allergic test.

It is also necessary to remove all allergens from the room. This applies to carpets, curtains, flowering plants, stuffed animals, birds, feather pillows, etc. You should also tell your child’s carers about their asthma and its consequences.

.