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Yeast infection in fold of skin: Causes, symptoms, pictures, and treatment

by alexxlab

Causes, symptoms, pictures, and treatment

Intertrigo is a skin condition that causes a rash in skin folds, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or in stomach folds. The rash may be sore or itchy.

It happens when areas of moist skin rub together. Bacteria and yeast can grow in this environment, leading to an infection.

In this article, we describe what intertrigo is, what it looks like, and what causes it. We also cover diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Intertrigo is a skin condition that happens when folds of skin chafe against each other.

It usually develops in the inner thighs or armpits, or under the breasts or tummy fold.

Some people may experience yeast or bacterial infections in the folds of skin.

Areas of moist skin rubbing together cause intertrigo. The warm, damp environment makes the skin conducive to irritation and the growth of yeast and bacteria, which can lead to an infection.

While it can happen at any age, intertrigo tends to affect infants, older people, and those with a reduced ability to move around. In babies, it is often called diaper rash. Most cases occur in hot or humid environments and during the summer.

Intertrigo is also more common in adults with incontinence, obesity, diabetes, or a weakened immune system.

Specific health conditions that can contribute to the development of intertrigo include:

Inverse psoriasis

Also known as intertriginous psoriasis, this form of psoriasis develops in the folds of the skin. It can look red and shiny.

Hailey-Hailey disease

Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes skin cells to stick together and breaks down the layers of the skin.

People with Hailey-Hailey disease usually experience blisters and irritations on the neck, armpits, and genitals and in the folds of the skin.

Pemphigus

There are different types of pemphigus, but they all happen when the body’s immune system attacks the healthy cells in the top layer of the skin.

It typically causes blisters in the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, or genitals.

Bullous pemphigoid

A fault in the immune system causes bullous pemphigoid. People with the condition can develop mild, itchy welts or more severe blisters on the skin. These tend to appear on areas of the skin that flex or move.

Intertrigo looks like a red, raw rash on the skin. It may feel sore or itchy, and it can sometimes ooze.

It can develop in any fold of the skin. The most commonly affected areas of the body include:

  • the inner thighs
  • under the breasts
  • in the fold of skin underneath a protruding belly
  • the groin
  • between the buttocks
  • in the webs of the fingers
  • in the webs of the toes

Intertrigo may develop in one or more of these places.

It will often be a specialist skin doctor, or dermatologist, who diagnoses intertrigo. They will do this by inspecting the skin and asking a series of questions about the person’s symptoms.

If the dermatologist suspects that a yeast or bacterial infection has developed in the skin fold, they may take a swab and send it to a laboratory for analysis.

An article in the Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association offers the following advice on treating intertrigo:

  • Wash the affected area with ketoconazole 1% shampoo, which is available from most drugstores. People should leave it on for 2–5 minutes and then rinse it off.
  • Use a hairdryer on a low setting to ensure that the area is completely dry.
  • Mix equal amounts of clotrimazole 1% cream (or miconazole 1% cream) and hydrocortisone 1% cream and apply a thin layer to the affected area. People should do this twice a day until the rash is clear, which may take 3–8 weeks.
  • Once the rash has cleared, continue to use the ketoconazole 1% shampoo as soap in the affected area at least once a week.
  • Dry the skin with a hairdryer after every bath or shower, or whenever it feels particularly damp.

The best way to prevent intertrigo is to keep the area dry. People who experience the condition due to obesity can speak to a doctor about ways to lose weight and reduce the risk of skin complications.

The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology suggest that people prevent intertrigo by:

  • placing a wad of absorbent material, such as cotton, in the affected fold to absorb sweat
  • using antiperspirants
  • washing daily with an antibacterial soap
  • dusting the affected area with an absorbent antifungal powder once it is clean and dry

Anyone who finds that the problem keeps coming back should speak to a doctor.

Intertrigo is a skin condition that happens when areas of moist skin rub against each other. It causes a red, raw-looking rash and can lead to yeast and bacterial infections.

It can happen to anyone, but it is most common in babies, older people, individuals with mobility problems, and those with obesity.

People can easily treat the rash at home with over-the-counter creams and lotions. They can also prevent it from coming back by keeping the area clean and dry.

Anyone who experiences multiple incidences of intertrigo should speak to a doctor.

Causes, symptoms, pictures, and treatment

Intertrigo is a skin condition that causes a rash in skin folds, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or in stomach folds. The rash may be sore or itchy.

It happens when areas of moist skin rub together. Bacteria and yeast can grow in this environment, leading to an infection.

In this article, we describe what intertrigo is, what it looks like, and what causes it. We also cover diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Intertrigo is a skin condition that happens when folds of skin chafe against each other.

It usually develops in the inner thighs or armpits, or under the breasts or tummy fold.

Some people may experience yeast or bacterial infections in the folds of skin.

Areas of moist skin rubbing together cause intertrigo. The warm, damp environment makes the skin conducive to irritation and the growth of yeast and bacteria, which can lead to an infection.

While it can happen at any age, intertrigo tends to affect infants, older people, and those with a reduced ability to move around. In babies, it is often called diaper rash. Most cases occur in hot or humid environments and during the summer.

Intertrigo is also more common in adults with incontinence, obesity, diabetes, or a weakened immune system.

Specific health conditions that can contribute to the development of intertrigo include:

Inverse psoriasis

Also known as intertriginous psoriasis, this form of psoriasis develops in the folds of the skin. It can look red and shiny.

Hailey-Hailey disease

Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes skin cells to stick together and breaks down the layers of the skin.

People with Hailey-Hailey disease usually experience blisters and irritations on the neck, armpits, and genitals and in the folds of the skin.

Pemphigus

There are different types of pemphigus, but they all happen when the body’s immune system attacks the healthy cells in the top layer of the skin.

It typically causes blisters in the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, or genitals.

Bullous pemphigoid

A fault in the immune system causes bullous pemphigoid. People with the condition can develop mild, itchy welts or more severe blisters on the skin. These tend to appear on areas of the skin that flex or move.

Intertrigo looks like a red, raw rash on the skin. It may feel sore or itchy, and it can sometimes ooze.

It can develop in any fold of the skin. The most commonly affected areas of the body include:

  • the inner thighs
  • under the breasts
  • in the fold of skin underneath a protruding belly
  • the groin
  • between the buttocks
  • in the webs of the fingers
  • in the webs of the toes

Intertrigo may develop in one or more of these places.

It will often be a specialist skin doctor, or dermatologist, who diagnoses intertrigo. They will do this by inspecting the skin and asking a series of questions about the person’s symptoms.

If the dermatologist suspects that a yeast or bacterial infection has developed in the skin fold, they may take a swab and send it to a laboratory for analysis.

An article in the Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association offers the following advice on treating intertrigo:

  • Wash the affected area with ketoconazole 1% shampoo, which is available from most drugstores. People should leave it on for 2–5 minutes and then rinse it off.
  • Use a hairdryer on a low setting to ensure that the area is completely dry.
  • Mix equal amounts of clotrimazole 1% cream (or miconazole 1% cream) and hydrocortisone 1% cream and apply a thin layer to the affected area. People should do this twice a day until the rash is clear, which may take 3–8 weeks.
  • Once the rash has cleared, continue to use the ketoconazole 1% shampoo as soap in the affected area at least once a week.
  • Dry the skin with a hairdryer after every bath or shower, or whenever it feels particularly damp.

The best way to prevent intertrigo is to keep the area dry. People who experience the condition due to obesity can speak to a doctor about ways to lose weight and reduce the risk of skin complications.

The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology suggest that people prevent intertrigo by:

  • placing a wad of absorbent material, such as cotton, in the affected fold to absorb sweat
  • using antiperspirants
  • washing daily with an antibacterial soap
  • dusting the affected area with an absorbent antifungal powder once it is clean and dry

Anyone who finds that the problem keeps coming back should speak to a doctor.

Intertrigo is a skin condition that happens when areas of moist skin rub against each other. It causes a red, raw-looking rash and can lead to yeast and bacterial infections.

It can happen to anyone, but it is most common in babies, older people, individuals with mobility problems, and those with obesity.

People can easily treat the rash at home with over-the-counter creams and lotions. They can also prevent it from coming back by keeping the area clean and dry.

Anyone who experiences multiple incidences of intertrigo should speak to a doctor.

diagnostics, treatment, preparations and ointments

Where can I buy?

Encyclopedia

Fungus

Damage to human skin by pathogenic fungi is called skin fungus.

The author of the article

Moshkova Elena Mikhailovna

Dermatovenereologist, head of the KDO for the provision of paid services, St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare “City Dermatovenerologic Dispensary”, St. Petersburg.

Audio version of the page:

Where can a fungal infection be localized in the body?

Human skin is a habitual habitat for various bacteria and fungi. And most of these cohabitants are representatives of the normal microflora of the skin. That is, their number is insignificant in order to form complications for the body. However, reduced immunity, taking certain medications, skin abrasions, and other predisposing factors increase the risk of a fungal infection.

Any fungal disease is called mycosis . All mycoses can be divided into superficial and deep.

Superficial mycoses include:

  • Dermatophytosis (fungi)
  • Candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes (fungi of the genus Candida)
  • Rare superficial mycoses

Deep mycoses:

  • Actinomycosis (causative agent – bacteria Actinomycetes. The disease is characterized by a chronic purulent process of the skin, bones and internal organs)
  • Mycetoma (capable of causing about 20 different types of fungi. Actinomycetes bacteria can also be involved. Fungi penetrate the body through wounds and skin abrasions. As a rule, thickening appears on the skin of the hand or foot, fistulous passages are formed. Bones are involved in the process, leading to limb deformity)
  • Chromoblastomycosis (causative agent – dimorphic fungi that live mainly in the soil. Chronic purulent inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue occurs, keloid-like scars can form)
  • Sporotrichosis (pathogen – Sporothrix schenckii – a saprophytic fungus that lives in the soil and on decaying plants. The disease can affect the skin, lungs, bones, joints, central nervous system)

The most common superficial mycoses are dermatophytosis and candida fungal infection.

How to treat a fungus of the skin, see a short video of a dermatovenereologist, professor, doctor of medical sciences, Tamrazova Olga Borisovna

Dermatophytosis

Diseases caused by dermatophyte fungi. These fungi live by nourishing the skin, hair, and nails with keratin.

In humans, the causative agents of dermatophytosis are fungi of the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton.

Fungal diseases of the nails

The most common fungus of the toenails (onychomycosis). But we must not forget about the fungal infection of the nails on the hands. Any dermatophyte fungus can cause onychomycosis . The most common fungi are T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The main complaint of patients with this disease is the unaesthetic appearance of the nail plates: discoloration, thickening of the nail.

In a fungal infection, the nails turn yellow, brown or black discoloration may appear, in some cases whitish and gray. More often, the nail plates with onychomycosis thicken, up to onychogryphosis (thickening of the nail plate with a curvature in the form of a claw of a griffon bird). Sometimes such nails take the form of a horn or a spiral, in advanced cases, the size reaches up to 8 cm. The surface of the nail with onychogryphosis is most often uneven. There is also onycholysis – detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed. At the same time, many people do not attach importance to the changes in the nail plates that have begun and seek help from a specialist when the problem is already difficult to hide. It is important that the untreated fungus of one nail will eventually pass to other plates. Then it will be impossible to solve the problem only with external therapy. You will need to prescribe antifungal drugs inside.

In any case, before making a diagnosis, it is necessary to examine a piece of the nail for mycelium of the fungus by a doctor. If the result is negative, you need to think about other diseases masquerading as nail fungus (nail psoriasis, yellow nail syndrome, bacterial infection, etc.).

Fungus of the skin of the feet

Mycoses of the feet (rubrophytosis, epidermophytosis) are rare in children. The main predisposing factor for the development of infection is a change in the composition of sebum and skin pH. Skin abrasions when wearing tight shoes, sweating feet, wearing synthetic socks increase the risk of fungal attachment. Depending on the time of existence of the disease and other factors, the clinical picture may vary. From an erased form with minimal manifestations in the form of slight peeling and cracks to diaper rash with erosion, deep and painful cracks.

For eczema with localization on the feet, it makes sense to exclude a fungal infection.

How to treat foot fungus, see the video of Professor Tamrazova O.B.

Skin fungus of the hands

Fungal infection on the hands can be only on one hand – the working one. The term “syndrome of two feet and one hand” has become entrenched in the medical community – a combination of mycosis of two feet at once and the localization of the fungal process on one hand.

This syndrome indicates self-infection of the skin of the hand from the feet, for example, when scratching to relieve itching.

Fungus on the skin of the body

T. rubrum can be localized on any part of the body, including the face. In a typical variant, the rash is represented by pinkish-red spots with a bluish tinge, peeling, and there may be a red roller on the border with healthy skin. When the lesion is located in large folds of the skin (groin, under the mammary glands), severe itching occurs.

Doctors classify some fungal infections into a separate group – keratomycosis (fungi affect the most superficial layer of the epidermis of the skin – horny), so there is no inflammation of the skin, as with other mycoses. This group includes versicolor versicolor (pityriasis). The causative agent is Pityrosporum ovale. Rashes are localized in places of increased sweating. Represented by spots of pink or pink-yellow color. On tanned skin, they look like white spots. The sizes of rashes vary from 1 cm to 10-15 cm and more.

There is also a group of extremely contagious fungal diseases:

  • Microsporia
  • Trichophytosis

Microsporia

Microsporia can affect the scalp, trunk, arms and legs. The causative agent is fungi of the genus Microsporum.

The hair on the head breaks off at a height of 4-5 mm from the surface of the skin, so microsporia has a second name – ringworm. On the skin of the body, the disease appears in pink spots with gray scales.

The source of the disease is animals with microsporia and an infected person. You can also get infected in public places, through household items.

Trichophytosis

Trichophytosis affects the scalp, may appear on the skin of the body and affect the nails. On the head, the hair breaks off almost to the very root. On the skin of the body, edematous spots form with a sharp border with healthy skin. There may be small bubbles on the surface of the spots. In the chronic course of the disease, the nail plates can also be affected.

The disease is transmitted from a sick person and through contaminated objects of common use (for example, through hairdressing accessories, toys).

Favus (scab)

Pathogen – Trichophyton schonleinii. Dirty gray and yellow crusts form on the scalp, visually resembling a honeycomb. With a long duration of this disease and the absence of treatment, persistent baldness is formed.

Candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes

Candidiasis of the skin

They like to settle in large folds (axillary, inguinal, under the mammary glands, fold of the lower abdomen) fungi of the genus Candida are unicellular yeast fungi. Usually, there must be predisposing factors for the occurrence of a candidal skin infection, for example: reduced immunity, HIV infection, high blood sugar, active sweating, skin friction, some skin diseases. The main symptom suggestive of skin candidiasis is a whitish plaque that can be removed against the background of reddening of the skin.

Fungus in the oral cavity

Under certain factors (antibiotic therapy, decreased immunity), the active growth and reproduction of the fungus of the genus Candida in the oral cavity occurs, which leads to the development of symptoms of a fungal disease. In this case, there may be candidal pharyngitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils), stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), cheilitis (inflammation of the red border of the lips, seizures). Patients often complain of pain when eating, dry mouth, burning sensation.

Fungus on the mucous membrane of the genital organs

The development of thrush (urogenital candidiasis) occurs as a result of a violation of the normal microflora of the vagina and the active growth of fungi of the genus Candida. The main symptoms of the disease are itching, burning, discomfort in the intimate area, the appearance of curdled discharge.

In men, fungi of the genus Candida cause the development of diseases such as candidal balanoposthitis (inflammation of the skin of the glans penis and foreskin), urethritis.

Diagnosis of skin fungus

To diagnose any disease, it is important to honestly answer the following questions in a conversation with a doctor:

  • Is it the first time a rash of this nature has appeared?
  • How did the disease start and when?
  • What do you attribute the rash to?
  • Have you ever consulted a doctor about this skin process?
  • What was the treatment and what was the effect of the previous therapy?

It is advisable not to apply fucorcin, brilliant green, methylene blue solution, iodine to the focus with a skin rash – this can make it difficult to visually assess the skin process. To establish a diagnosis, it is important for a doctor to find “primary morphological elements” in the lesion. Antiseptics stain the skin and make it difficult to find or completely mask the elements.

Your doctor may use a Wood’s lamp test to diagnose a fungal infection. For example, microsporia is characterized by an emerald glow. Dermoscopy (examination of the skin under magnification with a dermatoscope) can also help in the diagnosis.

However, a skin scraping or examination of a piece of a nail for fungus mycelium is of the greatest value. In some cases, it may be necessary to culture a sample of the affected area with the determination of the activity of antimicrobial drugs (antifungal drugs) for a specific type of microorganism.

Treatment of skin fungus

After diagnosis, treatment is prescribed, which depends on the location and extent of the fungal infection, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases. The doctor may prescribe both topical therapy and complex therapy using antifungal drugs for oral administration.

For the treatment of nail fungus, in addition to the main treatment, mechanical treatment and laser therapy of the nail plates may be recommended.

Types of drugs for the treatment of skin fungus

Shampoos, creams, ointments, solutions, sprays with antimycotics can be used for skin fungus. Doctors prescribe these dosage forms, guided not only by the localization of skin mycosis, but also by the active substance included in the composition.

e.g. topical preparations containing sertaconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole 2 , in a number of studies have shown high efficiency in skin candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, erythrasma, candidal vulvitis.

Although many antifungal drugs are effective in the treatment of most fungal infections, there is a risk of fungal resistance to the active ingredients. A wide spectrum of action and several antifungal mechanisms (triple action) make it possible to distinguish among the list of drugs drugs based on sertaconazole .

Instruction

Zalain ® Cream for the treatment of skin fungus

Cream based on the antimycotic sertaconazole (Zalain ® Cream 2%) is indicated for the treatment of various fungal infections of the body and face, as well as feet and hands. Doctors prescribe the drug in the treatment of versicolor (pityriasis), seborrheic dermatitis 4 .

Zalain® Cream 2% has a triple mechanism of action 14 :

  • Promotes the destruction of fungi (fungicidal action)
  • Inhibits its development (fungistatic action)
  • In fungi of the genus Candida, it inhibits the transition of the fungus from a neutral form to a pathogenic one

Due to the pronounced fungicidal action (destruction of the fungus), the problem of resistance against fungi of the genus Candida is solved. In addition, benzothiafene has lipophilicity, which ensures good penetration of the drug into the skin, which enhances the local antifungal effect.

Zalain ® is active against fungal pathogens – Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Pityrosporum orbiculare, Malassezia spp, Trichophyton and Microsporum. Also acts on Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.) and protozoa.

Has an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect, helps relieve itching 4 .

With daily topical application of the drug based on sertaconazole for two weeks, the components of the drug are not detected in the urine and blood. The same can be noted when using vaginal suppositories with sertaconazole 3 , which indicates a high safety profile of the drug. Therefore, the agent is widely used in medicine in various dosage forms 5 .

Doctors recommend applying a thin layer on rashes covering 1 cm of healthy skin 1-2 times a day for 2-4 weeks.

Has a triple effect: antifungal, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory

Used 1-2 times a day

Where to buy Zalain ® Cream for the treatment of skin fungus

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Prevention of skin fungus

The main thing in the prevention of skin and nail fungus is personal hygiene:

do not wear someone else’s shoes

use personal manicure accessories

in public places (bath, sauna, pool) do not walk barefoot

wear underwear made of natural, breathable materials

monitor the health of the whole body, including keeping blood sugar levels under control

when washing the body do not use aggressive products that can upset the balance of skin microflora

For intimate hygiene, choose the “right” products.

Zalagel ® Intim

Zalagel ® Intim is a moisturizing gel for external intimate hygiene that gently cleanses the skin of the delicate area. The tea tree oil, which is part of Zalagel® Intimate, has antifungal, antibacterial, antiprotozoal (detrimental to protozoan unicellular microorganisms), antiviral effects, relieves itching.

Slightly alkaline pH (8-9) Zalagel ® Intim promotes the creation of a destructive environment for fungi of the genus Candida (causative agent of thrush). Betaine, which is part of the gel, prevents dryness of the intimate area, maintains the physiological balance of the skin and mucous membranes. The tool is suitable for daily care of the intimate area, including during the treatment of various gynecological diseases.

Gently cleanses the intimate area

Creates a destructive environment for fungi of the Candida genus

Protects the female genital organs from infections

Tea tree oil in the composition of the product has an antibacterial and antiviral effect

Reduces itching and irritation 9000 3

Where to buy Zalagel ® Intimacy

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Instruction

Answers to questions

What happens if the fungus is not treated?

Answer: it all depends on the causative agent of the fungal infection. Some diseases are highly contagious, such as microsporia. It is impossible to leave microsporia without treatment. Others, such as multi-colored lichen, will cause a problem only to its owner. It is advisable to start treating fungal nail infections as soon as a change in the color or density of the nail plastic is noticed, otherwise only local therapy is indispensable.

How long can topical anti-fungal agents be used?

Answer: for each drug, the duration and scheme of application will be different.

How can you tell if it’s a fungal infection?

Answer: It is impossible to recognize a certain fungal disease on your own, you need to seek medical help from a dermatologist. Even discoloration of the nail plates is not always fungal in nature.

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What are antifungal ointments and how do they differ when applied.

Sources

  1. National Guide to Dermatovenereology edited by prof. Yu. S. Butova, acad. RAMS Yu.K. Skripkina, prof. OL Ivanova
  2. Rational pharmacotherapy of skin diseases and sexually transmitted infections. A. A. Kurbanova, 2007
  3. Vidal’s Handbook, instructions for Zalain®
  4. breast cancer. The use of sertaconazole in outpatient practice. Professor I. V. Khamaganova1, Ph.D. D. F. Kashevarov1, Ph. D. E.N. Malyarenko2, Ph.D. M. V. Maksimova2 NI Pirogov, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 2 Moscow Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology.
  5. RLS, the official instruction of the substance sertaconazole.
  6. Vidal’s Handbook
  7. Study of the efficacy and safety of Zalain® 2% cream in the treatment of skin mycoses. I. G. Sergeeva, Yu. M. Krinitsyna Novosibirsk State University
  8. Radar, official instructions for Zalain®, dated 2021
  9. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A, Cassone A, Salvatore G. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:158
  10. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. In vitro susceptibilities of lactobacilli and organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:196
  11. Pena EF. Melaleuca alternifolia oil. Its use for trichomonal vaginitis and other vaginal infections. Obstet Gynecol 1962;19:793-5
  12. Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Python Res 2009; 24(5):673-9
  13. Bassett, I. B., D. L. Pannowitz, and R. S. Barnetson. 1990. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med. J. Aust. 153:455–458
  14. Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, Quindós G. Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013 Apr;11(4):347-58. doi: 10.1586/eri.13.17. PMID: 23566144.

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