What are the most effective over-the-counter treatments for yeast infections. How do miconazole nitrate vaginal creams work to relieve symptoms. What are the potential side effects and interactions of using OTC yeast infection medications.

Understanding Yeast Infections and Their Causes

Yeast infections, medically known as candidiasis, occur when there is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans in the body. While Candida normally exists in small amounts on the skin and mucous membranes, certain factors can lead to its excessive growth, resulting in an infection.

Common causes of yeast infections include:

• Antibiotic use
• Hormonal changes (e.g., during pregnancy or menstruation)
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes
• Tight, non-breathable clothing
• High sugar diets

Are certain individuals more prone to yeast infections? Yes, some people may be more susceptible due to factors like frequent antibiotic use, uncontrolled diabetes, or a compromised immune system. However, it’s important to note that anyone can develop a yeast infection under the right conditions.

Recognizing Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infections

Identifying the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection is crucial for timely treatment. Common signs include:

• Intense itching and irritation in the vaginal area
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Thick, white, odorless discharge with a cottage cheese-like consistency
• Vaginal pain or soreness

Can symptoms vary in severity? Indeed, the intensity of symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and irritation. Some women may experience only one or two symptoms, while others may have multiple signs of infection.

Over-the-Counter Treatment Options for Yeast Infections

Fortunately, many effective over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are available for yeast infections. These typically come in the form of antifungal creams, suppositories, or tablets. Some popular OTC options include:

1. Miconazole (Monistat)
2. Clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin)
3. Tioconazole (Vagistat-1)

How do these medications work? OTC antifungal treatments work by killing the excess Candida yeast or preventing its growth, thereby helping to restore the natural balance of microorganisms in the vaginal area.

Miconazole Nitrate: A Closer Look at This Effective Antifungal

Miconazole nitrate is one of the most commonly used antifungal medications for treating yeast infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungals and works by preventing the growth of fungus.

Key points about miconazole nitrate:

• Available in various forms: creams, suppositories, and combination packs
• Typically used for 1-7 days, depending on the strength and formulation
• Can be found in different strengths (2% and 4% are common)
• Often comes with an external cream for symptom relief

Is miconazole nitrate effective for all types of yeast infections? While it’s highly effective for most vaginal yeast infections caused by Candida albicans, some resistant strains may require prescription-strength medications or alternative treatments.

Proper Application and Usage of Yeast Infection Creams

Using yeast infection creams correctly is essential for their effectiveness and to minimize potential side effects. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after application
2. Read the package instructions carefully
3. Use the provided applicator if one is included
4. Apply the cream at bedtime for best results
5. Continue treatment for the full recommended duration, even if symptoms improve

Should the cream be used during menstruation? It’s generally best to avoid using vaginal creams during your period, as menstrual flow can wash away the medication. If treatment is necessary during this time, consult with a healthcare provider for guidance.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While OTC yeast infection treatments are generally safe, they can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include:

• Burning or itching sensation
• Headache
• Abdominal cramps
• Skin rash

Are there any serious side effects to be aware of? In rare cases, severe allergic reactions can occur. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, severe dizziness, or swelling of the face, tongue, or throat.

Precautions and Contraindications

Before using any OTC yeast infection treatment, consider the following precautions:

• Consult a healthcare provider if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding
• Avoid use if you have a history of allergic reactions to antifungal medications
• Do not use tampons, douches, or other vaginal products while using the medication
• If symptoms persist or worsen after treatment, seek medical advice

When to Seek Professional Medical Help

While OTC treatments are effective for many yeast infections, there are situations where professional medical help is necessary. Consider seeing a healthcare provider if:

• It’s your first yeast infection
• You’re pregnant
• Symptoms are severe or don’t improve with OTC treatment
• You have frequent recurrent infections
• You have other health conditions like diabetes or HIV

How can a healthcare provider diagnose a yeast infection? Doctors can perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of vaginal discharge to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Prevention Strategies for Yeast Infections

While not all yeast infections can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and habits can reduce your risk:

1. Wear breathable, cotton underwear
2. Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose
3. Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
4. Maintain good hygiene, but avoid douching
5. Limit sugar intake in your diet
6. Use antibiotics only when necessary

Can probiotics help prevent yeast infections? Some studies suggest that probiotics, particularly those containing Lactobacillus species, may help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome and reduce the risk of yeast infections. However, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Alternative and Complementary Treatments for Yeast Infections

While OTC antifungal medications are the primary treatment for yeast infections, some people explore alternative or complementary approaches. These may include:

• Tea tree oil
• Boric acid suppositories
• Garlic
• Coconut oil
• Apple cider vinegar

Are these alternative treatments effective? The efficacy of many alternative treatments lacks strong scientific evidence. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative remedies, as some may interact with medications or cause irritation.

Dietary Considerations

Some dietary changes may support overall vaginal health and potentially reduce the risk of yeast infections:

• Limiting sugar and refined carbohydrates
• Increasing probiotic-rich foods (e.g., yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut)
• Consuming foods with antifungal properties (e.g., garlic, coconut oil)

While these dietary adjustments may be beneficial for overall health, they should not replace medical treatment for active yeast infections.

Understanding Drug Interactions with Yeast Infection Treatments

When using OTC yeast infection treatments, it’s important to be aware of potential drug interactions. Some medications that may interact with antifungal creams include:

• Warfarin (a blood thinner)
• Oral contraceptives
• Certain HIV medications

How can you avoid drug interactions? Always inform your healthcare provider or pharmacist about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you’re taking before starting any new treatment, including OTC yeast infection medications.

Impact on Birth Control Effectiveness

There’s some concern that vaginal yeast infection treatments may reduce the effectiveness of latex condoms and diaphragms. To err on the side of caution:

• Use alternative forms of birth control during treatment
• Wait at least 72 hours after completing treatment before relying on these barrier methods

Navigating Recurrent Yeast Infections

Recurrent yeast infections, defined as four or more infections in a year, can be frustrating and may require a different approach to treatment. Strategies for managing recurrent infections include:

1. Long-term antifungal therapy
2. Identifying and addressing underlying causes (e.g., diabetes management)
3. Maintenance therapy with weekly or monthly antifungal treatments
4. Probiotics or other supplements to support vaginal health

Is there a cure for chronic yeast infections? While there’s no permanent cure, proper management can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of infections. Working closely with a healthcare provider is crucial for developing an effective long-term strategy.

The Role of Sexual Partners

In some cases, sexual partners may contribute to recurrent yeast infections. Consider the following:

• Male partners can develop penile yeast infections and may need treatment
• Using condoms can help prevent the spread of yeast between partners
• Both partners may benefit from antifungal treatment in cases of recurrent infections

Yeast Infections in Special Populations

Certain groups may require special consideration when it comes to yeast infection treatment:

Pregnant Women

Yeast infections are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Treatment considerations include:

• Some OTC treatments are safe during pregnancy, but always consult a healthcare provider first
• Longer treatment durations may be necessary
• Oral antifungals are generally avoided during pregnancy

Diabetics

People with diabetes are more prone to yeast infections. Management strategies include:

• Maintaining good blood sugar control
• More frequent monitoring for infections
• Potentially longer or more aggressive treatment courses

Immunocompromised Individuals

Those with weakened immune systems may experience more severe or frequent yeast infections. Considerations include:

• More aggressive treatment approaches
• Close monitoring for complications
• Potential use of prophylactic antifungal medications

How do treatment approaches differ for these special populations? Treatment for these groups often requires closer medical supervision and may involve prescription-strength medications or longer treatment durations to ensure effective management of yeast infections.

The Future of Yeast Infection Treatment

Research into yeast infections and their treatment is ongoing. Some areas of current interest include:

• Development of new antifungal medications
• Exploration of probiotic therapies
• Investigation of natural compounds with antifungal properties
• Improved diagnostic techniques for faster, more accurate detection

What advancements can we expect in yeast infection treatment? While it’s difficult to predict specific breakthroughs, ongoing research aims to develop more effective treatments with fewer side effects, as well as better strategies for managing recurrent infections.

Personalized Medicine Approaches

The future may also bring more personalized approaches to yeast infection treatment, such as:

• Genetic testing to identify individuals at higher risk for recurrent infections
• Tailored probiotic therapies based on individual microbiome profiles
• Customized treatment plans based on the specific strain of Candida causing the infection

These advancements could lead to more effective, targeted treatments and better long-term management strategies for those prone to yeast infections.

Yeast Infection Cream | Walgreens

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• Walgreens Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream (1.5 oz )Walgreens

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Yeast Infection Cream

Yeast infections can be a bothersome and uncomfortable experience, and they can affect anyone. While yeast infections can occur in different parts of the body, including the mouth, nail beds and moist areas of skin, vaginal yeast infections are very common, affecting nearly 3 out of 4 women in their lifetimes. There are a variety of over-the-counter products available to ease the symptoms associated with vaginal yeast infections and help prevent the infection from getting worse. These include antifungal creams and suppositories in various doses and quantities. All of these varieties of yeast infection treatments can be purchased in stores or online at Walgreens.

What is a yeast infection?

A yeast infection (candidiasis) is an overgrowth of a certain type of fungus called Candida that is normally harmless and found on the body. However, some environmental and health conditions can cause this yeast to overpopulate and bring about bothersome symptoms. Yeast infections can occur on the skin and the mucous membranes, which can include the mouth, digestive tract, vagina, armpits, breasts and other sites that may retain moisture.

Vaginal yeast infections can happen to anyone. However, pregnancy, antibiotics and diabetes may put certain women more at risk for developing them. Wearing non-breathable clothing such as synthetic fabric underwear may also contribute to yeast growth. Luckily, there are products and medications available at Walgreens in stores and online that may help you find relief from a yeast infection.

What are the common symptoms of a yeast infection?

Vaginal yeast infections are quite unpleasant, and symptoms can get more intense with time. Some of the common symptoms may include:

• Burning sensation, especially during sexual intercourse or urination
• Itching, swelling, and redness in and around the vagina
• Watery, white or yellow cheese-like discharge from the vagina
• Vaginal soreness or pain

Many of these symptoms can mimic other infections or health conditions so it’s important that you contact your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing these symptoms. Some yeast infections can become worse or require additional treatment.

How does yeast infection cream work?

Yeast infection creams are intended to alleviate symptoms and reduce the population of fungus. There are multiple treatment options for vaginal yeast infections, including medicated suppositories and creams as well as homeopathic remedies.

Some over-the-counter vaginal yeast infection products and creams may help relieve symptoms or get rid of the infection with just a single dose. Some of the more common antifungal ingredients in yeast infection creams may include miconazole, clotrimazole, or tioconazole. If you use a yeast infection cream and continue to have symptoms, tell your healthcare provider.

How to use yeast infection cream

Different vaginal yeast infection creams may be intended to be used for different periods of time. You should follow all product instructions carefully and use as directed. Over-the-counter vaginal yeast infection treatment products will usually come with an applicator that is used to insert the cream or suppository into the vagina. Most creams or antifungal capsules are inserted into the vagina at bedtime for one or more days, depending on the product. If you have any questions about yeast infection creams, ask your Walgreens pharmacist in store or online in Pharmacy Chat.

How to Use MONISTAT® Yeast Infection Treatment

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Not Sure How To Treat?

How do you treat a yeast infection without a prescription? It’s easy! You reach for the #1 gynecologist recommended OTC brand, MONISTAT®. MONISTAT® offers 1-day, 3-day and 7-day yeast infection treatments— which come in a variety of formats, and some which come with external itch cream, called a “Combination Pack.” The number of “days” of treatment corresponds to the number of doses– so a “3-Day” treatment means you’ll use 3 doses to treat your yeast infection. Although the number of “days” of treatment varies with the 1-day, 3-day and 7-day products, all doses cure most vaginal yeast infections in the same amount of time, equally and effectively.

An important note, before we explain the directions for how to use MONISTAT® treatments: While our products can be used by adults and children over 12, do not self-treat with MONISTAT® if this is your first yeast infection.

If a doctor has told you in the past that you had a vaginal yeast infection and you have the same symptoms now (such as vaginal discharge, itching or burning), then MONISTAT® products may work for you.

If you have another medical condition, like diabetes, or are pregnant, please talk to your doctor before buying and using MONISTAT®.

You can use these treatments while you have your period. However, do not have sex or use tampons, douches, spermicides, condoms or diaphragms until after you have completed the treatment and your symptoms are gone.

Below you will find instructions on how to apply each MONISTAT® yeast infection product.  However, once you buy Monistat®, you should read the entire leaflet that comes in the box.

MONISTAT® 1 products are maximum strength, single-dose yeast infection treatments designed to be an easy solution for busy women with active lifestyles. The one-day ovule has been formulated so you can apply the treatment during the day or at night, whereas all other Monistat® treatments should be used at night Below you’ll find MONISTAT® 1-Day directions for use for both MONISTAT® 1 products.

• How to use MONISTAT® 1-Day Treatment Combination Pack Ovule (miconazole nitrate)

  The Monistat 1-Day Treatment Combination Pack includes a  single Ovule insert that goes directly in the vagina with an applicator and a cream to relieve external itching and irritation. It’s important to keep the Ovule insert dry before use.

  How to insert the ovule: When ready, open the pouch and put the Ovule in at the top (wider) end of the applicator. (See the illustration in the instructions.) Once the Ovule is secure in the applicator, hold the applicator at the bottom end and insert the top end into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go, like you would a tampon. Push in the moveable plunger with your finger so the Ovule gets inserted in your vagina. Gently pull out the empty applicator and throw it away (do not flush). The ovule gradually melts to deliver medicine directly to the site of the infection.

  The MONISTAT® 1 Ovule® stays in place and can be used day or night, making it a great solution for women who don’t want to wait until bedtime to begin treating their yeast infection, or for those who exercise frequently or engage in high levels of activity.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve external itching and irritation, you can use the included itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.

  You can find and download full instructions here..

• How to use MONISTAT® 1-Day Treatment Prefilled Ointment (tioconazole)

  This MONISTAT® 1-Day treatment uses a different ingredient than the combination pack above. Because some women may be sensitive to the high dose of miconazole nitrate used in the other Monistat 1-Day treatment, this prefilled ointment uses tioconazole 6.5%.

  This vaginal antifungal product includes one dose of ointment in a ready-to-use, convenient, pre-filled applicator. First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Unscrew and remove the purple cap from the applicator. Then insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. As you would with a tampon, use a finger on the other hand to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the ointment as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

MONISTAT® 3 products spread out the dosage of yeast infection treatment over three days. This selection is a great option for women who want consistent treatment and relief at moderate dosage levels, instead of a one-day higher dose. Below you’ll find directions for using four different MONISTAT® 3-Day products.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Suppositories (miconazole nitrate)

  This pack comes with 3 vaginal suppository inserts and disposable applicators. It also includes itch cream for external itch relief. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to insert the suppositories: Take one suppository out of the packaging and put it in the top of the applicator so it won’t fall out. Hold the applicator from the bottom end where the moveable plunger is, and insert the applicator into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go. Push the plunger in to release the suppository, as you would normally insert a tampon. Pull out both parts of the applicator and throw it away (do not flush). Wash your hands, then lie down as soon as possible to minimize any leakage. Repeat these steps over the next 2 nights with the remaining suppositories.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  Download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Ovule® (miconazole nitrate)

  This regular strength yeast infection treatment comes with 3 Ovule® inserts and contoured disposable applicators for easy use. Plus it includes a cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the ovule: When ready, open the pouch and put the Ovule in the top (wider) end of the applicator. (See the illustration in the instructions.) Once the Ovule is securely placed, hold the applicator at the bottom end and insert the top end first into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go, like you would a tampon. Push in the moveable plunger using a finger on your other hand to place the Ovule in your vagina. Gently pull out the empty applicator and throw away (do not flush).  You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner. Repeat these steps over the next 2 nights.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Prefilled Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  This MONISTAT® combination pack contains a regular strength yeast infection treatment that comes in 3 prefilled, ready-to-use applicators. It also includes itch cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the cream: First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Unscrew and remove the blue cap from the applicator. Then insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. As you would with a tampon, use one hand holding the applicator in place, and use a finger to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush. Repeat these steps using the other pre-filled applicators over the next 2 nights.

  You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Prefilled Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Prefilled Cream is a regular strength yeast infection treatment that comes with 3 prefilled, ready-to-use applicators. For the best experience, you should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Then remove the blue cap from the applicator, and insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator. Do this by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably, as if you are inserting a tampon. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. Use one hand to hold the applicator in place, and use a finger o to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush.

  Lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream to help reduce leakage. Repeat these steps using the other pre-filled applicators over the next 2 nights.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

Some women want to use a yeast infection treatment that uses a lower dose over a longer time period. For example, the U.S. CDC recommends that women who are pregnant or have diabetes only use a 7-day topical yeast infection treatment instead of higher dose and internal options.  (Note, women who are pregnant or diabetic should consult their healthcare provide before using Monistat or any other treatment.)

MONISTAT® 7 is a low dose yeast infection treatment. Learn how to use both of our MONISTAT® 7 treatments, below.

• How to use MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Combination Pack Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Combination Pack Cream is a low dose yeast infection treatment that comes with 7 empty applicators and a tube of cream that you put into each applicator before using. This pack also includes itch cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the cream: Open the tube of miconazole nitrate vaginal cream and press the sharp point of the cap into the sealed end of the tube until the seal breaks open. Attach the applicator to the tube of cream by placing the “A” end of the applicator firmly onto the tube of cream (see picture in instructions). Do not pull out the applicator plunger. Gently squeeze the cream into the applicator until the applicator is full, which you’ll see when the plunger has been fully pushed out.  Once it is full, separate the applicator from the tube. Do not release pressure on the tube until you have separated it from the filled applicator. Replace the cap and roll up the empty part of the tube from the bottom. Similar to how you would use a tampon, gently insert the applicator into your vagina as far as it will go comfortably. To do this, you can lie on your back with your knees bent or standing. With one hand holding the applicator barrel, use a finger on your other hand to push the plunger all the way in. This will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina. Throw away the applicator after use. Do not flush any part of it in the toilet.

  Wash your hands and then lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream. This will help reduce leakage. Over the next 6 days, repeat these steps. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Cream is a low dose yeast infection treatment that comes with a tube of treatment cream and 7 empty applicators. You fill each one right before you use it. This cream can be used inside the vagina or on the skin outside of the vagina, around the vulva to relieve itching.

  How to insert the cream:  Open the tube by unscrewing the cap. Press the sharp point of the cap into the sealed end of the tube to break open the seal. Attach the applicator to the tube of cream by placing “A” end of the applicator firmly onto tube of cream (see illustration in instructions). Do not pull out the applicator plunger. Gently squeeze the cream into the applicator until the applicator is full, which you’ll see when the plunger has been fully pushed out. Separate the applicator from the tube. Do not release pressure on the tube until you have separated it from the filled applicator. After each use, replace the cap and roll up the tube over the empty part from the bottom.

  Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably, like you would with a tampon. You can do this while lying on your back with your knees bent standing. With one hand holding the applicator barrel, use the other hand to push the plunger all the way in. This will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw them away—do not flush them in a toilet.

  Lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream to help minimize leakage. Repeat these steps each night before bedtime for the next 6 days.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

Thrush in women: symptoms and treatment

Thrush (vaginal candidiasis) is an infectious disease caused by the active reproduction of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida on the mucous membranes of the female genital organs.

Along with bacterial infections (bacterial vaginosis), thrush is one of the most common diseases in women, most often occurs in reproductive age, less often in postmenopausal women (in the absence of hormone replacement therapy with estrogen), and even less often in girls before the onset of the first menstruation.

The highest risk of vaginal candidiasis occurs during pregnancy, other risk factors include a weakened immune system and the use of certain medications.

Causes

The most common type of fungus that causes yeast infections is Candida albicans, which is an opportunistic pathogen. Infections caused by other types of Candida are much less common and more difficult to treat. Candida albicans is present in the gastrointestinal tract, in the mouth, vagina, and on the skin. When their number increases, a yeast infection develops, which can affect any of the organs listed.

Risk factors for developing vaginal candidiasis include: taking antibacterial drugs, hormonal changes (during pregnancy), hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches) and other contraceptives (vaginal diaphragm, vaginal ring, intrauterine device), diabetes mellitus, overweight, reduced immunity (due to HIV, immunosuppressive drugs, steroids, chemotherapy drugs), high sexual activity .

Fungal infection is not sexually transmitted, but candidiasis can develop in men after intimacy with a woman with vaginal candidiasis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of thrush include:

• unusual vaginal discharge (watery or white cheesy), odorless;
• itching and burning in the vagina and vulva;
• swelling and redness of the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genitalia;
• pain during intercourse;
• soreness and burning when urinating.

These symptoms are similar to those of other conditions – bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, dermatitis, so it is required to determine what specifically caused them. If they appear for the first time, do not disappear after using over-the-counter remedies for the treatment of thrush, be sure to consult a gynecologist. Important: self-diagnosis and treatment of thrush with over-the-counter drugs is not the most correct tactic. There is always a risk of additional financial burden, improper treatment and side effects caused by it. Only a doctor can determine exactly what is causing your condition.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, medical conditions, medications you are taking, perform a pelvic exam, and take a vaginal swab for microscopic examination.

Treatment of thrush

Treatment of thrush is with antifungal drugs and depends on the severity and frequency of the infection. The doctor may prescribe the antifungal drug miconazole or tecnazole (tablets, suppositories, creams, ointments) for 3 to 7 days if symptoms are mild or moderate, or fluconazole (Diflucan) once (for more severe symptoms, two doses 3 days apart). During pregnancy, oral forms of drugs are not recommended.

For recurrent vaginal candidiasis (4 or more infections per year), long-term antifungals are prescribed.

There is no evidence that probiotics and yogurts containing live lactobacilli improve the condition of women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis.

Benefits of treating thrush at Rassvet Clinic

Gynecologists at Rassvet Clinic have extensive practical experience and extensive knowledge necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

We employ caring and delicate specialists who will definitely help you get rid of an unpleasant problem. Diagnosis and treatment of thrush in the Rassvet clinic is carried out according to the most modern standards, using international clinical recommendations.

References

• Jack D Sobel, MD, UpToDate: Patient education: Vaginal yeast infection (Beyond the Basics) // Last updated: Jan 25, 2021/ https://www. uptodate.com/contents/vaginal-yeast-infection-beyond-the-basics
• MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine: Vaginal yeast infection // Review Date 30/6/2019 / https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm
• Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: Yeast infection (vaginal) // https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999
• Johns Hopkins Medicine: Yeast infection // https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/candidiasis-yeast-infection
• Oluwatosin Goje, MD, MSCR, Cleveland Clinic, MSD Manual: Vaginal Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) // Last full review/revision Apr 2021 / https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/vaginal-infections-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/vaginal-yeast-infection-candidiasis 900 22
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Vaginal Candidiasis // Last reviewed: October 12, 2021 / https://www. cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html

Author:

Amelicheva Alena Alexandrovna
medical editor

Publication date: December 16, 2021

Update date: August 5, 2022

Thrush: treatment and diagnosis in Bishkek

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis 90 003

Treatment

Vaginal candidiasis (vaginal candidiasis, thrush) is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge and intense itching in the vagina and vulva, i.e. area around the opening of the vagina. This is a type of vaginitis or inflammation of the vagina.

Causes

Yeasts of the genus Candida cause vaginal candidiasis. Normally, both yeasts, including the genus Candida, and bacteria are present in the vagina. The number of these microorganisms is balanced. Lactobacilli produce acid that inhibits yeast overgrowth. This balance can be thrown into overgrowth of yeast, which causes vaginal itching, burning, and other classic symptoms of vaginal candidiasis.
Yeast overgrowth can be caused by:

• Use of antibiotics that reduce the growth of lactobacilli, resulting in changes in vaginal pH
• Pregnancy
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Weakening of the immune system
• Taking oral contraceptives or hormonal drugs, resulting in an increase in estrogen levels.

Vaginal candidiasis is most commonly caused by the fungus Candida albicans, but other fungi sometimes cause the disease. Standard therapy usually cures Candida albicans infection. If the disease is caused by another type of yeast, then treatment will be more difficult, and more aggressive therapy may be required.
Vaginal candidiasis can occur after sex, especially after oral-genital contact. However, it is not a sexually transmitted infection and can develop even in women who are not sexually active.
Risk factors
Risk factors for vaginal candidiasis:

• Use of antibiotics. Vaginal candidiasis often develops in women who take antibiotics that destroy beneficial bacteria as well. This leads to overgrowth of yeast.
• Increased estrogen levels. Vaginal candidiasis is common among women who have elevated estrogen levels, such as those who are pregnant, taking high-estrogen oral contraceptives, or receiving estrogen hormone therapy.
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Women with diabetes who have poor blood glucose control are more at risk of developing vaginal candidiasis than those who have good blood sugar control.
• Damage to the immune system. Women with reduced immune reactivity – receiving corticosteroids or suffering from HIV infection – are more susceptible to developing vaginal candidiasis.
• Sexual activity. Although vaginal candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, yeast can be transmitted sexually.

Symptoms

Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis can vary in severity from mild to severe and include:

• Itching and irritation of the vagina and external genitalia (vulva)
• Burning sensation, especially during intercourse or urination
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Pain or discomfort in the vagina
• Watery vaginal discharge (leucorrhoea)
• Rash
• Thick, white, odorless discharge that looks like cottage cheese

Vaginal candidiasis can lead to complications if:

• Significant symptoms: intense redness, swelling, itching, up to cracking, intense pain
• Disease recurs four times a year or more
• The causative agent is a yeast other than Candida albicans
• You are pregnant
• You have uncontrolled diabetes.
• You are immunocompromised due to certain drugs or a disease, such as HIV infection.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis doctor:
Gathers anamnesis. The doctor will ask questions about previous vaginal or sexually transmitted infections.
Performs a gynecological examination. The doctor will examine your vulva to look for signs of infection. The doctor will then insert a special instrument called a speculum into the vagina to spread the walls of the vagina and examine it and the cervix.
Takes a smear from the vagina for analysis. Your doctor may take a swab of your vaginal discharge to determine what type of yeast is causing vaginal candidiasis. This will help prescribe a more effective treatment for a recurrent course of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of vaginal candidiasis depends on whether it is complicated or not.
Uncomplicated vaginal candidiasis
For mild to moderate symptoms and rare episodes, your doctor may recommend:
Short course of topical preparations. Antifungals are available as creams, ointments, tablets and suppositories. The course of treatment lasts one, three or seven days, and this is usually enough. Many drugs have shown effectiveness, for example: butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and terconazole. Some of them are available only with a prescription, some without. Side effects may include burning or irritation upon injection. It may be necessary to change the type of contraception for the duration of treatment. Suppositories and creams are oil based and can potentially damage condoms and vaginal caps.
Single oral preparations. Your doctor may prescribe a single-dose oral medication called fluconazole. If the disease is severe, you can take a second dose three days after.
OTC drugs . Over-the-counter suppositories and creams help many women and can be used during pregnancy. Treatment usually lasts three to seven days.
See your doctor again if symptoms do not go away with treatment or reappear after two months.