How can I get relief from itchy eyelids? What are the causes and treatments for eyelid irritation? Discover the 8 most effective solutions to soothe your eyes.

Identifying the Causes of Itchy Eyelids

Itchy eyelids can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but it is rarely a serious health concern. The irritation is often caused by inflammation in the eye, which can be triggered by various factors such as dryness, seasonal allergies, bacterial infections, eczema, or gland dysfunction. The inflammation disrupts the tear film, leading to a gritty feeling, burning sensation, swollen eyelids, redness, excessive blinking, and itching.

While younger people are more prone to allergic reactions, the elderly are more likely to experience dry eyes and clogged glands (meibomian gland dysfunction). Additionally, the irritation may be more pronounced after taking a bath due to the dryness caused by the surrounding steam.

Addressing Eyelid Irritation with Eye Drops

One of the most effective ways to soothe itchy eyelids is the use of eye drops. These can be designed to address specific issues like allergies, redness, or dryness. However, it’s important to consult an eye doctor if the symptoms persist even after using the eye drops.

Applying Warm and Cold Compresses

Warm compresses can help relieve eyelid irritation associated with styes or clogged glands by improving circulation and reducing inflammation. Simply soak a clean cloth in warm water and apply it to the closed eye for 10 minutes, once or twice daily. In cases of severe itching, especially due to allergies, cold compresses or a splash of cold water can provide relief and prevent permanent damage to the cornea.

Massaging the Eyelids

If you have clogged pores (Meibomian gland dysfunction), a light vertical lid massage after warm compresses can help express the clogged material. This should be done 2-3 times a day for a few weeks to see the full effect.

Maintaining Eyelid Hygiene

Proper eyelid hygiene is crucial in managing itchy eyelids. After washing your hands, use a mild cleaning solution (a 50/50 mix of baby shampoo and warm water) and a clean washcloth to gently wipe your eyelashes and eyelids. This will help prevent the spread of bacteria from one eyelid to the other.

Dietary Considerations for Ocular Health

Incorporating foods rich in vitamins A, C, E, and omega-3 fatty acids can contribute to overall ocular health. These include green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds (such as chia and flax), peanuts, and fish.

Avoiding Potential Irritants

Contact lenses and eye makeup can be a source of eyelid inflammation, so it’s best to avoid them while experiencing irritation. Additionally, it’s important to maintain proper hygiene when using contact lenses. In cases of dry eyes, it’s recommended to avoid working in high heat conditions or under direct airflow, and to use protective glasses if necessary.

Seeking Professional Advice

While most cases of itchy eyes resolve on their own, it’s crucial to visit an eye specialist if the symptoms persist or worsen, causing pain or vision impairment. The doctor can accurately identify the underlying cause and provide the appropriate treatment plan.

Preventing Eyelid Irritation

Can I prevent itchy eyelids from occurring in the first place? Yes, by maintaining good eyelid hygiene, avoiding potential irritants, and incorporating a healthy diet rich in nutrients that support ocular health, you can help reduce the likelihood of developing itchy eyelid irritation.

The Importance of Seeking Professional Help

Why should I see an eye specialist if my eyelids are itchy? While many cases of itchy eyelids may resolve on their own, it’s essential to seek professional advice if the symptoms persist or worsen. An eye specialist can accurately identify the underlying cause and provide the appropriate treatment plan to ensure your eyes stay healthy and comfortable.

Conclusion

In conclusion, itchy eyelids can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but it is rarely a serious health concern. By understanding the potential causes, utilizing effective remedies, and maintaining good eyelid hygiene, you can find relief and prevent further irritation. Remember to consult an eye specialist if the symptoms persist or worsen, as they can provide the necessary guidance and treatment to keep your eyes healthy and comfortable.

Have itchy eyes? 8 effective ways to soothe your eyelid irritation

It is true that an itchy eyelid can be both uncomfortable and irritating, but it is rarely a serious health concern. Although a foreign particle is usually temporary and typically goes away just by blinking or a simple eye wash, there is no blinking away from eyelid irritation. It happens when the eye becomes inflamed and this could be due to various reasons such as dryness, seasonal allergies, bacterial infection, eczema, gland dysfunction, etc. In most of the cases, the irritation is either felt at the edge of the eyelid or on the inner surface of it.

The gland in the eyelids provides components to our tear film, which protects the eye structure. Once inflammation sets in, this component is disrupted, causing an inflammatory cascade and leading to several symptoms, like a gritty feeling in the eye, burning sensation, swollen eyelids, redness, excessive blinking, itching and more. Additionally, itchy eyes in young people are further prone to a weakened cornea, causing refractive error and keratoconus (alteration in corneal curvature).

Apart from the visual effects, the quality of life is also hampered, in moderate to severe cases. However, one will only experience the symptoms that coincide with the specific cause of their inflammation, and not all at once. Hence, better management can be provided if the cause is known. While younger people are more likely to have an allergic component, the elderly are more prone to dry eyes and clogged glands (meibomian gland dysfunction). If you are noticing the redness of eyes and irritation prominently after bath, it may be due to the dryness component aggravated by the surrounding steam.

Also, read: Summer eye care: Protect your eyes from the harsh heat wave

1. Eye drops

Eye drops are one of the most effective ways to cure eyelid irritation. While some of them are designed for allergies and redness, others work like artificial tears for dryness. However, it is important to note that even after using eye drops, if the symptoms persist, get in touch with an eye doctor.

2. Use of warm compress

To relieve eyelid irritation associated with stye or clogged glands, applying a warm compress improves circulation and reduces inflammation over a period of time. It helps unclog any clogged oil glands; these are usually a fatty acid component. An easy way to do that is to soak a clean cloth in warm water and apply it on the closed eye. Hold it there for as long as you need to improve the symptom and provide comfort. This should be done for 10 minutes once or twice daily.

It’s important to take care of your eyes if they are itchy. Image courtesy: Shutterstock

3. Use of cold compresses

In allergic cases, itching is usually severe and is aggravated further in the course. To avoid permanent effects on the cornea, it is important to avoid rubbing eyes in the first place. In mild cases, a splash of cold water may help while in moderate to severe, ice cubes wrapped in a cloth may be applied intermittently to eyelids to decrease the itching.

4.

Lid Massage

In case you have clogged pores (Meibomian gland dysfunction), a light vertical lid massage after warm compresses can help express the clogged material. It can be done 2-3 times a day and must be done for a few weeks for the effect to settle in.

5. Wash your eyelids properly

It is always necessary to maintain eyelid hygiene. After washing your hands, moisten a washcloth with a mild cleaning solution, like a 50/50 mixed solution of baby shampoo and warm water, and carefully wipe your eyelashes and eyelids. It is recommended to use a new clean swab for each eyelid. This will ensure you don’t spread any bacteria from one eyelid to the other.

6. Eat a healthy diet

Food rich in vitamin A, C, E, and omega-3 fatty acids are advised for ocular health. This includes green leafy vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds (like chia and flax seeds), peanuts, and fish.

It’s best not to touch your eyes if you have an infection. Image courtesy: Shutterstock

7.

Avoid potential irritants

Contact lenses and eye makeup can be a source of eyelid inflammation and one must avoid them while experiencing eyelid irritation. It is always recommended to wait until your symptoms have cleared up. Also, while using contact lenses, one must maintain proper hygiene. In cases with dry eyes, one should avoid working directly under airflow, keep the environment humid and avoid working in high heat conditions for a long time. The use of protective glasses under such conditions may also help to some extent.

8. See an eye specialist

Though most cases of itchy eyes do not last very long, and they might even go away on their own, in case they persist and develop further to cause pain or make your vision worse, visit your doctor. The doctor will identify the specific cause for the eyelid irritation and prescribe a targeted treatment. Another reason to visit your doctor is that prolonged, untreated eyelid inflammation can evolve into a more serious issue such as scarring, loss of eyelashes, or weakened cornea.

Eyelid dermatitis: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

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Eyelid dermatitis causes the skin on or around the eyelid to become dry, itchy, and irritated. Moisturizing the skin, avoiding allergens, and applying topical medication are some ways of managing it.

The term may refer to eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis on the eyelids. When the cause is an allergen or irritant, the condition is called eyelid contact dermatitis.

This article discusses how to manage eyelid dermatitis, using treatments and home remedies. It also looks at the symptoms and causes of the condition.

Share on PinterestThe skin on and around the eyelid can become irritated and dry with eyelid dermatitis.

For all kinds of eyelid dermatitis, people should keep the eye area clean and avoid touching it or scratching. This helps to prevent further irritation or infection.

Where possible, it is helpful to identify and avoid contact irritants and allergens that can cause flare-ups. These can include:

• certain makeup brands
• sunscreens
• perfumes
• swimming goggles
• eye drops
• false eyelashes
• contact lens solution
• airborne allergens

To treat eyelid dermatitis caused by atopic dermatitis (eczema) or psoriasis, and for immediate relief from symptoms, a person can:

• Moisturize. Moisturizing creams can relieve dryness and itching. A wide range of creams is available with and without prescription. They are most effective for treating mild dermatitis.
• Use calcineurin inhibitors. This medication is used to treat inflammatory disorders, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. It can be applied as cream or taken orally. It should be used with caution, as it may suppress immune function. Calcineurin inhibitors are available to purchase in pharmacies, health stores, and online.
• Use corticosteroids. Steroid-based creams can be applied directly to the eyelids to treat inflammation and reduce dryness. For widespread cases of dermatitis or eczema, corticosteroids can be taken in tablet form. The strength of the medication depends on the severity of the symptoms. Corticosteroids are available to purchase in pharmacies and online.

People should use corticosteroid creams cautiously as they can lose some of their effectiveness if applied for too long. When used close to the eye, there is a risk of glaucoma if used for long periods of time.

These creams can also induce certain short-term side effect, such as acne, hair growth on the treated areas, and thinning of the skin.

Corticosteroid tablets are reserved for the most severe symptoms, as their side effects can be serious. Possible effects include high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis.

Dermatitis on the eyelids causes inflammation of the thin, sensitive skin around the eyes. The eyelids become irritated, swollen, dry, and reddened. It can affect one or both of the eyes.

If this condition persists, the eyelids can become thickened in a process called lichenification.

When caused by an irritant or allergen, symptoms typically occur within a few hours or days of contact with a trigger substance. Symptoms should subside when the trigger substance is removed.

Common forms of eyelid dermatitis include:

• Allergic contact dermatitis develops because of an allergic reaction that causes inflammation of the skin, such as pollen in a person with hay fever. Some cosmetic products or metals, such as nickel, are common causes of allergic skin reactions.
• Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by the eyelid coming into direct contact with a substance that damages the outer layer of the skin, such as certain types of makeup, soaps, and detergents.
• Atopic dermatitis is a form of eczema that can affect the eyelids.
• Seborrheic dermatitis is a common condition that causes the skin to become inflamed and flakey. It often occurs on the scalp but can also affect oily areas of skin, such as the eyelids.

It is unclear what causes conditions such as atopic dermatitis, though there seems to be a genetic component, and it can run in families.

Share on PinterestChanging to hypo-allergenic eye makeup can help prevent irritation to the eyelid.

The following actions may help to prevent outbreaks of eyelid dermatitis:

• Avoid scratching or rubbing eyelids. This can cause further damage to the skin and increases the risk of infection.
• Make dietary changes. Food allergies can trigger eyelid dermatitis. Dairy products, in particular, can cause symptoms of atopic dermatitis to emerge. A person should consult a doctor before making any significant dietary changes.
• Try anti-itching products. Over-the-counter medications can reduce the urge to itch. A hot or cold compress may also help.
• Avoid certain moisturizers. Products containing formaldehyde, lanolin, parabens, or with a fragrance, may cause additional irritation to the skin.
• Wear protective gear. Shielding the eyes from potential irritants, using goggles or glasses, can help.
• Moisturize regularly. Using a moisturizer on the eyelids each day may prevent symptoms from developing. People should take care not to get moisturizer in the eyes.
• Use less soap. Taking shorter showers or baths will reduce the time skin is exposed to potential irritants. It may also help to use milder soaps, antibacterial soap, or soaps without fragrance.
• Restrict makeup use. Using makeup around the eyes, such as eye shadow or mascara, can irritate the sensitive eye area. Using less or switching to hypo-allergenic brands can be helpful.

The causes, types, and triggers of eyelid dermatitis vary. It may be necessary to try several of these actions before finding the most effective ones.

The skin around the eyes is thin and delicate, and so the eyes are especially sensitive to irritation.

While it is hard to predict who will develop eyelid dermatitis, certain factors may increase the likelihood of the condition developing. These include:

• Age. Infants are more susceptible to certain types, such as seborrheic dermatitis, also called cradle cap.
• Genetics. Skin conditions often run in families.
• Poor personal hygiene. Not keeping the skin clean can lead to the condition.
• Certain professions. These include any with frequent exposure to potential trigger substances, such as agricultural, construction, cosmetic, and beauty workers.
• Certain medications. Medications, such a neomycin or beta-blockers, can be triggers.
• Medical conditions. Hay fever, asthma or other skin conditions, such as acne or psoriasis.

It is possible to self-diagnose eyelid dermatitis if the cause is obvious. Through trial and error, it is possible to identify and avoid triggers without the need for medical attention.

A doctor can often diagnose the form of dermatitis through a physical exam. They may ask about risk factors, such as hay fever.

When an allergic reaction is suspected as the cause, a doctor may recommend a patch test. Here, a common allergen is placed on the skin to test for an allergic reaction.

If an irritant is the suspected cause, a repeated open application test (ROAT) can be used. This involves exposing the skin to the irritant over several days to test for problematic skin reactions.

It can be more difficult to determine a specific irritant compared with an allergen.

Share on PinterestRubbing or scratching the eyes can increase the risk of eye and skin infections.

Some complications that may occur with eyelid dermatitis include:

• Skin infections. Scratching or rubbing the eyes can make the skin vulnerable to infections.
• Eye infections. Bacteria can get into the eye from repeatedly touching or rubbing the region, causing infections.
• Difficulty sleeping. The symptoms of eyelid dermatitis can cause discomfort while sleeping.
• Other skin conditions. It is possible for eyelid dermatitis to occur before skin inflammation on other areas of the body.
• Neurodermatitis. Chronic scratching or rubbing can increase the urge to itch. Persistent scratching can cause the skin to become discolored and leathery.

Eyelid dermatitis poses no serious health risks, though it can be uncomfortable and can interfere with daily life.

In most cases, the symptoms are easily managed with treatment and by avoiding triggers. It can, however, become a long-term and recurring condition.

When triggers cannot be identified or avoided, treatment will be used to manage symptoms as best as possible.

The effectiveness of treatments can depend on the extent of exposure to triggers, and the sensitivity of the skin.

Using strategies to prevent symptoms, such as avoiding itching or rubbing the eyes, will help to improve and reduce the severity or onset of symptoms. A doctor or skin specialist can recommend actions that are most suitable for each person.

Itching of the eyelids – causes and treatment in the MHC

Causes of itching

Actually, itching that occurs in the eyes or eyelids is not an independent pathology. This is just one of the manifestations of some diseases. Moreover, there are quite a lot of conditions that contribute to the appearance of such unpleasant sensations. Among them:

• foreign body in the eye
• healing eye and eyelid injuries
• manifestations of allergy
• corneal ulcers
• blepharitis
• eye involvement with stye, meibomite, abscess
• demodicosis eye, eyelid
• conjunctivitis
• dry eye
• keratitis

The most common cause of itchy eyes is a foreign body. However, depending on the nature of this agent, there are quite a few reasons for seeking medical help. After all, you should not rub your eye or try to remove the interfering object on your own. Such actions, as a rule, only exacerbate the situation. Only a timely appeal to a specialized medical institution will help prevent negative consequences.

Healing of injuries to the eyes or eyelids, especially after surgery, can also cause itching. These are manifestations of the process by which the body gets rid of dead tissue. The eyelids and eyes are itchy and the person blinks frequently. This condition is normal and should not cause concern.

Allergies are another common cause of itchy eyes. Allergens can be household chemicals, decorative or medical cosmetics, ordinary dust, as well as plant pollen and poplar fluff. Itching of the eyes, accompanied by swelling and redness, can become a symptom of a systemic allergy (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis). To remove these unpleasant symptoms, you need to consult an allergist who can professionally find out the causes of the disease and correctly prescribe medications. Particular attention should be paid to allergic manifestations in young children. Indeed, due to children’s physiology, pathological processes proceed rapidly, therefore, assistance must be provided promptly.

Usually, the mucous membrane of the eyes is able to recover from injuries or cracks on its own. However, this does not always happen. Sometimes, itching in the eyes indicates a corneal ulcer of an infectious or non-infectious nature. Such conditions can cause tissue necrosis with the appearance of irreversible processes. The development of a corneal ulcer can also cause dry eye syndrome.

Often, itching in the eyes accompanies the onset of meibomitis, as well as suppuration in the hair follicle of the eyelashes, called stye. The appearance of such a disease is associated with the penetration of a bacterial infection, which develops against a background of reduced immunity. Barley is usually accompanied by the appearance of redness and swelling, its center, when ripe, resembles a white grain, due to pus inside.

Inflammation of the ciliary margin of the eyelids is called blepharitis. This disease also causes unbearable itching in the eyes. It has several varieties: scaly, ulcerative, angular, meibomian, allergic. Therapy for blepharitis is always specific, associated with the cause that caused the inflammation process.

The cause of demodicosis of the eyelids and eyes is the demodex mite, which is normally a permanent inhabitant of our skin. The disease develops in case of violation of metabolic processes, reduced immunity or beriberi. At the same time, crusts appear in the eye area, the eyelids begin to itch, hyperemia of the eyes and eyelids develops. Occasionally, demodicosis of the eyelids is accompanied by itching of the head and dandruff. This is because demodex is able to activate on the entire surface that has a hairline. And, it is not worth being surprised that cosmetic shampoos cannot eliminate dandruff and itching of the head. You just need to use special medications.

Itching of the eyelids is also often caused by a disease of the conjunctiva – conjunctivitis. It can be caused by an allergy, viral or bacterial infection. Self-medication in such a situation is ineffective and even dangerous. With conjunctivitis, you should definitely seek medical help.
Dryness of the mucous membranes of the organ of vision, as a rule, is caused by beriberi, endocrine diseases, age-related changes, and prolonged visual work. Dry eyes are also accompanied by itching and discomfort.

Inflammation of the cornea of ​​an infectious or traumatic nature causes keratitis, which is manifested by itching, redness of the eyes, pain, clouding of the cornea, the appearance of ulcers. Viral and fungal keratitis are especially dangerous.

Treatment of eyelid itching

It should be clearly understood that the treatment of eye diseases is the work of an ophthalmologist. It is very difficult to independently establish the exact cause of the condition that has arisen, and sometimes it is completely impossible. Descriptions of the symptoms of diseases found on the Internet or medical reference books, as a rule, do not give anything. And the unreasonable use of drugs contributes to the distortion of the clinical picture and the transition of the disease to a chronic course, which only aggravates the general condition.

Approach to the choice of means of treatment of a particular eye disease should be professional. After all, the task of a therapeutic agent is to eliminate the cause of the symptom, and not its manifestations. Usually, for the treatment of infectious eye diseases, specialists prescribe antibacterial or antiviral agents. Eye ointments Zovirax (Acyclovir), Nucleavir do an excellent job with viral agents, in addition, eye drops Poludan, Aktipol, Okoferon help well. Bacterial eye infection is effectively eliminated with eye ointments and drops with antibacterial action, such as: Sulfacyl sodium, Norfloxacin, Tetracycline, Tobrex, Gentamicin, Floxal, Ciprofloxacin, Levomycetin, Oftamirin. There are effective remedies that reduce the manifestations of allergic reactions. These are antihistamines used orally: Ceterizine, Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine, as well as drugs used externally: eye drops Cromofarm, Cromohexal and corticosteroids Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone.

Demodicosis can be eliminated only by complex treatment, which includes vitamin therapy, topical preparations and immunity boosters, such as Stop Demodex eye cream and antihistamines.

To avoid diseases that cause itching of the eyes and eyelids, it is necessary to observe very simple rules of personal hygiene and to treat any chronic diseases responsibly. The use of vitamin-mineral complexes for the prevention, plus the organization of an optimal diet throughout the year, will help reduce the risk of eye pathologies.

In the Moscow Eye Clinic medical center, everyone can be examined using the most modern diagnostic equipment, and, based on the results, get advice from a highly qualified specialist. The clinic is open seven days a week and operates daily from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Our specialists will help identify the cause of vision loss and carry out competent treatment of the identified pathologies.

You can make an appointment at the “Moscow Eye Clinic” by phone in Moscow 8 (800) 777-38-81 8 (499) 322-36-36 (daily from 9:00 to 21:00) or by using the online booking form.

Blepharitis: symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment of eye blepharitis

Contents:

• Etiology
• Symptoms
• Clinical forms
• Diagnostics
• Treatment
• Therapy
• Complications
• Prophylaxis

Blepharitis is a large group of eye diseases that are accompanied by inflammation of the eyelid margins and cause discomfort in patients of all ages, ethnicity and gender. Blepharitis is one of the most frequent, having a chronic course, with frequent relapses and, as a rule, 2-sided eye damage. It occurs in adults and children. It is believed that blepharitis affects more than 24% of the total number of patients with inflammatory eye pathology seeking outpatient care. Women get sick more often than men. The incidence of blepharitis increases with age.

Etiology

Damage to the edges of the eyelids by microbes, viruses, fungi, mites, lice. A large group consists of allergic diseases of the eyelids. Often the development of blepharitis is associated with a violation of the tear coating of the cornea – a dry eye disease. It can also develop in violation of the general condition of the body and occurs with reduced nutrition, hypovitaminosis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, tuberculosis, diseases of the teeth, nose, tonsils, and chronic intoxication as a result of helminthic diseases. Very often, blepharitis occurs with uncorrected farsightedness glasses, with poor hygienic working and living conditions.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of blepharitis are: redness and thickening of the edges of the eyelids, swelling, infiltration, skin of the eyelids covered with scales, loss of eyelashes (modarosis), abnormal growth (trichiasis), lacrimation, heaviness in the eyes, fatigue, dryness in eyes, discharge, increased sensitivity to smoke, wind, dust, bright light increases in the evening, burning sensation and itching of the eyelids.

Localization:

• Anterior marginal blepharitis (inflammation of the glands of Zeiss and Moll) affects the ciliary margin, there may be skin manifestations and bacterial keratitis.
• Posterior marginal blepharitis (meibomian glands) develops with hyperfunction, dysfunction or inflammation in the glands, there may be blepharoconjunctivitis and blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.
• Angular – inflammation develops in the corners of the eyes.

According to the nature of the flow, they are distinguished:

• Acute
• Subacute
• Chronic (uncorrected refractive errors, dry eye syndrome, chronic conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal tract diseases, endocrine diseases)

Clinical forms

Ulcerative blepharitis

Caused by a chronic, usually staphylococcal infection, there is a change in the hair follicles of the eyelashes leading to the destruction of the follicle and an ulcer. The edge of the eyelid is hyperemic, thickened, the eyelashes can stick together at the base, scars subsequently form in place of the sores. Eyelashes may fall out (modarosis), cicatricial changes can lead to deformation of the eyelids and abnormal growth of eyelashes (trichiasis). There may also be a lesion of the cornea – marginal bacterial keratitis.

Scaly (seborrheic) blepharitis

Develops in inflammatory diseases associated with eyelash follicles and Zeiss and Moll glands. Often combined with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, eyebrows, body parts. It flows more easily than ulcerative. Eyelashes and edges of the eyelids are powdered with pityriasis scales. Patients complain of burning, itching, heaviness of the eyelids, eye fatigue. The edges of the eyelids may be hyperemic, thickened. Often combined with chronic conjunctivitis, sometimes accompanied by marginal keratitis.

Meibomian blepharitis, or more commonly blepharoconjunctivitis

Develops with inflammation and hypersecretion of the meibomian glands. The edge of the eyelid is thickened, hyperemic, the excretory ducts of the meibomian glands are visible, filled with a yellowish-gray discharge. When pressing on the cartilage of the eyelid, a cloudy pasty secret is squeezed out of the glands. Complaints of itching of the eyelids, frothy discharge in the corners of the eyes. When the glands become infected, edema, hyperemia of the skin and conjunctiva appear, and the discharge increases.

Demodectic blepharitis

Develops due to tick-borne lesions of the edges of the eyelids. Ticks Demodex folliculorum affect the ciliary follicles, can be saprophyte. Demodex brevis – Meibomian glands and glands of Zeiss. Ticks are found at the root of the removed eyelashes. In 80% of cases, asymptomatic carriage, 1-2 individuals (not treatable!) Diagnostic confirmation (laboratory study) is the detection of 4-6 ticks in combination with young forms – eggs, larvae, nymphs.

In the initial stage of the disease, patients complain of constant, sometimes unbearable itching, especially after sleep. During the day, the feeling of pain, sticky discharge, the desire to scratch, wipe the eyes worries.

In the future, a pronounced inflammation of the ciliary edge of the eyelids develops, which become thickened, reddened, meibomitis often develops. The secret of the sebaceous glands and scraps of cells form a “collar” at the base of the eyelashes. Dried discharge accumulates in the form of scales between the eyelashes, forming a yellowish crust. With a long course, it can be accompanied by more severe eye lesions: conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer.

Allergic blepharitis

It develops as a reaction to an allergen (pollen, house dust, animal hair), pseudo-allergic as a toxic reaction to a drug (medicated blepharitis) and infectious-allergic blepharitis as a result of exposure to a bacterial or viral infection. Usually combined with inflammation of the mucosa (allergic blepharoconjunctivitis), occurs with increased sensitivity to drugs, cosmetics and perfumes, pollen, dust (home or industrial), cockroaches, wool, feathers, fluff, household chemicals, pesticides, detergents and more. The same can be observed with eyelash extensions.

Acute allergic blepharitis occurs suddenly: swelling of the eyelids, lacrimation, mucous discharge, pain in the eyes, itching of the eyelids, photophobia. Both eyes are usually affected. Chronic allergic blepharitis is especially characterized by severe, sometimes unbearable itching of the eyelids.

Seasonal exacerbations are characteristic of pollinous blepharitis caused by pollen during the flowering period of grasses, cereals, trees. Drug-induced blepharitis most often develops with long-term use of eye drops and ointments, but can also occur with oral medications.

Eyelid blepharitis with molluscum contagiosum

The virus belongs to the group of poxviruses, pathogenic only for humans, transmitted by contact. The disease is characterized by rashes on the skin of the face, neck, chest, upper and lower extremities, single or multiple nodules. On the skin of the eyelids, one or more nodules are formed, ranging in size from a pinhead to a pea, spherical in shape, smooth, dense, painless, normal skin color, less often with a slight pearly sheen. An indentation appears in the center of the nodule. With the localization of nodules on the eyelids, viral particles can enter the conjunctiva. The secondary immune response leads to the development of secondary blepharitis and follicular conjunctivitis. The follicles are large, mainly on the lower eyelid. Sometimes there is keratitis.

Blepharitis in systemic allergies

In atopic dermatitis, it occurs in almost all patients and is severe with frequent relapses. Often combined with conjunctivitis and keratitis. The anamnesis is characterized by hereditary predisposition to allergic diseases. Eye damage is bilateral, chronic, slowly progressive. The most common complaints of patients on itching of the eyelids and periorbital skin.

Eyelid eczematous dermatitis is characterized by dry, inflamed skin with scales. Meibomian gland dysfunction, keratinization, and dry eye development often occur. The edges of the eyelids are usually infected with staphylococcus aureus, which leads to persistent blepharitis, dry eye syndrome develops. It is also possible to develop conjunctival edema with a papillary reaction mainly on the lower eyelids. Corneal lesions range from punctate erosions to neovascularization, stromal scarring, and ulceration. A tendency to develop a secondary infection is revealed – bacterial, fungal, herpetic.

Blepharitis leading to marginal keratitis or marginal corneal ulcer

Various chronic blepharitis with staphylococcal lesions of the eyelid margins and often the conjunctiva (chronic blepharoconjunctivitis) can lead to their development. Corneal damage is the result of a local staphylococcal hypersensitivity reaction.

Marginal keratitis appears as a yellowish-white infiltrate, usually solitary, near the corneal margin. The conjunctiva adjacent to the area of ​​keratitis is hyperemic, with numerous vessels.

Corneal ulcer appears as a limited superficial infiltrate stained with fluorescein. The conjunctiva is hyperemic, the discharge is insignificant. An ulcer can be long-term, recurrent.

Diagnosis

It is not difficult – this is an examination of the patient by an ophthalmologist on a slit lamp, assessment of the state of the tear film.

If demodicosis blepharitis is suspected, the patient’s eyelashes are taken from the upper and lower eyelids, with further laboratory testing for the presence of the pathogen.

To clarify the infectious nature, a bacterial culture of a smear from the conjunctiva is performed.

Treatment

The main treatment for all forms of blepharitis is the use of hygienic gels on the skin and the edges of the eyelids. The aim of the treatment is to free the meibomian glands from thick secretion and thereby eliminate the nutrient medium favorable for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and mites.

Depending on the clinical course, drugs of other pharmacological groups are added (anti-infectious, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, drugs of complex forms and, of course, tear replacement therapy drugs), if necessary, eyelid massage is performed.

Eyelid hygiene

Gels – Teagel, Blefarogel 1 and Blefarogel 2, Blefaklin wipes, Blefarolotion. They help to clean the eyelids and eyelashes from mucus and scales, dissolve and remove serous mucus from the eyelids, refresh and soften the eyelids. A small amount of gel is applied to a cotton pad, stick or other, and the eyelids and eyelash roots are lubricated, the eyelids are wiped several times in a circular motion until the impurities are removed. Gel residues are removed with a clean disk. Application 1-2 times a day.

Also, to clean the excretory ducts, warm compresses are used in the form of a cotton pad soaked in warm water, which must be squeezed out and put on the eyelids for 5-10 minutes 2-3 times a day.

Antibacterial agents

Included in the complex treatment of blepharitis, since infection is proven or suspected in most cases. Antiseptics that have a wide spectrum of action and good tolerance (vitabakt, chino) or antibiotics with a pronounced bacterial infection are used (Vigamox, Floxal, Tobrex, Signeceph)

Anti -inflammatory drugs

9000 so: Dexamethason – Dexapos, Maxidex or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Nevanak, Broxenac, Diclofenac and as an anti-inflammatory drug – Restasis.

Complex agents

Eye drops and ointments are used, including an antibiotic and dexamethasone: Dexagentamicin, Tobradex, Combinil – Duo.

Antiallergics

Used for severe eye irritation and eyelid edema: Opatanol, Alleogodil, Lecrolin, Oftalmoferon h, Systane balance, Thealoz, Cationorm (restoration of the lacrimal films)

It should be noted that in the first days of treatment, especially in acute cases, drugs are used more often, less often – in the second and third weeks. In the third week, drugs are usually partially replaced, somewhere from the fourth week, including tear replacement agents, and if further treatment is necessary, tear replacement therapy remains. The therapy algorithm is associated with the clinical forms of the disease.

In some cases of chronic blepharitis, treatment may be delayed for several months.

See also

3 diseases that can be treated with manual therapy

Herpes on the lip

Polycystic ovaries: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Magnetotherapy: indications for the procedure and benefits

Therapy

Algorithm for the treatment of ulcerative blepharitis

Basic: Teagel – thorough hygienic treatment of the skin and eyelid margins 2 times a day during the entire course of treatment. Ointments with antibiotics are also used: Kolbiotsin, Floksal, Futsitalmik. In severe cases of ulceration, Dex-gentamicin eye ointment is additionally applied to the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day until the condition improves.

Anti-infective: Vitabact 2-3 times a day for up to 2 weeks, in severe cases – Vigamox, Floxal, Tobrex, Signicef ​​first 3-4 times, and from the second or third week 2 times a day.

Anti-inflammatory: with prolonged irritation – Nevanak, Broxenac, Diclofenac or Oftalmoferon 2 times a day for 1-2 weeks.

Tear replacement: Hilo chest, Okutiarz, Systane balance, Thealoz, Cationorm (tear film restoration) 2-3 times a day up to 6-8 weeks.

Algorithm for the treatment of scaly (seborrheic) blepharitis

Basic: Teagel – thorough hygienic treatment of the skin and eyelid margins 2 times a day during the entire course of treatment.

Anti-infective: Vitabact 2-3 times a day for 2-3 weeks, with severe infection – Vigamox, Floxal, Tobrex, Signicef ​​3 times a day during the first week, the second – 2 times a day.

Anti-inflammatory: Nevanak or Broxenak 2 times a day for 1-2 weeks, with persistent recurrent course – Restasis 2 times a day for 3-6 months, until the condition improves.

Tear replacement: Hilo chest, Okutiarz, Systane balance, Thealoz, Cationorm (tear film restoration) 2-3 times a day up to 6-8 weeks.

Algorithm for the treatment of meibomian blepharitis

Basic: Teagel – hygienic treatment of the skin and eyelid margins 2 times a day, with severe meibomitis – massage of the eyelids with a glass rod. With relapses, the course of treatment is repeated.

Anti-infective: in case of proven or suspected infection – Vitabact 2-3 times a day for 2-4 weeks, in severe cases – eye ointment Dexa-Gentamicin on the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day.

Anti-inflammatory: Nevanac, Broxenac, Diclofenac 2 times a day for up to 2 weeks, in cases of persistent, recurrent course – Restasis 2 times a day, 3-6 months.

Tear replacement: VitA-Pos eye ointment or drops Hylo chest, Okutiarz, Systane balance, Tealoz, Cationorm (tear film restoration) 2 times a day for 3-6 weeks.

Algorithm for the treatment of demodectic blepharitis

Basic: Teagel – hygienic treatment of the skin and eyelid margins 2 times a day, if necessary – massage of the eyelids with a glass rod 1 time a day.

Anti-infective: Vitabact or Vigamox or Floxal or Tobrex 2-3 times a day, in severe cases – eye ointment Dexa-Gentamicin on the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day. In stubborn cases, a 1-2% gel or an extemporaneous 0.5% solution of metronidazole is used to treat the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day.
Blefarogel 2, Demazol, Demalan ointments, Glycodem gel for eyelids are also used.

Anti-inflammatory: in case of severe irritation – Dexapos 2 times a day.

Tear replacement: Hilo chest, Okutiarz, Systane balance, Thealoz, Cationorm (tear film restoration) 2 times a day for several weeks.

The goal of treatment is to reduce the number of mites. We focus on the clinic and the patient’s feelings. On average, the course of treatment is 30-45 days.

Algorithm for the treatment of allergic blepharitis

Basic: elimination of the culprit allergen. Hygienic treatment of the eyelids – Teagel followed by application to the skin and edges of the eyelids Hydrocortisone, Locoid 2 times a day in the form of gels and ointments, eye drops Opatanol, Lecrolin, Alomid, Allergodil 2 times a day until the allergic reaction subsides. If necessary, general antihistamines are used in the form of tablets and injections.

Anti-inflammatory therapy may be required as an adjunct to reduce irritation: Dexapos, Diclofenac, Restasis.

Tear replacement: Hylo dresser, hylan or artificial tear 2 times a day for a long time.

Algorithm for the treatment of blepharitis in case of damage to the eyelids by molluscum contagiosum

Basic: electrocoagulation of nodules or scraping them with a sharp spoon, followed by cauterization with iodine tincture.

In the event of blepharitis and conjunctivitis – treatment of the edges of the eyelids with Allergoferon eye gel 2 times a day and instillation of Ophthalmoferon eye drops.

In case of corneal damage additionally: Vitabact 2 times a day, Diclofenac 2 times a day.

Tear substitutes: Hilobak, Okutiarz, Gilan 2 times a day until the unpleasant subjective symptoms disappear.

The prognosis is favorable. During treatment, the wound dries up at the site of the nodules, the crusts fall off without leaving scars, and subsequently the phenomena of blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis disappear.

Algorithm for the treatment of blepharitis in systemic allergies

Basic: Teagel – hygienic treatment of the skin and eyelid margins 2 times a day.

Anti-inflammatory: Opatanol, Ophthalmoferon, Dexapos, Diclofenac, restasis 2-3 times a day, in severe cases, additional subconjunctival injections of dexamethasone daily, 10 days.

Anti-infective: Vitabact, Tobrex, Vigamox, Floxal, Signicef ​​2-4 times a day depending on the severity of the course (antibiotics be careful – the risk of an allergic reaction).

Tear replacement therapy: Hilabak, Okutiarz, Gilan, VitA-Pos 2-3 times a day throughout the course of treatment, but longer use may be required in case of dry eye development.

Optional: Treatment prescribed by an allergist-dermatologist.

It should be noted that acute blepharitis can be cured quite quickly, while the treatment of chronic blepharitis presents great difficulties, especially in recurrent clinical forms. In each specific case, an individual choice of therapeutic regimen is required. Often repeated courses of treatment are required. Various drug combinations have been described using a wide variety of drugs.

Systemic therapy includes vitamin therapy, immunostimulating, autohemotherapy. The combination of local and general drug treatment in combination with physiotherapy (UHF, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, darsonvalization, UV radiation), irradiation with Bucca rays is effective.

Complications

In some cases, the disease acquires a protracted, recurrent course, leading to the appearance of styes, chalazions, deformation of the eyelid margins, the development of trichiasis, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, tear film instability, deterioration of visual functions.

In complicated forms of blepharitis, surgical treatment may be required: removal of the chalazion, eyelid surgery for trichiasis, correction of inversion or eversion of the eyelid.

Prophylaxis

Prophylactic measures include adequate hygiene of the eyelid margins, enhancement of general immunity, prevention of infection of the anterior segment of the eye.

With timely and adequate treatment, the prognosis is favorable, and the occurrence of frequent relapses with the development of chronic blepharitis is not ruled out.

Literature

1. Maychuk Yu.F. Blepharitis. Modern drug therapy, a manual for physicians, second edition, supplemented. – M., 2013 – 25 from
2. Egorov E.A. Blepharitis // Ophthalmology. National leadership. Edited by S.E. Avetisova, E.A. Egorova, L.K. Moshetova, V.V. Neroeva, H.P. Takhchidi. – M. – 2008. – Section 5.4. – S. 342-347.
3. Safonova T.N., Kintyukhina N.P., Sidorov V.V. Treatment of chronic blepharitis.