What are the common bacterial and fungal infections affecting fingernails. How do acrylic nails contribute to fungal growth. What are the symptoms of nail infections. How can you treat and prevent nail fungus at home and with medical interventions.

The Hidden World of Bacteria Under Your Fingernails

Our fingernails harbor a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including various bacteria and fungi. While most of these microbes are harmless, certain conditions can lead to infections that affect nail health and appearance. Understanding the types of infections, their causes, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining proper nail hygiene.

Bacterial Paronychia: A Common Nail Infection

Paronychia is an infection of the skin around the nail, often caused by bacteria. It can occur in both fingernails and toenails, leading to redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area. Bacterial paronychia is typically acute, developing rapidly and causing noticeable discomfort.

Causes of Bacterial Paronychia

• Injury to the nail or surrounding skin
• Frequent exposure to water or harsh chemicals
• Nail-biting or cuticle picking
• Manicures that damage the cuticle

How does bacterial paronychia develop? When the protective barrier of the nail fold is compromised, bacteria can enter and multiply, leading to infection. The most common culprits are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Fungal Infections: The Silent Invaders of Nails

Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, account for more than 50% of all nail disorders. These infections can affect both natural and artificial nails, with acrylic nails posing a particular risk.

Types of Fungi Responsible for Nail Infections

1. Dermatophytes (e.g., Trichophyton rubrum)
2. Yeasts (e.g., Candida species)
3. Non-dermatophyte molds

Why are fungal infections so common in nails? Nails provide an ideal environment for fungi to thrive, especially when exposed to moisture and warmth. The hard, protective nature of nails also makes it challenging for the immune system to combat these infections effectively.

Acrylic Nails and Fungal Infections: A Risky Combination

Acrylic nails have become increasingly popular for their aesthetic appeal, but they come with potential health risks. One study found that out of 68 women who developed nail concerns after removing acrylic nails, 67 had fungal infections.

Why Acrylic Nails Increase Fungal Infection Risk

• Moisture trapped between the acrylic and natural nail
• Improper application or loosening of the acrylic nail
• Damage to the natural nail during application or removal
• Use of contaminated tools or products at nail salons

Can nail polish contribute to fungal growth? A 2018 study suggests that some fungi can survive and multiply in certain nail polishes, highlighting the importance of avoiding shared nail polish and maintaining proper hygiene practices at nail salons.

Recognizing the Signs of Nail Infections

Early detection of nail infections is crucial for effective treatment. While symptoms may not be immediately apparent, as the infection progresses, various signs can emerge.

Common Symptoms of Nail Infections

• Nail discoloration (yellow, green, black, or white)
• Thickening or brittleness of the nail
• Foul odor
• Pain or soreness, especially when applying pressure
• Itching or redness around the nail
• Swelling of the surrounding skin

How can you differentiate between bacterial and fungal nail infections? While both can cause similar symptoms, bacterial infections tend to develop more rapidly and are often accompanied by more severe pain and inflammation. Fungal infections typically progress more slowly and may affect multiple nails.

Home Remedies for Nail Fungus: Natural Solutions

Many nail infections, particularly fungal ones, can be treated effectively with home remedies. These natural solutions can be especially useful for mild to moderate cases or as complementary treatments to medical interventions.

Popular Home Remedies for Nail Fungus

1. Vinegar soak (2:1 ratio of warm water to vinegar)
2. Vicks VapoRub application
3. Tea tree oil treatment
4. Oregano oil application
5. Listerine mouthwash soak

Do these home remedies actually work? While anecdotal evidence supports their effectiveness, scientific research is limited. A 2011 study found that Vicks VapoRub showed promise in treating toenail fungi, and tea tree oil has demonstrated antifungal properties in some studies. However, more research is needed to confirm their efficacy.

Medical Treatments for Severe Nail Infections

When home remedies prove ineffective or for more severe infections, medical intervention may be necessary. This is particularly important for individuals with compromised immune systems who are at higher risk of developing serious complications.

Prescription Medications for Nail Infections

• Terbinafine (oral antifungal)
• Itraconazole
• Fluconazole
• Griseofulvin

How long does medical treatment for nail infections typically last? Treatment duration can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the specific medication used. Oral antifungal treatments may need to be taken for several months to ensure complete eradication of the infection.

Preventing Nail Infections: Best Practices for Healthy Nails

Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to nail infections. By adopting good hygiene practices and taking proper care of your nails, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing bacterial or fungal infections.

Tips for Maintaining Healthy Nails

1. Keep nails clean and dry
2. Avoid prolonged exposure to water
3. Use antifungal sprays or powders if prone to infections
4. Choose reputable nail salons with good hygiene practices
5. Avoid sharing nail tools or polish
6. Trim nails regularly and file down thickened areas
7. Wear breathable footwear and moisture-wicking socks

Is it safe to get acrylic nails if you’re prone to infections? While acrylic nails can increase the risk of fungal infections, proper application and maintenance can minimize this risk. If you’re particularly susceptible to nail infections, consider alternatives like gel nails or regular manicures with breathable nail polish.

Beyond Fungus: Other Risks Associated with Acrylic Nails

While fungal infections are a primary concern with acrylic nails, they’re not the only potential issue. Understanding these risks can help you make informed decisions about nail care and artificial nail use.

Additional Risks of Acrylic Nails

• Bacterial infections
• Allergic reactions to nail products
• Damage to the natural nail bed
• Increased sensitivity or pain in the nail area
• Difficulty detecting underlying nail conditions

How can you minimize these risks when using acrylic nails? Regular breaks from artificial nails, proper application and removal techniques, and maintaining good nail hygiene are crucial. Additionally, being attentive to any changes in your nails or surrounding skin can help catch potential issues early.

The Impact of Nail Infections on Overall Health

While nail infections may seem like a purely cosmetic issue, they can have broader implications for overall health, especially in certain populations.

Health Concerns Related to Nail Infections

1. Spread of infection to other parts of the body
2. Increased risk for individuals with diabetes or compromised immune systems
3. Potential for chronic infections if left untreated
4. Impact on self-esteem and social interactions
5. Interference with daily activities due to pain or discomfort

When should you seek medical attention for a nail infection? If home remedies don’t improve the condition within a few weeks, if the infection is causing significant pain or discomfort, or if you have underlying health conditions that increase your risk of complications, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional.

Emerging Research in Nail Health and Infection Prevention

The field of nail health and infection prevention is continually evolving, with new research shedding light on better treatment and prevention strategies.

Recent Developments in Nail Health Research

• Novel antifungal formulations with improved efficacy
• Development of antimicrobial nail polishes and treatments
• Advanced diagnostic techniques for faster and more accurate identification of nail pathogens
• Investigation into the nail microbiome and its role in infection resistance
• Exploration of natural compounds with antifungal properties

How might these developments change nail infection treatment in the future? As our understanding of nail infections and the microorganisms that cause them improves, we can expect more targeted and effective treatments, as well as better preventive strategies. This could lead to faster resolution of infections and reduced reliance on long-term oral medications.

The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Nail Health

While external factors play a significant role in nail infections, internal factors such as diet and nutrition can also influence nail health and resistance to infections.

Nutrients Important for Nail Health

1. Biotin (Vitamin B7)
2. Protein
3. Omega-3 fatty acids
4. Zinc
5. Iron
6. Vitamin C

Can dietary changes improve nail resistance to infections? While a balanced diet rich in these nutrients can contribute to overall nail health, it’s not a substitute for proper nail hygiene and care. However, addressing nutritional deficiencies may help strengthen nails and support the body’s natural defense mechanisms against infections.

Environmental Factors Affecting Nail Health and Infection Risk

Our environment plays a crucial role in nail health and the risk of developing infections. Understanding these factors can help in creating strategies to protect nails from potential harm.

Environmental Influences on Nail Health

• Humidity levels
• Exposure to chemicals (e.g., cleaning products)
• Occupational hazards (e.g., frequent hand washing in healthcare settings)
• Climate and seasonal changes
• UV exposure

How can you protect your nails from environmental damage? Wearing gloves when handling chemicals or water for extended periods, using moisturizers to combat dryness, and protecting nails from excessive UV exposure can all help maintain nail health and reduce infection risk.

In conclusion, understanding the complex world of bacteria and fungi that can affect our nails is crucial for maintaining overall nail health. By recognizing the signs of infections, implementing preventive measures, and seeking appropriate treatment when necessary, we can keep our nails strong, healthy, and beautiful. Whether you prefer natural nails or enjoy the aesthetic of acrylic enhancements, prioritizing nail hygiene and health should always be at the forefront of your beauty routine.

Fingernail Fungus from Acrylic Nails: Causes, Treatment, More

In fungal infections, invasive fungi grow in or on your body. Many types of fungi occur naturally in your body in small amounts. Some infections occur when these fungi grow out of control while other infections are caused by types of fungi not normally present in your body.

Fungal infections are a relatively common complication of getting acrylic nails, which are plastic nails that are glued atop your real fingernails. In most cases, these infections aren’t serious and clear up with home remedies or with antifungal medications.

Let’s look at why acrylic nails sometimes cause fingernail fungal infections, how you can treat these infections, and how to prevent them.

Fungal infections make up more than 50 percent of all nail disorders and are particularly common in people with acrylic nails. One study found that out of a group of 68 women who developed nail concerns after removing acrylic nails, 67 of them had fungal infections.

Acrylic nails are attached to your real nails with an adhesive. If they become loose or aren’t put on properly, moisture can get trapped between them and your fingernails. Fungi thrive in moist environments and may start to grow around the trapped water.

A group of fungi called dermatophytes are most commonly responsible for nail fungal infections, particularly the fungus Trichophyton rubrum.

Nail polish and contaminated equipment

A 2018 study found evidence that fungi may be able to live and multiply in some nail polishes. It may be a good idea to avoid sharing nail polish.

Contaminated equipment at a nail salon can also expose you to types of fungi that may lead to an infection.

Your fungal infection may not cause any symptoms in the beginning, until it progresses.

As the infection gets worse, you may experience:

• a brittle or thickened nail
• a bad smell coming from the nail
• pain and soreness, especially when putting pressure on your nail
• a yellow, green, black, or white discoloration
• itchiness
• redness
• swelling

Fingernail infections often clear up on their own or with home remedies. Antifungal medications are used for more serious infections.

Acrylic nail fungus home remedies

The first step after noticing an infection is to have the acrylic nail removed and to wash your fingernail with soap and water. Avoid putting on a new nail until the infection clears.

Anecdotally, some people claim the following home remedies have helped them clear their infection:

• Vinegar. Vinegar contains acid that can inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. Try soaking your finger in a 2:1 ratio of warm water to vinegar.
• Vicks VapoRub. An older 2011 study found Vicks VapoRub seemed to have a positive clinical effect on killing toenail fungi. You can try applying a small amount to your finger once a day.
• Tea tree oil. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, one small study found evidence that tea tree oil may help treat nail fungus, but more research is needed. Try applying oil to your nail twice per day.
• Oregano oil. The chemical thymol found in oregano oil may have antifungal properties. Try applying oregano oil to your nail twice per day with a cotton swab.
• Listerine mouthwash. Listerine contains ingredients that have antifungal properties. Some people claim soaking your finger in original Listerine for 30 minutes a day may help clear the infection.

Medical treatment

Medical treatment usually isn’t needed for a nail fungal infection unless it becomes severe. Severe fungal infections are most common in people with suppressed immune systems, such as people undergoing chemotherapy or living with HIV.

The gold standard treatment is the oral antifungal medication terbinafine. Terbinafine is only available with a prescription. You may need to use it for up to several months.

A doctor may also prescribe other antifungal medications, such as:

• itraconazole
• fluconazole
• griseofulvin

Most nail fungal infections will clear up on their own or in combination with home remedies. But it’s a good idea to visit a doctor for an antifungal prescription if home remedies aren’t effective or if it’s causing you serious discomfort.

People who are immunosuppressed may also want to visit their doctor for treatment to avoid developing a more serious infection.

Here are some ways you can prevent fungal infections with acrylic nails:

• Get your nails put on at a reputable salon that follows good hygiene habits.
• Dry your nails well after bathing or swimming.
• Keep your hands dry as much as possible.
• If you’re prone to fungal infection, consider using an antifungal spray or powder on your nails.
• Avoid putting sharp objects under your nails.

Other potential risks of acrylic nails include the following:

Bacterial infection

Bacterial infections aren’t as common as fungal infections, but people with artificial fingernails tend to be more prone to developing bacterial nail infections than people without fake nails.

Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci bacteria are two of the most common causes of bacterial nail infections.

Allergic reaction

It’s possible to have an allergic reaction to acylates or the adhesive used to bind your nails. Allergic reactions are usually contained to the area around the nail and may cause symptoms like:

• dry or flaky skin around the nail
• redness
• itchiness
• swelling

Weakened nails

For acrylic nails to stick, your real nails need to be filed down. This filing thins your nail and can make it more brittle.

Acetone is often used to remove acrylic nails, which can contribute to nail brittleness or dryness.

Fungal infections are a common complication of acrylic nails. They are usually caused by moisture trapped under your nails that leads to excessive fungi growth.

Most fungal infections aren’t serious and can be treated at home. More serious infections usually clear up with prescription antifungal medications.

A Day in the Life of a Nail Expert: Pseudomonas Nail Infections – Wellness

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped bacteria that produces a green pigment. These bacteria tend to thrive in moist environments.

When we think about nail infections, fungus is probably what first comes to mind; however, we also need to be aware of bacterial infections of the nail. Pseudomonas, often referred to as “greenies” in nail salons, is a common bacteria that can cause infections that range from minor to life-threatening. In those patients who have a weakened immune system, such as burn victims or newborns, pseudomonas can be very serious. Less worrisome infections caused by pseudomonas include issues such as swimmer’s ear, hot tub rashes, and, of course, nail infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped bacteria that produces a green pigment, hence the term “greenies.” These bacteria tend to thrive in moist environments and this is why we sometimes see pseudomonas infections associated with artificial nails. Artificial nails can create gaps in the space between the natural nail plate and the artificial enhancement where moisture can build up and bacteria can flourish. Natural nails that are separated from the underlying nail bed (onycholysis) can also develop a pseudomonas infection when the bacteria takes residence in the warm, moist space between the natural nail plate and the nail bed.

Bacteria that is not completely removed from a nail plate prior to the application of an enhancement can cause pseudomonas to grow in the space between the nail plate and the enhancement.

Longer nails are also theoretically predisposed to a greater risk for bacteria becoming entrapped on the underside of the nail where typical hand washing is not always effective for removing debris on the underside of the nail. In fact, there have been reports of pseudomonas infection outbreaks in hospitals where the source was traced back to nurses with long, artificial nails. It is advisable for healthcare workers to wear their nails shorter for this reason. As a physician and surgeon, you will never catch me with long talons!

Who Is at Risk for Pseudomonas?

Most commonly, pseudomonas affects nails that are damaged in some way. For example, a nail that is separated or a nail where the cuticle has become compromised and the surrounding nail fold has become inflamed and swollen (paronychia) are scenarios where pseudomonas can enter the nail unit successfully. Bacteria that is not completely removed from a nail plate prior to the application of an enhancement can cause pseudomonas to grow in the space between the nail plate and the enhancement. Proper hand-washing by both client and nail techs before services as well as frequent cleaning throughout the service are essential for this reason. Although pseudomonas is not easily transmitted from person to person in a salon, manicuring equipment should always be properly disinfected and one-time-use items properly disposed of after each client.

Treatment of pseudomonas depends on the likely cause of the infection. If the cause seems to be artificial nail-related, remove the enhancement and lightly buff the dark area to remove the nail surface involvement. It is important to keep the nail clean and dry, and it would be ideal to leave product off of the nail to allow the nail to heal. Tell your client to soak the nail in clear vinegar (not balsamic!) several times daily for a couple of weeks. She should understand that it may take several months for the stain to grow out. If, after three weeks, the issue is not growing out or the green discoloration is spreading, urge your client to visit a doctor.

If Pain Is Present

Pseudomonas is not typically painful. However, if your client’s nail or surrounding skin is tender or there is pus, the infection is likely not exclusively from pseudomonas and a physician should see your client immediately. This scenario is called a mixed infection, meaning there are different types of bacteria involved and treatment will likely require draining and culturing the infection.

In contrast to enhancement-associated pseudomonas, if the nail is clearly damaged or lifted, then the nail needs to re-adhere or heal in order for the pseudomonas to be effectively treated and to prevent recurrence of the infection. For clients with nail separation, it is advisable to take a nail polish holiday in order to allow the nail to re-adhere. These clients should be following a strict irritant avoidance regimen, where they avoid exposure to polish remover and wear gloves with any wet work. If several nails are separated, your client may need to be evaluated by a physician for a prescription anti-yeast topical agent to use under the nail. 

Learn about fungal infections of the nail here.

Dr. Dana Stern

Dermatologists treat skin, hair, and nails. I am a board-certified dermatologist and I specialize in the treatment of nail disorders including inflammatory diseases of the nail, cosmetic issues related to the nail, cancers of the nail, sports-related nail injuries, and nail infections.

Read previous “day in the life” articles by Dr. Stern at www.nailsmag.com/danastern.

You can contact Dr. Stern with your questions via Facebook (Facebook.com/DrDanaBeauty) or Twitter (@DrDanaBeauty). Visit her website at www.drdanastern.com.

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Who lives under your nails?

InoSMI materials contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI

Even a century ago, doctors realized that even after washing their hands repeatedly, bacteria remain, which invariably appear in samples. However, the reason for this persistence was discovered only in the early 1970s. Researchers have found that hands stay cleaner longer when they cover their fingertips. However, it is not so much the fingertips that are teeming with bacteria as our nails.

Jason G Goldman

Hand washing is the main way to protect yourself from harmful bacteria. But do you care about the cleanliness of your nails – more precisely, the area of ​​\u200b\u200byour fingertips that is under the nails? The BBC Future columnist finds out why this matters.

Everyone knows that hand washing is the best way to combat the spread of bacteria. In many countries, legislation obliges food service employees to keep their hands clean.

On the other hand, no matter how much we wash our hands, we cannot get rid of all bacteria.

It is precisely because of the inability to achieve complete sterility that doctors and nurses so often wear gloves when interacting with patients.

Even a century ago, doctors realized that even after repeated washing of hands, bacteria remain on them, which invariably appear in samples. However, the reason for such persistence was discovered only in the early 1970s.

Researchers have found that hands stay cleaner longer when they cover their fingertips.

However, it’s not so much our fingertips that are teeming with bacteria as our nails.

Under these thin keratin plates, similar in composition to rhino and antelope horns, you can find a whole collection of bacteria.

It wasn’t until the late 1980s that scientists finally looked under their nails and found out who lived there.

A 1988 study by three researchers at the University of Pennsylvania involved 26 adult volunteers.

They all worked at the university’s medical school, but had no contact with patients.

The researchers concluded that it is in the subungual space that most bacteria hide.

Hundreds of thousands of bacteria lived on the exposed palms of volunteers, while about the same number could be found under just one nail – under each of the nails!

The same bacteria accumulated under the nails as on the palms, there were just a lot more of them.

Scientists have concluded that the space between the skin and the nail is an ideal environment for the reproduction and growth of microorganisms.

The nail protects them from external influences, and moisture helps them grow.

In their work, the researchers took into account previous observations that washing cannot achieve sterility of the hands.

In conclusion, they concluded that “the significant amount of bacteria in the subungual space indicates that this area is relatively inaccessible to antimicrobial agents during normal handwashing.”

Just think about it: the simplest and most effective means to fight the spread of disease are absolutely useless when it comes to our nails.

As a result, a number of studies were conducted on microorganisms living under the nails of medical staff, not only under natural, but also under artificial and varnished nails.

The number of these studies is small, but their results are in great demand.

Just one year after the University of Pennsylvania study, a group of nurses came out who were also interested in the subject.

They noticed that many healthcare workers are succumbing to the trend and getting nail extensions, despite the fact that their safety and practicality remain in question.

The aim of the researchers was to find out if more bacteria accumulate under artificial nails (which are usually longer than natural nails and covered with varnish).

To do this, they invited 56 nurses with regular nails and 56 nurses with artificial nails.

In addition, they wanted to compare how effective handwashing would be in both groups.

The authors of the study found that nurses with artificial nails had more bacteria on their fingertips compared to their counterparts with natural nails, both before and after washing.

This does not necessarily mean that they transmitted more bacteria to patients – they just had a larger colony of microorganisms living under their nails.

However, it has been concluded that an increased number of bacteria increases the risk of spreading pathogens.

Similar studies published in 2000 and 2002 gave almost the same results.

However, by that time, scientists had already figured out that artificial nails could interfere with thorough handwashing and exacerbate existing problems.

In addition, healthcare workers with artificial nails are more likely to tear gloves.

Lacquered natural nails have another problem. In this case, small chips or cracks could pose a danger as likely places for bacteria to accumulate.

In 1993, nurses at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore examined the nails of 26 adult women.

They all worked in the hospital but did not interact with patients. Everyone had short nails. The assessment was made before applying the varnish and four days after that.

As it turned out, varnish on natural nails does not have such an effect on the population of the subungual space, as it does in the case of artificial ones.

Researchers have concluded that it is important to cut nails short and keep them clean, and whether they are varnished or not is not so important.

A year later, a similar study was conducted, and again the conclusions remained unchanged.

Yes, after four days bacteria accumulated on the varnished nails, but the freshly painted ones were in perfect order in this sense.

Between two and three million people die of diarrhea every year. It is believed that washing hands with soap could save about a million of them.

Probably true. But on one condition: during this procedure, you need to pay special attention to the nails and the space under them.

And in order to definitely protect yourself from infection, it is better to cut them short.

And finally, before biting your nails, remember what you just read.

He bit his nails, ate the goat. Why are these bad habits dangerous?0001

The habit of biting nails

What is fraught with: stomach and intestinal poisoning.

A large number of germs and bacteria accumulate under the nails. The habit of biting nails leads to the fact that harmful microorganisms enter the stomach and on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity – as a result, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, infections of the oral cavity.

How to get rid of: juggle small objects such as coins. You can constantly roll rubber balls or small rosaries in the palm of your hand.

What drugs will help: Oddly enough, sedatives. Psychologists believe that the habit of biting nails in most cases is caused by stress, mental strain, overcoming a difficult task. Persen, Novo-Passit, Glycine will get rid of all this. These drugs will relieve tension in the nervous system and activate the brain.

The habit of picking your nose

What is fraught with: damage to the nasal mucosa, abscesses, ulcers, less often – the occurrence of infectious diseases.

How to get rid of: In most cases, people pick their nose to remove dried secretions from the sinuses. In this case, regular rinsing of the nose will help get rid of the bad habit – it clears the sinuses of mucus. If a person picks his nose because of stress and self-doubt (psychological reasons) – you need to contact a psychologist. A common tip here is to keep your hands busy, as with nail biting.

Which drugs will help: nasal wash Aqua Maris, Aqualor, cotton swabs.

The habit of biting pens

What is fraught with: in addition to gastric diseases, the habit of biting pens and pencils leads to damage to the enamel of the teeth (up to caries) and their destruction.

How to get rid of: replace the pen by sucking hard candies or diet marmalade – when your mouth is full, you don’t want to chew on the pen. Another option that psychologists often recommend is to buy yourself an expensive pen, which you will simply feel sorry for chewing on.

What preparations will help: chewing marmalade “Rational Sugar-Control” without sugar and fructose.

The habit of chewing hair

What is fraught with: another habit that can lead to serious problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Dust, dirt and bacteria accumulate on the hair during the day. If you chew your hair, it automatically goes into your mouth.

How to get rid of: The easiest and most effective way is to cut your hair in such a way that the hair cannot get into your mouth. If you are reluctant to cut your hair, collect them in a high tail.

What drugs will help: Vita-Active chewing gum with mint flavor.

The habit of chewing seeds

What is fraught with: seed husks can be a carrier of harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

Partially killed by roasting or drying, but the risk of catching a gastrointestinal infection remains. The habit of chewing seeds can damage the enamel of the teeth and often causes gum disease – small particles of the husk can pierce the gums and remain inside, provoking inflammation.

How to get rid of: instead of seeds, chew small carrots or apples. This is useful, will bring you fewer calories and is not so harmful to your teeth

What preparations will help: Zula candies with lingonberry flavor and vitamins C and A.