Sprained finger: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

A sprained finger occurs when the ligaments that connect and support the bones and joints of the finger are damaged. Sprained fingers are very common and can be very painful, swollen, and difficult to move.

For most people, resting, icing, compressing, and elevating (RICE) the injured finger will reduce inflammation and associated symptoms.

Depending on the severity of the damage, sprained fingers usually improve in a few days with basic care, and heal entirely after a few weeks of rest and rehabilitation.

Share on PinterestSymptoms of a sprained finger include redness, pain, bruising, and swelling.

Inflammation is the primary symptom of a sprained finger. Inflammation occurs because it is the body’s first line of immune defense after an injury.

A sprain may also cause reduced mobility of the injured finger.

Other symptoms commonly associated with a sprained finger include:

• pain
• redness
• swelling
• increase in pain when attempting to move or use the finger
• inability to straighten, extend, or bend the finger
• throbbing, especially when allowing the finger to rest or when hanging at a person’s side
• bruising

Unlike a sprained finger, a broken finger involves injury to the actual bones or joints of the finger and requires medical treatment.

Broken fingers also tend to be painful, disabling, or alarming enough that most people seek medical attention soon after they occur.

Broken fingers often cause the same symptoms as sprained fingers, though they tend to be more severe or exaggerated. A broken finger may also appear disfigured, out of alignment, or abnormally bent.

And most broken fingers are nearly impossible to straighten, stretch, or use without extreme pain.

Share on PinterestOver-the-counter medication, such as ibuprofen, may help to manage the symptoms.

Most mild sprains, where the ligaments are stretched too far but are not torn, do not require medical attention.

People can usually treat a mildly sprained finger at home using RICE to reduce blood flow and by extension, inflammation.

Over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammatory medications can also help reduce and manage symptoms for the first few days.

Tips for treating sprained fingers at home include:

R — rest

One of the easiest ways to reduce pain and swelling associated with a sprained finger is to limit the use of the finger for a few days after the initial injury. Depending on how severe the sprain is, it often helps to rest the injured finger for a few hours each day while it heals.

I — ice

Apply an ice pack or compress wrapped in a cloth to the injured finger. Do not expose the skin directly to ice and do not keep the ice on the finger for more than 15 minutes at one time. If the finger becomes more painful, swollen, or darker in color, a person should stop using the ice immediately. Ice packs are available for purchase online.

Icing injuries for too long can increase inflammation and potentially freeze and damage tissues. Take a 20-minute break between icing sessions and repeat hourly or several times daily.

C — compression

Gently wrap the finger with a small elastic bandage, finger compress bandage, or sports tape, all of which are available to purchase online. Wrap the bandage just tight enough to apply light pressure to the finger. Do not wrap too tightly, as the bandage could act as a tourniquet and limit the circulation. Remove the bandage after the first 24 to 48 hours, or when the inflammation has begun to reduce significantly. Once the compression bandage has been removed, the finger should be buddy taped.

E — elevation

Keep the finger elevated, or raised at a level above the heart. Use a sling to keep the finger raised while standing or walking. While sitting or sleeping, use a pillow to prop up the injured finger.

Over-the-counter medications

Especially in the first few days after the sprain occurs, over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammation medications, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and naproxen, can help make symptoms more manageable.

Take all medications as prescribed. If a person wants to take medication for an extended period, they must talk to a doctor first.

Buddy tape

Mild to moderate strains respond well to buddy taping — using first aid tape to bind the injured finger to a healthy finger next to it. Buddy taping the injured finger protects it from further injury and encourages it to straighten as it heals.

For moderate to severe sprains, wait about 48 hours after the injury happened or for the initial swelling to start subsiding before taping the finger.

Tips for buddy taping a sprained finger include:

• Cut a small piece of foam or cotton pad into a small rectangle roughly half the length and width of the injured finger.
• Cut two strips of non-stretch first aid or medical tape long enough to wrap around the finger.
• Apply two pieces of tape to the sprained finger — one just above the injured joint and one just below the injury.
• Position the cut piece of foam or cotton pad where the knuckles or bones of the two fingers between taped may press against one another.
• Tape the injured finger to the finger next to it, using the existing pieces of tape as an anchor.
• Do not wrap the fingers too tightly. If the tape causes the finger to bend or twist, it is too tight
• Remove the buddy tape once the finger has fully healed, usually after 2 to 4 weeks

First aid tape is available for purchase online.

Splint

Moderate sprains often benefit from the use of a splint to fully restrict the ligament and keep it straight while it heals.

Finger braces

Finger braces can be purchased at drug or grocery store and applied as instructed.

Most studies show that a type of splint called a baseball splint is the best choice for a sprained finger.

The injured finger should be splinted in a slightly flexed, or downward curving, position and left on for 5 to 7 days. Once a person has removed the splint, they may choose to buddy tape the finger until it heals fully.

Finger braces are available for purchase online.

Exercise

Once the pain and swelling have decreased, it is important to start moving the finger as much as is comfortable.

As the finger heals, performing daily finger stretches using a hand exercise ball or resistance bands can help encourage healthy blood flow to the finger and prevents muscle loss.

Stop, or reduce, exercises or stretches that increase pain or feel very uncomfortable.

Surgery

If the ligament is completely torn, surgery may be necessary to repair the tissue and allow it to heal properly. Otherwise, an unstable joint is a possibility.

After surgery, a doctor will apply a splint or cast to the finger, which a person will need to keep on for several weeks.

Buddy taping is best used during the final weeks of healing once the cast or splint has been removed.

Sprained finger: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

A sprained finger occurs when the ligaments that connect and support the bones and joints of the finger are damaged. Sprained fingers are very common and can be very painful, swollen, and difficult to move.

For most people, resting, icing, compressing, and elevating (RICE) the injured finger will reduce inflammation and associated symptoms.

Depending on the severity of the damage, sprained fingers usually improve in a few days with basic care, and heal entirely after a few weeks of rest and rehabilitation.

Share on PinterestSymptoms of a sprained finger include redness, pain, bruising, and swelling.

Inflammation is the primary symptom of a sprained finger. Inflammation occurs because it is the body’s first line of immune defense after an injury.

A sprain may also cause reduced mobility of the injured finger.

Other symptoms commonly associated with a sprained finger include:

• pain
• redness
• swelling
• increase in pain when attempting to move or use the finger
• inability to straighten, extend, or bend the finger
• throbbing, especially when allowing the finger to rest or when hanging at a person’s side
• bruising

Unlike a sprained finger, a broken finger involves injury to the actual bones or joints of the finger and requires medical treatment.

Broken fingers also tend to be painful, disabling, or alarming enough that most people seek medical attention soon after they occur.

Broken fingers often cause the same symptoms as sprained fingers, though they tend to be more severe or exaggerated. A broken finger may also appear disfigured, out of alignment, or abnormally bent.

And most broken fingers are nearly impossible to straighten, stretch, or use without extreme pain.

Share on PinterestOver-the-counter medication, such as ibuprofen, may help to manage the symptoms.

Most mild sprains, where the ligaments are stretched too far but are not torn, do not require medical attention.

People can usually treat a mildly sprained finger at home using RICE to reduce blood flow and by extension, inflammation.

Over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammatory medications can also help reduce and manage symptoms for the first few days.

Tips for treating sprained fingers at home include:

R — rest

One of the easiest ways to reduce pain and swelling associated with a sprained finger is to limit the use of the finger for a few days after the initial injury. Depending on how severe the sprain is, it often helps to rest the injured finger for a few hours each day while it heals.

I — ice

Apply an ice pack or compress wrapped in a cloth to the injured finger. Do not expose the skin directly to ice and do not keep the ice on the finger for more than 15 minutes at one time. If the finger becomes more painful, swollen, or darker in color, a person should stop using the ice immediately. Ice packs are available for purchase online.

Icing injuries for too long can increase inflammation and potentially freeze and damage tissues. Take a 20-minute break between icing sessions and repeat hourly or several times daily.

C — compression

Gently wrap the finger with a small elastic bandage, finger compress bandage, or sports tape, all of which are available to purchase online. Wrap the bandage just tight enough to apply light pressure to the finger. Do not wrap too tightly, as the bandage could act as a tourniquet and limit the circulation. Remove the bandage after the first 24 to 48 hours, or when the inflammation has begun to reduce significantly. Once the compression bandage has been removed, the finger should be buddy taped.

E — elevation

Keep the finger elevated, or raised at a level above the heart. Use a sling to keep the finger raised while standing or walking. While sitting or sleeping, use a pillow to prop up the injured finger.

Over-the-counter medications

Especially in the first few days after the sprain occurs, over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammation medications, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and naproxen, can help make symptoms more manageable.

Take all medications as prescribed. If a person wants to take medication for an extended period, they must talk to a doctor first.

Buddy tape

Mild to moderate strains respond well to buddy taping — using first aid tape to bind the injured finger to a healthy finger next to it. Buddy taping the injured finger protects it from further injury and encourages it to straighten as it heals.

For moderate to severe sprains, wait about 48 hours after the injury happened or for the initial swelling to start subsiding before taping the finger.

Tips for buddy taping a sprained finger include:

• Cut a small piece of foam or cotton pad into a small rectangle roughly half the length and width of the injured finger.
• Cut two strips of non-stretch first aid or medical tape long enough to wrap around the finger.
• Apply two pieces of tape to the sprained finger — one just above the injured joint and one just below the injury.
• Position the cut piece of foam or cotton pad where the knuckles or bones of the two fingers between taped may press against one another.
• Tape the injured finger to the finger next to it, using the existing pieces of tape as an anchor.
• Do not wrap the fingers too tightly. If the tape causes the finger to bend or twist, it is too tight
• Remove the buddy tape once the finger has fully healed, usually after 2 to 4 weeks

First aid tape is available for purchase online.

Splint

Moderate sprains often benefit from the use of a splint to fully restrict the ligament and keep it straight while it heals.

Finger braces

Finger braces can be purchased at drug or grocery store and applied as instructed.

Most studies show that a type of splint called a baseball splint is the best choice for a sprained finger.

The injured finger should be splinted in a slightly flexed, or downward curving, position and left on for 5 to 7 days. Once a person has removed the splint, they may choose to buddy tape the finger until it heals fully.

Finger braces are available for purchase online.

Exercise

Once the pain and swelling have decreased, it is important to start moving the finger as much as is comfortable.

As the finger heals, performing daily finger stretches using a hand exercise ball or resistance bands can help encourage healthy blood flow to the finger and prevents muscle loss.

Stop, or reduce, exercises or stretches that increase pain or feel very uncomfortable.

Surgery

If the ligament is completely torn, surgery may be necessary to repair the tissue and allow it to heal properly. Otherwise, an unstable joint is a possibility.

After surgery, a doctor will apply a splint or cast to the finger, which a person will need to keep on for several weeks.

Buddy taping is best used during the final weeks of healing once the cast or splint has been removed.

Sprained finger: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

A sprained finger occurs when the ligaments that connect and support the bones and joints of the finger are damaged. Sprained fingers are very common and can be very painful, swollen, and difficult to move.

For most people, resting, icing, compressing, and elevating (RICE) the injured finger will reduce inflammation and associated symptoms.

Depending on the severity of the damage, sprained fingers usually improve in a few days with basic care, and heal entirely after a few weeks of rest and rehabilitation.

Share on PinterestSymptoms of a sprained finger include redness, pain, bruising, and swelling.

Inflammation is the primary symptom of a sprained finger. Inflammation occurs because it is the body’s first line of immune defense after an injury.

A sprain may also cause reduced mobility of the injured finger.

Other symptoms commonly associated with a sprained finger include:

• pain
• redness
• swelling
• increase in pain when attempting to move or use the finger
• inability to straighten, extend, or bend the finger
• throbbing, especially when allowing the finger to rest or when hanging at a person’s side
• bruising

Unlike a sprained finger, a broken finger involves injury to the actual bones or joints of the finger and requires medical treatment.

Broken fingers also tend to be painful, disabling, or alarming enough that most people seek medical attention soon after they occur.

Broken fingers often cause the same symptoms as sprained fingers, though they tend to be more severe or exaggerated. A broken finger may also appear disfigured, out of alignment, or abnormally bent.

And most broken fingers are nearly impossible to straighten, stretch, or use without extreme pain.

Share on PinterestOver-the-counter medication, such as ibuprofen, may help to manage the symptoms.

Most mild sprains, where the ligaments are stretched too far but are not torn, do not require medical attention.

People can usually treat a mildly sprained finger at home using RICE to reduce blood flow and by extension, inflammation.

Over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammatory medications can also help reduce and manage symptoms for the first few days.

Tips for treating sprained fingers at home include:

R — rest

One of the easiest ways to reduce pain and swelling associated with a sprained finger is to limit the use of the finger for a few days after the initial injury. Depending on how severe the sprain is, it often helps to rest the injured finger for a few hours each day while it heals.

I — ice

Apply an ice pack or compress wrapped in a cloth to the injured finger. Do not expose the skin directly to ice and do not keep the ice on the finger for more than 15 minutes at one time. If the finger becomes more painful, swollen, or darker in color, a person should stop using the ice immediately. Ice packs are available for purchase online.

Icing injuries for too long can increase inflammation and potentially freeze and damage tissues. Take a 20-minute break between icing sessions and repeat hourly or several times daily.

C — compression

Gently wrap the finger with a small elastic bandage, finger compress bandage, or sports tape, all of which are available to purchase online. Wrap the bandage just tight enough to apply light pressure to the finger. Do not wrap too tightly, as the bandage could act as a tourniquet and limit the circulation. Remove the bandage after the first 24 to 48 hours, or when the inflammation has begun to reduce significantly. Once the compression bandage has been removed, the finger should be buddy taped.

E — elevation

Keep the finger elevated, or raised at a level above the heart. Use a sling to keep the finger raised while standing or walking. While sitting or sleeping, use a pillow to prop up the injured finger.

Over-the-counter medications

Especially in the first few days after the sprain occurs, over-the-counter pain and anti-inflammation medications, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and naproxen, can help make symptoms more manageable.

Take all medications as prescribed. If a person wants to take medication for an extended period, they must talk to a doctor first.

Buddy tape

Mild to moderate strains respond well to buddy taping — using first aid tape to bind the injured finger to a healthy finger next to it. Buddy taping the injured finger protects it from further injury and encourages it to straighten as it heals.

For moderate to severe sprains, wait about 48 hours after the injury happened or for the initial swelling to start subsiding before taping the finger.

Tips for buddy taping a sprained finger include:

• Cut a small piece of foam or cotton pad into a small rectangle roughly half the length and width of the injured finger.
• Cut two strips of non-stretch first aid or medical tape long enough to wrap around the finger.
• Apply two pieces of tape to the sprained finger — one just above the injured joint and one just below the injury.
• Position the cut piece of foam or cotton pad where the knuckles or bones of the two fingers between taped may press against one another.
• Tape the injured finger to the finger next to it, using the existing pieces of tape as an anchor.
• Do not wrap the fingers too tightly. If the tape causes the finger to bend or twist, it is too tight
• Remove the buddy tape once the finger has fully healed, usually after 2 to 4 weeks

First aid tape is available for purchase online.

Splint

Moderate sprains often benefit from the use of a splint to fully restrict the ligament and keep it straight while it heals.

Finger braces

Finger braces can be purchased at drug or grocery store and applied as instructed.

Most studies show that a type of splint called a baseball splint is the best choice for a sprained finger.

The injured finger should be splinted in a slightly flexed, or downward curving, position and left on for 5 to 7 days. Once a person has removed the splint, they may choose to buddy tape the finger until it heals fully.

Finger braces are available for purchase online.

Exercise

Once the pain and swelling have decreased, it is important to start moving the finger as much as is comfortable.

As the finger heals, performing daily finger stretches using a hand exercise ball or resistance bands can help encourage healthy blood flow to the finger and prevents muscle loss.

Stop, or reduce, exercises or stretches that increase pain or feel very uncomfortable.

Surgery

If the ligament is completely torn, surgery may be necessary to repair the tissue and allow it to heal properly. Otherwise, an unstable joint is a possibility.

After surgery, a doctor will apply a splint or cast to the finger, which a person will need to keep on for several weeks.

Buddy taping is best used during the final weeks of healing once the cast or splint has been removed.

Ligament Injuries In The Fingers – Hand – Conditions – Musculoskeletal – What We Treat

What is a ligament injury in the fingers?

A ligament injury in a finger is when one or more of the ligaments supporting a finger joint is overstretched and damaged. Physiotherapy is important following a ligament injury in the finger.

How does a ligament injury in the fingers happen?

Ligaments are injured when they are overstretched. This can occur if a finger is bent back with force. This is common in the sports and may be caused by a ball hitting the finger or if a finger gets caught on a fellow competitor’s clothing, a net or the ground.

Above: Soft tissue massage and mobilisations of the finger tendons and joints

What are the symptoms of a ligament injury in the fingers?

When a ligament supporting a finger joint is injured pain is felt in the finger. It is often made more painful if the joint is moved or if the finger is touched where the ligament is injured. Shortly after the injury the finger will become swollen and then bruised. Other symptoms may include:

What should I do if I have a ligament injury in my finger?

If you have or suspect you have a ligament injury in your finger, you should begin the RICE regime (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation). Rest involves not using your finger. Ice should be applied to the injured site for 15–20 minutes every 1–2 hours using a bag of frozen peas in a moist cloth or towel or by submerging the finger in a cup of ice with a little bit of water.
Compression can be applied with a firm elastic bandage around the finger. Elevation involves lying or sitting with the injured site resting comfortably on a chair or pillows so that it is above the level of the heart. You should continue the RICE regime until your initial assessment with your physiotherapist. This should be arranged for as soon as possible following the injury (within the first couple of days).

Physiotherapy treatment for a ligament injury in the fingers.

Physiotherapy is very important in the treatment of an injured ligament within a finger. Initially, your physiotherapist will assess which tissues have been damaged and the extent of this damage. Referral for an X-ray may be required to determine whether any of the bones are damaged. From the assessment, your physiotherapist can devise a treatment plan specific to you.

Treatment may involve wearing a splint, electrotherapy to decrease pain, swelling and promote healing. Your physiotherapist will also provide you with a graduated programme of stretching and strengthening exercises to improve joint movement and strength. When you do return to normal activity or participation in sports your physiotherapist will advise you on protective measures such as taping techniques, splints and supports to protect the injured ligament/s.

Other treatment includes:

What shouldn’t I do if I have a ligament injury in my finger?

If you have or suspect you have a ligament injury in your finger, you should not perform activities which increase blood flow to the injured area. These activities include hot showers, heat rubs, massage and the consumption of alcohol. These may increase swelling around the injured ligament and potentially prolong your recovery.

Can there be any long-term effects from a ligament injury in the fingers?

Most ligament injuries within a finger heal without complication in a matter of weeks. However, a proportion of injuries can result in longer-term effects, depending on the severity of the injury and extent of damage. When a ligament supporting a finger joint is injured, a piece of the bone it attaches can sometimes be chipped-off. This may prolong your recovery. Recovery may also be prolonged if the ligament is completely torn as surgery may be required to repair the ligament.

To arrange a physiotherapy assessment call Physio.co.uk on 0330 088 7800 or book online.

Finger Tendon Rupture

Tendons are cordlike fibers that connect muscles to bones. The flexor and extensor tendons help control movement in your fingers. A tear (rupture) of 1 or more of these tendons can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and bleeding. Depending on the type of tendon injured and the degree of the injury, you may be unable to bend or straighten the affected finger.

X-rays are often taken to look for injury to bones. A splint or cast may be applied to the affected finger to hold it in position. If the injury is severe, surgery may be needed to reattach the torn ends of the tendon. In this case, a hand surgeon may be recommended for surgical evaluation and treatment.

Hand exercises or physical therapy may also be recommended. These can help reduce stiffness or loss of movement in the finger after the tendon heals.

Home care

Follow these guidelines when caring for yourself at home:

• Put a cold pack on the injured area 3 to 4 times a day for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. To make an ice pack, put ice cubes in a plastic bag that seals at the top. Wrap the bag in a clean, thin towel or cloth. Never put ice or an ice pack directly on the skin. The cold pack can be put right on the cast or splint. As the ice melts, be careful that the cast or splint doesn’t get wet. Use the cold pack until pain and swelling get better. 

• To help with pain and swelling, keep your hand raised above the level of your heart. When sitting or lying down, put your hand on a pillow that rests on your chest or on a pillow at your side.

• Care for your splint or cast as instructed. If you have a splint, wear it as directed. If you don’t use it correctly, your finger will not heal correctly.

• When bathing, keep your splint or cast well out of the water. Protect it with a large plastic bag, with a rubber banded at the top end. If a fiberglass splint or cast gets wet, you can dry it with a hair dryer.

• Do any finger and hand exercises as instructed.

Follow-up care

Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. Physical therapy (PT) is often recommended after a flexor tendon injury. Ask your healthcare provider about PT.

When to seek medical advice

Call your healthcare provider right away if any of these occur:

• Fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, or as directed by your healthcare provider

• Chills

• Increased pain or swelling

• Finger or hand becomes cold, blue, numb, or tingly

Hand tendon repair – NHS

If any of the tendons in your hand are damaged, surgery may be needed to repair them and help restore movement in the affected fingers or thumb.

What are tendons?

Tendons are tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones. When a group of muscles contract (tighten), the attached tendons will pull on certain bones, allowing you to make a wide range of movements.

There are 2 groups of tendons in the hand:

• extensor tendons – which run from the forearm across the back of your hand to your fingers and thumb, allowing you to straighten your fingers and thumb
• flexor tendons – which run from your forearm through your wrist and across the palm of your hand, allowing you to bend your fingers

Surgery can often be done to repair damage to both these groups of tendons.

When hand tendon repair is needed

Hand tendon repair is done when one or more tendons in your hand rupture or are cut, leading to the loss of normal hand movements.

If your extensor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to straighten one or more fingers.

If your flexor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to bend one or more fingers.

Tendon damage can also cause pain and swelling (inflammation) in your hand.

In some cases, damage to the extensor tendons can be treated without the need for surgery, using a rigid support called a splint that’s worn around the hand.

Common causes of tendon injuries include:

• cuts – cuts across the back or palm of your hand can result in injury to your tendons 
• sports injuries – extensor tendons can rupture when stubbing a finger, such as trying to catch a ball; flexor tendons can occasionally be pulled off the bone when grabbing an opponent’s jersey, such as in rugby; and the pulleys holding flexor tendons can rupture during activities that involve lots of strenuous gripping, such as rock climbing
• bites – animal and human bites can cause tendon damage, and a person may damage their hand tendon after punching another person in the teeth
• crushing injuries – jamming a finger in a door or crushing a hand in a car accident can divide or rupture a tendon 
• rheumatoid arthritis – rheumatoid arthritis can cause tendons to become inflamed, which can lead to tendons rupturing in severe cases

Tendon repair surgery

Tendon repair may involve a surgeon making a cut (incision) in your wrist, hand or finger so they can locate the ends of the divided tendon and stitch them together.

Extensor tendons are easier to reach, so repairing them is relatively straightforward.

Read more about how hand tendon repair is performed.

Recovering from surgery

Both types of tendon surgery require a lengthy period of recovery (rehabilitation) because the repaired tendons will be weak until the ends heal together.

Depending on the location of the injury, it can take up to 3 months for the repaired tendon to regain its previous strength.

Rehabilitation involves protecting your tendons from overuse using a hand splint. You’ll usually need to wear a hand splint for several weeks after surgery.

You’ll also need to perform hand exercises regularly during your recovery to stop the repaired tendons sticking to nearby tissue, which can prevent you being able to fully move your hand.

When you can return to work will depend on your job. Light activities can often be resumed after 6 to 8 weeks, and heavy activities and sport after 10 to 12 weeks.

Read more about recovering from hand tendon repair.

Results

After an extensor tendon repair you should have a working finger or thumb, but you may not regain full movement.

The outcome is often better when the injury is a clean cut to the tendon, rather than one that involves crushing or damage to the bones and joints.

A flexor tendon injury is generally more serious because they’re often put under more strain than extensor tendons.

After a flexor tendon repair, it’s quite common for some fingers to not regain full movement. But the tendon repair will still give a better result than not having surgery.

In some cases, complications develop after surgery, such as infection or the repaired tendon snapping or sticking to nearby tissue.

In these circumstances, further treatment may be required.

Page last reviewed: 14 June 2018
Next review due: 14 June 2021

Finger Sprains: Leave Them, Fix Them or Treat Them?

A sprain occurs when a joint is stretched too far — causing stretching or tearing of ligament tissue that holds the joints together. Finger sprains, or “jams,” are one of the most common injuries in hand-focused sports, like basketball or volleyball, or sports where falls on hands are common, like football. To understand finger injuries and when you need to treat them, it is important to be familiar with the basic anatomy of the finger.  

The finger has three joints: the metacarpal phalangeal joint (MCP joint) or big knuckle, the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP joint) or the middle knuckle, and the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP joint) or the small knuckle at the tip of the finger. Each joint has ligaments on the sides, called collateral ligaments, that are often injured when fingers are hit from the side or landed on, and on the palm side, which get injured with hyperextension of the fingers.   

After an injury, there will be pain, swelling and often stiffness or difficulty moving the finger. See a doctor immediately if the finger is obviously out of place, crooked or misshapen, cold, pale or numb, or if swelling and/or severe pain developed immediately within the first 30 minutes after the injury.

With minor injuries, typically the finger can be treated with RICE principles (rest, ice, compression and elevation). Another helpful treatment is to buddy tape the finger to the adjacent finger for increased stability.  To do this, hold the injured finger next to the finger beside it, and tape them together; wrap the tape around the fingers (not too tightly) at the base of the finger and above the PIP joints (not over the knuckles). Placing thin foam between the fingers can also protect the skin. Buddy taping should allow some gentle movement, bending and straightening, so the fingers do not get too stiff.  

If pain and swelling symptoms do not improve significantly after 48 to 72 hours of conservative treatment of RICE principles and buddy taping, you should make an appointment with your physician. We often see patients who let an injury go for several months with stiffness and pain. Once the finger is stiff for several months, it can take several weeks or even months of therapy treatment to regain motion and function.      

When you go to the doctor, try to remember as much as possible about the original injury. For example, did you hear a pop or snap, and was the finger immediately swollen or misshapen. This can give the doctor important information about your injury. Treatment can include X-rays to check for broken bones and to evaluate the joint as well as looking for increased space or bones that are not aligned, which can indicate more severe sprains.  

There are many finger injuries that will heal on their own, especially with care, rest and treatment at home. But it is important to see a doctor quickly when it is more serious to ensure the quickest recovery — leaving a serious injury for too long can make it very difficult to heal and regain full function.

To find out which MOTION locations offer hand & upper extremity center services, visit https://motionptg.com/services/occupational-therapy/hand-upper-extremity-center/.

Ann Marie Feretti, EdD, OTR/L, CHT

Occupational Therapist, Certified Hand Therapist

MOTION Regional Director, Occupational & Hand Therapy

90,000 Injuries / ruptures of the flexor and extensor tendons of the fingers

For the proper functioning of the hand, coordinated work of the flexor and extensor tendons of the fingers of the hand is necessary. There are no muscles in the fingers, so their flexion and extension is realized due to the tendons of the muscles that are located on the forearm. The flexor tendons are located on the palmar surface of the hand, the extensors are located on the dorsum just under the skin. Each toe has two flexor tendons, superficial and deep.The deep flexor attaches to the nail phalanges of the fingers and is responsible for their flexion, and the superficial flexor to the middle phalanges. Injuries to the flexors and extensors of the fingers of the hand are quite common due to the predominantly superficial arrangement of the tendons. When the flexors of the fingers are injured, the end of the tendon located proximally is pulled up, which makes it very difficult to find the ends of the tendon when it breaks. When the extensors are injured, the tendon practically does not move, therefore, it is easier to treat.

Types of damage

Symptoms

When tearing or tearing, the following symptoms are observed:

• In case of damage to the tendons on the palmar surface of the hand or fingers, there is a violation of the flexion function, due to which the fingers are in an overextended state
• In case of injuries to the dorsum of the hand, the extension function of one or more fingers is impaired
• Numbness of fingers and other sensory disturbances (with damage to nerves)
• Deformation of fingers
• Edema
• Hemorrhage
• Violation of the integrity of the tendons
• Visible soft tissue injury (open trauma)

Which doctor should I contact

Diagnostics

Treatment

In case of damage to the extensors, two treatment options are possible: conservative and surgical. Injuries at the level of the fingers can be healed without surgery, but subject to prolonged wearing of plaster or plastic splints. In all other cases, as well as with injuries of the flexor tendons, surgical treatment is indicated. The operation is a complex surgical procedure, often using microsurgical techniques. It consists in dissecting the skin and suturing the ends of the torn tendon under local or local anesthesia. In the postoperative period, the arm must be fixed with a plaster cast.

When the ends of the tendons are disintegrated or disfigured, they are excised. To avoid postoperative flexion contracture, surgery is performed to lengthen the tendon in the tendon-muscular part or its Z-shaped lengthening proximal to the damaged area.

In some cases, with chronic injuries of the flexor tendons of the fingers (the presence of defects of the tendon 2 or more centimeters long), the patient is shown plastic surgery of the tendons, or plastic with preliminary formation of the tendon canal using temporary endoprosthetics of the tendon with a silicone endoprosthesis. Most often, plastic is performed in conjunction with other surgical interventions (revision of the tendons, tenolysis, etc.).

Rehabilitation is necessary after any method of treating injuries to the extensor and flexors of the fingers of the hand. For 3-5 weeks, the tendons grow together quite firmly, after which you can remove the plaster cast and, under the supervision of a doctor, begin recovery procedures.

Restoration of all necessary functions of the fingers includes: physiotherapy exercises to develop the hand, physiotherapy procedures, massage, salt baths and other procedures as prescribed by a doctor.

In Moscow, you can make an appointment with qualified specialists at the clinic of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Waiting for you.

Finger tendon rupture treatment in the clinic of St. Petersburg

Causes of damage

If you hit a finger with a sharp object, you can easily damage the extensor tendon, which is located on the back of the finger. However, closed, subcutaneous injuries are also common: when the skin remains intact, and the tendon is torn.This can happen with a butt impact on the finger or under rather curious circumstances, for example, when a patient puts on a sock and hears a slight crackling sound. Trying to understand the reason for this sound, a person notices that the nail phalanx does not unbend, although there was no injury. Thus, as a result of the rupture of the extensor tendon, the nail phalanx of the finger stops actively unbending, but is capable of bending at the same time. The flexor tendon, while retaining traction, gives the nail phalanx a flexed position.(fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Subcutaneous injury to the extensor tendon of the 5th finger of the right hand at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint.

Traumatologist-orthopedist “SM-Clinic”

“Different treatment tactics are used for different types of injuries. Open injuries require urgent surgery to repair the tendon rupture.”

Treatment

The nail phalanx is fixed in the overextension position with a special wire so that the patient does not accidentally bend the finger and thereby damage the tendon suture.The finger is fixed with a knitting needle and a plaster cast for up to 6 weeks. With subcutaneous damage to the tendon, you can do without surgery if you start to act already on the first day after the injury. The injured finger must be fixed with a splint, giving the nail phalanx a position of hyperextension for 6 weeks. A correctly applied brace can provide tendon fusion in 50% of those affected. (fig. 2)

Fig. 2. An example of finger splinting in case of damage to the extensor tendon.

An ordinary wooden spatula acts as a splint, on which the finger is fixed with a plaster. A gauze roller is placed under the nail phalanx to give it an overextension position. If the fusion has taken place, then after removing the splint, the nail phalanx is held in the extension position and the patient needs to develop all the joints of the finger. If the nail phalanx still does not extend, it is necessary to prepare for surgery. The operation can be performed within 2 to 3 months after the injury, provided that the mobility of the nail phalanx is maintained.

The technique of the operation consists in cutting the skin over the damaged tendon, its oblique longitudinal dissection, followed by suturing to shorten the damaged tendon. The nail phalanx is fixed with a wire and a plaster cast in the position of hyperextension of the nail phalanx for 6 weeks. After the removal of the needle, during the rehabilitation treatment, the patient can be prescribed physiotherapy treatment, therapeutic exercises and massage for the speedy restoration of movements in the finger joints.

Author of the article: Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich operating traumatologist at the “SM-Clinic”

Treatment of damage and rupture of ligaments

Ligament injury is one of the most common types of sports injuries resulting from abrupt and twisting movements in a bent joint.Excessive pressure or an amplitude of movements exceeding the elasticity of tissues leads to partial or complete rupture of the fibers of the ligaments, which in everyday life is called “stretching”. Ligaments in the ankle, shoulder, knee, and toes are most common. Injury can occur in the home and during sports.

Classification of ligament damage

There are three degrees of ligament rupture:

• Grade I – part of the bundle fibers are torn, continuity and mechanical integrity are preserved.There is no hemorrhage at the site of injury, puffiness and swelling are practically not detected. Complaints of moderate pain.

• Grade II – most of the fibers are torn. There is bruising and swelling, and movement in the joint is limited and painful. Minor joint instability may be detected.

• III degree – complete rupture of the ligament. It is characterized by joint instability, severe swelling and bruising.Complaints of severe pain.

Symptoms of partial rupture of ligaments

• acute pain at the time of injury and after it;

• skin redness;

• hemorrhage;

• edema;

• severe limitation of joint function.

Diagnosis of ligament rupture

Primary diagnostics includes external examination and palpation, additional methods include X-ray and ultrasound studies, magnetic resonance imaging.With an incomplete rupture of the ligaments, there is a partial limitation of the mobility of the joint, while with a rupture, an atypically large amplitude is observed. With dislocation, one of the bones is displaced, a change in appearance and the impossibility of movement in the joint. Symptoms and painful sensations with a closed fracture and sprain are the same, so an X-ray examination is required to make a definitive diagnosis.

First aid for partial rupture of ligaments

Timely and correctly provided first aid can prevent the development of complications and facilitate subsequent treatment.The following measures should be taken as primary therapy:

• to provide immobility and rest;

• apply cold;

• Apply a bandage;

• take painkillers.

Treatment of ligament damage

For complete healing of the damaged ligament, an accurate diagnosis and a correct approach to treatment are required. this will avoid the development of undesirable consequences and complications.At home, you can do the following:

• to provide rest to the damaged area and protect the limb from stress;

• Apply cold to reduce bruising, inflammation and pain;

• Apply a bandage that will protect damaged ligaments, reduce mobility and reduce swelling;

• to give the limbs a high position in order to improve venous outflow, reduce swelling and reduce pain;

• take anti-inflammatory drugs.

Thanks to these measures, the edema is removed as quickly as possible, and the injured limb is protected from stress. The basis for conservative treatment of ligament damage is the application of an elastic bandage and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, but for a complete examination, you need to consult a specialist. The course of treatment usually lasts up to 4 weeks, and full recovery takes up to 10 weeks.

In case of complete rupture of the fibers of the ligaments, they resort to surgical intervention.In this case, rehabilitation after a ruptured ligament can take several months.

You can get advice, diagnose and treat ligament tears and injuries at the European Clinic of Sports Traumatology and Orthopedics (ECSTO).

Tendon damage | Center for Endosurgical Technologies

The choice of the tendon reconstruction method is made taking into account the time elapsed since the injury, the prevalence of cicatricial changes along the tendons, the condition of the skin at the site of operation.The tendon suture is shown when it is possible to connect the damaged tendon end-to-end, the normal condition of the soft tissues in the area of ​​operation. A primary tendon suture is isolated, performed within 10-12 days after injury in the absence of signs of infection in the area of ​​the wound and its cut nature, and a delayed suture, which is applied within 12 days to 6 weeks after injury under less favorable conditions (lacerated-bruised wounds). In many cases, in a later period, suturing is impossible due to muscle retraction and the occurrence of significant diastasis between the ends of the tendon.All types of tendon sutures can be divided into two main groups – removable and submersible.

Removable sutures, proposed in 1944 by Bunnell S., are used for fixing the tendon to the bone and in areas where early movement is not so necessary. The suture is removed after the tendon is firmly attached to the tissue at the fixation point. The immersion seams remain in the tissue, bearing mechanical stress. In some cases, additional sutures are used to provide a more perfect alignment of the ends of the tendons.In old cases, as well as with a primary defect, tendon plasty (tendoplasty) is indicated. The source of the tendon autograft is tendons, the removal of which does not cause significant functional and cosmetic disorders, for example, the palmaris longus tendon, superficial flexors of the fingers, long extensors of the toes, plantar muscle.

Damage to the flexor tendons of the fingers

Anatomy.

Flexion of 2-5 fingers is carried out due to two long tendons – superficial, attaching to the base of the middle phalanx and deep, attaching to the base of the distal phalanx.Flexion of 1 finger is carried out by the tendon of the long flexor of 1 finger. Flexor tendons are located in narrow, complex-shaped osteo-fibrous canals, which change their shape depending on the position of the finger

Changes in the shape of the fibrous canals of 2-5 fingers of the hand during their flexion

In places of greatest friction between the palmar wall of the canals and the surface of the tendons, the latter are surrounded by the synovial membrane that forms the vagina. The deep flexor tendons of the fingers are connected through the worm-like muscles with the tendon extensor apparatus.

Diagnostics.

In case of damage to the tendon of the deep flexor of the finger with a fixed middle phalanx, flexion of the nail is impossible, with combined damage to both tendons, flexion of the middle phalanx is also impossible.

Diagnosis of injuries of flexor tendons (1, 3 – deep, 2, 4 – both)

Flexion of the main phalanx is possible due to contraction of the interosseous and vermiform muscles.

Treatment.

There are five zones of the hand, within which the anatomical features affect the technique and results of the primary tendon suture.

Brush zones

In 1 zone in the osteo-fibrous canal, only the deep flexor tendon passes, so its damage is always isolated. The tendon has a small range of motion, the central end is often held by the mesotenon and can be easily removed without significantly widening the area of ​​damage. All these factors determine the good result of the placement of the primary tendon suture. The most commonly used transosseous removable tendon suture. The use of submerged joints is possible.

During zone 2, the tendons of the superficial and deep flexors of the fingers cross, the tendons are tightly adjacent to each other, have a large range of motion. Tendon suture results are often unsatisfactory due to scar fusion between sliding surfaces. This zone is called critical or “no-man’s”.

Due to the narrowness of the bone-fibrous canals, suture of both tendons is not always possible; in some cases, excision of the tendon of the superficial finger flexor and suture only on the deep flexor tendon is necessary.In most cases, this avoids finger contractures and does not significantly affect flexion function.

In zone 3, the flexor tendons of the adjacent fingers are separated by neurovascular bundles and vermiform muscles. Therefore, damage to the tendons in this area is often accompanied by damage to these structures. After the tendon suture, a digital nerve suture is required.

Within 4 zones, the flexor tendons are located in the carpal tunnel together with the median nerve, which is located superficially.Tendon injuries in this area are quite rare and are almost always associated with damage to the median nerve. The operation involves dissection of the transverse ligament of the wrist, the suture of the deep flexor tendons of the fingers, the tendons of the superficial flexors are excised.

During the 5th zone, the synovial sheaths end, the tendons of the adjacent fingers pass close to each other and when the hand is squeezed into a fist, they are displaced together. Therefore, cicatricial fusion of the tendons with each other practically does not affect the volume of flexion of the fingers.Tendon suture results in this area are generally good.

Postoperative management.

Immobilize the finger using a back plaster splint for a period of 3 weeks. From the second week after the edema subsides and the pain syndrome in the wound decreases, passive flexion of the finger is performed. After removing the plaster splint, active movements begin.

Damage to the extensor tendons of the fingers

Anatomy.

In the formation of the extensor apparatus, the tendon of the common extensor of the finger and the tendons of the interosseous and vermiform muscles are involved, connected by many lateral ligaments, forming a tendon-aponeurotic extension

Extensors of fingers and hands.

It must be remembered that the index and little fingers, in addition to the common one, also have their own extensor tendon. The middle bundles of the extensor tendon of the fingers are attached to the base of the middle phalanx, unbending it, and the lateral bundles are connected to the tendons of the small muscles of the hand, are attached to the base of the nail phalanx and perform the function of extending the latter. The extensor aponeurosis at the level of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints forms a fibrocartilaginous disc similar to the patella.The function of the small muscles of the hand depends on the stabilization of the main phalanx by the extensor of the finger. When the main phalanx is bent, they act as flexors, and when unbent, together with the extensor of the fingers, they become extensors of the distal and middle phalanges.

Thus, one can speak of a perfect extensor-flexion function of the finger only with the integrity of all anatomical structures. The presence of such a complex interconnection of elements to some extent favors the spontaneous healing of partial injuries of the extensor apparatus.In addition, the presence of lateral ligaments of the extensor surface of the finger prevents the tendon from contracting in the event of injury.

Diagnostics.

The characteristic position that the finger takes depending on the level of damage allows a quick diagnosis.

Diagnosis of damage to the extensor tendons

extensors at the level of the distal phalanx, the finger takes a flexion position in the distal interphalangeal joint. This deformation is called the mallet finger.In most cases of fresh lesions, conservative treatment is effective. To do this, the finger must be fixed in an over-extended position in the distal interphalangeal joint using a special splint. The amount of hyperextension depends on the level of mobility of the patient’s joints and should not cause discomfort. The remaining joints of the finger and hand must be left free. The immobilization period is 6-8 weeks. However, the use of splints requires constant monitoring of the position of the finger, the state of the splint elements, as well as the patient’s understanding of the task before him, therefore, in some cases, transarticular fixation of the nail phalanx with a wire for the same period is possible.Surgical treatment is indicated when the tendon is torn away from the insertion site with a significant bone fragment. In this case, a transosseous suture of the extensor tendon is made with fixation of the bone fragment.

When the extensor tendons are damaged at the level of the middle phalanx, the triangular ligament is simultaneously damaged, and the lateral tendon bundles diverge in the palmar direction. Thus, they do not unbend, but bend the middle phalanx. In this case, the head of the main phalanx is displaced forward through the slit in the extensor apparatus, like a button passing into a loop.The finger assumes a bent position in the proximal interphalangeal joint and over-extended position in the distal interphalangeal joint. This deformation is called “boutonniere”. With this type of injury, surgical treatment is necessary – stitching of the damaged elements with subsequent immobilization for 6-8 weeks.

Treatment of injuries at the level of the main phalanx, metacarpophalangeal joints, metacarpus and wrist only operative – the primary tendon suture followed by immobilization of the hand in the position of extension in the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints and slight flexion in the interphalangeal joints with the subsequent development of 4 weeks of movements.

Damage to the nerves of the hand

The innervation of the hand is provided by three main nerves – the median, ulnar and radial. In most cases, the main sensory nerve of the hand is the median, and the main motor nerve is the ulnar, which innervates the muscles of the eminence of the little finger, the interosseous, 3 and 4 vermiform muscles and the adductor thumb muscle. The motor branch of the median nerve extending from its lateral cutaneous branch immediately after exiting the carpal tunnel is of great clinical importance.This branch innervates the short flexor of 1 finger, as well as the short abductor and opposing muscles of many. the muscles of the hand have double innervation, which preserves to one degree or another the function of these muscles when one of the nerve trunks is damaged. The superficial branch of the radial nerve is the least significant, providing sensitivity on the dorsum of the hand. If both digital nerves are damaged due to loss of sensitivity, the patient cannot use the fingers, their atrophy occurs.

The diagnosis of nerve damage should be made prior to surgery, as this is not possible after anesthesia.

Suture on the nerves of the hand requires the use of microsurgical techniques and adequate suture material (thread 6 \ 0-8 \ 0). In the case of fresh injuries, the soft and bone tissues are first processed, after which the nerve suture is started

Epineural nerve suture

The limb is fixed in a position that provides the least tension in the suture line for 3-4 weeks.

Conclusions:

Operations to restore functionally important structures of the hand, are carried out in several stages, stationary stages alternate with outpatient ones, experience and specialist supervision are needed at all stages. In view of the weakness of the outpatient link of state institutions, adequate assistance is possible only in the conditions of the “Center for Endosurgical Technologies” where there is no uncontrolled molasses of victims, here you can pay attention to each patient.

It is very important to get to the right specialist right after an injury, in our city not many traumatologists deal with this problem due to the complexity and low profitability on the basis of state clinics.The doctor must plan all your treatment from start to finish, anticipate and anticipate all possible complications. The first stage is the most important, it is very difficult to fix something in the future, sometimes it is not possible.

Hand surgery requires experience from the doctor, and from the patient patience and a determination to win.

To book a consultation: e-mail: [email protected], tel .: +7 (391) 297-52-52

Injuries and injuries to the ligaments of the big toe

With injuries to the first metatarsophalangeal joint or the big toe, pain and swelling may initially be relatively mild, but during the first day they usually increase, and the next day the athlete comes to training already limping.

In order to choose the most optimal treatment tactics and somehow assess its prognosis, doctors use a special classification.

Grade 1 lesions are characterized by overstretching of the capsule and ligaments of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Patients complain of pain along the plantar and inner surface of the first toe, the swelling is minimal, there are no hemorrhages (bruises).

Movement in the joint is slightly limited, and athletes usually retain the ability to load the foot and continue training, albeit with some pain.

Grade 2 lesions are characterized by partial rupture of the capsule and ligaments of the first toe.

Soreness is more intense, edema and hemorrhage are expressed. Painful sensations and protective reactions lead to some limitation of movements in the joint.

Athletes complain of moderate pain and lameness. They cannot train at a normal level.

Grade 3 lesions are complete ruptures leading to severe pain, edema and hemorrhage.

Locally marked soreness along the plantar and dorsum of the thumb and the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Injury of the third degree leads to rupture of the plantar plate. In many cases, this type of injury is characterized by dislocation of the thumb in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, followed by its spontaneous reduction.

A pronounced limitation of movement in the joint almost always develops. Athletes in such situations cannot load the inner surface of the foot and, of course, cannot continue training.

X-ray of the foot in direct projection of a professional football player with signs of pronounced migration of the sesamoid bones.

Chronic damage to the ligaments of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is a consequence of its acute injury, which at one time was missed or did not receive due attention from both doctors and the athlete himself.

This condition is characterized by long-term pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint and contracture of the thumb.

Due to the absence of plantar stabilizers of the joint, dorsal subluxation of the thumb develops.

Against the background of cicatricial changes in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, a hallux rigidus can form, manifested by a pronounced limitation of the thumb’s mobility.

In case of severe damage to the ligaments of the first toe, a standard X-ray is performed to exclude possible bone injuries, be it tearing of the joint capsule with bone fragments, fractures of the sesamoid bones, dehiscence or migration of the sesamoid bones.

We consider MRI as the most informative method for visualizing ligamentous and osteochondral lesions.

MRI allows you to clearly see all types of damage and more accurately localize possible ruptures of ligaments and capsules and plan surgical intervention.

MRI for severe damage to the ligaments of the first toe. A, MRI shows signs of ligament rupture and displacement of the sesamoid bone. B, MRI shows signs of complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament while maintaining the integrity of the similar lateral ligament.

Ligament sprain. Causes and treatment

What is stretching

Sprains are one of the most common sports injuries. When stretching, excessive stretching of the joint capsule or periarticular structures (ligaments, muscles, tendons) occurs as a result of abrupt or non-physiological movements. Stretching is often accompanied by bleeding, edema, and micro-tears in these structures.

Sprains may not require treatment. After a while, the pain goes away without any consequences for.

In some cases, especially with frequent sprains, pain may become chronic and the joint may become unstable.

Chronic instability

With numerous micro-ruptures of the ligaments and the absence of proper treatment, the latter no longer stabilize the joint properly.As a result, the joint undergoes excessive wear and tear and arthrosis develops. After injuries, even seemingly minor ones, are advised to see a doctor in order to receive proper treatment and prevent the development of chronic instability.

How stretching occurs

Stretching occurs when the joints exceed the physiological range of motion. This usually happens as a result of a sharp external impact.In this case, part of the structures stabilizing the joint is torn at the microscopic level.

Symptoms – How to Recognize Sprain

With sprains, the following complaints are typical:

• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising (bruising)
• Limitation of the range of motion

When these symptoms appear, consult a doctor to rule out serious damage to the structures of the musculoskeletal system.

Risk factors

People with weak ligaments are prone to sprains.Also, this type of injury often occurs with a hollow foot, slowing of the muscle reaction time and muscle weakness .

Stretching is typical of jerky movements. Sprains are very common during basketball, soccer, and running on uneven surfaces. Thumb ligaments are damaged when playing handball, volleyball and skiing.

Prevention of sports injuries

In case of joint instability, the probability of its stretching increases many times over.

Bandages and other orthopedic devices will help stabilize the joint. For example, the following products are used to stabilize the ankle, while the Manumed family can be used to stabilize the wrist.

Helpful advice. When playing sports, always wear suitable footwear of good quality. This advice applies to daily activities as well.

Universal first aid algorithm for stretching any location:

Rest

Cold

Compression

Raised position

Rest .When stretching, the limb should be immobilized (immobilized). Do not load the injured area.

Cold . Cooling should be applied as quickly as possible. This will help reduce swelling and pain.

Compression . Compression bandages are excellently combined with cold exposure in the acute phase. Also, the compression bandage promotes accelerated regeneration. Depending on the severity of the injury, your doctor may recommend the use of a bandage or splint.

Sublime position. To quickly eliminate the swelling, the damaged segment should be kept in an elevated position relative to the body (on a pillow, roller, etc.).

Important Information

• Exercise the number of times indicated below unless otherwise advised by your doctor.
• If discomfort or pain occurs, stop exercising and consult your doctor.
• Take your time and follow the exercise technique.
• Depending on the phase of rehabilitation, you can exercise with or without an elastic band.

The rehabilitation plan should be agreed with your doctor.

Coordination training

Lunge Forward

Starting position

• Feet shoulder width apart
• Back straight

Exercise

• Take a small step forward with injured leg
• Load both legs evenly
• Return to starting position

• 3 sets of 15 reps

Lunge to the side

Starting position

• Feet shoulder-width apart
• Tighten your body muscles

Exercise

• Lunge in the directions indicated
• After each lunge, return to starting position

Execution mode Note: This exercise can be performed provided that the forward lunge does not cause discomfort or pain

Knee lift

Starting position

• Legs shoulder-width apart, slightly bent at the knees

Exercise

• Briefly lift your healthy leg
• Stabilize your body position with the ankle and knee joint

7 Keep your back straight Execution mode

• 3 repetitions of 20 seconds each

Knee lift on soft ground

Inventory

• Folded towel

Starting position

• Feet shoulder-width apart on a folded towel in four layers
• Knees slightly bent

Exercise

• 10
• Raise your leg body using the ankle and knee joint
• Keep your back straight

Execution mode

• 3 reps of 20 seconds each

Note: the exercise can be performed provided the knee lift does not cause discomfort or pain

Jumping

Starting position

• Feet shoulder-width apart
• Back straight

Exercise

• Take a small jump step with the injured leg
• Stand on one leg
• 900 Stabilize the knee position with the 27 ankle

  Run Mode

  Note: Perform this exercise provided that you can do the Soft Ground Knee Raise exercise without difficulty

  Strength training

  Support foot

  Starting position:

  • Place your hands on the floor behind your torso
  • Extend the injured leg
  • Bend your good leg
  • Pull your toes towards you (dorsiflexion)
  • Press the outside of your foot against a stationary object (wall, door jamb)
  • Change position and press on a stationary object with the inner side of the foot

  Execution mode :

  • 3 sets of 10 repetitions each side
  • Hold the position for 2-3 seconds

  Rotation of the foot

  Equipment:

  • Resistance band

  Starting position:

  • Place your hands on the floor behind your torso
  • Extend the injured leg
  • Flex your good leg

  1 Exercise

  Exercise
  Exercise
  Exercise legs towards you (dorsiflexion)
  • Place the band on the metatarsal area
  • Rotate the leg outward, overcoming the resistance of the band
  • Return to the starting position
  • Change the leg and repeat the exercise

  Execution mode :

  • 3 sets of 15 reps

  Note: only do this exercise if you can do the foot stop exercise without any difficulty

  Seated Heel Raise

  Starting position:

  • Sitting on a chair
  • Keep your back straight
  • Do not lean on the back of the chair
  • Place both feet on the floor

  Exercise :

  • With your hands, press
  • on your knees Raise your knees

  heels (maximum plantar flexion – 20 degrees)

  • Return to starting position

  Run Mode :

  • 3 sets of 15 reps
  • Hold for 1-2 seconds

  Heel lift (standing)

  • You can make the exercise easier by doing it on a flat surface.
  • We recommend holding onto a wall or other stationary object to maintain balance.

  Starting position:

  • Standing, feet shoulder-width apart
  • Keep your pelvis and torso straight
  • Stand on a step or bench for exercise, resting only on the metatarsal area

  Exercise :

  • Raising and lowering the torso due to the movement of the feet and ankle joints

  Execution mode :

  • 3 sets of 15 repetitions

  -or difficulties

  Mobilization exercises

  Roll (on a gymnastic ball)

  Equipment:

  • Gym ball

  Starting position:

  • Sit on a gymnastic ball
  • Keep your back straight
  • Place both feet on the floor
  • Place your hands on your knees

  69 :

  • Sitting on a gymnastic ball, do slow rolls (maximum 20 degrees; see.fig.)

  Run mode :

  • 3 sets of 15 repetitions

  Support to the floor

  Starting position:

  • Sitting on a chair
  • Keep your back straight
  • Do not lean on the back of the chair
  • Place both feet on the floor
  • Place a towel under your feet

  Exercise :

  Towel

  • forward and backward (maximum 20 degrees; see.fig.)

  Run mode :

  • 3 sets of 15 repetitions

  Medi products for the treatment of sprains

  The M.step brace is used to stabilize the ankle joint. The brace can be used in almost any shoe. When playing sports, the orthosis can also be used as a means of preventing sprains of the ankle joint.

  Learn more about the orthosis M.step.

  Hand surgery

  The hand is our mediator in the material world, it transmits information and fulfills our will, expresses feelings. It is the thinnest living instrument that even the most sophisticated machines have not come close to. “As if without hands” – we say about the most necessary. “Lending a helping hand” is about a noble deed.

  And who will lend a helping hand if trouble has happened to the limb itself? Here you cannot do without qualified, partly narrow specialists.The fact is that the hand has many specific differences from other parts of the body. Small but very important anatomical formations are concentrated on a small area, requiring exceptional attention. Damage to tendons and nerves, which have a few millimeters in diameter, can lead to permanent disability in an instant. The brush has complex and subtle biomechanics. Hand treatment requires special skills, deep knowledge, special tools and equipment.Hand surgery is by no means a small surgery, there are no size discounts here.

  Hand surgery was formed into a separate area of ​​traumatology and orthopedics in the middle of the last century and has been constantly developing since then, opening up new horizons of possibilities. It combines orthopedics, traumatology, vascular, plastic surgery, neurosurgery.

  In our clinic, the treatment of injuries, the consequences of injuries and diseases of the upper limb is carried out at the modern level.

  Injuries:

  • Open and closed fractures of metacarpal bones and phalanges of fingers, wrist bones, radius
  • Damage to the nerves at the level of the fingers, hand, forearm.
  • Tendon injuries at all levels of the extensors, flexors.
  • Dislocations of open and closed phalanges of fingers, metacarpals, bones of the wrist, hand, head of the ulna.
  • Concurrent injuries, gunshot wounds, severe injuries.

  Injury consequences:

  • Fractures accreted with displacement, pseudoarthrosis.
  • Old dislocations.
  • Old injuries to the flexor tendons.
  • Old extensor tendon injuries.
  • Old nerve damage.
  • Post-traumatic contractures – tenogenic, neurogenic, arthrogenic, cicatricial, mixed genesis.
  • Amputation shortening of the phalanges of the fingers and metacarpals.

  Diseases:

  • Diseases of the synovial membranes (chronic tenosynovitis, synovial cyst, nodular tenosynovitis, stenosing ligamentitis, de Quervain’s disease)
  • Tumors and tumor-like diseases (lipoma, giantoma, glomus tumor, hemangioma, exostoses and osteophytes of bones, enchondroma, ecchondroma, osteoid osteoma, neurofibroma, oleoma, mucosal cyst, vascular aneurysm, epidermal cyst, bone cyst)
  • Degenerative-dystrophic diseases (Dupuytren’s contracture, Sudeck’s syndrome, tunnel syndromes, Olier’s disease, Kienbeck’s disease, deforming arthrosis of the wrist and finger joints).
  • Congenital hand diseases (clinodactyly, polydactyly, syndactyly).

  See a specialist hand surgeon if:

  • An accident has occurred and you have damaged your hand. Pay attention to things such as wounds, deformities, abnormal mobility, lack of normal mobility, decreased sensitivity, discoloration of the skin, or foreign bodies.
  • You have a long-standing injury, and you are worried about pain, limitation of movement, deformity, the presence of a scar, an unhealed wound, a foreign body.
  • You have found a tumor.
  • Reduced mobility, sensitivity and strength of the limb

  The most common hand diseases:

  • Subcutaneous rupture of the extensor tendon

  Most often, such injuries are the result of a sharp forcible bending of a tense finger. The tendon tissue at the level of the extreme joint cannot withstand. The phalanx “hangs”, stops unbending.Pain is usually minor.

  Treatment.

  The essence of the treatment is to fix the nail phalanx in the position of maximum extension. In this position, the ends of the injured tendon come together, and within the set 6 weeks they grow together with a strong scar. The easiest and safest way is external fixation using a special splint. She is given the necessary shape, she is put on the finger. The disadvantage of this method is the need to take care of the tire for one and a half months, make sure that the fixation continues to remain reliable, and the position is correct.If the patient’s labor is manual, and a month and a half of disability is an unaffordable luxury, or you don’t want to appear in public with a bandage, or you just need a reliable result, then surgical treatment is indicated. The phalanx is fixed with a knitting needle. The needle sinks under the skin and allows full use of the hand. At the consultation, the doctor will help you choose the method of treatment that is right for you.

  A somewhat different situation is a rupture of the long extensor tendon of the thumb.Most often this happens some time after the fracture of the radius. The tendon undergoes a dystrophic change and at one point it breaks down and breaks. The thumb does not extend. The peculiarity here is that it will not work to sew such a tendon end-to-end, as with a fresh injury with a sharp object. Transposition (grafting) of one of the extensor tendons of the index finger is applied to the position of the extensor of the thumb. After a short “retraining”, the patient begins to use the redirected muscle in accordance with its new role.

  Synovial cyst

  A synovial cyst (the old name is hygroma) is not a tumor in the strict sense of the word. It is a protrusion of the joint shell outside its capsule. It manifests itself in the form of a “bump” over the joint, its favorite localization is the wrist joint, others are also affected.

  It appears as a result of trauma, constant overload, due to inflammation. There may be no apparent reason, in these cases the constitution of the organism is “to blame” – the weakness of the connective tissue.The most common complaint is pain during exertion, but often the synovial cyst does not cause complaints, creating only aesthetic discomfort.

  Treatment

  In some cases, conservative treatment (immobilization, anti-inflammatory therapy, pressure bandages) leads to success, but not always. The decision on the need for surgical intervention is made taking into account the severity of the process, the nature of the complaints and subjective sensations. In any case, it is necessary to exclude the presence of diseases similar in external manifestations – tumors and tenosynovitis.

  Dupuytren’s Contract

  This is a cicatricial degeneration of the palmar aponeurosis, a dense “lining” of the palm, leading to a persistent limitation of the extension of the fingers. Progresses without treatment.

  Treatment

  Mostly surgical. Excision of the altered areas of the aponeurosis is performed, followed by the gradual removal of the fingers from the vicious position. To achieve the best results in the postoperative period, it is necessary to wear a special splint that prevents flexion of the fingers and the occurrence of relapse.

  Dislocations.

  For a completely unknown reason, many people have the conviction that dislocation is “okay, just dislocation.” In fact, unlike many other injuries, it is the dislocation that necessarily requires medical intervention. Precisely medical. Pulling like in a movie, or anointment with ointment, as in advertising, will not work. Dislocation – severe damage to the joint, accompanied by dissociation of the articular surfaces, in 100% of cases leading to persistent dysfunction of the joint.The simplest thing that may be required is elimination of dislocation, medical manipulation aimed at restoring the normal relationship of bones. We emphasize medical manipulation. The best thing to do on your own is to rest your limbs and seek help immediately. It is usually not difficult to recognize a dislocation – after an injury, an unnatural position of a limb or its segment, pain, severe swelling and an almost complete impossibility of movement are noted.

  Dislocation of a finger, phalanges of a finger

  Even with timely treatment, it is not always possible to eliminate the dislocation closed, without surgery.The situation becomes much more complicated if a week or more has passed since the moment of injury. Old (more than 3 weeks) dislocations are treated only surgically.

  Fracture-dislocation of the finger, phalanx of the finger, metacarpal bone

  This is such an injury in which a fracture of the articular end of the bone occurs, and part of it remains in place, held by the ligaments, and the entire bone leaves its place – dislocates. The main method of treatment is surgical.

  Dislocations of the wrist joint.

  There is a wide variety of wrist dislocations and fracture-dislocations. In all cases, this is a serious injury. Without treatment, loss of function, often neurological disorders. In some cases, treatment costs “little blood”, but only with timely treatment.