What are the symptoms of fungal nail infections? What causes them? How can they be prevented and treated? Get comprehensive answers to these questions and more.

Understanding Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections, also known as “onychomycosis,” are a common condition that can affect up to 14% of the general population. These infections are more prevalent in toenails compared to fingernails. Fungal nail infections are typically not serious, but they can cause cosmetic concerns and, in some cases, pain or discomfort.

Symptoms of Fungal Nail Infections

The most common symptoms of fungal nail infections include:

• Discoloration of the nail, which may appear yellow, brown, white, or black
• Thickening of the nail
• Brittleness or fragility of the nail
• Cracking or splitting of the nail
• Separation of the nail from the nail bed

People with fungal toenail infections often also have a fungal skin infection on the foot, especially between the toes, commonly known as athlete’s foot or tinea pedis.

Causes of Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections are caused by various types of fungi that live in the environment. These fungi can enter the nail through small cracks or breaks in the nail or surrounding skin. Some people may be more susceptible to fungal nail infections, including:

• Older adults
• Individuals with a history of nail injury or foot deformity
• People with diabetes
• Those with a weakened immune system, such as those with cancer
• Individuals with poor circulation in the legs (venous insufficiency) or peripheral arterial disease
• People with other fungal skin infections on the body

In some cases, a bacterial infection can develop on top of a fungal nail infection, particularly in individuals with diabetes or other conditions that weaken the body’s defenses against infection.

Preventing Fungal Nail Infections

To help prevent fungal nail infections, it’s important to:

• Keep your hands and feet clean and dry
• Trim your fingernails and toenails short and maintain good nail hygiene
• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas like locker rooms or showers
• Refrain from sharing nail clippers or other personal grooming items with others
• Choose a reputable and licensed nail salon that sterilizes its instruments after each use, or bring your own tools

Diagnosing Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections are not the only potential cause of nail problems, and other conditions can appear similar. To confirm a diagnosis, your healthcare provider will typically perform laboratory testing, such as collecting a nail clipping to examine under a microscope or send to a lab for analysis.

Treating Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections can be challenging to treat, and early intervention is crucial for the best outcomes. The most effective treatment is usually prescription antifungal medication taken orally. In severe cases, a healthcare professional may recommend completely removing the affected nail. It can take several months to a year for the infection to fully clear.

It’s important to note that fungal nail infections can be closely linked to fungal skin infections. If a fungal infection is not properly treated, it can spread from one area to another. Patients should discuss any skin concerns with their healthcare provider to ensure that all fungal infections are appropriately addressed.

Even after successful treatment, fungal nail infections can recur, especially in individuals with certain underlying conditions that make them more susceptible. If you suspect the infection has returned, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider promptly.

Paronychia: Infection Around the Nail

Paronychia is a skin infection that occurs around the nails, which can be caused by various organisms, including the yeast-like fungus Candida. Paronychia can lead to redness, swelling, and changes in the appearance of the nail itself.

Paronychia is often caused by injury or trauma to the area, such as biting or picking at the nails or surrounding skin. It can also develop as a result of a fungal or bacterial infection.

Fungal Nail Infections | Fungal Diseases

Fungal nail infections, also known as “onychomycosis,” are very common. They may affect up to 14% of the general population. Fungal toenail infections are more common than fungal fingernail infections.¹

Symptoms

Most fungal nail infections are not serious. However, some people may experience pain or be bothered by the appearance of their nails.

Fungal nail infections may cause nails to become discolored, thick, fragile, or cracked. The nail may also become separated from the nail bed.

People who have fungal toenail infections often have a fungal skin infection on the foot, especially between the toes (commonly called athlete’s foot, ringworm on the foot, or tinea pedis).

How does someone get a fungal nail infection?

Fungal nail infections are caused by many different types of fungi that live in the environment. Small cracks in your nail or the surrounding skin can allow these germs to enter your nail and cause an infection.

Who gets fungal nail infections?

Anyone can get a fungal nail infection. Some people may be more likely than others to get a fungal nail infection, including older adults and people who have the following conditions: ^2,3

• A nail injury or foot deformity
• Trauma
• Diabetes
• Weakened immune system (for example, because of cancer)
• Venous insufficiency (poor circulation in the legs) or peripheral arterial disease (narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the arms or legs)
• Fungal skin infections on other parts of the body

Occasionally, a bacterial infection can occur on top of a fungal nail infection and cause serious illness. This is more common in people with diabetes or other conditions that weaken the body’s defenses against infection.

Prevention

• Keep your hands and feet clean and dry.
• Keep fingernails and toenails short and clean.
• Don’t walk barefoot in areas like locker rooms or public showers.
• Don’t share nail clippers with other people.
• When visiting a nail salon, choose a salon that is clean and licensed by your state’s cosmetology board. Make sure the salon sterilizes its instruments (nail clippers, scissors, etc.) after each use, or bring your own.

Diagnosis

Fungal infections are not the only possible cause of nail problems. Other conditions can look similar to fungal nail infections.

Your healthcare provider should generally confirm your diagnosis using laboratory testing before prescribing antifungal treatment. To confirm the diagnosis, the healthcare provider might collect a nail clipping to look at under a microscope or to send to a laboratory for testing.

Treatment

Fungal nail infections can be difficult to cure, and treatment is most successful when started early. Fungal nail infections typically don’t go away on their own, and the best treatment is usually prescription antifungal pills taken by mouth. In severe cases, a healthcare professional might remove the nail completely. It can take several months to a year for the infection to go away.

Fungal nail infections can be closely associated with fungal skin infections. If a fungal infection is not treated, it can spread from one place to the other. Patients should discuss all skin concerns with their healthcare provider to ensure that all fungal infections are properly treated.

Even after treatment, fungal nail infections can come back. This is more common in people who have conditions like diabetes that make them more likely to get a fungal nail infection. If you suspect an infection has returned, contact your healthcare provider.

Information for healthcare professionals

Paronychia Information | Mount Sinai

Infection – skin around the nail

Paronychia is a skin infection that occurs around the nails.

Candida paronychia produced periungual erythema, edema and nail fold maceration.

A paronychia is an infection around the nail. Many organisms can cause a paronychia. This particular case is caused by the yeast-like organism Candida. Note the inflammation (red, swollen area) at the base of the nail and the changes that are apparent in the nail itself.

Causes

Paronychia is common. It is from injury to the area, such as biting off or picking a hangnail or from trimming or pushing back the cuticle.

The infection is caused by:

• Bacteria
• Candida, a type of yeast
• Other types of fungi

A bacterial and fungal infection can occur at the same time.

Fungal paronychia may occur in people who:

• Have a fungal nail infection
• Have diabetes
• Expose their hands to water a lot

Symptoms

Main symptom is a painful, red, swollen area around the nail, often at the cuticle or at the site of a hangnail or other injury. There may be pus-filled blisters, especially with a bacterial infection.

Bacteria cause the condition to come on suddenly. If all or part of the infection is due to a fungus, it tends to occur more slowly.

Nail changes may occur. For example, the nail may look detached, abnormally shaped, or have an unusual color.

If the infection spreads to the rest of the body, symptoms may include:

• Fever, chills
• Development of red streaks along the skin
• General ill feeling
• Joint pain
• Muscle pain

Exams and Tests

The health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by simply looking at the sore skin.

Pus or fluid may be drained and sent to a laboratory to determine what type of bacteria or fungus is causing the infection.

Treatment

If you have bacterial paronychia, soaking your nail in warm water 2 or 3 times a day helps reduce swelling and pain.

Your provider may prescribe oral antibiotics. In severe cases, your provider may cut and drain the sore with a sharp instrument. Part of the nail may need to be removed.

If you have chronic fungal paronychia, your provider may prescribe antifungal medicine.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Paronychia often responds well to treatment. But, fungal infections may last for several months.

Possible Complications

Complications are rare, but may include:

• Abscess
• Permanent changes in the shape of the nail
• Spread of infection to tendons, bones, or bloodstream

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your provider if:

• Paronychia symptoms continue despite treatment
• Symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop

Prevention

To prevent paronychia:

• Care for the nails and the skin around the nails properly.
• Avoid damaging the nails or fingertips. Because the nails grow slowly, an injury can last for months.
• Do not bite or pick the nails.
• Protect the nails from exposure to detergents and chemicals by using rubber or plastic gloves. Gloves with cotton liners are best.
• Bring your own manicure tools to nail salons. Do not allow the manicurist to work on your cuticles.

To minimize the risk for damage to the nails:

• Keep fingernails smooth and trim them weekly.
• Trim toenails about once a month.
• Use sharp manicure scissors or clippers for trimming fingernails and toenails, and an emery board for smoothing the edges.
• Trim nails after bathing, when they are softer.
• Trim fingernails with a slightly rounded edge. Trim toenails straight across and do not cut them too short.
• Do not trim cuticles or use cuticle removers. Cuticle removers can damage the skin around the nail. The cuticle is needed to seal the space between the nail and skin. Trimming the cuticle weakens this seal, which can allow germs to enter the skin and lead to infection.

Andre J, Sass U, Theunis A. Diseases of the nails. In: Calonje E, Brenn T, Lazar AJ, Billings SD, eds. McKee’s Pathology of the Skin. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 23.

Dinulos JGH. Nail diseases. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif’s Clinical Dermatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 25.

Leggit JC. Acute and chronic paronychia. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(1):44-51. PMID: 28671378 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28671378/.

Mallett RB, Banfield CC. Paronychia. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 182.

Last reviewed on: 4/14/2021

Reviewed by: Elika Hoss, MD, Senior Associate Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Nail fungus – causes, symptoms and treatment

Dermatovenereologist (cosmetologist)

Baichorova

Marua Azretovna

Experience 22 years

Dermatologist (cosmetologist)

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In medicine, nail fungus is officially called onychomycosis. This is a fungal disease that affects the nail plates on the fingers or toes. According to WHO, this is a fairly common disease. It occurs in about 27% of people, and pathology is diagnosed on the legs 2 times more often than on the hands. The problem of nail fungus is very delicate, because the unpleasant appearance of the affected plates makes the patient feel uncomfortable and hide them from others.

Symptoms and signs of nail fungus

Onychomycosis is very easy to recognize because its signs on the nails cannot be overlooked. First, the nail plates become dull and rough, lose their glossy sheen. Then the nail becomes dirty yellow, whitish or gray instead of pink. Further, other characteristic symptoms of the fungus appear:

• an increase in the thickness of the plate;
• defects in the form of stripes, bends, irregularities and waves;
• delamination and crumbling of the plate;
• Bad smell from nails.

As a result, the nail is completely destroyed and even exfoliates, exposing the nail bed. The skin next to the plates turns red and causes severe itching.

Causes of occurrence

The main reason for the development of fungal infections is the pathogen entering the body or inside the human body. As a rule, these are microsporums, trichophytons and epidermophytons. Here are some fungi that cause onychomycosis especially often.

When ingested, such fungi are localized on keratinized skin derivatives, i.e. nails and hair. This is due to the feeding of parasites, for which they use the fibrillar protein keratin, which is present in the nails and hair.

Ways of infection

The risk of contracting the fungus is especially high in public places with high humidity. These are saunas, swimming pools, gyms, public baths, etc. The most common ways of infection are:

• direct contact with an infected person. Here the fungus gets from its habitat to healthy areas, thereby causing an infection;
• household way. In this case, infection occurs when using the patient’s personal belongings: shoes, personal hygiene items, etc.

Risk factors

The incidence of onychomycosis increases by the age of 60. At this time, the likelihood of developing such an infection is 60%, which is explained by a slowdown in metabolism, especially in the distal (remote) parts of the body, which are precisely the fingers and toes.

Other risk factors for developing nail fungus include:

• diabetes mellitus;
• varicose disease;
• injuries of nails and adjacent tissues;
• HIV and other immunodeficiency conditions;
• long-term use of antibiotics;
• immunocompromised;
• vascular and skin diseases, dermatitis, diaper rash;
• circulatory disorders of the extremities;
• insufficient hygiene.

Complications

In an uncomplicated course, the disease causes symptoms traditional for the fungus, causing only severe discomfort in a person. But without treatment, onychomycosis can cause complications. Most often they are manifested in the addition of a bacterial infection.

Sometimes onychomycosis is very acute with the appearance of blisters, ulcers and weeping areas on the skin near the nail. In severe cases, the disease becomes generalized. This means that the nail fungus spreads to the internal organs and systems, and then the patient will need emergency hospitalization.

When to see a doctor

Many who have experienced onychomycosis know that the disease develops slowly and is treated with incredible difficulty. That is why it is very important to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. Onychomycosis of the nails is treated in our clinic in the center of Moscow by a dermatologist. The specialist will provide competent assistance and will guide you until complete recovery.

Preparing for a visit to the doctor

Before seeing a dermatologist, it is important not to treat the affected areas of the nails, i.e. do not use drugs, including iodine and brilliant green. It is also necessary to exclude the use of creams and ointments from the fungus. At the reception, it is worth taking all previously passed tests, including for other diseases. Affected nails should not be clipped for 3-4 days prior to the consultation.

Diagnosis of nail fungus

First of all, the patient is referred for microscopy, which reveals the presence of the pathogen. In the future, it is necessary to determine its variety in order to choose the right treatment for toenail fungus. JSC “Medicina” (clinic of Academician Roitberg) in the center of Moscow practices the most modern and common methods for diagnosing onychomycosis:

• cultural study of a biological sample of affected tissues. To do this, it is placed in an artificial nutrient medium, where the pathogen is grown in order to determine its type;
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of pathogen DNA in a taken sample of affected tissues.

Treatment

At an early stage of the disease, local therapy is usually prescribed, which consists in the use of creams and ointments with antifungal effects.

Antiseptic solutions are also used as topical treatments for nail fungus. In addition to effective remedies for onychomycosis of the nails, antihistamines and desensitizing drugs are prescribed that relieve swelling, inflammation and sensitivity.

If the nail is completely affected by the fungus and drug treatment does not give positive results, then the plate is subjected to surgical removal. Also, with a total form of onychomycosis, antimycotic drugs are prescribed orally in the form of tablets that have a systemic effect on the body.

Home remedies

Consult your physician before using home remedies. With his permission, you can use the following recipes:

• iodine. Before use, the legs must be steamed, washed with laundry soap, and then the affected areas of the nail plates should be removed. Next, treat the nails and skin between the fingers with iodine, soak them in a bath with a soda solution for 20-30 minutes and dry thoroughly;
• vinegar. For 3 liters of water, take 1 tbsp. apple cider vinegar and add a little potassium permanganate. Soak in the foot bath for 20-30 minutes, then dry thoroughly;
• hydrogen peroxide. After carefully steaming the legs, remove the affected areas of the nail plates. Put cotton pads moistened with hydrogen peroxide on them, wrap them with a bandage and leave for half an hour.

Myths and dangerous misconceptions in the treatment of nail fungus

One of the most important and dangerous myths is that nail fungus is not considered a serious disease. In fact, onychomycosis, progressing, can lead to serious consequences up to deformation and complete rejection of the nails from the nail bed.

In addition, an infected person poses a daily danger to loved ones, because, being close to him, they also risk getting sick. That is why it is important to know how to cure nail fungus in time.

Prevention

To prevent the development of onychomycosis, it is necessary to exclude the negative impact of risk factors on the body:

• treat systemic diseases in time;
• do not wear other people’s shoes;
• in the pool and sauna walk in slates;
• change socks daily and observe personal hygiene;
• do not wear wet shoes – dry thoroughly;
• avoid direct contact with potential carriers of the fungus.

How to make an appointment with a dermatologist

To make an appointment with a dermatologist, use the online form on the website or contact us at +7 (495) 775-73-60. JSC “Medicina” (clinic of Academician Roitberg) is located in the center of Moscow, not far from the metro stations Tverskaya, Belorusskaya, Chekhovskaya, Mayakovskaya and Novoslobodskaya. Specialists work every day, so you can sign up for a consultation even on weekends or holidays.

signs, types, causes, prevention, diagnosis, complications and methods of treatment in “SM-Clinic”

This disease is treated by a Dermatologist
, Mycologist

• About disease
• Types of nail fungus
• Symptoms of nail fungus
• Causes of nail fungus
• Diagnosis of onychomycosis
• Expert opinion
• Treatment of nail fungus
• Prevention of nail fungus
• Rehabilitation
• Questions and answers

About the disease

Onychomycosis is characterized by the involvement in the pathological process of one or more nails separately on the hands and feet, or mixed variants. The pathological process can manifest at any time of the year, however, climatic conditions impose a certain imprint on the prevalence of onychomycosis of the toenails. In northern countries, it occurs more often due to the need to wear closed and tight warm shoes for a long time.

In Russia, men are at risk for developing fungal infections of the legs, although they are 1.5 times less likely than women to go to the doctor. In women, onychomycosis appears more often among those who wear pointed-toe high-heeled shoes. This is due to the constant flattening and friction of the fingers, which leads to the appearance of microcracks on them, through which microbes actively penetrate.

Types of nail fungus

In modern dermatology, two working classifications of onychomycosis are used:

• depending on the location of the pathological process;
• by the presence of morphological changes in the nail plate.

Depending on the location of the lesion, several forms of pathology are distinguished.

• Surface. The horn plate is practically not changed. Small inclusions appear on its surface, visually resembling scattered powder.
• Lateral. The pathological process develops from one or both sides of the nail plate.
• Proximal. The lesion affects the part of the nail located at the base of the hole.
• Distal. Damage to the nail plate begins with its free edge.
• Disto-lateral. Simultaneous damage to the nail, periungual space and subungual space.
• Total. The pathological process affects the entire surface of the horny plate.

In the classification of nail fungus according to morphological changes in the nail plate, there are three varieties.

• Normotrophic. The natural thickness and shape of the nail is preserved. Small pathological changes concern only the color of the nail plate. In its lateral sections, instead of a uniform skin tone, whitish lines and blotches are clearly visible.
• Hyperkeratotic. The nail plate thickens, becomes brittle and dull. Deep furrows appear on its surface, the edges are dotted with notches, and pain occurs when walking.
• Atrophic. Signs of dystrophy appear on the nail, the horny plate becomes brown in color and exfoliates from the bed.

Symptoms of nail fungus

From the moment of infection with nail fungus to the first signs of the disease, it can take from two to three weeks to several months. The first symptoms of onychomycosis are the loss of a glossy shine on the nail plate. It becomes rough and dull. After a while, the color of the nail becomes gray, whitish or dirty yellow instead of pink, and then other signs characteristic of nail fungus appear:

• increases the thickness of the stratum corneum;
• peeling and crumbling of the plate begins;
• an unpleasant odor appears;
• nail defects are formed in the form of waves, irregularities, bends, stripes.

The result of the pathological process is the complete destruction and exfoliation of the nail. The nail bed is exposed, and the nearby skin becomes red and itchy.

Causes of nail fungus

The main cause of nail mycosis is infection with pathogenic fungi. They multiply on the nail plates, which they use for their nutrition. The greatest risk of infection is in people who do not follow the rules of personal hygiene when visiting public places with high humidity: baths, pools, saunas, etc. There are several ways of transmitting a fungal infection.

• Direct contact. The fungus gets from the nail plates of an infected person to the skin of a healthy person during a handshake.
• Household way. Infection occurs when using the personal belongings of an infected person, such as shoes or a towel.

The fungus can also be transmitted by:

• touching contaminated surfaces: shelves in a sauna or bath, bath mats;
• walking barefoot in nature;
• during the pedicure procedure if the master used a poorly disinfected tool, etc.

Among the common causes that increase the risk of developing onychomycosis, podologists distinguish:

• uncontrolled intake of antidepressants, corticosteroid hormones, antibiotics;
• allergic skin lesions (weeping, inflammation, itching).

Risk factors include:

• psoriasis;
• obesity;
• flat feet;
• diabetes mellitus;
• immunodeficiencies;
• wearing tight shoes;
• excessive sweating.

Get advice

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

You can find out more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist by phone:

+7 (495) 292-39-72

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Why SM-Clinic?

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Treatment is carried out in accordance with clinical recommendations

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Comprehensive assessment of the nature of the disease and treatment prognosis

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Modern diagnostic equipment and own laboratory

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High level of service and balanced pricing policy

Diagnosis of onychomycosis

Preliminary diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations and anamnesis. An experienced podologist immediately sees the lesions of the nail plate characteristic of the fungus. To confirm and clarify the diagnosis, a number of specific tests are used.

• Luminescent diagnostics: examination of the affected area under the rays of a Wood’s lamp.
• The study of scrapings from the focus of fungal lesions under a high-precision microscope, which allows for the study of tissues at the cellular level.

Differential diagnosis of nail fungus requires distinguishing onychomycosis from eczema, psoriasis, cancer and other pathologies with similar symptoms. If necessary, specialists of another profile are involved in the examination.

Expert opinion

Onychomycosis is a very delicate problem. Many people are embarrassed to seek help, they experience severe psychological discomfort and try to hide the affected nails from others. The dangerous consequences of onychomycosis include:

• immunosuppression;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases present in the body;
• spread of infection to neighboring nails and adjacent skin.

Another serious complication of untreated nail fungus is its transition to a chronic form. In this case, it will take a lot of time and effort to get rid of the pathology. In order to eliminate the problem as soon as possible, you need to contact a specialist at the first signs of pathology. Only an experienced doctor will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe a full-fledged treatment that will lead to a full recovery.

Shchepleva Natalya Petrovna

Dermatologist, venereologist, mycologist, cosmetologist, trichologist, podologist

Treatment of nail fungus

Onychomycosis is difficult to treat due to the ability of the fungus to penetrate deep into the nail plate. The treatment course takes a lot of time, especially if the patient does not follow the recommendations clearly enough. The main treatment options for onychomycosis, allowing to achieve a stable remission or complete recovery, are:

• conservative therapy;
• nail removal surgery.

Conservative treatment

The gold standard for treating onychomycosis is to take topical antifungals prescribed by your doctor. It can be ointments, varnishes, special gels. With extensive damage, systemic drugs may be required. In the absence of the effect of such therapy or the advanced stage of nail fungus, surgery is required.

Surgical treatment of nail fungus

Surgery involves the removal of a nail affected by a fungus. The operation includes 2 consecutive stages.

1. Removal of the nail plate under local anesthesia.
2. Cleansing of the nail bed and growth zone from the fungus.

The operation can be performed in several ways.

• Mechanical. A nail with a fungus is partially or completely excised with surgical instruments.
• Physical. For layer-by-layer or complete removal of the affected areas of the nail plate, a laser, photodynamic therapy, electric knife, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. are used.
• Hardware. The nail bed is treated with rotating files, the abrasive elements of which gently, without pain, clean off the infected fragments of the stratum corneum.

Prevention of nail fungus

Since onychomycosis thrives best in a warm and humid environment, to prevent nail fungus and its consequences, you should:

• give up tight shoes;
• do not wear other people’s slippers and slates;
• give preference to highly absorbent socks;
• do not walk barefoot in public places with high humidity;
• carry out regular cleaning of the inner surfaces of shoes with disinfectants.

Secondary prevention of mycosis of the nails is aimed at preventing the recurrence of the disease. It is carried out using drugs prescribed by the attending physician. They must be taken in strict accordance with the recommended dosage.

Rehabilitation

Regardless of the method of removing the nail plate, to prevent the recurrence of the disease, the remaining wound must be properly cared for:

• do daily dressings;
• prevent the dressing from getting wet and dirty.

If the removal of the nail plate is carried out on the leg, strict bed rest must be observed in the first days. In the next 2-3 weeks, until the wound is completely healed, it is recommended not to wear shoes. Walking should be in clean socks made of natural, well-ventilated fabric, trying not to burden the leg.

Questions and answers

This term refers to a dermatological disease caused by pathogenic fungi that affects the nail and the skin around it.

Yes. This method of treatment is used very often, because people do not rush to the doctor at the first sign of pathology, when it lends itself well to conservative therapy.

Tsykin A. A., Ivanov O. L., Lomonosov K. M. On the treatment of onychomycosis // Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2007. No. 15.

Tsykin A. A., Ivanov O. L., Lomonosov K. M. On the diagnosis of onychomycosis // Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2007. No. 15.

Kornisheva Vera Gavrilovna, Shepilo S. A. Laser therapy of onychomycosis (review) // Problems of medical mycology. 2017. №3.

Lykova S., Nemchaninova O., Spitsyna A. ONYCHOMYCOSIS: TREATMENT AND PREVENTION // Vrach. 2016. №3.

Burova S.A., Privolnev V.V. Onychomycosis: the view of a dermatologist and surgeon // Wounds and wound infections. Journal named after Professor B. M. Kostyuchenko. 2015. №2.

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Diseases referred to Dermatologist

Acne (pimples)
Allergic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis
Warts
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis)
Herpes (herpes virus 1, 2 types)
Hyperhidrosis (sweating)
Foot hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis of the nails
foot fungus
demodicosis
Dermatitis
Nail deformation
diabetic foot
Ichthyosis
Keratoma
warts
molluscum contagiosum
contact dermatitis
Hives
Couperose
Lichen
calluses
corns
Nevuses (moles)
Neurodermatitis
Onychodystrophy
Onycholysis
Rash under the breast
Pityriasis versicolor
Papillomas
Inguinal epidermophytosis
Pediculosis
Skin pigmentation
plantar warts
Loss of skin tone and elasticity
Prickly heat
Psoriasis
Pemphigus
Rosacea
Seborrheic dermatitis
seborrhea
Cracked feet
Acne
Folliculitis
Furuncle (boil)
Furunculosis
Scabies
Eczema

Diseases referred to Mycologist

Ingrown nail (onychocryptosis)
Foot hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
Hyperkeratosis of the nails
foot fungus
Nail deformation
Onychodystrophy
Inguinal epidermophytosis
Cracked feet

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