What Should I Do If I Think I Broke My Finger? 

Did you know you have 14 finger bones in each hand? It takes that many bones to do the fantastic things our fingers do for us every day. Our fingers are also especially susceptible to injuries. Our hands are often our first line of defense, whether we’re catching something or trying to break a fall. But we tend to adopt a more laid-back approach to finger injuries than to other bone breaks. Sometimes patients think there’s not much their doctor can do. But if you have a broken finger and you don’t get treatment, it can cause problems down the road.

What Causes Finger Fractures?

Our hands and fingers are always front and center. We use them when we’re exercising, participating in our favorite sports, or just completing day-to-day activities. We use our fingers when we’re working with tools or catching a ball. Some common causes of finger fractures are sports injuries, workplace injuries, slamming our hands in a home or car door, or catching ourselves when we fall. Finger fractures are common in children and young people since they’re especially active in sports and physical play.

What Are the Signs of a Broken Finger?

Not being able to move your finger is one of the most important warning signs of a potential break. Here are some other common symptoms of a finger fracture:

• Pain
• Swelling
• Shortening or deformity of the finger
• Depressed knuckle

How Severe Is My Finger Fracture?

If you break a finger, there are different levels of severity that will determine what approach your doctor decides to take. If you have a stable, non-displaced fracture, this means you have a crack in the bone, but the bones are still in the right place. A stable fracture is the simplest type of fracture to fix and usually requires stabilization and immobilization.

A spiral fracture or shatter can be much more complicated and problematic. A spiral fracture happens when the bone breaks with a twisting motion. It often separates into two parts, with the edges no longer aligned. Other more complicated breaks include a break at the knuckle and damage to ligament around the bone. Any of these more complex breaks may require surgery.

Another frequent finger injury is the pinkie finger break, sometimes called a boxer’s fracture. The boxer’s fracture is actually an injury to the metacarpal bone of the hand, just below the bottom joint of the pinkie finger. It accounts for around 10 percent of hand injuries and is especially common in boys and young men ages 10 to 29, according to a 2019 article in the medical publication StatPearls.

Should I See My Doctor If I Think My Finger Is Broken?

Some of us may remember the old tape and popsicle stick splints from our childhoods. Yes, some finger fractures don’t need more than a basic splint. But if you think you have a broken finger, it’s worthwhile to have a doctor check it out. Getting an accurate diagnosis as early as possible is essential for proper healing. You also want your doctor to check on the healing process moving forward to make sure things are going as planned. If you have a bad break and don’t get treatment, it can affect your grip and movement for life. To best address a finger break, your doctor needs to look at which bone you broke and how it’s broken. The best way to get an accurate picture is with an X-ray. If you see your primary care physician and have a more complicated break, ask for a referral to an orthopaedist. In the case of a complex fracture, a specialist is the best person to provide a diagnosis and move forward with a treatment plan.

Can I Wait to Get Treatment If I Think My Finger Is Broken?

In many cases, when there’s a finger injury, families opt to wait a day or two to see if symptoms go away. According to the Mayo Clinic, a few days usually won’t make a big difference with a broken finger. But if you wait too long, it can impact healing and possibly lead to decreased range of motion or reduced grip strength. If you have any of the warning signs, it makes sense to see a doctor as soon as possible.

What Is the Treatment for a Broken Finger?

The first critical step for any finger injury is immobilization. We need to keep the finger in place to allow it to heal. Your doctor may recommend a cast or splint depending on where and how severe the fracture is. For a stable fracture, a simple splint may do the trick. There are also specialized splints available for fingertip and thumb injuries. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a cast up to the elbow to protect the finger and let it heal, even for stable breaks.

You may need surgery for more complex fractures, and this may mean pins, screws, or wires to help with healing, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Whatever treatment approach you need, careful follow-up is essential, including follow-up X-rays to monitor healing.

Do I Need Rehab for a Broken Finger?

A finger injury can be frustrating and can create a surprising number of limitations. When we think about how we use our fingers in everyday activities, from writing to cooking to dressing, we realize how vital full use of our fingers is. After immobilization, it’s essential to get your fingers moving again to regain strength and movement. In some cases, there are simple exercises you can do at home. In others, your doctor may recommend hand therapy to help rebuild strength more quickly and reduce ongoing pain.

Choosing an Orthopaedics Practice for a Broken Finger

Your primary care provider can help with a broken finger in the most straightforward cases. However, a referral to an orthopaedics practice usually makes the most sense. Your orthopaedist takes a sophisticated approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care and can offer in-house hand therapy if needed. At Countryside Orthopaedics, we take finger injuries very seriously because we know what benign neglect can mean: a potential loss of function and mobility. Our practice includes a hand specialist surgeon, top-notch physician assistants, and trained hand therapists. We’ll accurately diagnose and treat your finger injury the first time around and get you working and playing again.

BROKEN-FINGERS Stock Photos and Images

Professional royalty-free BROKEN-FINGERS stock photos and editorial news pictures from Shutterstock

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Grey plastic two-sided Finger Splint with two convenient hook-and-loop straps on an broken index finger, holding a finger straight with orthopedic device Royalty-Free Stock Photo

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Fingers Splint, girl’s fingers were struck with iron, White background, Finger treatment Royalty-Free Stock Photo

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Brittle toenail causing nail surface layers or lamella to peel away with some parts splitting or broken off. Grooves and ridges on cracked nail plate due to onychorrhexis or brittle nail syndrome. Royalty-Free Stock Photo

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Fracture shaft of proximal phalange of ring finger ( film x-ray both hand AP ) Royalty-Free Stock Photo

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plastered arm, a broken arm at the teenager. on a white background Royalty-Free Stock Photo

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Broken Finger (phalanx fracture) — Bone Talks

In some cases, the finger is bent back way too far, and the first bone not only breaks but the second bone dislocates (meaning the knuckle joint separates).

 This injury is called a Fracture-Dislocation.  It occurs because the break enters the knuckle joint and causes instability.  The first goal is to put the finger back in place, and the next goal is to position the finger so that it stays in place while it heals.  If the fragment of bone is less than 40% of the joint surface, it will probably heal with the finger splinted in a bent position (using an extension-block splint).  If the bone fragment involves more than 40% of the joint, it will probably require surgery to restore stability to the knuckle.

Overall, the goal of treatment is to get the broken finger in good alignment so that it functions well.  The broken bone must be stable to heal, so it can be treated with a splint or buddy tape if the break isnt so bad, or it can be treated with surgery if its really smashed and needs pins or screws to give extra stability.        

What is the long term outcome?  

Finger stiffness is a major concern after a broken finger.

A crack that goes into a knuckle joint definitely puts people at increased risk for stiffness.  But other breaks that require your finger to be immobilized for a few weeks also dramatically increase the risk for stiffness.  Buddy tape is a great treatment because people can start moving their fingers immediately,  But in cases that need a more rigid splint (or pins for surgery), its critical to start moving the finger within 4 weeks or else the risk of permanent stiffness approaches 40%.  

This is why its so important to talk with your doctors about the pros-and-cons of treatment options so that you can figure out the best thing for you.

References

1. Henry MH. Fractures of the proximal phanalx and metacarpals in the hand: preferred methods of stabilization. JAA)S 2008; 16: 586-95. see article. review.

2. Kozin SH et al. Operative Treatment of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Shaft Fractures. JAAOS 2000; 8: 111-121. full article. review

3. Ebinger T, Erhard N, Kinzl L, Mentzel M: Dynamic treatment of displaced proximal phalangeal fractures.  J Hand Surg 1999; 24:1254-1262. see article. 48 displaced prox phalanx fx, all healed with nonop rx. remove hard splint/cast by 3 wks, buddy tape.  

3. Dabezies EJ, Schutte JP: Fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures with miniature plates and screws. J Hand Surg 1986;11:283–288. see article. 90% normal ROM in 25 MC and 27 phalanx fx after ORIF.  good outcome data.

4. Page SM, Stern PJ. Complications and range of motion following plate fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. J Hand Surg 1998;23: 827–832.  see article. 100 MC, 100 phalanx fx after ORIF, only 50% got >200 deg motion.  mixed outcome data.

5. Diwaker HN, Stothard J. The role of internal fixation in closed fractures of the proximal phalanges and metacarpals in adults. J Hand Surg Br 1986; 11:103–108. see article. compared 50 k-wire and orif vs 50 nonop rx. orif best motion (80% got 200 deg motion) vs only 50% in k-wire, nonop.  

6.  Green DP, Anderson JR: Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation of fractured phalanges. JBJS 1973;55:1651–1654. see article. perc pinning technique.

Broken bones | BabyCenter

How can I tell if my baby has broken a bone?

Making this determination on your own can be difficult, but chances are the bone’s not broken, just sprained. Babies’ bones are so pliable they rarely break. If your baby’s injury only swells a little bit and he doesn’t seem to be in much pain, it’s all right to treat the injury with ice (see below) and wait a day or two before calling the doctor. If the swelling goes down and things seem to be on the mend, it was probably a sprain. But if the injury doesn’t improve or gets worse, it’s time to take your baby to the doctor for an exam. Of course, if you’re really worried, or you don’t know the extent of the injury, you should err on the side of caution and see the doctor.

Here are some other warning signs of a broken bone:

• A snapping sound
• Bruising
• Tenderness to touch
• Severe pain, especially in one spot
• Increased pain with any movement (don’t assume that if your baby can move his limb or digit it’s not broken – that’s an old wives’ tale)
• Stiffness
• Limping or the inability to stand or walk (for a child who can walk)
• Refusing to stand or walk
• A limb that seems bent or out of position

What if I can see a bone protruding from my baby’s skin?

If your baby is in an accident that causes bone to pierce through his skin, call 911 (if you also suspect a neck, back, or skull injury) or get him to an ER right away. This type of break is called an open fracture; because of bleeding and the risk of infection, it is the most dangerous type of break. Don’t touch it for any reason, even to wash it. To lower the risk of infection, drape the open wound with a clean cloth diaper or sterile gauze and either call 911 or proceed to the nearest emergency room immediately.

What should I do if I think my baby has broken a bone?

The best thing you can do is protect and immobilize the injured area, making sure your baby doesn’t worsen the damage, comfort your baby, and get medical attention right away. If you suspect a skull, neck, back, or pelvic fracture, don’t move your baby. Call 911 immediately. In other cases, call your healthcare provider. If your baby has a non-life-threatening fracture, your doctor will likely tell you to bring him to the office or to the emergency room for an exam (and possibly X-rays) and give advice on how to move him safely. Don’t give your baby anything to eat or drink, as it may cause a delay in medical treatment – if the bone needs to be reset or your baby requires surgery, doctors will have to wait to give him anesthesia until his stomach is empty. And never attempt to straighten or change the position of a dislocated joint or broken bone. You could make the injury worse.

You’ll also have to be on the lookout for symptoms of shock or internal bleeding. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if your baby has visible head, chest, or abdominal wounds or if he has any of these symptoms:

• A weak, rapid, or irregular pulse
• Clammy or bluish skin
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Confusion or loss of consciousness
• Coughing up or vomiting blood

How do I know if it’s safe to move my baby?

Unless you suspect a serious injury to the head, neck, or spine, it should be fine to move him. But if your child has a bad break, it’s important to immobilize the injured bone or joint first. This will minimize any further injury and will make moving your baby easier. The method you use for protecting the injured area depends on where the injury is (see below).

What should I do if I can’t get medical help right away?

Over-the-counter children’s pain remedies such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can help ease the pain. Other than that, follow the ICES approach: Ice, Compression, Elevation, Support. Here’s how:

• Ice decreases pain and swelling. If you don’t have an ice pack, wrap some ice cubes in a dish towel or plastic bag and crush them with a hammer or by banging them on the kitchen counter. Or simply grab a bag of frozen veggies from the freezer and wrap it in a towel. Hold the ice pack against the injured area for at least 20 minutes, four times a day.
• Compression decreases swelling. After you’ve iced the injury, wrap an elastic or fabric bandage around the hurt limb. It should be snug but not tight; you should be able to stick one finger between the bandage and the skin. Check the tightness frequently — if the limb continues to swell, the bandage could become painful.
• Elevation decreases pain and swelling. If you can get your baby to lie still, place a pillow under the affected limb so that it’s elevated approximately 6 inches above his heart.
• Support helps immobilize the limb and reduces pain. Put a splint on the affected limb. If you suspect a broken arm, rib, or collarbone, use a cloth or diaper sling to hold the arm in a bent position next to your baby’s body.

How do I immobilize a suspected broken bone if I can’t get medical help right away?

If your baby has a bad break, your best bet is to call 911 – the paramedics will know the safest and most effective way to immobilize your baby’s injury and move him to the hospital. But if 911 isn’t an option (you’re camping, for example), use whatever is on hand to create a simple splint. For example, you can use a ruler, paper towel roll, small firm pillow, rolled-up coloring book, or any other straight, firm object. Make sure the splint is slightly longer than the bone and joint you’re supporting. Wrap the supporting item with a diaper or soft cloth to protect the skin, then use handkerchiefs, belts, strips of cloth, shoelaces, bandanas, or ties to tie it in place – without moving the injured limb – at the joints above and below it. If your baby’s lower leg is broken, for example, you’d tie the splint at his knee and ankle. For a fractured collarbone, place the arm on the injured side in a sling, and tie the sling around the shoulder on the opposite side.

If you can move your baby without putting him in much pain, skip the splinting stage and just bring him in to the emergency room or doctor’s office. Immobilization is most important for severe injuries and when a trip to the ER could take hours.

What specific advice can you give for a broken arm, wrist, or hand?

Start with the ICES approach outlined above. Then, if the hand or upper arm is injured, make a sling to support the arm. Fold a large piece of cloth into the shape of a triangle. Gently slide the wide part of the triangle under the injured arm. Tie the two long loose ends around the neck. Make sure the sling is tied tight enough to hold the arm snugly.

If a bone in the forearm or wrist is fractured, use a folded newspaper or magazine padded with a towel or small pillow to create a splint that immobilizes and protects the broken bone. Place the lower arm into the splint, supporting the injured area. Tie the splint around the arm using cloth strips on either side of the break. After securing the splint, make a sling to support the arm (see above).

What specific advice can you give for a broken finger?

Raise the finger above the level of your baby’s heart to help minimize swelling. Apply a cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes. Then splint the broken finger by placing a piece of cloth or cotton between the injured finger and an uninjured one and taping the two fingers together.

What specific advice can you give for a broken leg?

Follow the ICES approach described above, then, if the injury is below the knee, make a splint. Boards or sticks work best. If they aren’t available, you can use a blanket. Place one board on the outside of the leg, extending from hip to heel. Place the other on the inside, extending from groin to heel. Pad the boards with blankets or pillows to protect the leg. Then tie the boards in place at the groin, thigh, knee, and ankle using cloth strips. For a blanket splint, roll up the blanket and place it between your baby’s legs. Then tie the legs together at the groin, thigh, knee, and ankle.

If the injury is to the upper leg or hip, don’t move your child unless absolutely necessary. Call 911 for help. If you must move your baby, make a splint with boards. One board should extend from your child’s armpit to his heel. The other should reach from groin to heel. Pad the insides of the boards with towels or pillows, and tie them in place with cloth strips at your child’s chest, waist, groin, thigh, knee, and ankle.

Non-operative treatment of common finger injuries

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Jun; 1(2): 97–102.

and

Matthew E. Oetgen

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071 USA

Seth D. Dodds

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071 USA

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071 USA

Corresponding author. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract

Finger fractures are common injuries with a wide spectrum of presentation. Although a vast majority of these injuries may be treated non-operatively with gentle reduction, appropriate splinting, and careful follow-up, health care providers must recognize injury patterns that require more specialized care. Injuries involving unstable fracture patterns, intra-articular extension, or tendon function tend to have suboptimal outcomes with non-operative treatment. Other injuries including terminal extensor tendon injuries (mallet finger), stable non-articular fractures, and distal phalanx tuft fractures are readily treated by conservative means, and in general do quite well. Appropriate understanding of finger fracture patterns, treatment modalities, and injuries requiring referral is critical for optimal patient outcomes.

Keywords: Finger fracture, Non-operative treatment, Mallet finger, Tuft fracture, Boxer’s fracture

Introduction

Bone and joint injuries of the hand are common. While often viewed as trivial injuries, a poorly treated finger fracture can have significant functional consequences. These injuries may result in chronic pain, stiffness, and deformity; preventing patients from participating in activities of daily living. It is not uncommon for stable fractures to be over treated and unstable fractures to be neglected, both potentially resulting in permanent disability. Accurate diagnosis and timely management of these injuries continues to be the cornerstone of optimal hand care.

General principles of treatment

The goal of treatment for any finger injury is to restore the normal function of the finger. Restoration of bony anatomy is the basis for returning normal function; however, an anatomic reduction is not always necessary to achieve this goal, especially if it comes at the cost of soft tissue scarring and loss of motion. To initiate early hand motion, fracture stability must be present either through the inherent stability of the fracture, splinting, or internal fixation. Early motion prevents adhesions of the gliding soft tissues of the extensor and flexor tendon systems and prevents contracture of the joint capsules. Immobilization of fingers much beyond 4 weeks will lead to long-term stiffness due to extensor tendon and joint capsular scarring. For example, non-articular phalangeal fractures treated with closed reduction and splinting are mobilized after 3–4 weeks, once the fractured phalanx is less tender. Even if splinting of one joint is needed, splints should be made small enough to allow early motion of uninjured joints.

Closed non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures with acceptable alignment that are the result of a low-energy trauma usually have sufficient supporting tissues remaining intact making them stable and amenable to treatment by protected mobilization, either with local splinting of the fracture or buddy taping to adjacent fingers. Fractures with rotational or angular malaligment may be amenable to closed reduction and splinting, but these fractures are at risk for incomplete reduction and recurrent deformity. These more unstable fractures require careful and frequent clinical and radiographic follow-up. Surgical treatment is indicated for any fractures of the articular surface, open fractures, fractures with significant shortening or malrotation, and fractures which fail closed reduction. Delayed treatment of these surgically indicated fractures is always more difficult, with worse functional outcomes due to stiffness, incomplete deformity correction, and post-traumatic arthritis.

Diagnosis

The signs of injury are usually obvious: pain, swelling, tenderness, ecchymosis, deformity, and/or skin abrasions. The differential diagnosis for finger injuries includes fracture, collateral ligament rupture, and tendon laceration or avulsion. A careful examination of the flexor tendons, extensor tendons, and neurovascular function must be documented.

At a minimum, three x-ray views of the injured hand must be obtained with the imaging beam centered over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the long finger. The posterior–anterior (PA), lateral, and oblique views screen for trauma. PA and lateral views of the injured digit centered on the PIP joint should be obtained when a particular digit is of concern.

Principles of closed treatment

Closed reduction may be performed via axial traction followed by reversal of the deformity. For digital fractures, the intrinsic muscles can be relaxed by flexion of the MCP joints. Once the reduction is performed, the digit is examined to determine the stability of the reduction. Rotational alignment is checked by active finger flexion, observing the planes of the nail beds, and assessing for digital overlap. The fingers should all point toward the scaphoid tubercle (Fig. ). If pain prevents active flexion, use of tenodesis with gentle wrist extension can result in digital flexion.

(a) This image shows a rotational malalignment of the ring finger (crossing over the small finger) from a fracture at the base of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger. Due to a fairly normal looking appearance of the hand with the fingers extended the injury was initially treated non-operatively. Notice the gap between the middle and ring fingers, and the deviation of the ring finger from the normal cascade. The patient was treated with an operative reduction and percutaneous pinning. (b) A normal finger cascade with all fingers pointing toward the thenar eminence is seen in the same patient 4 weeks after surgery. Passive finger flexion is demonstrated using the tenodesis effect that occurs with passive wrist extension

A radial or ulnar gutter type splint with the MCP joints flexed as close to 90° as possible will hold the digits aligned while relaxing the intrinsics and preventing collateral ligament contracture. Although splinting at 90° of MCP flexion is preferable, as little as 60° of MCP flexion is likely adequate to place the collateral ligaments on maximal strain, and may be easier to achieve. In the case of a stable non-displaced fracture, “buddy taping” the injured digit to an adjacent uninjured digit may be adequate.

Post-reduction x-rays should be obtained in two planes. Analysis of sagittal alignment on the lateral view is often difficult, particularly in plaster, and a series of oblique radiographs may be needed to confirm that correct alignment has been achieved. Follow-up 1 week after initial reduction with new radiographs is required to confirm the maintenance of alignment. Delay of follow-up beyond 1 week can make salvage of a lost reduction more difficult.

Specific injury patterns

Distal tuft fractures

The most common hand fractures are of the distal phalanx as it extends most distally during hand use, especially in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Since there are few deforming forces about the distal phalanx, these fractures can usually be treated in a closed manner with simple splinting, closed reduction and splinting, or closed reduction and percutaneous fixation.

Tuft fractures can be treated with immobilization using a clam-shell type splint, while unstable transverse shaft fractures are ideally managed with operative fixation consisting of a longitudinal Kirschner wire or screw [1]. Regardless of the treatment selected for the underlying bony injury, the commonly associated soft tissue and nail bed injury cannot be ignored. Many of these are open injuries that require adherence to the principles of treatment of open fractures including: a course of antibiotic therapy along with a thorough debridement of any devitalized tissue. Nail bed injuries should be treated with subungual hematoma decompression and re-approximation of nail bed lacerations with fine absorbable sutures (e.g., 5–0 suture). One may ensure the proximal nail fold remains open by avoiding injury to this structure and by placing a temporary spacer in situations requiring complete removal of the native nail plate [2].

Most tuft fractures can be protected by 2–3 weeks of simple splinting including the DIP joint, but leaving the PIP free (Fig. ). Motion of the DIP is begun at 2–3 weeks, with continued protection during active use until pain resolves. Due to the injury to the finger tip, which is the terminal sensory organ, patients must be warned that they will often have decreased function caused by hyperaesthesia, cold intolerance, and numbness even 6 months after the injury [1]. A fibrous non-union of the fracture may result, usually with limited functional consequences.

(a) AP radiograph showing a distal tuft fracture (arrow) (b) Typical clamshell splint used to protect a tuft fracture

Mallet fractures

The majority of distal phalangeal base fractures are “mallet injuries”, occurring due to an axial load with a resultant disruption of the terminal extensor mechanism. Mallet injuries with and without a bony fragment may be effectively treated by splinting the DIP joint in extension for 8 wks, followed by 1 month of night splinting [3]. Splinting using a dorsal, volar, or pre-fabricated Stack type splint are all reasonable treatment methods (Fig. ). Care must be taken to avoid dorsal skin ischemia and potential breakdown seen in cases of splinting the DIP joint in a hyperextended position.

(a) Lateral radiograph of a mallet fracture (b) Dorsal splint used for mallet finger (soft tissue or bony mallet). Notice slight extension pre-bent into splint to assist in reduction of the avulsed fracture fragment seen in Fig. 3a. Patients treated with dorsal splints should be examined frequently for dorsal skin breakdown under the splint

When a bone fragment has been retained with the extensor tendon, the opportunity to heal is enhanced because of the greater healing potential of bone compared to tendon, but x-rays must be taken in the splint to ensure a concentric joint has been maintained. The PIP should be left free, as immobilization of the PIP joint and its resultant stiffness may cause more morbidity than the original injury. Patients are counseled to expect a slight extensor lag (5–10°) under the best circumstances, with a mild loss of total motion. If after splinting there is >20° of recurrent mallet deformity, the splinting program is re-instituted for an additional month or two. Chronic mallet injuries do well with splinting as late as 3 months [4].

Internal fixation of mallet fingers is recommended in cases of volar subluxation of the distal phalanx or in cases where the dorsal component is greater than one-third of the joint surface [5]. Open reduction has a significant risk of complications, so percutaneous internal fixation using Kirschner wires for reduction and fixation is the preferred technique if possible. A variety of wire configurations have been shown to be safe and effective, as long as a congruent reduction of the DIP joint is confirmed on the lateral x-ray [5, 6].

Shaft fractures of the middle and proximal phalanges

Treatment of closed extra-articular fractures of the proximal and middle phalanges can be guided first by separating these injuries into non-displaced and displaced fractures. Most non-displaced extra-articular fractures can be treated with buddy-taping and early motion for 3–4 weeks. For displaced fractures one must carefully consider their stability following closed reduction. As for spiral fractures or others with potential for instability, splinting may be attempted; however, vigilant follow-up is a must to watch for any subsequent displacement (Fig. ).

AP radiograph of a long oblique fracture of the proximal phalanx. The inherent instability of the fracture pattern will lead to suboptimal finger function if treated non-operatively

Displaced fractures may be unstable, even if reduced, and can be difficult to hold reduced. Among shaft fractures oblique, spiral, or comminuted fractures tend to be unstable, while transverse fractures in adults or Salter II metaphyseal fractures in children tend to be stable once reduced. A common transverse fracture in adults occurs at the base of the proximal phalanx. The pull of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles extends the finger, causing an apex volar, extension type deformity at the fracture site. Fractures of the middle phalanx distal to the insertion of the flexor superficialis (FDS) tendon will deform in a similar manner, while fractures proximal to the insertion of this tendon will deform with an apex dorsal angulation.

Metacarpal fractures

Just as with fractures of the phalanges, stable, minimally displaced fractures of the metacarpals can usually be treated with simple closed reduction and splinting. The intermetacarpal ligaments are stout ligaments that span between each metacarpal head and resist displacement of low-energy fractures. The most frequent fracture of the hand is a fracture of the small finger metacarpal neck, the so-called “boxer’s fracture” (Fig. ).

Lateral radiograph of a boxer’s fracture (arrow)

Traditional teaching allows for conservative management of metacarpal neck fractures with the following degree of apex dorsal angulation: small finger: 40–50°, ring finger: 30°, middle finger: 20°, index finger: 10°. The degree of apex dorsal or volar angulation at the fracture site is more accurately assessed with a lateral radiograph of the hand. Oblique views have been shown in a cadaveric study to be misleading, often amplifying the actual angle of the fracture [7]. Apex dorsal angulation, if left unreduced will lead to a change in the appearance of the cascade of MCP joints on the dorsum of the hand. A recent retrospective review evaluated three different casting techniques for closed management of extra-articular metacarpal fractures: one group was casted with the MCP joint in flexion with full interphalangeal (IP) joint motion permitted, another group was casted with the MCP joint in extension and full IP joint motion permitted, and the last group was casted with the MCP joint flexed and the IP joints extended without motion. The authors found no differences between groups in terms of maintenance of fracture reduction, finger range of motion, or grip strength [8].

Certainly these deformities are only acceptable if there is no significant rotational deformity (any rotation of >5°). Small finger rotation should be carefully assessed as fracture site swelling within the fourth web space can exaggerate a perceived rotational deformity. In addition, recent literature has demonstrated with cadaveric testing that metacarpal shortening of up to 1 cm may lead to nearly 50% of decreased grip strength [9]. A bothersome post-operative problem of operative treatment for any metacarpal fracture by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning or open reduction and internal fixation is adhesions of overlying extensor tendons. In order to minimize the impact of extensor tendon adhesions, sufficient fixation should be achieved to allow for early digital motion.

Surgical indications

Correct recognition of finger injuries that require operative intervention for optimal outcome is as important as proper treatment of stable finger fractures to maintain function. Attempted non-operative treatment of these injuries will result in the delay of appropriate care, which in most instances will negatively affect the ultimate outcome (Fig. ).

Persistent rotational deformity after finger fracture will result in poor esthetic and functional outcomes. Fractures at risk for this deformity include oblique and spiral fractures and fractures with comminution preventing bony interdigitation of the fracture fragments. As described above, diligent assessment of the rotational profile of any injured finger is of utmost importance to avoid this difficult deformity.

Injuries of the finger involving the flexor tendons are also injuries that require early operative intervention for optimal outcome. The so-called “jersey finger” is an avulsion of the distal insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon from the volar aspect of the distal phalanx. A spectrum of these injuries exists from avulsion of the FDP tendon with minimal retraction, to an avulsion fracture of the tendon insertion site, to dorsal subluxation of the distal phalanx after the avulsion injury. Due to the need for stable anatomic reduction and fixation, as well as the need for early supervised physical therapy to avoid long-term stiffness, these injuries must be referred to a hand specialist as soon as they are diagnosed or even suspected [5].

Finally, intra-articular injuries involving the IP joints and the MCP joints are known to be associated with residual stiffness, often leading to long-term function deficits of the injured joint. Similar to most intra-articular fractures, these injuries require anatomic reduction, rigid fixation, and early range of motion. Appropriate triage and referral for management of these complex fractures is paramount for acceptable long-term outcome.

Summary

Fractures of the phalanges and metacarpals are common injuries. The initial evaluation of these injuries requires quality radiographs to define the injury and determine an appropriate treatment plan: non-operative versus operative. Stable fractures without rotational deformity or intra-articular extension are best treated non-operatively with gentle reduction, appropriate splinting, and early motion to provide an environment for fracture healing without excessive residual stiffness. Tuft fractures, mallet fingers, and boxer’s fractures are examples of commonly seen injuries that are readily treated with careful non-operative treatment. Fractures that cannot be managed conservatively, including those with residual deformity, intra-articular extension, or tendon injury, are best handled with referral to a hand specialist for appropriate early management.

References

1. DaCruz DJ, Slade RJ, Malone W. Fractures of the distal phalanges. J Hand Surg [Br] 1988;13:350–2. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]2. Brown RE. Acute nail bed injuries. Hand Clin. 2002;18:561–75. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0712(02)00075-6. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]3. Kalainov DM, Hoepfner PE, Hartigan BJ, et al. Nonsurgical treatment of closed mallet finger fractures. J Hand Surg [Am] 2005;30:580–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.02.010. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]4. Patel MR, Desai SS, Bassini-Lipson L. Conservative management of chronic mallet finger. J Hand Surg [Am] 1986;11:570–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]5. Lubahn JD, Hood JM. Fractures of the distal interphalangeal joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;327:12–20. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199606000-00004. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]6. Badia A, Riano F. A simple fixation method for unstable bony mallet finger. J Hand Surg [Am] 2004;29:1051–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.06.015. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]7. Lamraski G, Monsaert A, Maeseneer M, et al. Reliability and validity of plain radiographs to assess angulation of small finger metacarpal neck fractures: human cadaveric study. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:37–45. doi: 10.1002/jor.20025. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]8. Tavassoli J, Ruland RT, Hogan CJ, et al. Three cast techniques for the treatment of extra-articular metacarpal fractures. Comparison of short-term outcomes and final fracture alignments. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:2196–201. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.03038. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]9. Meunier MJ, Hentzen E, Ryan M, et al. Predicted effects of metacarpal shortening on interosseous muscle function. J Hand Surg [Am] 2004;29:689–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.03.002. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

celebrities with broken finger

celebrities with broken finger

He used a prosthetic device to disguise the disfigurement, and was often seen holding a cigar as a prop. You also want to make sure you do everything you can to prevent infections or making your injury worse. Everyone else almost faints looking at it.”. The first European musician to stongly influence American jazz, guitarist DJANGO REINHARDT began his career in Belgium and France in the 1920s. During filming Burghoff’s hand was usually “missing in action,” carefully hidden under clipboards, behind radio sets or in his pocket. Japan’s ISOROKU YAMAMOTO masterminded the infamous 1941 sneak attack on Pearl Harbor. (For more on that, see James’s entry in the loop Exhumation Celebration.). No need to register, buy now! A surgical assistant handed me a bag of Katherine’s clothes and took special care to give me a little baggy with Katherine’s wedding rings in it. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Thomas apparently lost the finger in a gun accident. While “died of a broken heart” is a phrase that you hear every now and then it’s almost always used metaphorically. “See, it’s true!”. The blonde proceeds to tap her face, elbow, thigh and knee, wincing in pain after each one. During Depp’s bitter divorce with Amber Heard, she told the court that in 2015 he had cut off the tip of his right middle finger in a fit of rage while accusing her of carrying on with actor Billy Bob Thornton. “Impossible!” says the doctor. Although a heart murmur kept him out of the first manned spaceflights, Slayton finally made it to the launch pad in 1975. Comfort managed his intricate researches despite having lost four fingers on his left hand while fooling with explosives as a kid. Small but plucky, Frodo is chosen to carry the ring of power sought by the evil lord Sauron. MORDECAI BROWN helped pitch the Chicago Cubs to four baseball championships in the early 1900s, all while throwing with a maimed hand. via Wiki Commons. Silent film comedian BUSTER KEATON made ’em laugh without a chunk of his right hand. And truly dedicated fans have noticed that Perry is missing the tip of his right middle finger. Actress DARYL HANNAH starred in Splash and Blade Runner while missing part of her left index finger. Actor CHRISTIAN BALE is known for his onscreen intensity in such films as American Psycho, The Machinist, The Fighter and Newsies. James could be identified by the missing joint, which was reportedly blown off while he cleaned his pistol as a Confederate soldier during the Civil War. Somehow the sight of those two pieces of broken metal felt like a punch in the gut. Hingle’s missing finger (and pronounced limp) were written into his next part in Splendor in the Grass(1961) as being due to a fall from an oil rig. When we look at pictures of celebrities, we tend to just pay attention to what they’re wearing. He returned to The Tonight Show on Monday where he described his accident and recovery from a rare type of finger injury known as “ring avulsion. We do allow cookies to help our advertising partners give you a better ad experience. © Copyright 1998-2021 by Who2, LLC. And as of early 2009, he’s also known as “the guy with the mangled left index finger.” Bale confirmed in the spring of 2009 that he had been in a dirt-biking accident, and was quoted as saying he’d hurt his finger — “chopped it off at the end.” It’s unclear just how much of the end got chopped off. Ouch… Daryl revealed the story while speaking with South Africa’s Sunday Times. Later it was learned two other fingers had also been taken from his corpse. With Tenor, maker of GIF Keyboard, add popular Broken Finger animated GIFs to your conversations. In Kill Bill, Daryl’s character had a missing eye and wore an eye patch, in reality she’s actually missing part of a limb. That’s because he had a little accident over a two-week break at his home that almost…well, if you’re the kind of person who gets nauseous during movies like Hostel or Saw, you should probably just stop reading right now. An accident with an axe, a childhood prank gone haywire, cantaloupe-carving carelessness: whatever the reason, many people make their mark in life without a finger or two. The best way to prevent one of your fingers from being smashed, severed or peeled like a ripe banana is simply to take rings off before an accident can happen. He used a prosthetic device to disguise the disfigurement, and was often seen holding a cigar as a prop. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we encourage you to read. Chandler from Friends lost a large part of his middle finger as a child after his finger was caught in a closing car door.. As a young man, Denzel Washington broke his pinky finger playing football and never had it set properly. If you’ve been eating the whole time you were reading this story, I sincerely apologize. Reinhardt developed a new playing technique to overcome the problem and by the end of World War II he was an international superstar. Bale was quoted as saying, “It looks horrible. • Anne Hathaway. “They had to cut the wedding band off because her finger was too swollen to remove it.” I gasped. Peter Weber. i want you finger coming through torn paper – images of broken fingers stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. After the wound became severly infected, Emanuel had the top of his finger amputated and spent six weeks recovering.”. A fracture can occur in any of the phalanges. It didn’t keep him from juggling foreign and domestic policy from 1989-99 at a critical junction in Russian history. Actor PAT HINGLE carved out a long career on stage and screen despite a missing left pinky. At the end of the day, when it comes to the law, there’s no exceptions- even if you’re a hot shot celebrity. Fictional hero FRODO BAGGINS wins fame but drops a digit in the course of J.R.R. Johnny Cash. While chasing a hog a few weeks later, he fell and broke the third and fourth fingers on the same hand, both of which healed unnaturally.” Making lemonade out of anatomical lemons, Brown learned that the stub allowed him to hurl a very sharp curveball. Armed with this advantage, “Three Finger” Brown won 239 major league games. A Broken finger is quite a common phenomenon in contact sports but they also occur with other sporting incidences such as when skiing, skateboarding etc. Credit: Peter Weber/Instagram. 8) Daryl Hannah – Missing Finger. Who2 does not collect any personal information. Merle Dixon Daryl Dies Sean Patrick Flanery … Actress Daryl Hannah doesn’t have part of her left index finger. Find the perfect broken finger stock photo. Bo the Dog Has Crossed the Rainbow Bridge, Mary Ball Washington: The Single Mom Who Shaped Her Unappreciative Son George. © 2021 CNET, A RED VENTURES COMPANY. Celebrity Apprentice star and Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider will release Dee Does Broadway on Tuesday, May 8, featuring special guests like … JERRY GARCIA had half of his right middle finger lopped off when he was four — a wood-chopping axe did the job — but he became a scintillating guitarist anyway. A gorgeous young redhead goes into the doctor’s office and said that her body hurt wherever she touched it. As a young sailor, he found himself fighting in the 1905 Battle of Tsushima, the naval brouhaha that helped decide the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War. “The redhead took her finger, pushed on her left wrist and screamed,then she pushed her elbow and screamed in even more. The astronauts were selected after a rigorous screening process and had to be in excellent health. GARY BURGHOFF won an Emmy as Corporal Walter “Radar” O’Reilly on the wartime sitcom M*A*S*H, despite having three deformed fingers on his left hand. The injury didn’t keep him from landing the role of spaceship engineer Montgomery “Scotty” Scott on the 1960s TV series Star Trek. Photos of the finger (and the mirror) were published by TMZ in 2016, and other photos from 2015 show Depp’s finger wrapped in bandages. One might almost think an altered hand is the key to guitar greatness: Black Sabbath’s TONY IOMMI joins Garcia and Reinhardt in the elite club of guitarists with finger problems. The battle marked Yamamoto for life when an explosion destroyed two fingers on his left hand. As a boy his timing wasn’t so good: he blew off two fingers while playing with a grenade snitched from an Army depot. Evel Knievel is known for his crazy motorcycle stunts, and he is one of the most iconic celebrities of the 1970s. He is famously unperturbed by this slight physical deformity and has been known to joke that his thumb now resembles a penis with a … Late night host Jimmy Fallon returned to the airwaves with a cast around his left hand and a horrifying story about a rare but serious type of finger injury. … Washington never had it set properly resulting in an awkwardly crooked finger bent permanently at about a 45-degree angle. Fallon first sent out some tweets on June 26 explaining how he tripped, caught his wedding ring on the side of a table and “almost ripped my finger off.” It didn’t keep him from earning the nickname “The Great Stone Face” as he starred in classic comedies like Sherlock Jr. (1924) and The General (1926). The singer captioned a picture of his arm in a cast: “I’ve had a bit of a bicycle accident. Reports said simply that he would be scarred for life, and that he didn’t feel the actual chop-off so much as notice how bloody his hand was. Most American television viewers know that MATTHEW PERRY played Chandler Bing on the hit series Friends (1994-2004). DONALD K. “DEKE” SLAYTON was selected in 1959 to be one of the original seven astronauts in the U. S. “space race” with the Soviet Union. DR. ALEX COMFORT‘s book The Joy of Sex came out in 1972, in time to capitalize on the apparent need of many Americans to hear from an expert that fornication was fun. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion. https://www.tvovermind.com/20-celebrities-went-completely-broke The Tonight Show host talks about his bout with ring avulsion, a finger injury that looks and sounds like something from a horror movie. Some said he lived on for years or even decades under other names. In the 60s & 70s he attempted over 70 motorcycle jumps & is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the person with the “most bones broken in a lifetime”. Know its treatment options. The tip of outlaw JESSE JAMES‘s left middle finger started a famous 19th-century urban legend (even without the help of the Internet). According to his estate’s official Web site, “At the age of 7, Brown was playing on his uncle’s farm and got his right hand caught in a corn shredder. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas issued a statement in 2012 advising ring wearers to remove their rings before participating in any physical activity such as sports, construction work and moving heavy objects or interacting with machines with moving parts where rings could get caught. This front-line exposure puts your finger at high risk for injury. 10 Celebrities With Physical Deformities You May Have Never Noticed. “Show me”. Take a look back at Reese Witherspoon, David Beckham, Halle Berry and other stars who have had minor injuries that have made headlines. Although she never disclosed the cause of her injury, the actress who’ll be playing Fantine in the upcoming Les Miserables film was spotted out and about in May this year with her right forearm and wrist bandaged and held up by an orthopedic sling. Keaton caught the hand in a clothes wringer at age two, losing the first joint of his index finger in the process. The same report also shows some VERY graphic pictures of the man’s degloved finger and let’s just say that you shouldn’t click on this link if you faint at the sight of blood because if you do, the photos will probably put you into a coma. According to his 1996 autobiography Beam Me Up, Scotty, JAMES DOOHAN landed with Royal Canadian Army troops on the D-Day invasion of France and lost the middle finger of his right hand to German fire. Honorable mention: JOHNNY DEPP. Here are some folks who’ve managed to get ahead with missing or damaged digits. Share the best GIFs now >>> That’s because you can still move around a broken finger. Political fixer and Chicago mayor RAHM EMANUEL lost half of his right middle finger to a roast beef slicer. The injury happened when Hannah was 3 years old. 13 Celebrities Who’ve Been In Serious Trouble With The Law. Rude Finger First Finger The Only Way Are You The One I Salute You Hand Signals Caricature Artist Rare Birds Sign Language Flip Off Friday with Juliette Lewis. Credit: Courtesy Mariska Hargitay/Instagram. He broke 433 bones during his career, an insane amount. A blonde goes to a doctor. Depp reportedly dipped the bloody finger in blue paint to write “starring Billy Bob” and “Easy Amber” on a nearby mirror. Loyal viewers are able to tell which season is which by Perry’s weight fluctuations. Find the perfect Broken Fingertip stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Peter Weber with his parents. Slayton was a pilot in World War II and a test pilot and instructor during the 1950s. Co-Star From The Kill Bill Movies – Daryl Hannah We Googled it so you don’t have to and trust us, you don’t want to either. Deke passed despite a missing left ring finger (the only finger deemed not necessary for a right-handed pilot). After James was gunned down by Robert Ford in 1882, a post-mortem photo showed the corpse’s left hand hidden under the right — sparking rumors that the dead man wasn’t really the famous outlaw. There is little more satisfying than a celebrity flipping off a photographer. Broken finger. Fans of “The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon” may have noticed the host with a rather large cast around his left hand where his wedding ring used to be. She says. When Daryl was a young girl, she got her left index finger stuck in a pulley of her grandmother’s well and had part of it removed. “, According to a study published in the Indian Journal of Orthopaedics in 2008, ring avulsion is rare but very serious. The three fingers disappeared sometime after 1905, then one turned up in 1927 and has since been housed at the Museum of the History of Science. Tolkien‘s trilogy The Lord of the Rings. It absolutely is possible to die of a broken heart as the below proves. His index finger was amputated above the second knuckle, and his thumb and pinkie were both impaired permanently. Lloyd’s condition was kept secret from the public, and he was fitted with prosthetic digits which he used in the rest of his films. https://www.eightieskids.com/2018/10/celebs-with-differences All rights reserved. The Doctor says “show me”. Television star and producer DANNY THOMAS was missing the tip of his index finger. A break is usually the result of an injury to the hand. A 2008 study from the Journal of Hand Surgery says that new microsurgical techniques have led to a rise in successful finger reattachments and repairs but it also noted that “amputation is still the best option for most patients.”. The doctor pauses for a second, sighs and says. No matter: The Joy of Sex remains one of the all-time best selling books on sex. The rumors continued until DNA testing in 1995 proved that the body was, indeed, Jesse James. Time magazine picks up the story: “As a teenager, he severed his right middle finger slicing meat at Arby’s and went swimming in Lake Michigan before getting stitches. The English actor joined the Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai International in 2004, during a break from acting. Even celebrities do things when they’re younger … husband Simon Barney, Tamra Judge had his name tattooed on her left ring finger. Television star and producer DANNY THOMAS was missing the tip of his index finger.

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Common Hand Injuries, Arthritis and Trigger Finger

Hand problems vary in severity, but even minor injuries can have a major impact on your daily life. A hand surgeon can help determine the cause of your symptoms and customize a plan of care to get your hands feeling and working well again. Learn about some common hand problems and how they are treated.

Anatomy of the hand

Your hand contains 19 bones (not including those that form the wrist). There are 14 phalanges, the bones that make up each finger: three in each of the index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers and two in the thumb. There are also five metacarpal bones that make up the middle part of the hand. Numerous ligaments connect the bones to each other. Tendons connect muscles in the arm or hand to the bone to enable you to move your fingers. Sheaths are tubular structures that surround part of the fingers. There are thousands of nerve endings in your fingertips. Arteries, veins, and nerves provide essential blood flow and sensation in the hand and fingers.

Common injuries hand surgeons treat

The hand is one of the most complex structures in the body, and trauma can injure not only the skin or bones of the hand, but also delicate nerves, arteries, tendons, and ligaments that allow your hand to function properly. When surgery is required, this complex network can be challenging to navigate, requiring the expertise of an experienced hand specialist. Hand surgeons are orthopedic surgeons with additional, advanced training in methods for treating upper extremity conditions. This includes performing surgery under a microscope, which may be necessary for fixing small structures in the hand and fingers.

The hand is commonly injured during sports, work or daily life activities. Common types of injuries that hand surgeons often treat include:

• cuts from knives or sharp glass
• falls on the outstretched hand
• crush injuries of the hands or fingers, such as catching them in a door
• sports-related acute and overuse injuries
• animal bites and scratches
• injuries from power tools, such as circular saws or drills

Seeing a hand specialist soon after an injury can assure that you get the most effective treatment as soon as possible. The surgeon will ask you how the injury happened and perform a physical exam to examine the skin for any swelling or bruising and to assess your range of motion. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans can provide additional information. Hand surgeons at some institutions have access to advanced imaging techniques like 3D CT reconstruction and 3D printing of your bones. Your surgeon will speak with you about your usual activities and hobbies so he or she can devise a plan of care to get you back to those activities.

Many hand injuries can be treated with splints, casts, and hand therapy. Hand surgeons work closely with hand and occupational therapists to create a personalized therapy approach that is right for each patient. In some cases, hand surgery is needed to fix broken bones or repair injured nerves, ligaments, or tendons. Most hand surgeries can be done in the outpatient setting, using a nerve block for pain control. Your surgeon and team will work together to ensure a safe surgery and a smooth recovery.

Full recovery from a hand injury depends on the severity of the injury: six weeks for most fractures, but up to several months or a year for certain nerve injuries. Your hand surgeon and hand therapist will work closely with you after surgery to help you recover as quickly as possible so you can get back to doing the things you enjoy.

Hand arthritis: Symptoms, signs and treatments

Arthritis is inflammation of cartilage in the joints, which causes swelling and pain. There are two basic types of arthritis that most commonly affect the hand and fingers: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and usually affects the hands of older people resulting from years of use. Similar to that of arthritis in larger joints, such as the hip and knee, there are multiple treatment options for hand osteoarthritis to help patients get back to the activities they love.
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can also cause similar pain and swelling in the joints, but this condition is caused by an autoimmune disorder, rather than wear over time, and so it can reduce hand function earlier in life than is common for osteoarthritis. Fortunately, with the advent of biologic therapies, people with RA are experiencing fewer serious hand problems and the disease’s progression has been dramatically slowed.

If you show signs of hand arthritis, your doctor will begin with a physical examination, look for points of tenderness, and assess the degree of stiffness. Imaging studies such as X-rays and MRI can be used to determine the extent of the degenerative changes.

Nonsurgical treatments for hand arthritis

Depending on which joints are affected – the first knuckle below each fingernail is the most common hand joint impacted by arthritis – your treatment may include a combination of anti-inflammatory medications (such as ibuprofen or naproxen), rest, ice, wearing a splint, and/or receiving a cortisone injection to relieve inflammation. A hand therapist may be helpful to teach you new ways to use your hands to do what you want to do despite your arthritis.

Surgery for hand arthritis

Surgery is a last resort, but in patients with arthritis causing severe pain, it can be very successful. For arthritis affecting the base of the thumb (called basal joint arthritis), the most common surgical procedure is removal of a bone called the trapezium and reconstruction of the joint with tendons and/or sutures. After surgery, your hand will be placed in a splint or cast while it heals, and then you will receive regular hand therapy to help regain strength and function.

Trigger finger: Symptoms, signs and treatments

Also called “stenosing tenosynovitis,” trigger finger makes it difficult to fully straighten or bend your fingers. You may be unable to make a fist. People with trigger finger often feel their symptoms are worse when they wake up in the morning. While trigger finger can affect any finger, it most commonly arises in the ring finger, middle finger, and thumb.

Flexor tendons attach the muscles of your forearm to the bones of your fingers, passing through tunnels in the palm. When you contract a muscle in your arm, the flexor tendons enable your fingers to bend. With trigger finger, bands of tissue called “pulleys” that hold the flexor tendons close to the finger bones become inflamed or thickened, making it harder for the tendon to slide through the pulley as you bend your finger.

You may feel a small nodule in your palm that develops from enlargement of the tendon and/or thickening of the pulley. This may cause the tendon to catch as it passes through the pulley. You may also feel a clicking of the finger or experience locking of the joints. This is often quite painful and if left untreated, may lead to permanent stiffness of the finger.

Nonsurgical treatments

You’ll have the best chance of a good recovery from trigger finger if you start treatment soon after your symptoms first appear. Your doctor may give you a cortisone shot into the affected area to relieve the inflammation. Massaging the area may reduce tendon swelling. Some people also benefit from wearing a splint at night to keep the affected finger straight.

Surgery for trigger finger

If conservative treatment measures aren’t enough to make your symptoms go away, you may need surgery. The hand surgeon will cut the pulley to help the tendon glide smoothly, without catching or locking. You won’t need a splint or cast but you’ll need to protect the incision site from water to prevent infection. After four to eight weeks, you may experience some internal tissue firmness and skin sensitivity, but this generally resolves by 12 weeks after the operation. No hand therapy is required unless you need some additional exercises to stretch the fingers after you have healed.

Posted: 12/21/2020

Authors

Lana Kang, MD

Assistant Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Hospital for Special Surgery
Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College

Ameya V. Save, MD

Assistant Attending Orthopedic Surgeon, Hospital for Special Surgery
Clinical Instructor in Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College

90,000 Azerbaijani soldiers never surrender! (PHOTO / VIDEO)

BAKU / Trend Life / – Azerbaijani parajudo fighter Ilham Zakiyev (+100 kg) became the bronze medalist at the 16th Summer Paralympic Games in 2020 in Tokyo, Trend Life reports.

Ilham Zakiev defeated Jack Hodgson (Great Britain) in the starting fight, reaching the quarterfinals, where he lost to Van Gyen Choi (South Korea). In the consolation block he defeated Theodore Subbu (Jamaica), and then won the bronze – his opponent Shirin Sharipov (Uzbekistan) was disqualified.

“I am very glad to have won the Paralympic medal again. The opponents were strong. In the first meeting there was a British athlete who had won four times before and defeated again. leg, but did not show his pain and continued the fight. Unfortunately, he lost. When the doctor examined my leg, he asked: “Are you going to fight again?” I replied: “Of course, just bandage my leg. Because we are soldiers of the victorious country! Our soldiers, even being wounded, continued to fight with courage.Azerbaijani soldiers never surrender! “And in a meeting with another rival, I did not show that I was seriously injured, gathered all the willpower and won. Our parajudo team brilliantly performed at the Games, having won six gold medals and two bronze awards, proving the world level of development of this sport in our country. We will gladly return home! “, – Ilham Zakiev shared his impressions.

Ilham Zakiev is a three-time medalist of the Paralympic Games – he won in Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008), and won bronze in London (2012).The athlete is also a two-time world champion, seven-time European champion, vice-president of the National Paralympic Committee of Azerbaijan. Note that Ilham Zakiev lost his sight in February 1999 while carrying out a combat mission against the Armenian aggressors in the Fizuli region of Azerbaijan, when he was seriously wounded in the head.

At the moment, Azerbaijan has 12 awards. Earlier gold was won by parajudists Huseyn Rahimli (-81 kg), Dursadaf Kerimova (+70 kg), Vugar Shirinli (-60 kg), Khanym Huseynova (-63 kg), Sevda Veliyeva (-57 kg) and Shahana Hajiyeva (-48 kg), swimmer Raman Saleh (100 meters on the back), athletes Hamid Heydarli (javelin throw, world record -51, 42 m) and Elvin Astanov (shot put, world record – 8.77 m), bronze medalists – parajudoist Namig Abasly (-66 kg) and powerlifting player Parvin Mamedov (-49 kg).

Let us remind you that the Tokyo Games became the seventh for the Paralympic Movement of Azerbaijan. At the previous Paralympic Games, our athletes won 38 medals – 9 gold, 18 silver and 11 bronze. This year our country at the Paralympic Games is represented by 35 athletes (23 men and 12 women), who compete in six sports.

(Author: Vugar Imanov)

90,000 UFC President announced Nurmagomedov’s broken leg three weeks before the fight

The Russian defeated American Gatji and defended the UFC title.After the victory, the 32-year-old fighter announced his retirement

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Photo: AP

UFC lightweight champion Khabib Nurmagomedov broke his leg three weeks before his fight with Justin Gaethje at a tournament in Abu Dhabi. UFC President Dana White announced this after the fight.

“We were lucky to see him fight today after what he went through. It turns out that three weeks before the fight, he was hospitalized because he broke his leg. He had two broken fingers and one bone in his leg. His team told me about this, ”White said.

At UFC 254 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Nurmagomedov defeated Gatji by rear naked choke in the second round. The Russian defended his lightweight title for the third time.

In total, Nurmagomedov spent 29 fights in mixed martial arts, without suffering a single defeat. After the end of the fight, he announced his retirement. The fight with Gatji was the first for the Russian after the death of his father and coach Abdulmanap Nurmagomedov, who died on July 3 as a result of complications after being infected with COVID-19.

Jones lost first place to Nurmagomedov in the overall UFC ranking

Author

Alexander Pakhomov

90,000 Without dentures.Scientists have figured out how to grow amputated limbs

https://ria.ru/20200827/regeneratsiya-1576350280.html

Without prostheses. Scientists have figured out how to grow amputated limbs

Without prostheses. Scientists have figured out how to grow amputated limbs Scientists have figured out how to grow amputated limbs

Apparently, humans are able to regenerate like fish and amphibians. Scientists have described several cases when the tips grew back in young children… RIA Novosti, 27.08.2020

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MOSCOW, August 27 – RIA Novosti, Alfiya Enikeeva. Apparently, humans are able to regenerate like fish and amphibians. Scientists have described several cases when the tips of amputated fingers grew back in young children, and tissues were renewed in the joints of an adult’s legs. Researchers suggest – it’s all about several genes. If you understand how to activate them, then in the future, those who lose limbs will be able to acquire new ones. At the fingertips In the early 1970s, scientists told the story of a young boy who lost the tip of his index finger due to an injury.After a few months, the missing part grew back. As it turned out, this case is not the only one. Such regeneration was recorded earlier, but only in early childhood. Nothing of the kind happened in adults, and the strange phenomenon was not explained until 2013. Scientists from the University of New York (USA) have found a small group of stem cells at the base of a human nail. Thanks to them, nails are constantly growing, and in infancy, it is possible to restore lost fingertips. However, regeneration occurs only if at least a small piece of the nail remains.The fact is that after amputation, Wnt proteins are activated in the epithelium lying under the preserved part of the nail plate. In the event of injury, they attract nerve cells to the damaged area, which in turn trigger the growth of cells of the embryonic connective tissue – the very ones that the researchers found at the base of the nail. Such cells are called mesenchymal stem cells. They usually turn into bones, tendons, and muscles. In the experiments of American biologists, it was thanks to this mechanism that new tips of the cut fingers grew in mice in five weeks.If too much of the animal was amputated and almost nothing was left of the nail, the regeneration process did not begin. However, later scientists coped with this: they stabilized the protein content of beta-catenin at the base of the nail – it acts as a transmitter of signals between Wnt proteins. As a result, even mice that had lost their nails regained their lost fingers. A similar mechanism is responsible for regeneration in amphibians, the authors of the work note. Its presence in mammals, including humans, gives hope that in the future they will discover a way to restore amputated limbs.Where the ears grow Two years later, an international group of scientists said: such a method has been found, however, so far only in mice. By stimulating one of the growth genes – usually only active during embryonic development – biologists have repaired the damaged tissues of adult animals. Moreover, it was not only about the fingertips, but also about the auricles. During the experiment, the researchers observed the processes in the cells of the so-called MRL mice. This rodent population is the result of the crossing of several large subspecies.Its representatives are able to regenerate cartilage and other body tissues – as it turned out, due to the fact that immediately after injury or trauma, the growth gene and the associated HIF-1a protein are activated in their cells. In ordinary rodents, this region of DNA expresses only during the development of the embryo and practically does not manifest itself in the work of an adult organism. When biologists turned off this gene in MRL mice, regeneration stopped. But ordinary rodents, which increased the concentration of HIF-1a in tissues, on the contrary, acquired the ability to regrow lost body parts.So, their ears, after scientists cut off large pieces from them, returned to their previous state and even overgrown with wool. That is, by adding the required amount of HIF-1a, it is possible to return any adult cells to a state in which they will divide and spread through tissues, turning into the desired types, the authors of the work note. If you find an effective way of delivering protein to the human body, then it will most likely be able to restore body parts. Regenerating Man However, in the human body, regeneration is possible anyway.American and Swedish researchers found this out last year by studying cartilage samples from healthy volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis. In humans, this disease causes damage to the articular cartilage and surrounding tissues. By measuring the age of individual molecules – collagen, aggrecan, fibronectin – in the extracellular substance of cartilage, biologists noticed: the farther the joint is from the spine, the more young, newly formed proteins it contains. So, in the ankle, they were younger than in the hip joints. In addition, it was in the knee and ankle that scientists discovered the expression of characteristic microRNAs that were previously found in other animals with high regenerative abilities – axolotl and zebrafish.Moreover, in the samples of patients with osteoarthritis, their concentration was two times higher than in healthy cartilage, and in the ankle – two to five times higher than in the shoulder. According to the authors of the work, all these are manifestations of the ability to regenerate, which is partially preserved in some joints. Under conditions of stress and tissue destruction in human cartilage, the same processes are triggered as in amputated limbs of amphibians, when they try to grow them again. The farther the joint is from the spine, the more active the regeneration is.This may explain why osteoarthritis is more common in the hip joint and rarely in the ankle. The researchers believe that it is likely that damaged articular cartilage can be repaired by stimulating subtle regeneration processes, for example, by injecting certain microRNAs.

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USA, New York (city), discoveries – RIA science, health, regeneration, biology, arthritis, genes

MOSCOW, Aug 27 – RIA Novosti, Alfiya Enikeeva. Apparently, humans are able to regenerate like fish and amphibians. Scientists have described several cases when the tips of amputated fingers grew back in young children, and tissues were renewed in the joints of an adult’s legs.Researchers suggest – it’s all about several genes. If you understand how to activate them, then in the future, those who lose limbs will be able to acquire new ones.

At the fingertips

In the early 1970s, scientists told the story of a young boy who lost the tip of his index finger due to an injury. After a few months, the missing part grew back. As it turned out, this case is not the only one. Such regeneration was recorded earlier, but only in early childhood. Nothing of the sort happened in adults.The strange phenomenon was explained only in 2013. Scientists from the University of New York (USA) have found a small group of stem cells at the base of a human nail. Thanks to them, nails are constantly growing, and in infancy, it is possible to restore lost fingertips. However, regeneration occurs only if at least a small piece of the nail remains.

The fact is that after amputation, Wnt proteins are activated in the epithelium under the preserved part of the nail plate. In the event of injury, they attract nerve cells to the damaged area, which in turn trigger the growth of cells of the embryonic connective tissue – the very ones that the researchers found at the base of the nail.Such cells are called mesenchymal stem cells. They usually turn into bones, tendons, and muscles.

In the experiments of American biologists, it was thanks to this mechanism that new tips of cut fingers grew in mice in five weeks. If too much of the animal was amputated and almost nothing was left of the nail, the regeneration process did not begin. However, later scientists coped with this: they stabilized the protein content of beta-catenin at the base of the nail – it acts as a transmitter of signals between Wnt proteins.As a result, even mice that had lost their nails regained their lost fingers.

A similar mechanism is responsible for regeneration in amphibians, the authors of the work note. Its presence in mammals, including humans, gives hope that in the future they will discover a way to restore amputated limbs.

September 26, 2012, 21:06 the journal Nature.

Where do ears grow

Two years later, an international group of scientists said: this method has been found, however, so far only in mice. By stimulating one of the growth genes – usually only active during embryonic development – biologists have repaired the damaged tissues of adult animals. Moreover, it was not only about the fingertips, but also about the auricles.

During the experiment, the researchers observed the processes in the cells of the so-called MRL mice. This rodent population is the result of the crossing of several large subspecies.Its representatives are able to regenerate cartilage and other body tissues – as it turned out, due to the fact that immediately after injury or trauma, the growth gene and the associated HIF-1a protein are activated in their cells. In ordinary rodents, this region of DNA expresses only during the development of the embryo and practically does not manifest itself in the work of an adult organism.

14 April 2020, 18:05 Science Scientists have found a gene responsible for the regeneration of the heart

When biologists turned off this gene in MRL mice, the regeneration stopped.But ordinary rodents, which increased the concentration of HIF-1a in tissues, on the contrary, acquired the ability to regrow lost body parts. So, their ears, after scientists cut off large pieces from them, returned to their previous state and even overgrown with wool.

That is, adding the required amount of HIF-1a, you can return any adult cells to a state in which they will divide and spread through tissues, turning into the required types, the authors of the work note. If you find an effective way of delivering protein to the human body, then it will most likely be able to restore body parts.

June 4, 2015, 12:11 p.m. Science Biologists have been able to induce tissue regeneration in the body of a mouse for the first time An international team of physicians and biologists has been able for the first time to force damaged tissue in a mammalian body – in this case, a mouse – to repair itself by stimulating one of the growth genes that normally works during embryo growth …

Regenerating man

However, in the human body, regeneration is possible anyway. American and Swedish researchers found this out last year by studying cartilage samples from healthy volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis.In humans, this disease causes damage to the articular cartilage and surrounding tissues.

By measuring the age of individual molecules – collagen, aggrecan, fibronectin – in the extracellular substance of cartilage, biologists noticed: the farther the joint is from the spine, the more young, newly formed proteins it contains. So, in the ankle, they were younger than in the hip joints.

In addition, it was in the knee and ankle that scientists discovered the expression of characteristic microRNAs that were previously found in other animals with high regenerative abilities – axolotl and zebrafish.Moreover, in the samples of patients with osteoarthritis, their concentration was two times higher than in healthy cartilage, and in the ankle – two to five times higher than in the shoulder.

According to the authors of the work, all these are manifestations of the ability to regenerate, which is partially preserved in some joints. Under conditions of stress and tissue destruction in human cartilage, the same processes are triggered as in amputated limbs of amphibians, when they try to grow them again. The farther the joint is from the spine, the more active the regeneration is.This may explain why osteoarthritis is more common in the hip joint and rarely in the ankle.

Researchers believe that it is likely that damaged articular cartilage can be repaired by stimulating subtle regeneration processes, for example, by injecting certain microRNAs.

symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention

Usually, when we talk about cats, we think of them as graceful and agile animals that can perform impressive jumps.However, even the most capable athlete can be wrong. Falls and collisions with cars are the most common causes of bone fractures in cats. Attacks by other animals, human violence can also cause bone fractures. The most common fractures (or cracks) occur in the following bones: the femur, pelvic bones, jaw, and tail.

Symptoms of a bone fracture in a cat

Pain is the first visible symptom of fracture in cats. Cats try to hide their pain, so the following symptoms may be observed:

• The animal cries, howls, moans or growls, especially when touched
• Does not walk or use a limb or tail
• Doesn’t eat or lick itself
• There is swelling or bruising in the injured area

Occasionally, a broken bone can penetrate the skin.In this case, the fracture is open. In addition, the fracture may be accompanied by other types of injury and damage, such as cuts, bruises, or disorientation.

Main cause of fractures

A fracture is a violation of the integrity of a bone caused by an excessive load from the outside, usually as a result of some traumatic event, such as a fall of an animal or a collision with a car.

First aid for fracture

The first thing to remember is that your cat is experiencing intense pain, and the animal can bite the owner, no matter how affectionate and loyal it is in everyday life.The second thing to remember is that the event that caused the bone fracture can cause shock and other less obvious problems, some of which may not be detected for several days. Thus, any home treatment is designed to stabilize the injury until your cat is seen by a veterinarian.

Any anatomical areas where there is active bleeding or where bone protrudes beyond the surface of the skin should be covered with a sterile gauze bandage or clean cloth, if possible.Broken bones should be tried to immobilize. Wrap the cat in a thick towel or place it on a hard surface before taking it to the vet.

Treatment by a veterinarian

Diagnosis of fracture

Your veterinarian will first assess your cat’s overall health to make sure that the animal’s life is not in immediate danger. Once the animal has stabilized, an X-ray will be taken in the area where the fracture is suspected.

Treatment of fractures in cats

There are many factors that will determine how feline fractures are treated. The most important of these are general health, the age of the animal, the type of fracture and which bones are broken. Sometimes an immobilizing bandage or cast may be sufficient for fractures of the lower leg, but not always. Surgery is often necessary to reposition the fragments and place screws, pins (metal rods), wires and / or metal plates in the bone to hold the fragments together.

Some fractures can be so severe that limb amputation may be required, especially if the tail is involved. In case of fractures of the spine and pelvis, it is necessary to strictly limit the motor activity of the animal (to keep it in a cage), while, as a rule, it is necessary to perform surgical intervention. Pain medications may also be part of the treatment plan, and in some cases antibiotics are prescribed.

Other reasons

Any factors that can weaken bone strength, such as hormonal imbalances, infections, and bone cancer, lead to pathological fractures.

Animal care and treatment at home after surgery

The most important and yet the most difficult part of home care is limiting your cat’s physical activity, especially when jumping. Any dressing material must be kept dry. If it gets wet, for example, due to urine, or if there is an odor, as well as any signs of diaper rash and pressure sores, it will be necessary to clean the wound surface and change the dressing. In addition, the cat should not be allowed to chew and bite the dressings.A protective veterinary collar comes in handy for this.

It usually takes 4 to 6 weeks for the bones to heal. X-rays are taken to monitor the healing process. Any metal implants that are used to anchor and stabilize bone fragments should be left in place as long as they do not cause any problems.

Prevention of bone fractures in cats and cats

Since most fractures are caused by trauma, limiting the amount of time an animal is outdoors will minimize the risk of injury from vehicles and prevent other animals from attacking.Pay attention to your pet’s behavioral habits when outdoors. So, if your cat likes to walk around the edge of the balcony or take risky jumps, try to restrict access to these areas.

06 March 2017

1

90,000 How Chief Space Designer Sergei Korolev survived in concentration camps – Rossiyskaya Gazeta

Lubyanka – Butyrka – Novocherkassk

June 27, 1938 at half past eleven in the night at the door of the 11th apartment of the Korolyovs on Konyushkovskaya Street., house 28 in Moscow knocked loudly: “Open! NKVD”. Two came. The search continued throughout the night. Sergei Pavlovich’s wife noticed how the Chekist deftly pulled out the malachite cufflinks presented to Sergei for the wedding from the box on her dressing table, but said nothing … Turning the whole house over, sealing one room and taking the necessary papers, the Chekists took the owner with them. To the Internal Prison of the NKVD in Lubyanka.

On the morning of June 28, the first interrogation began, as evidenced by a copy of the protocol in the book of Sergei Pavlovich’s daughter, Natalia Koroleva.Interrogated by the detective, state security sergeant Bykov. To the first question whether the arrested person knew about the reason for the arrest, Sergei Pavlovich said simply: “No, I do not know.” In response, a mate, a savory spit in the face, a kick in the groin with a boot. When he woke up, Korolyov saw a man in a white coat. Checking his pulse, he helped him up and said: “There is nothing terrible.”

After that, the investigator told him that he would stand on the “conveyor belt” until he signed the testimony. Sergei Pavlovich stood until evening.They were not allowed to eat or drink; they were not allowed to sleep. In the evening, another investigator came – State Security Lieutenant Mikhail Shestakov. After standing all night, early in the morning, the interrogated again saw Sergeant Bykov …

Years later, journalist Yaroslav Golovanov, author of many books about the Chief Designer of Spacecraft, found a former lieutenant of state security. But retired colonel Shestakov, naturally, “did not remember” the Queen …

The future General Designer was accused of being a member of the Trotskyist sabotage organization since 1935, carrying out criminal work to disrupt the development and commissioning of new types of weapons by the Red Army, i.e.e. in the crimes of Art. 58-7, 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Both points are for execution. So the sentence that Korolev, convict 1442, learned about in Butyrka prison, at that time can be called “mild”: ten years in prison with a political defeat for five years and with confiscation of property.

After eight months in the Novocherkassk transit prison, the 31-year-old “enemy of the people” was sent on June 1, 1939 under a convoy to the Far East.

Vladivostok “forwarding”

The Vladivostok transit point was perhaps the most intelligent in the GULAG system.Writer Varlam Shalamov, Pushkin philologist Yulian Oksman, future People’s Artist of the USSR Georgy Zhzhenov, the last of the Rurik dynasty, writer Dmitry Svyatopolk-Mirsky, director Leonid Varpakhovsky, poet Vladimir Narbut, writer Yuri Dombrovsky, deputy. commander of the 6th cavalry corps, future army general, Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Gorbatov, writer Evgenia Ginzburg. Among those who stayed here forever is the poet Osip Mandelstam …

A notable episode at the camp gate.Receiving Sergei Pavlovich, the young lieutenant, checking his surname according to the list, named him Karaliev, with an emphasis on the second syllable. “Korolev,” he corrected. “They don’t put names on our graves,” snapped the lieutenant, “walk, walk more fun.” And he really cheered up. After the gloomy casemates of Novocherkassk and the thick stench of the carriage, Vladperpunkt seemed like a pioneer camp: green grass, sun, breeze from the sea, warmth. July in Vladivostok is the velvet season.

The contrast was all the more terrible when a few days later the stage was sent by sea to the Kolyma.Five thousand prisoners were pressed into the hold. Fetid sticky stuffiness, widespread seasickness – in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk it was very stormy, dirty stinking puddles underfoot. According to the scanty recollections of the Queen, neither before nor after there was such a horror of physical impurity. But the main circles of hell were ahead. A week later, the stage arrived in Magadan, the capital of the Kolyma region.

Five more days in the back of a truck, and here it is – the Maldyak gold mine.

Mine Maldyak

The daughter of his neighbor on the bunk told Natalia Sergeevna: “When he saw a photograph with an obituary in the Pravda newspaper in January 1966, he said:” Why, this is the same Serega Korolev, who amazed everyone in Kolyma by doing exercises in the morning, and responded to our skeptical forecasts that he still hopes to be useful to his country. “

But Kolyma also killed the strongest …

There are many legends about how the Queen managed to survive: out of five hundred prisoners in the Maldyak camp, no more than a hundred survived until spring. A certain Vasily who fed him is often mentioned. In my opinion, a more objective explanation from the book by Natalia Koroleva, who “shoveled all kinds of archives, including those that were previously closed”.

In the fall, a genuine “angel in the flesh” appeared at the mine – Mikhail Usachev, the former director of the Moscow aircraft plant, undeservedly accused of the death of Valery Chkalov.As stated in the protocol, “Comrade Chkalov’s death is the result of laxity, disorganization, irresponsibility and criminal negligence. The director of the plant, Usachev, conducted an unacceptable, harmful, unjustifiable haste in preparing the aircraft for departure …”. A boxer with a heroic physique, Usachev, for “registration” in the camp, first “cleaned the face” of the local gangster authority, dismissing him from the post of headman. He took Mikhail Alexandrovich around the camp, introducing him to the farm. Near one of the tents, he casually dropped, they say, “The King is lying around here – a goner from yours, from the political; he got sick and, probably, will not get up.”Entering the tent, Usachev saw only a bunch of dirty rags. Having lifted them – I was taken aback …

As he himself recalled, at that moment it was as if something snapped inside him: a terribly thin, pale, lifeless man lay in front of him in inconceivable rags. This is how the director of the aircraft plant saw Sergei Korolev, whom he knew well. Had he been a couple of days late, we would hardly have celebrated in these April days the 55th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin’s flight into space …

Having ordered to transfer the patient to the isolation ward, Usachev ordered to arrange for him “additional food” – at the expense of the rations of criminals who most of all mocked the political ones.The camp doctor Tatyana Repyeva, with whom many years later the daughter of the Chief Designer spoke personally, also did everything possible. Although it was possible it was a little – scurvy was treated with raw potatoes and coniferous broth, all other diseases – with potassium permanganate diluted in water …

“Father,” recalls his daughter, “got to his feet and retained a feeling of deep gratitude to his rescuers for the rest of his life. At the beginning of the 60s, being Chief Designer, he found Mikhail Alexandrovich Usachev and hired him as Deputy Chief Engineer of a pilot plant.” …

She also testifies that Korolev hated gold until his last days, contemptuously calling it “gold”. This is what a vivid episode in the book of Alexander Romanov is about.

A tall, fair-haired employee worked at the Glavny Design Bureau. Sergei Pavlovich trusted her with many calculations and appreciated her mathematical intelligence. But once I saw a woman “in gold” – a gold pendant on her chest, gold rings on her hands. The employee quickly noticed the Chief’s dislike. Once, lingering in the office, she asked: “Can I apply for resignation?” Sergei Pavlovich apologized and told her the reason for his hatred of gold:

“For almost a year, for eight, or even more hours a day, I transported gold sand from the quarry.Sand, sand, sand … For the sake of a handful of gold grains … Is gold worth such a hard, exhausting, crazy work ?! Let it lie forever in the ground, unknown to people. For me, it is not worth a broken copper penny. So I also stopped respecting those whom I call “gold-bearers” …

The employee sighed with relief: “That’s all!” Without waiting for an answer, she pulled the rings off her fingers and threw them into her purse. But, leaving, she noticed: “It’s a shame, Sergei Pavlovich, that you did not notice the person behind the” gold “, and left the office without saying goodbye.

Magadan – Vladivostok – Khabarovsk

Many were busy with the Kolyma prisoner. His mother Maria Nikolaevna, the famous pilots Mikhail Gromov and Valentina Grizodubova … Undoubtedly, their letters to the People’s Commissar Lavrentiy Beria played a role. But the question of saving Korolyov had already been agreed at the very top: Beria received permission from Stalin to review the affairs of defense specialists.

In November 1939, early in the morning, a guard entered the tent at the Maldyak mine, named the Queen and ordered to pack up.In the office of the camp chief he was told: “You will go to Moscow.”

Shocked by the news, already in the zone, Sergei Pavlovich cried for the first time in his life …

It took him several days to get to Magadan under escort. The delay in processing the documents led to the fact that I missed the last steamer to Vladivostok. Later he perceived this as a sign of fate. The steamer “Indigirka” sank off the coast of the Japanese island of Hokkaido during a storm on December 12. Only the passengers were saved; the prisoners locked in the holds were killed.On New Year’s Eve, Korolev still ended up in Vladivostok and was sent further along the stage to Khabarovsk. By that time, he had lost fourteen teeth, was swollen from scurvy and could barely walk. Half-corpse …

He was so bad that the head of the Khabarovsk shipment released him without an escort to the doctor’s office. She took a heartfelt part in the fate of an unknown z / k. I washed and bandaged my rotting legs with ulcers, provided vitamins and medicines. The next day she sent two basins of raw cabbage and beets to the prison – the best cure for scurvy…

Many years later, Sergei Pavlovich tried to find his savior, he was going to come to Khabarovsk. Did not have time. Only after the death of Korolyov, in the late 1960s, did Khabarovsk Komsomol members learn the doctor’s surname – Dneprovskaya …

Sharashka

Sergei Pavlovich reached Moscow only on February 28, 1940. On the distant approaches to the Yaroslavl station, a black crater was waiting for him. But at the Lubyanka they did not touch a finger. By a special meeting, the former prisoner was tried again and sentenced to eight years in prison, having received a referral to the Moscow special prison-sharashka TsKB29 of the NKVD (st.Radio) under the direction of w / c Andrey Tupolev.

Natalia Sergeevna recalled how her father was amazed at what he saw in a new place. In his (secret from guards) note, he happily shared his impressions of what he saw: beds under bike blankets, snow-white tablecloths in the dining room and bed linen with sheets! In addition, he had a separate bedside table with a table lamp, personal headphones with the ability to listen to the radio, newspapers and books. Three meals a day by order of Lavrenty Beria – at the restaurant level.The assortment of tobacco includes the Herzegovina Flor cigarettes, so beloved by the leader. After the camp ordeals, it seemed like a magical dream …

Many people knew Sergei Korolyov’s sharashka. And it is not surprising: at the age of 17, he became the author of the project of the K-5 non-engine aircraft, recommended for construction. Since 1926, while still a student at the Moscow Higher Technical School. Bauman, showed himself as a capable aircraft designer. Even in those serene years, Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev, only having met the student Korolev, agreed to supervise his thesis.

This is how, behind bars in the sharaga, the teacher and the student met. But this is another story about our great compatriot, who was not broken by the GULAG and paved the way for man to the stars.

Postscript

On March 16, 1966, the Chief Designer died after an unsuccessful cavity operation. Sergei Pavlovich’s mouth did not open wide enough, so they could not correctly insert the breathing tube into the trachea. One of the participants in the operation, the famous surgeon Boris Petrovsky, recalled that “he (Korolev.- Author) hid that his jaw was broken; he couldn’t open his mouth wide. While operating on people who have gone through the horrors of the repressions of the 30s, I have come across this phenomenon quite often. I have no doubts that during interrogations in 1938, the Queen’s jaw was broken. This circumstance prompted us to make a tracheotomy – an incision in the throat to insert a tube … “

Sergei Pavlovich was only 59 years old.

Announcement

In addition to the story about the fate of Sergei Korolyov, the April issue of Rodina publishes an interesting selection of codes of honor: rules and norms adopted in different communities – national, class, professional.You will get acquainted with the codes of an officer, sailor, merchant, duelist, doctor … Continuing the topic – an essay about the feat of pilots Boris Kapustin and Yuri Yanov, who in 1966 took the plane in distress away from the residential quarters of Berlin.

In the section “Cuisine of the Motherland” – the history of the primordially Russian drink – kvass, with the publication of many old recipes.