How can falls be prevented in the home. What are the main causes of falls among older adults. Which safety measures can reduce fall risks for seniors. How does exercise help prevent falls in older people. What role does proper nutrition play in fall prevention.

Understanding the Impact of Falls on Older Adults

Falls represent a significant health concern for older adults, with far-reaching consequences that extend beyond immediate physical injuries. In 2018-19, falls were identified as the leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations, accounting for a staggering 75% of hospital presentations among seniors. Nearly 53,000 emergency presentations and 44,000 hospitalizations were recorded for individuals over 65 years old due to falls.

The prevalence of falls among older adults is alarming, with estimates suggesting that at least one-third of people aged 65 years and over experience one or more falls annually. While not all falls result in severe injuries, they can lead to various health issues, including:

• Hip and wrist fractures
• Chest injuries, including rib fractures
• Hip and shoulder dislocations
• Head injuries and abrasions
• Bruising and sprains
• Fear of falling, resulting in loss of confidence and activity restriction

The impact of falls extends beyond physical injuries, often affecting an individual’s mental health and overall quality of life. Understanding the prevalence and consequences of falls is crucial in developing effective prevention strategies and promoting a safer environment for older adults.

Identifying Common Risk Factors for Falls in Seniors

As individuals age, various factors contribute to an increased risk of falling. Recognizing these risk factors is essential for implementing targeted prevention measures. Some of the primary contributors to fall risk in older adults include:

Age-Related Physical Changes

Natural aging processes can significantly impact an individual’s susceptibility to falls. These changes may include:

• Poor eyesight
• Slowed reaction time
• Cognitive decline
• Reduced sensation or numbness in lower limbs
• Weakening muscles and stiffening joints

Health-Related Factors

Certain health conditions and medications can increase the likelihood of falls. These include:

• New health problems
• Side effects from medications, especially when taking five or more
• Sensory issues, unsteadiness, and balance problems
• Insufficient physical activity
• Poor diet and inadequate hydration
• Low calcium levels, increasing fracture risk
• Foot problems or unsafe footwear

Environmental Hazards

The home environment can present numerous fall risks for older adults. Common hazards include:

• Trip or slip hazards like rugs or floor mats
• Uneven or wet surfaces
• Poor lighting at home or outside

Is there a correlation between short-term illnesses and fall risk? Yes, temporary conditions such as the flu, other infections, or recovery from surgery or a recent hospital stay can temporarily increase an individual’s risk of falling.

Implementing Effective Fall Prevention Strategies

Contrary to popular belief, falls are not an inevitable part of aging. Many falls can be prevented through a combination of lifestyle changes, environmental modifications, and proactive health management. Here are some key strategies to reduce fall risk:

Regular Health Check-ups

How often should older adults see their doctor for fall prevention? It’s crucial to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider if an individual feels unsteady or experiences a fall, even if it doesn’t result in injury. Falls can be indicators of underlying health issues, and early intervention is key to prevention.

Physical Activity and Exercise

Regular exercise plays a vital role in fall prevention. Engaging in activities that improve balance, strength, and flexibility can significantly reduce fall risk. Some effective options include:

• Home exercise programs
• Group exercise classes
• Tai Chi

These activities help maintain muscle strength, bone density, and overall physical function, contributing to better stability and reduced fall risk.

Proper Footwear

What characteristics should seniors look for in shoes to prevent falls? Ideal footwear for fall prevention should be:

• Comfortable and well-fitting
• Wide in the toe area
• Low-heeled or flat
• Equipped with slip-resistant soles

Nutrition and Hydration

A balanced diet and adequate hydration are essential for maintaining overall health and reducing fall risk. Ensuring sufficient calcium intake is particularly important, as it helps maintain bone strength and reduces the risk of fractures in case of a fall.

Enhancing Home Safety to Minimize Fall Risks

Creating a safe home environment is crucial in preventing falls among older adults. By implementing various safety measures and modifications, seniors can significantly reduce their risk of falling within their living spaces.

Improving Lighting

Proper lighting is essential for preventing falls, especially in areas prone to low visibility. Consider the following lighting improvements:

• Install good lighting, particularly between the bed and bathroom or toilet for nighttime use
• Replace light bulbs with CFL energy-efficient options of 12 watts or higher
• Use plug-in night-lights and motion-sensitive lights near stairs and bathrooms
• Reduce daytime glare through glass doors and windows with sheer blinds

Minimizing Tripping Hazards

How can seniors reduce tripping hazards in their homes? Follow these tips to create safer walkways:

• Remove clutter and ensure walkways and corridors are clear and well-lit
• Repair or replace carpets with worn areas, holes, or long threads
• Secure mats and rugs with adhesive strips, including those in the bathroom
• Wipe up spills immediately to prevent slipping

Furniture and Accessibility

Ensuring that furniture is stable and easily accessible can greatly reduce fall risk. Consider these recommendations:

• Use sturdy chairs and beds that are easy to get into and out of
• Opt for tables and benches without sharp corners
• Install grab rails in the bathroom (note that towel rails are usually not strong enough for this purpose)

Addressing Bathroom Safety Concerns

Bathrooms can be particularly hazardous for older adults due to slippery surfaces and the need for frequent transitions between standing and sitting. Implementing specific safety measures in this area is crucial for fall prevention.

Non-Slip Surfaces

How can seniors make their bathroom floors less slippery? Consider these options:

• Use non-slip mats in the shower or bathtub
• Apply non-slip strips or coatings to tile floors
• Keep floors dry and clean up any water spills immediately

Grab Bars and Support

Installing proper support structures in the bathroom can significantly reduce fall risk. Key areas for installation include:

• Next to the toilet
• In the shower or bathtub
• Near the sink

Ensure that grab bars are securely fastened to the wall and can support the full weight of an individual.

Maintaining Independence and Peace of Mind

While fall prevention is crucial, it’s equally important to maintain a sense of independence and confidence in older adults. Experiencing a fall does not necessarily mean a loss of independence. There are various tools and services available to help seniors maintain their autonomy while ensuring their safety.

Monitoring and Personal Alert Systems

What types of alert systems are available for seniors living alone? Several options can provide peace of mind for both older adults and their families:

• Wearable alert buttons or pendants
• Smart home monitoring systems
• Fall detection devices
• Mobile apps with emergency alert features

These systems allow seniors to call for help quickly in case of a fall or other emergency, providing a sense of security and independence.

Regular Check-ins and Social Support

Maintaining social connections and regular check-ins can play a significant role in fall prevention and overall well-being. Consider implementing the following strategies:

• Set up a daily check-in system with family members or neighbors
• Participate in community activities or senior centers to stay socially engaged
• Consider a buddy system with other seniors for mutual support and safety checks

The Role of Healthcare Professionals in Fall Prevention

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in fall prevention for older adults. Regular check-ups and consultations can help identify and address potential risk factors before they lead to falls.

Falls and Balance Clinics

Many public health services offer specialized falls and balance clinics. These clinics provide comprehensive assessments and interventions to address common causes of falls. Services may include:

• Gait and balance assessments
• Medication reviews
• Vision and hearing checks
• Personalized exercise programs
• Home safety evaluations

Medication Management

How can medication management contribute to fall prevention? Healthcare providers can help by:

• Reviewing and adjusting medications to minimize side effects that may increase fall risk
• Providing clear instructions on proper medication use and potential interactions
• Recommending alternative treatments or dosages when appropriate

Regular medication reviews are especially important for seniors taking multiple medications, as drug interactions can sometimes contribute to dizziness or balance issues.

Nutritional Guidance

Healthcare professionals can provide valuable advice on maintaining a balanced diet that supports bone health and overall well-being. This may include recommendations for:

• Calcium and vitamin D intake
• Proper hydration
• Protein consumption to support muscle strength
• Supplements or dietary changes to address specific nutritional needs

By working closely with healthcare providers, older adults can develop comprehensive fall prevention strategies tailored to their individual needs and risk factors.

Empowering Seniors Through Education and Awareness

Education plays a vital role in fall prevention among older adults. By increasing awareness of fall risks and prevention strategies, seniors can take proactive steps to maintain their safety and independence.

Fall Prevention Workshops

Community centers, senior living facilities, and healthcare organizations often offer fall prevention workshops. These educational sessions can cover various topics, including:

• Identifying common fall hazards
• Proper use of assistive devices
• Safe exercise techniques
• Home safety modifications
• The importance of regular health check-ups

Participating in these workshops can empower seniors with the knowledge and skills needed to reduce their fall risk effectively.

Technology and Fall Prevention

How can technology contribute to fall prevention efforts? Advances in technology have led to the development of various tools and applications designed to enhance senior safety:

• Smartphone apps that assess gait and balance
• Virtual reality systems for balance training
• Smart home devices that automate lighting and monitor movement
• Wearable devices that track activity levels and detect falls

Educating seniors on the availability and proper use of these technologies can provide additional layers of protection against falls.

Family and Caregiver Education

Involving family members and caregivers in fall prevention education is crucial. This can include:

• Training on how to assist with safe transfers and mobility
• Guidance on creating a safe home environment
• Information on recognizing early signs of balance issues or health problems
• Strategies for encouraging regular exercise and healthy habits

By educating the support network around older adults, a more comprehensive and effective fall prevention strategy can be implemented.

In conclusion, fall prevention for older adults requires a multifaceted approach that addresses physical health, environmental factors, and education. By implementing these strategies and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, seniors can significantly reduce their fall risk and maintain their independence and quality of life. Remember, falls are not an inevitable part of aging, and with the right precautions and support, older adults can continue to live active, fulfilling lives while minimizing their risk of fall-related injuries.

Preventing falls at home – Better Health Channel

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Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• Falls are a major cause of injury for older people.
• Falls include slips and trips.
• Falls may be an indicator of deteriorating health.
• Falls are preventable and injury can be minimised. Exercising can help maintain strength (muscle and bone) and balance.
• Taking precautions in and around the home can help you avoid falls and injuries from falls.
• Having a fall does not mean loss of independence. Monitoring or personal alert systems or services can help older people maintain their independence and provide peace of mind for older people and their families.

About falls

In 2018-19 falls were identified as the leading cause of injury-related hospitalisations, accounting for 3 out of 4 presentations to hospital. There were close to 53,000 emergency presentations and 44,000 hospitalisations for people over 65 years.

Around 3% of older Victorians were admitted to hospital as a result of a fall, with an annual increase of 4.4% in fall-related admissions. In that same year, 62% of those aged 65 years and over and admitted to hospital as a result of a fall were women.

Older people are almost 12 times more likely to have a fall than a motor vehicle or pedestrian accident.

Falls are common among older people

It is estimated that at least one-third of people aged 65 years and over fall one or more times a year. Although many of these falls do not result in injury, they can cause:

• hip and wrist fractures
• chest injuries including rib fractures
• hip and shoulder dislocations
• head injuries and abrasions
• bruising and sprains
• fear of falling that can result in loss of confidence and restriction of activities.

What causes people to fall

There are a number of factors that contribute to your risk of falling as you grow older, including:

• age-related changes in your body such as poor eyesight, slowed reaction time, cognitive loss and reduced sensation or numbness in lower limbs
• weakening muscles and stiffening joints
• new health problems
• side effects from your medication – especially if you are taking 5 or more medicines
• sensory, unsteadiness and balance problems
• not doing enough physical activity
• poor diet and not drinking enough water
• low calcium – increases the risk of having a fracture if you do fall
• sore feet or unsafe shoes
• trip or slip hazards like rugs or floor mats, uneven or wet surfaces and poor lighting at home or outside.

A short-term illness, such as the flu or another infection, or recovering from surgery or a recent hospital stay can also temporarily increase your risk of falling.

How to prevent falls

Contrary to popular belief, falls are not inevitable and many older people can be prevented from falling. Some risk factors for falls are relatively easy to change and, where falls occur, the severity of injuries can be reduced.

The first step is to ensure that if a person is feeling unsteady or has a fall, even one that does not cause an injury, an appointment is made to discuss this with a doctor. Falls can be an indicator of an underlying health problem. Falls and balance clinics are available at many public health services to address common causes of falls.

Avoiding falls

To avoid falls and injuries from falls:

• Take steps to improve safety in and around your home.
• Look after your health. Stay up to date with routine health checks, eat a healthy diet, and exercise to improve your balance, strength and flexibility. Try to stay activeExternal Link – home or group exercise programs and tai chiExternal Link are good options.
• Wear shoes that are comfortable and fit well – they should be wide enough in the toe area, have low or no heels, and have slip-resistant soles.

Improve safety inside

To increase safety in the home to reduce your risk of falling:

• Have good lighting, especially between the bed and the bathroom or toilet at night and near any internal steps. Replace light globes with CFL energy efficient light globes of 12 watts or higher. Use plug-in night-lights and have movement-sensitive lights near stairs and the bathroom. These lights are available from most hardware stores.
• Daytime glare through glass doors and windows can be reduced with sheer blinds.
• Remove clutter and make sure walkways and corridors are kept clear and well lit.
• Repair or replace carpets with worn areas, holes or long threads.
• Check that mats and rugs are secure and have no tears or wrinkles. Put adhesive strips on all mats and rugs, including those in the bathroom.
• Make sure that chairs and beds are sturdy and easy to get into and out of, and that tables and benches do not have sharp corners.
• Wipe up spills immediately.
• Install grab rails in the bathroom (towel rails are not usually strong enough to use as grab rails). Bathroom tiles can be slippery, especially when wet. Cover these areas with a non-slip material or treatments.
• Avoid having highly polished floorboards.
• Install support rails near steps if there is no hand rail.
• To reduce the risk of falling in an emergency, make sure your house has smoke alarms in working order and a fire blanket or extinguisher that is easy to reach.
• Avoid wearing clothing that is too long or touching the floor, as this can cause you to trip over (for example, your dressing gown).
• Do not wear socks or loose slippers around the home.
• Ask an occupational therapist about ways to make your home safer.

Improve safety outside

To increase safety outside the home to reduce your risk of falling:

• Clear away garden tools.
• Avoid using ladders, or ask someone for assistance if you need to access something at height (for example reaching to a high shelf in the pantry, or changing a light bulb).
• Remove leaves, mosses, fungi and lichen that make garden paths slippery when wet.
• Mark the leading edge of outside steps (for example, with white paint) so they are easy to see.
• Install grab rails next to steps that do not have hand rails.
• Make sure outside steps are well lit.
• Keep paths well swept.
• Repair broken, uneven or cracked paths, patios and other walking surfaces.
• Report cracked footpaths to your local council.
• Wear sunglasses and a hat to reduce sun glare.

Stay healthy

To maximise your physical wellbeing and reduce your risk of falls:

• Talk to your doctor or other health professionals about:
  • your diet
  • managing your medicationsExternal Link (including non-prescription ones)
  • ways to manage chronic medical conditions, including dizzinessExternal Link and incontinenceExternal Link.

• Have your eyes testedExternal Link annually.
• Visit your podiatristExternal Link regularly to minimise foot problems.
• Wear shoes that are comfortable and fit well – they should be wide enough in the toe area, have low or no heels and have slip-resistant soles.
• Consider wearing hip protectors or limb protectors to help prevent hip fracture and skin tears in the event of a fall.
• Make sure your vitamin D levels are enough for strong bones and muscles
• Eat a healthy diet and drink plenty of fluids.
• Get active. Research shows that exercise at any age is beneficial.

Physical activity

The more active you are the better your chance of keeping your muscles strong and joints flexible.

To avoid falls and injuries from falls, exercise to maintain or improve your balance, strength and flexibility. Home or group exercise programs and tai chi are good examples. Or you could join a walking groupExternal Link or your local gym – some of which have programs specially tailored for older people. Many local councils support local walking and activity programs.

Check with your GP before starting a physical activity programExternal Link. A physiotherapistExternal Link can help design an exercise program that suits you.

Don’t fall for it – Falls can be prevented!: A guide for preventing falls for older peopleExternal Link is a handy resource that you can use to reduce your risk of falling.

What to do if you fall at home

If you happen to have a fall at home

• Don’t panic – stay still for a few minutes and try to calm down.
• Call for help if you can.
• Dial triple zero (000) for emergency services or call your local doctor for help – keep your telephone in easy reach of the floor, for instance on a low table.
• Decide whether you can get up yourself.

If you can get up by yourself

• Roll over onto your stomach and try to get into a crawling position.
• Crawl to a stable piece of furniture, like a lounge chair.
• Try to get up onto your knees.
• Push up, using your strongest leg and arms, still firmly holding onto the furniture.
• Sit down on the furniture.

See your doctor to check for injuries and to assess whether there was a medical cause for the fall.

If you can’t get up by yourself

• Try to crawl or drag yourself to somewhere on carpet and find anything that can keep you warm, such as bedclothes, a towel or clothing, while you wait for help.
• Use your personal alarmExternal Link, if you have one.
• If you don’t have a personal alarm, use an object that you can bang to make a loud noise, like a walking stick against the wall, to alert a neighbour.
• If you know no one will hear you, keep warm and try to get up again later.

See your doctor to check for injuries and to assess whether there was a medical cause for the fall.

Where to get help

• In an emergency, always call triple zero (000)
• Your GP (doctor)
• Local community health services
• Victorian Falls and Balance Service DirectoryExternal Link – find a Victorian falls and balance service near you
• My Aged CareExternal Link Tel. 1800 200 422
• Carers AustraliaExternal LinkTel. 1800 422 737
• COTAExternal Link Tel. (03) 9655 2100
• Independent Living Centre VictoriaExternal Link Tel. 1300 885 886

• Don’t fall for it – Falls can be prevented!: A guide for preventing falls for older peopleExternal Link, Department of Health, Australian Government.
• Unintentional hospital treated injury Victoria 2018-19External Link, 2020, Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit, Monash University.
• Victorian admitted episodes dataset – Public hospital admissions due to injury (VAED)External Link, Accident Research Centre, Monash University.

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Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 10-03-2022

15 Basic Tips to Prevent Falls at Home

Are you worried about your risk of falling as you get older? According to the CDC, most falls happen at home. ¹ Over 29 million falls are incurred by older Americans every year.² But simple steps can be taken to make your house safer to help prevent falls.

15 Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Slips and Falls

1. Look for fall hazards and remove them.

• Clean up clutter around your home. Pick up any objects you might trip over including papers, books, shoes, boxes, and other items.
• Always keep your stairs clear of any objects.
• Fix any loose or uneven steps or floorboards.
• Remove any rugs or make sure they are firmly taped down.
• Walk around and make sure there aren’t any objects or furniture (like coffee tables) that block a clear path throughout your home.
• Tape or coil any extension, phone, charging, or electronic cords near the wall.

2. Add adequate lighting.

• Make sure you have enough lighting throughout your home.
• Add brighter bulbs in stairways and hallways.
• Add nightlights in your bedroom and bathrooms to guide you if you need to get up at night.

3. Wear clothes that fit properly.

• Make sure your pants are hemmed properly so they don’t drag on the ground. Don’t wear long bathrobes either, so you don’t trip.

4. Wear shoes all day.

• Socks may be comfy, but they can also be slippery. Wearing sensible shoes with non-skid soles can reduce your risk of falls.
• Avoid high heels, slippers, and shoes with slippery soles.
• If you really prefer socks, wear socks with non-slip treads.

5. Live in a one-level home.

• Stairs can be a major tripping hazard. If possible, live in a home where everything is on one level.
• If you need to use the stairs, be careful and try to limit how many trips you take up and down them each day.

6. Move carefully and get up slowly.

• Take your time when you transition from lying down to sitting up and from sitting up to standing.
• Also be careful when navigating the stairs. Use the railing and go slowly. Be especially careful when carrying other items.

7. Use mobility devices.

• Talk with your doctor about whether you would benefit from using a mobility aid. A cane, walker, rollator, or Roami Progressive Mobility Aid can provide support and keep you steady and on your feet.

8. Stay physically active.

• Regular exercise keeps your muscles strong and helps you stay flexible.
• Go for a walk, take a water aerobics class, or do some exercises with a resistance band.
• Strength and balance exercises can help build confidence and reduce your risk of falls.
• If you’re living in an independent living or assisted living facility, check to see if they offer free fitness classes.

9. Have your eyes checked.

• Get a check up from an eye doctor at least once a year to see if you need glasses or need to update your prescription.
• When you get new glasses or contacts, take the time to get used to them.
• Bifocal and progressive lenses can make things appear closer or further away than they really are. Having a pair of glasses with only your distance prescription can help prevent falls when you’re walking or doing outdoor activities.

10. Go over your medication list with your doctor.

• Some medications have side effects that increase your risk of a fall, including dizziness, lightheadedness, or sleepiness.
• Make sure you tell your doctor all of the medications you are taking, including both prescription and over-the-counter drugs (OTCs). The interactions between the different meds can also increase your fall risk.

11. Get enough sleep.

• Make sure you get enough sleep. Adults require seven to nine hours of sleep a night and if you’re sleepy you might be more prone to falling.³
• A comfortable, supportive pillow and soothing lavender essential oil can make it easier for you to fall and stay asleep.

12. Add a grab rail and other fall prevention products to your home.

• Install a grab bar near the shower or tub, toilet, and stairs to give you a sturdy handhold.
• A non-slip bath mat or shower chair can reduce your risk of slips and falls.
• Check out more fall prevention products to add to your home.

13. Paint a contrasting color on your stairs.

• Missing the edge of a step can set you up for a nasty fall. Painting a contrasting color on the top edge of all of your steps (for example, you could use white paint on dark wood) will allow you to see the stairs better.

14. Be careful when walking on slippery surfaces.

• Winter is not nice when it comes to slippery ice. Make sure your driveway and sidewalk are shoveled and salted to avoid falls on snow and ice.
• Winter months bring an increased fall risk. One way to stay safe is to use an ice cane attachment to give you extra grip on icy areas.

15. Wear a medical alert necklace so you can call 911 if you fall.

• While your goal is to prevent falls, accidents happen. It’s important to be prepared in case you do fall. Get up slowly, asking for assistance if needed.
• A Guardian Alert 911 can be worn as a necklace, clipped to a belt, or kept in your pocket. With a simple press of a button, you can call 911 and get the help you need if you can’t get up from a fall.

Follow these steps to help prevent falls at home. Then, learn more about fall prevention so you stay safe from slips and falls!

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Aging Without Injury. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2VP2Z3k
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Falls Are the Leading Cause of Injury and Death in Older Americans. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2mjZik6
3. National Sleep Foundation. (n.d.). Why you get less shut-eye as you age—and whether or not that’s a good thing. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2YDb6SV

Medical Disclaimer: The information provided on this site, including text, graphics, images and other material, are for informational purposes only and are not intended to substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other healthcare professional with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.

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Tips for preventing injuries and fractures in the elderly

Contents

• 1 Preventing injuries and fractures in the elderly
  • 1.1 Do not leave things on the floor
  • 1.2 Set up helpers to prevent the elderly from falling

  900 05 1.3 Do not wear hard-to-remove shoes in the house

  • 1. 4 Fix the mats on the stairs
  • 1.5 Install the railings on the stairs and in the bathroom
  • 1.6 Use heated mats
  • 1.7 Ventilate the house to avoid falling on the ice
  • 1.8 Exercise your balance by playing sports
  • 1.9 Organize the light in your house
  • 1.10 Use sponges to avoid slipping in the shower
  • 1.11 Pay attention to the quality of the furniture
  • 1.12 Attach curtains to the windows 90 008
  • 1.13 Organize your home
  • 1.14 Help the elderly to avoid falling
  • 1.15 Warn the elderly of danger
  • 1.16 Use water alarms
  • 1.17 Arrange for professional medical examinations
  • 1.18 Related videos:
  • 1.19 Q&A:
    • • 1.19.0.1 What factors can increase the risk of falls and injuries in older people?
      • 1.19.0.2 What simple steps can help prevent falls?
      • 1.19.0.3 What exercises can help strengthen muscles, improve coordination and reduce the risk of falling?
      • 1. 19.0.4 Are there special precautions to be taken in the shower or bath to avoid injury?
      • 1.19.0.5 How might medicines affect the risk of falls and injury in the elderly?
      • 1.19.0.6 How can bones be protected and fractures prevented?
      • 1.19.0.7 What kind of care can help the elderly to avoid falls and injuries?

Learn how to prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly. Tips for home safety, exercise and diet to strengthen bones. Maintain health and mobility for years to come.

Old age is not only a time when we enjoy a well-deserved rest and enjoy life. This is also the period when our body becomes more vulnerable and prone to various diseases and injuries. This is especially true for older people who are becoming less mobile and active.

Injuries and fractures in the elderly are a serious problem that can lead to limited life activity and even disability. However, many of these injuries can be prevented if certain precautions are taken. In this article, we will talk about the most important tips that will help you and your loved ones avoid trouble and stay healthy.

First of all, it is important to understand that most injuries and fractures in the elderly occur at home. Therefore, the main task is to ensure safety and comfort in the house. This can be achieved through the installation of special devices, the use of proper footwear and clothing, and the observance of basic safety rules.

Do not leave things on the floor

There is nothing more dangerous for the elderly than things lying on the floor. This can lead not only to injuries and fractures, but also to painful bruises and inconvenience. Ask yourself: “How often do you leave things on the floor?”

Elderly people may have poor vision and balance problems, making them more prone to falls. Things lying on the floor can become a trap for them, which can lead to serious damage to health.

To prevent injury, it is recommended that you always be careful where you leave your belongings. Remember that even small items can become dangerous for the elderly. If you really need to put something on the floor, make sure you don’t forget about it and pick it up as quickly as possible. Avoid unnecessary risks for older people.

You can also help your relatives and friends by educating them about the problem and making them look at their habits. Make them feel that the floor is like a minefield, unpredictable and dangerous. Knowing this will help them avoid injuries and fractures in the future.

Install helpers to keep the elderly from falling

Many elderly people have problems with balance and coordination, which can lead to falls and serious injury. If you’re caring for elderly relatives or friends, be sure to install helpers to help keep them from falling.

Helpers can be different, depending on the specific situation. Some older people need constant supervision and assistance, while others can get by with easier means. Here are some simple tips to help protect older people from falls:

• Make sure the home where the older person lives is safe and well lit. Remove all obstacles from the road so that there is no where to stumble.
• If an elderly person has problems with balance, install a special support stick that will stay in one place and can be easily manipulated if necessary.
• If an elderly person needs constant supervision and assistance, hire a professional carer or make sure that you and other relatives are close to him.
• Finally, don’t forget that exercising can help older people strengthen their muscles and improve their balance. Make sure your relative or friend is under the guidance of an experienced instructor or coach.

Installing assistants is one of the most effective ways to prevent falls and injuries in the elderly. Regardless of which method you choose, the main thing is not to leave them unattended, and be ready to help at any time.

Do not wear hard-to-remove shoes in the house

To prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly, it is necessary to remember many nuances in everyday life. One of these nuances is the right choice of shoes.

When entering the house, many people continue to wear their outdoor shoes, which can cause injuries and fractures, especially in older people. Such shoes can slide on smooth surfaces, the presence of a heel increases the risk of falls and injuries.

Experts recommend wearing comfortable shoes with soft soles and flats at home. This will help to avoid many troubles and keep the elderly healthy.

If you’re worried about the wear and tear of your old street shoes, buy a special pair of indoor slippers made from natural materials. Such shoes do not damage the floor surface and help to maintain a cozy atmosphere in the house.

Don’t forget that preventing injuries and fractures in the elderly starts with little things, and the choice of shoes for the house is one of them.

Fix Stair Mats

Stairs are one of the most dangerous places for the elderly. For their safety, some precautions must be taken to prevent falls and injury. Installing stair mats is one of the essential steps.

Why install stair mats? They create extra grip between the step and the person’s foot, preventing slips and falls. It is important to choose rugs with an anti-slip surface that will be well fixed on the steps.

It is equally important that the stair mats are correctly fixed. To do this, you can use double-sided tape or special adhesive tapes. But it is best to fix the mats with metal clips. They will hold the mats in place more securely.

If you decide to install stair mats, remember that they need to be cleaned regularly. After all, dirty and dusty rugs can cause falls and injury.

In summary, installing stair mats is an important step in preventing injuries and fractures in the elderly. Do not neglect this security measure, because it can save the life or health of your loved ones.

Install stair and bathroom railings

Stair and bathroom railings are an absolute must for the elderly. Every year, thousands of older people are injured and broken by falling in the bathroom or on the stairs. By installing railings, you can significantly reduce the risk of injuries and fractures in the elderly.

Handrails must be installed on both sides of the stairs, not just one. If the staircase cannot be equipped with railings due to its design, handrails should be installed on the walls.

In the bathroom, the railing should be installed on the wall along the installed bath, as well as on the walls inside showers or baths with a door. Railings should also be installed on the sides of the toilet to make it easier to get up and down.

• Railings must be secure and strong
• Make sure railings are set high enough to be comfortable to use
• Railings should be lit at night so people can safely use them later in the day

Railings are easy to install and not worth the cost save on the safety of the elderly. Taking care of the safety of your loved ones is a top priority, especially when it comes to older people.

Use heated mats

Heated mats can be helpful for older people who often suffer from cold feet and improve circulation. Warm feet can increase overall comfort and reduce the risk of falls.

However, precautions must be taken when using heated mats. Your elderly relative must be able to control the temperature and duration of use to avoid burns or other injury.

When choosing heated mats, consider power, material and dimensions. It is recommended to choose a power of no more than 50 watts to avoid overheating. Materials must be safe and free of toxic elements. Finally, you must choose an appropriately sized heated mat to ensure even heat distribution over the entire surface.

In general, the use of heated mats can help prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly, but care must be taken when using them.

Ventilate your home to avoid falling on ice

One of the most important steps to prevent falls in the elderly is to keep your home safe. One of the main factors affecting the safety of the elderly in their home is the comfortable temperature and humidity in the room.

In the cold season, especially in northern latitudes, the streets are often covered with ice. This increases the likelihood of injuries associated with a fall, not only outside the home, but also indoors. To avoid injuries and fractures in the elderly, it is necessary to regularly ventilate the house to avoid moisture condensation and ice formation on the floor.

Also remember to securely close doors and windows so that the inside air does not get cold. Monitor the temperature and humidity levels in your apartment. The optimum temperature for housing with the elderly is about 22 degrees Celsius, the humidity level is about 50%.

Cleaning stairs and entryways is also important. Provide a favorable environment for your loved ones and protect them from unintentional injury.

Train your balance with sports

One of the most important ways to prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly is to exercise balance through sports.

Age can lead to loss of stability and coordination, which can reduce balance. However, regular exercise that focuses on flexibility, coordination, and muscle strengthening will help maintain balance and reduce the chance of falling.

A good way to train balance is yoga, dance and Pilates at an older age. They can strengthen the muscles in the legs, core, and flanks, which, when combined with stretching, will improve balance.

In addition, there are a number of balance exercises that can be done during daily activities such as standing in line or brushing your teeth. This may include standing on one leg, lifting up on your toes, and shifting your body weight from one foot to the other.

Thus, balance training is an important aspect of maintaining the health of the elderly population and reducing the risk of injury and fracture. Regular exercise and simple exercise can have a noticeable positive effect.

Organize the light in the house

One of the ways to prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly is to properly organize the light in the house.

Make sure there is enough light in each room. Poor lighting can cause people to stumble and fall.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that the lamps should be installed in the right places – in the corridors, at the entrance to the bathroom, at the stairs.

It is recommended to use LED bulbs, which use less energy and last longer. You can also install circuit breakers.

For more comfortable use, you can use table lamps with a flexible stem so that you can choose the direction of the light.

Don’t forget to properly organize the street lighting – install lamps at the entrance to the house to make it easier to distinguish between steps and obstacles on the way.

Light is an important aspect of the safety of the elderly in the home. Good lighting can greatly reduce the chance of injury and fracture.

Use sponges to avoid slipping in the shower

One of the most dangerous moments for older people is taking a shower. Careless movement can lead to injuries and fractures. To prevent slipping in the shower, it is recommended to use special sponges. They allow you to stay on your feet and avoid accidents.

These sponges are available from specialist shops. They are soft rugs that are put on in the shower. You can also use terry mats or antibacterial shower mats.

Do not forget that every accident can lead to serious consequences. To avoid injuries and fractures, older people should listen to the recommendations of specialists and use all necessary precautions. Sponges in the shower are a simple yet highly effective way to avoid slipping and protect yourself from injury.

• Never shower if you feel dizzy or tired.
• It is important to choose the right slippers and hygiene products to avoid slipping in bathrooms and showers.
• It is imperative to involve qualified medical professionals in the care of older people.

Pay attention to the quality of furniture

Age changes not only affect the state of health, but also the ability to maintain balance and quickly respond to possible dangers, including falls and injuries. However, the quality of the furniture older people sit and lie on can also play an important role in preventing injury.

If you care about the well-being of an elderly person, pay attention to the quality of the furniture. Elderly people should use furniture that is durable and comfortable. For example, seats should be supportive and safe, free of sharp corners and drafts, and beds should be well supported and padded to prevent damage in the event of a fall.

In addition, it is preferable to choose furniture with certain functionalities that can improve the quality of life of the elderly. For example, wheelchairs help you get around easier with the help of wheels and a padded headrest.

It is important to understand that weakness and changes in body size and shape can affect an older person’s ability to balance, and furniture can be a source of support. However, care must be taken to ensure that the furniture does not interfere with movement and does not create additional obstacles that can lead to injuries and fractures.

• Choose furniture that is durable and comfortable to use.
• It is preferable to choose furniture with certain functionality.
• Elderly people may need furniture that helps them to keep their balance and not create additional obstacles.

Attach curtains to windows

Elderly people may forget to close windows or ignore open sashes, which can lead to falls and serious injury. To prevent such situations, it is recommended to install curtains on the windows and fix them if possible, especially if there is a small difference in height between the premises and the street.

Ensure cords for raising and lowering curtains and blinds are in good condition and securely fastened to prevent loosening or breaking. Curtains can also be used to block out direct sunlight, which can help prevent overheating in hot weather and reduce the overall risk of heat stroke in older adults.

• Periodically check curtains for weaknesses and wear, replace if necessary.
• Choose curtains made from soft, lightweight fabrics that won’t hurt even in strong winds or air movement.

Be vigilant and caring to protect those who depend on you from serious injury in your home environment. Installing curtains on your windows is a simple yet effective measure that can greatly improve the overall security of your home.

Organize the space in the house

To prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly, it is necessary to organize a safe space in the house. The following tips will help reduce the risk of falls and other accidents:

• Leave room for movement in every room, especially in hallways and stairs.
• Remove any unnecessary items from the shelf or table to avoid tripping.
• Purchase bath mats with a rubber base to avoid slipping when getting out of the bath or shower.
• Install holding handles in the bathroom, toilet and shower.
• Install motion detectors or night lights to avoid darkness in the oven or other rooms at night.
• Make door sills less visible and level with the floor to prevent tripping.

The most important thing is a retrospective look at the apartment in the eyes of the elderly, as well as visitors a close look at the listed elements, perhaps something will pass you by, but after analyzing the apartment, you can make sure the space is safe.

Help older people avoid falls

Falls are a major cause of injury and fracture in older people, so helping them prevent falls is essential.

There are many ways to help older people avoid falling. It is important that their surroundings are safe and convenient for movement. Make sure there are no objects around that they could trip on or that could impede their movement.

For longer distances, use a mobility aid such as a cane or crutches. Make sure they are correctly used and fit well in size and proportion.

If an elderly person already has problems with walking, it is recommended to place restrictions on their movement. For example, turning off the ladder so he doesn’t risk falling, or removing carpet that could cause him to trip.

Show care and attention to the elderly, ask if they need help and check if everything is OK in their environment. All this will help them avoid falls and maintain health.

Warn older people of possible dangers

Emphasize the dangers of places and activities that may pose a risk to older people. For example, wet floors and hard-to-reach places can be dangerous for those with limited mobility or poorer vision. It is also important to warn them that dangers may lurk where they are not normally expected, such as using new appliances or taking new medications.

Be aware that many older people do not have the ability to read or understand package labels and comments on new instruments. Even when they understand what is written, they may not realize how much it can affect their condition. It is important to pay attention to all these points and help older people understand their environment and actions.

• Explain how to use the new items
• Make sure all safety precautions are in place
• Help set up alarms to prevent falls and other accidents
• Tell us what to do in an emergency

Remember that prevention is the key to a safe and healthy lifestyle for older people. Be considerate and far-sighted, and help them maintain independence and comfort in their lives.

Use water alarms

Older people often find it difficult to keep track of all the problems in their home, including water leaks that can lead to dangerous falls and injury. It is important to install water leak detectors that can help prevent these problems.

Water leak detectors work by means of sensors that are placed in areas prone to leaks, such as the bathroom, kitchen or washing machine. If a leak occurs, the sensor is activated and sends out a signal that will alert the owners of their home about these problems.

The benefits of water alarms

• Reduce the risk of falls and injury.
• Prevent damage to your home and furniture.
• Reduced repair costs after a leak.

How to Install a Water Alarm

1. Choose the device that suits your budget and needs.
2. Locate sensors in areas prone to leakage.
3. Connect the sensors to the main unit.
4. Set up the device according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
5. Check the operation of the water leak detector regularly.

Conclusion

The use of water alarms is an effective measure to prevent injuries and fractures in the elderly, as well as damage to the home and furniture. By installing this device, you can be calm and confident in your safety in your home.

Arrange for professional medical examinations

Professional medical examinations are an important step in preventing injuries and fractures in the elderly. During the examination, the doctor may look for diseases that can lead to poor coordination and falls, or check for osteoporosis, which is a leading cause of fractures in older people.

Many insurance companies provide these services, as well as community organizations or health centers. Doctors can also give advice on strengthening muscle mass and improving balance.

Regular professional medical check-ups can help identify problems early and prevent injuries, bad falls, and fractures. It can also help avoid long-term health problems and improve the quality of life of older adults.

• Contact your doctor and ask what medical check-ups you need;
• Check your insurance company and see what services they provide;
• If necessary, contact a health center or community organization that provides these services.

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Q&A:

What factors can increase the risk of falls and injury in the elderly?

Factors that can increase the risk of falls and injury in the elderly include visual and hearing impairment, poor coordination, limited mobility, medications taken, changes in health status, lack of adequate equipment for personal care and household tasks, inadequate lighting and unsafe environment.

What simple steps can help prevent falls?

Simple measures that can help prevent falls include regular exercise, proper footwear, removable handles and handrails, keeping the home clean and tidy, removing objects that could become an obstacle, turning on adequate lighting, and installing automatic nightlights .

What exercises can help strengthen muscles, improve coordination and reduce the risk of falling?

Exercises that can help strengthen muscles, improve coordination, and reduce the risk of falling include balance exercises, flexibility exercises, power exercises, aerobic exercises, and dancing.

Are there any special precautions that must be taken in the shower or bath to avoid injury?

To avoid injury in the shower or bath, use anti-slip mats and wall handles to prevent falls. It is also recommended to use a shower chair when necessary to avoid fatigue and slumps.

How might medicines affect the risk of falls and injuries in older people?

Some medicines, including those used to treat hypertension, depression, insomnia, and other conditions, may impair coordination or decrease reaction time. Make sure you know the side effects of your medications and, if necessary, contact your doctor to consider changing your medication or dosage.

How can bones be protected and fractures prevented?

To protect bones and prevent fractures, you should eat enough calcium, which is included in foods such as milk, yogurt and cheese, as well as foods containing vitamin D, including oily fish, egg yolk and some dairy products. In addition, tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption, and exercise such as running or jumping should be avoided if there is a risk of falling.

What kind of care can help the elderly to avoid falls and injuries?

Elderly or people with limited mobility may benefit from additional help with home care, including installation of home medical equipment, fitness studio visits, or yoga classes. It is also possible to exchange experiences and collaborate with other older people or groups to maintain a relaxed lifestyle and receive additional health-related information and support.

Prevention of falls

The World Health Organization estimates that a third of all people over 65 years of age fall annually, more than half of them repeatedly.

Chief Nurse of GAUZ TO “Regional Treatment and Rehabilitation Center” Shevchenko Oksana Sergeevna gave a lecture for employees and patients of our Center on the organization of prevention of falls in medical institutions, risk factors and protection against falls, as well as preventive measures.

The incidence of falls syndrome increases with age from 30% in patients aged 65 years to 50% among those aged 80 years and older in those living at home, reaching 60% in those living in nursing homes. Approximately 10-15% of falls result in serious injuries such as head injuries or hip fractures, 20-30% are injured resulting in reduced mobility and functional status. Falls are the fifth leading cause of death in the elderly.

❗Risk factors:
Identifies the risk factors for falls and the protective factors that reduce this risk. This approach defines a population strategy for reducing the risk of falls and their consequences, which should be aimed at combating risk factors and strengthening protective factors.
The World Health Organization identifies 4 groups of risk factors for falls:

1. Biological, behavioral, environmental and socio-economic. Biological risk factors include individual problems of the state of the human body. These factors can be non-modifiable (age, female sex, dementia) and potentially modifiable. The latter include changes associated with aging (decreased vision, hearing, decreased muscle strength, urinary incontinence, gait disturbances due to changes in the musculoskeletal system, central and peripheral nervous system, etc.), decreased physical functioning, predemented cognitive disorders, multiple chronic diseases, taking a large number of drugs (polypharmacy). Biological factors interact with other risk factors for falls.

2. Behavioral risk factors include factors associated with a person’s lifestyle: excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity. These risk factors are potentially modifiable when strategies are applied to change a person’s behavior and lifestyle. Environmental risk factors for falls create the conditions for falls, especially in people who have biological and behavioral risk factors for falls.

3. This group of factors includes unsafe living and outdoor spaces: narrow steps, slippery floor surfaces, lack of handrails, insufficient lighting in the apartment or house, features of the building layout, potholes on the sidewalk, etc.

4. Socio-economic risk factors for falls are associated with the social conditions of life and the economic status of a person, his social interactions (living alone increases the risk of falls and their adverse outcomes), insufficient social support, limited availability of means for an elderly person to adapt to the environment.

❗Key fall protection factors

Includes providing an accessible and safe environment. Behavioral change is a key component of healthy aging and fall prevention.
✅ Stop smoking;
✅ Moderation in alcohol consumption;
✅Maintenance of normal body weight in periods of middle and old age;
✅Exercise helps prevent falls.

The problem of falls is exacerbated by the lack of awareness among older people and their relatives (caregivers) about the risks of falls and the possibilities for preventing them.

Many older people and their families do not perceive falls (especially without injury) as an important problem and do not inform the doctor about them.

Doctors in many specialties, focused on the treatment of the “profile” disease, are inert in identifying falls and assessing their risk in patients of older age groups.

Ensuring an accessible and safe environment and improving the safety of living conditions To reduce the risk of falls, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to ensure an accessible and safe environment, including in accordance with the Accessible Environment program (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01.