Gallbladder Diet: Foods for Gallbladder Problems

Most people never give a thought to the health of their gallbladder. The pear-shaped organ does have an important job, collecting and storing bile — the fluid that helps the body digest fats. But unlike the heart, liver, and kidneys, the gallbladder isn’t necessary to keep the body healthy and functioning. Even when it isn’t working as well as it should and gallstones develop, most people are unaware that there is a problem.

Yet in a small percentage of people, gallstones can trigger a variety of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. When gallstone symptoms are frequent, recurrent, and especially uncomfortable, the typical treatment is surgery to remove the gallbladder.

“The majority of people with gallstones never develop symptoms their whole lives,” says John Martin, MD, associate professor of medicine and surgery, and director of endoscopy at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “Once you start to develop symptoms, you’re going to need to have the gallbladder taken out.”

Although diet doesn’t directly cause gallbladder problems — and it won’t cure them — watching what you eat and keeping a healthy weight might help you prevent gallstones from forming and avoid some discomfort if you do develop gallstones.

Diet and Gallstone Risk

A number of risk factors contribute to the formation of gallstones, including a family history of gallstones and gender. Women are twice as likely as men to develop them. Body weight is also a factor; the risk of gallstones is higher in people who are overweight and obese.

Diets that are high in fat and cholesterol and low in fiber appear to play a role. “There’s a lot of things you can’t change in that list, but you can certainly influence your diet,” says F. Taylor Wootton III, MD, clinical counselor, associate professor of internal medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical School, and a member of the American Gastroenterological Association governing board.

If you’re overweight, try to lose the extra weight; but do it gradually. There is a link between quick weight loss and gallstone formation. Crash or “yo-yo” diets can cause the liver to release more cholesterol into the bile, disrupting the normal balance of cholesterol and bile salts. That extra cholesterol can form into crystals, leading to gallstones, Wootton says.

Healthy Foods for the Gallbladder

Whether or not you are at risk for gallstones, it’s always a good idea to keep your body at a healthy weight and eat a diet that is low in fat and cholesterol, moderate in calories, and high in fiber.

All of the following are healthy foods for your gallbladder, as well as the rest of your body:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains (whole-wheat bread, brown rice, oats, bran cereal)
• Lean meat, poultry, and fish
• Low-fat dairy products

Certain foods have been studied for their potential to prevent gallbladder problems or reduce symptoms. For example, some research has indicated that drinking caffeinated coffee lowers the risk of gallstones in both men and women. Drinking moderate amounts of alcohol has also been linked to a reduced incidence of gallstones. In one study, women who ate at least one serving of peanuts a day had a 20% lower chance of having their gallbladder removed compared to women who rarely ate peanuts or peanut butter.

However, keep in mind the evidence is far too preliminary at this time to recommend any of these foods solely for the purpose of preventing gallbladder problems.

Foods to Avoid With Gallbladder Problems

Researchers say many gallbladder symptoms stem from the modern Western diet, which is high in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats. “If you’re having symptoms from gallstones, it’s because as your gallbladder tries to squeeze, some of the gallstone is blocking the outflow of bile that is stored in your gallbladder,” Martin says. “You’re squeezing against a closed door, and that’s why it hurts. If you eat fatty foods, that makes it squeeze more.”

Changing your diet won’t get rid of gallstones that are already there, but eating a healthy, balanced variety of nutrients and limiting the amount of saturated fats and cholesterol-heavy foods you eat may help ease your symptoms.

Try to avoid or limit these high-fat foods in your diet:

• Fried foods
• Highly processed foods (doughnuts, pie, cookies)
• Whole-milk dairy products (cheese, ice cream, butter)
• Fatty red meat

Also steer clear of very low-calorie diets. If you are overweight, aim for a gradual weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds a week by sticking to a healthy, well-balanced diet and getting regular exercise. Always diet under your doctor’s supervision.

If you continue to have symptoms, see your doctor. You may need surgery to have your gallbladder removed.

Can you get gallstones as a child or teenager?

Thomas H. Lewis, an American surgeon, wrote for Brattleboro Memorial hospital saying ‘Patients showing symptoms of gallbladder disease are younger than they ever were before. Gallstones can appear in a person of any age, but the average age when they became a problem used to be when a person reached his or her forties, fifties or sixties. Now, patients with symptomatic gallstones tend to be in their thirties or forties. I’ve even had to remove gallbladders from teenagers. Something is going on.’

I should know, it happened to me

When I was at university I was diagnosed with gallstones, luckily for me my diagnosis was prompt. Unfortunately, though, people showing symptoms of gallstones but without matching the ‘fair, fat and 40’ stereotype are often misdiagnosed.

Georgia was in her early 20’s when she first started getting symptoms…

“I had been suffering with terrible stomach pains that occurred every couple of weeks or so as a very painful attack. I had visited my doctor’s surgery on several occasions, and they felt that the symptoms, along with my age and weight (being under 30 and fairly slim) indicated that I probably had a stomach ulcer. After six months of stomach ulcer treatment, I was finally given an ultrasound scan, and it was confirmed that gallstones had been causing me such problems.”

Summer crunch salad

Crunchy summer salad of green beans, juicy tomatoes, sliced mushrooms, fresh herbs, and parmesan…

Risk factor – being a woman

What doesn’t seem to be highlighted to the public is that women are at a significantly higher risk of developing this condition. A study found that women across the globe are twice as likely to develop gallstones as men. This is because gallstones are usually formed from cholesterol in bile (the fluid made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder). The female hormone oestrogen has been found to increase the amount of cholesterol in bile. Higher levels of cholesterol also potentially reduce the movement of the gallbladder, another reason for the formation of gallstones.

During fertile years, women have higher levels of oestrogen, particularly during pregnancy and when taking an oestrogen based contraceptive. Girls are also more likely to skip breakfast, which  has been found to encourage gallstone formation.

I took an oestrogen based contraceptive pill for 7 years prior to my diagnosis but was never warned of gallstones as a potential side effect and (to be honest) even if I had, I probably wouldn’t have thought much of it.

The awareness of the risk factors and symptoms for gallstones needs to be better, particularly for women who have the ability to mitigate those risks.

What can young people do to reduce risk of developing gallstones?

Eat regularly

When trying to lose weight, people often skip meals and or cut down on their fat intake. This reduces the use and therefore movement of the gall bladder and this in turn increases the chance of stones developing.

For example, a study found that girls with gallstones were more likely to skip breakfast, creating a longer fasting period between the evening meal and their next meal the following day.

Maintain a healthy weight and if trying to lose weight, do it slowly

Although being a healthy weight reduces your risk of developing gallstones, rapid weight loss can increase the risk.

When weight is lost, fat cells reduce in size and hormones (including cholesterol) are released from them. Sudden weight loss also triggers the liver to create more cholesterol, and all these factors can lead to a build-up and development of stones.

Eat a balanced diet

In the UK we tend not to consume the recommended 18g of fibre per day, and low fibre intake along with a high intake of fat and refined carbohydrates have been found to increase your risk. Make sure you opt for plenty of wholegrains and avoid high fat, over processed foods.

Check your family history before choosing a oestrogen based contraceptive pill

There is evidence to show that genetics play a big part in your likelihood of developing gall stones. If you find that  gall stones run in your family it may be worth looking at another method of contraception than the contraceptive pill.

Low-fat and low-cholesterol diet plan | Nutrition advice

Is fat bad for me?

For several decades, the standard advice to people who want to lose weight has been to eat a low-fat diet. Certainly, a diet which is low in fat because it is high in fruits and vegetables as well as fibre from whole grains is likely to be a healthy one, and this is the basis of many weight loss programmes such as Weightwatchers® and Slimming World®.

However, there is a growing body of evidence which suggests that a diet high in carbohydrates, particularly sugar, is a common trigger for obesity in many individuals, and that eating fat is not what makes us gain weight. In this case, a low carbohydrate diet such as the Atkins Diet is also an effective way of losing weight.

In studies in which low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets have been compared, both have been found to be effective, and individuals should find an eating pattern that works well for them, taking into account their lifestyle and what sort of foods they like.

The current advice about healthy eating from the British Nutrition Foundation, the NHS and the American Medical Association remains centred on meals based around starchy carbohydrates such as bread, rice or pasta, with fat representing a very small part of the food intake.This may change over the coming years if the advice about losing weight by cutting down carbohydrates becomes more well established.

Fat content of various foods

The following table is just a rough guide to which foods are higher or lower in fat. Different brands may vary in their fat content – get into the habit of looking at labels when you shop and learn which brands are lower in fat. Fat consumption will also depend on portion size.

Low-fat diets and weight loss or weight maintenance

Energy in food is measured in calories (also known as kcal). If you want to lose weight, you need to eat fewer calories per day than you burn off in exercise. Foods which are high in fat contain a lot of calories, so cutting down on fatty foods is one way of losing weight. Very sugary foods also contain quite a lot of calories, but fat contains about twice as many calories as sugar per 100 g.

See separate leaflets called Healthy Eating and Weight Reduction – How to Lose Weight if you are planning to lose weight.

More about fats

Not all fat is bad. Although all fats are high in calories, we need some fat in our diet. Some types of fat are actually good for our health and some vitamins are dissolved in fat, so a low-fat diet may be lacking in these.

The different types of fat include the following:

Saturated fats

These are mainly found in animal products such as the fat on meat, in lard, and the fat in dairy products such as butter, full-cream milk, etc. Meat and dairy products have a useful role in a healthy diet; however, try to avoid the fattier cuts of meat and use semi-skimmed or skimmed milk if you are trying to cut down on fat. Eating less saturated fat may reduce your risk of having a heart attack.

Some cheeses are high in fat, particularly cream cheese and hard cheeses such as Cheddar and parmesan. But you may find that a smaller portion of a more strong-tasting cheese is more satisfying than a larger amount of softer cheese which may be lower in fat.

Trans fats

These are oils which have come from vegetables but have been processed to make them hard, so that they are easier to use in food. They are often used in processed foods, and in commercially made cakes, biscuits and pastries. Food labels may call them partially hydrogenated oils. Trans fats are generally bad for you and there is no place for them in a healthy diet.

Unsaturated fats

These mainly come from vegetables, nuts and fruits. They are divided into:

• Polyunsaturated fats, such as sunflower oil and corn oil.
• Mono-unsaturated fats, such as olive oil and rapeseed oil.
• Omega-3 fatty acids. These come mainly from oily fish such as pilchards, sardines, salmon, mackerel and fresh (not tinned) tuna. Omega-3 fatty acids are also present in some nuts and seeds, especially linseeds.

Omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent heart disease and improve our health in other ways.

See separate leaflet called Cholesterol which gives more details about reducing your cholesterol level.

Unsaturated fats contain as many calories as saturated fats, but can form part of a healthy diet. If you are trying to lose weight, make sure that you are not eating too much unsaturated fat.

Food labels

Foods that contain fat often contain a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fats. Food labels often list the amounts of each type of fat in the food (or at least how much of the fat in the food is saturated). As a rule, we should aim to limit our intake of saturated fats and, when we use fats and oils, mainly choose those high in unsaturates. Food labels also show how many calories are in the food. So, it may be a good idea to get into the habit of reading food labels when you shop.

What can you eat when your gallbladder is acting up?

Most people don’t worry about their gallbladder unless they start to experience pain or discomfort in some way which might need gallbladder treatment. Your diet will play a big role in how your digestive system works. Eating the right foods is essential if you want your digestive tract to function effectively.

To prevent gallbladder issues, the following diet tips will help:

1. Don’t Crash Diet to Reduce Gallbladder Risk

Don’t crash diet. If you want to lose weight, use a solid diet plan with fewer calories and increase your level of activity. Crash diets may help you lose a few pounds fast, but they can disrupt the sensitive balance in your digestive tract causing your liver to release excessive amounts of cholesterol. This means your gallbladder has to work overtime.

2. Include Healthy Foods in Your Gallbladder Diet

Eat healthy foods. Avoid processed foods that come out of a box. They are made with an abundance of additives and preservatives that stress the digestive system. Eat fresh, whole foods as much as possible. It’s important to include:

• Low-fat dairy foods
• Whole grains, such as brown rice, bran cereal, oats, whole wheat bread and whole wheat pasta
• Lean meats and poultry
• Fish
• Fresh fruits and vegetables

Fresh fruits and vegetables are full of nutrients and fiber and will keep your digestive tract running smoothly. These foods are also easier for your body to break down more efficiently, which means more nutrients and an abundance of usable energy. If you want to create a gallbladder-friendly diet, try eating smaller meals more often. This puts less stress on the stomach and gallbladder, so they don’t have to digest large amounts of food at one time.

Avoid Sugary Foods in Your Gallbladder Diet

Avoid sugary foods that can cause inflammation in the gut. Once inflammation has become a problem, it can make every part of your digestive tract work harder, including your gallbladder and pancreas. Replace sugary foods with healthy snacks like crackers and cheese or fresh fruits and vegetables. If you want to prevent gallbladder issues, take the time to re-evaluate your diet and include foods that will put less stress on your gallbladder and the rest of your digestive system. You will start to feel better, and the weight you want to lose will start to drop gradually. If you continue to experience gallbladder problems, visit your nearest general surgeon in Anchorage for the best treatment.

Also Read: Major Surgery and Minor Surgery: What Are the Differences

Dr. Madhu Prasad, M.D., FACS

Dr. Madhu Prasad has over 30+ years of experience working as a general surgeon and surgical oncologist and providing the highest level of care in Anchorage, Alaska. He believes in providing quality care to patients and their families. Inspired by compassion and humanism, Dr. Prasad and his team work for the well-being of their patients.

List of Foods to Avoid for Cholecystitis

A pint of beer on a restaurant table.

Image Credit: tfoxfoto/iStock/Getty Images

Cholecystitis is a term that refers to inflammation of the gallbladder, a condition that can be aggravated by certain foods. These include refined carbohydrates, alcohol, high-fat dairy products, fatty meats and foods that are fried or packed in oil.

Gallbladder Function

Your gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, which is produced by your liver. When you eat a fatty meal, your gallbladder contracts and releases stored bile into the small intestine to digest the fat. Sometimes gallstones can get stuck and block a bile duct in the gallbladder, resulting in symptoms of cholecystitis. Unless gallstones block a bile duct, they may not cause any symptoms, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Symptoms

Cholecystitis can cause symptoms such as pain and discomfort after meals, especially if you’ve eaten fatty foods. The pain is typically located in your upper right abdomen and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Gallstones usually consist of cholesterol deposits and can vary widely in size. Blockages are typically caused by larger stones. If a stone remains stuck, it can cause a medical emergency that requires the removal of your gallbladder.

Dietary Suggestions

You should avoid excessive consumption of white flour, sugar and highly processed foods. You may also be intolerant of spicy foods. While you need some fiber in your diet, too much of it may actually exacerbate symptoms of cholecystitis if they cause you to have gas. You may be able to tolerate only small amounts of foods such as beans, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and whole grain products, all of which are high in fiber, according to registered dietitian Joanne Larsen.

Additional Information

Being overweight or gaining weight after losing it rapidly are among the risk factors for gallstone formation. While you should avoid eating excessive calories and fats, you should include 2 to 3 tbsp. of healthy fats like olive oil to keep the bile in your gallbladder flowing. If the gallbladder does not contract often enough to empty out the bile, gallstones may form, according to NetWellness.org.

Food To Avoid if you are Suffering from Gallstone Problem

When you have a problem with your gallbladder, such as gallstones, the doctor might recommend you to have surgery to remove your gallbladder.

You may be at higher risk of gallstones depending on your age, gender, and other factors. Let us read more about gallstones, what to eat and what food to avoid when you have gallstones. 

A 33-year-old engineer had no symptoms of gallstones. With long working hours and a sedentary lifestyle, he had developed unhealthy food habits. He skipped meals and consumed a lot of junk. (Also Read: 5 Signs That a Woman has Gallstones )

A constant unhealthy diet possibly resulted in the agony of him having gallstones in his early thirties. He ignored those gallbladder attacks and all this did not wean him off eating junk. He was completely unaware of what he was doing to himself. 

One day the abdominal pain did not stop and he had to rush to a doctor. He was diagnosed with gallbladder stones after looking at the ultrasound reports. He tried Ayurveda treatment for gallstones removal and a lot of home remedies. Nothing worked!

The doctor suggested laparoscopic surgery (cholecystectomy) to remove the gallstones. For a healthy and better life, he thought of it as the right option. Therefore, it is clear that food habits and diet play an important role when you have gallstones. Consult a doctor, especially if you know you are not leading a healthy lifestyle and you notice such abdominal pain. 

• Now what is a gallbladder and what are gallstones?
• 5 Types of Food that aggravate your gallstones
  • Fried food like French fries, potato chips:
  • High-fat meats such as bacon, sausage, ground beef and ribs:
  • High-fat dairy products like eggs, butter, cheese, ice cream, whole milk and sour cream:
  • Preserved food such as crackers, cookies, doughnuts:
  • Refined food that includes white rice, refined sugar, white bread and refined flour pasta
• Food To Eat When Suffering From Gallstones
• Conclusion

Now what is a gallbladder and what are gallstones?

Gallbladder is the organ that contains bile. Bile, which is composed of water, cholesterol, fat protein and fat salts, helps you digest fat. Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in your gallbladder.

Gallstone sizes vary with some as the size of sand and other as large as a golf ball. A diet with a lot of fats can lead to gallstones made of cholesterol and bile salts. They may get bigger with time. 

You are more likely to get gallstones if you are obese, trying to lose weight fast or have been on high-fat diet and low in fiber. Complications of gallstones include:

• inflammation of the gallbladder
• infection to the gallbladder, bile duct or liver
• inflammation of the pancreas due to gallstones blockage

5 Types of Food that aggravate your gallstones

To prevent the pain associated with gallstones, doctors and experts advise a change in the diet. Knowing which food to avoid will lessen the discomfort and could prevent new gallstones from forming. Consider elimination high-risk food that might aggravate your gallstone condition.

• Fried food like French fries, potato chips:

Eliminate deep-fried food completely. Frying food with saturated fats or hydrogenated fats will aggravate gallstone pain and discomfort. Use olive or canola oil.

• High-fat meats such as bacon, sausage, ground beef and ribs:

It is advised to substitute fatty meats with lean meat protein such as chicken and turkey, cold-water fish. Always remove the skin and fat to avoid gallstone irritation when preparing for poultry.

• High-fat dairy products like eggs, butter, cheese, ice cream, whole milk and sour cream:

Eggs are high allergen food and high in cholesterol.  Milk, cheese, yogurt, butter and heavy cream all contain high levels of animal fat. This increases the complications in the gallbladder.

Try to reduce the amount of dairy content or you may purchase low fat and skim substitutes which provide necessary calcium required by the body.

• Preserved food such as crackers, cookies, doughnuts:

Trans fatty acids typically present in packaged food, tend to induce gallstone symptoms. Many manufacturers have reduced or eliminated trans-fat from their products but still check nutritional labels to make sure. If in doubt, avoid them.

• Refined food that includes white rice, refined sugar, white bread and refined flour pasta

Patients with gallstones must refrain from eating food containing refined ingredients. It increases the cholesterol level in the bile. Refined food are low in fiber which is the primary cause of gallstone.

Stick to brown rice, whole wheat bread and whole wheat pasta. Dietary changes might prevent you from the need for surgery.

Food To Eat When Suffering From Gallstones

Some foods tend to prevent gallbladder problems or reduce symptoms. Eating a healthy and well-balanced diet is the best way to improve digestion and prevent gallstones. The diet must include:

Healthy Fats

Foods that are rich in Omega-3 fatty acids- avocados, canola, flaxseed, fish- can decrease the chances of gallstones developing. Moreover, try to eat low-fat meats.

Fiber-rich foods

Fiber has several health benefits. Some of these include- losing weight and keeping the digestive health up and about. Hence, it is beneficial to eat fiber-rich foods such as whole-grain bread, cereals, fruits, and vegetables.

Some foods that are rich in fiber are-

Minerals

Minerals such as Vitamin C, Magnesium and Folate are important to prevent stones from developing in the gallbladder. 

Conclusion

Gallbladder problems can be painful and in some cases, dangerous. Therefore, eating the right food and avoiding fatty food can help improve the health of your gallbladder.

Although it is common to have food-related issues after gallstone surgery, it is important to contact your surgeon if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Abdominal pain, especially if it worsens
• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Jaundice
• Lack of bowel movements for more than 3 days
• Frequent diarrhea that lasts more than 3 days

Also Read: 

What to Eat After Gallbladder Surgery

When you eat a meal that is high in fat, the liver must work extra hard to try to provide enough bile to help you digest the fat. For these reasons, it’s very important to watch what you eat after gallbladder removal. Your body will eventually adjust and you will most likely be able to start eating food that you enjoy again but this can take months or even years.

your diet 24 hours post surgery

For the first 2-3 days after surgery you probably won’t be very hungry. Anesthesia can cause nausea and it is generally recommended that you stay on a clear liquid diet for 24 hours after surgery – until the anesthesia has cleared out of your system completely. Also, remember that although the outside of your body does not look very traumatized (if you had a laparoscopic surgery) your body did just go through trauma. Your organs are adjusting to the effects of the gas that was used during surgery as well as the fact that an organ was removed. A clear liquid diet means that you can pretty much eat anything you can see through.

• Water
• Broth
• Jello-O
• Fruity juice without pulp (apple, grape and cranberry juice)
• Clear Soda (Avoid Caffeine)
• Tea
• Popsicles (without bits of fruit)

foods to avoid

There are some foods that should be avoided after gallbladder surgery. Generally, any foods that gave you pain before surgery will need to be avoided. It will take awhile for your body to learn how to digest fats so you should stick to a low fat diet for at least a few weeks after surgery and reintroduce them very slowly. Dairy products and too much fiber can also cause problems. The BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce and Toast) should be avoided if you are having problems with constipation. However, if you are having diarrhea you may want to eat more of these food.

• Fried Food
• Dairy Products – especially cheese
• Peanut butter
• Greasy foods
• Raw Vegetables
• Caffeine
• Alcohol (especially if you are on pain pill)

90,000 Diet for gallstone disease and other methods of its treatment – clinic “Dobrobut”

Gallstone disease: diet, treatment methods

Gallstone disease is a pathology in which stones and sand are formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Understanding the results of the examination will allow the doctor to successfully stop the signs of gallstone disease: the treatment is carried out taking into account the number of stones and their size, concomitant diseases and the general health of the patient.If there are acute symptoms, then the treatment is carried out in a hospital, with remission or a mild form of pathology, outpatient treatment is possible, but under the supervision of a doctor.

Gallstone disease: treatment without surgery

One of the important methods of treatment is a diet for gallstone disease, which implies the exclusion of fatty, spicy, fried foods, chocolate, sugary carbonated drinks and alcohol from the diet. The menu should consist of easily digestible plant, dairy and meat products.It is also necessary to follow the diet – eat food in small portions, but often (5-6 times a day), do it at about the same time.

Treatment of gallstone disease without surgery involves taking special medications – ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. They are able to dissolve stones in the gallbladder, but this method works only in the presence of small (no more than 2 mm in diameter) single stones. The course of therapy lasts at least 12 months, all this time it will be necessary not only to take medications, but also to follow a diet.

Methods of treatment of gallstone disease are different – extracorporeal shock wave therapy is effective, which allows you to destroy stones. It is carried out only in the presence of stones of the cholesterol type – no more than 3 mm in diameter, with their small number and preserved contractility of the gallbladder. During the procedure, the stones are crushed into small fragments (maximum 1 mm in length) and excreted from the body along with the feces. Such therapy is painless and does not require hospitalization of the patient.

If there are no positive results of conservative treatment for 1-2 years, the doctor will recommend surgical treatment.

Often, after 1-3 months of taking medications and following a diet, the patient notes the disappearance of symptoms. But doctors warn that it is impossible to interrupt the course of therapy and even more so to violate the recommended diet – an exacerbation of gallstone disease will require more serious treatment.

Surgical treatment

Treatment of gallstone disease by an operative method is carried out with the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment.Surgical intervention can be performed in two ways:

• classic removal of the gallbladder with stones – while performing a laparotomy (opening the anterior abdominal wall). After the operation, a scar remains at least 10 cm long;
• laparoscopic gallbladder removal with stones – small incisions in the abdominal wall are made, through which a laparoscope (a type of endoscopic equipment) is inserted, with its help, the gallbladder is removed.

The operation to remove the gallbladder in case of cholelithiasis requires special training.After removal of the gallbladder with stones, the patient should also follow a diet and undergo regular examination by a gastroenterologist, since after removal of the gallbladder, digestive problems may occur.

Folk remedies

Inexpensive methods of treatment of gallstone disease are always of interest to patients. Therefore, patients with gallstone disease resort to traditional medicine methods. But it should be remembered that decoctions and tinctures based on plant components provoke increased production and secretion of bile – this can lead to the migration of stones from the gallbladder into the bile ducts.The result of this process is a blockage of the bile ducts, which requires urgent surgical intervention.

Treatment of exacerbation of gallstone disease and all complications should be carried out using proven methods. Folk remedies can be used as adjunctive therapy, but only after consultation with the attending physician.

More details about the occurrence of gallstone disease, symptoms, treatment can be found on the pages of our website dobrobut.com.

Which foods are good for the gallbladder, and which ones are better to refuse

Bile is a fluid produced by the liver. It participates in the breakdown of fats that enter the body with food, and improves intestinal motility. Bile accumulates in the gallbladder. The most common diseases of this organ are cholecystitis and gallstone disease.

Both overstimulation and suppression of bile secretion are harmful.To avoid problems, it is important to monitor your diet. We will tell you what foods are good for the health of the gallbladder.

Bran

This food supplement is rich in dietary fiber. It contains keratin, B vitamins, E and PP vitamins. The use of bran stimulates the digestive tract. It is recommended to take them with food, starting with 1 teaspoon and gradually increasing the daily dose to 50 g per day.

Turmeric

This spice contains curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties.This substance is a powerful choleretic agent that increases the tone of the gallbladder and facilitates its emptying. Just 20 mg of curcumin is enough to triple the gallbladder volume.

In addition to turmeric, it is recommended to use spices such as ginger and fennel.

Honey

Honey is a product that has an antibacterial, tonic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect on the body.It activates the outflow of bile.

Attention! You can not use honey for cholelithiasis.

Cabbage

Most types of cabbage, including sea cabbage, are good for the gallbladder:

1. White-headed can bind and remove excess cholesterol and other toxic metabolites with bile into the lumen of the digestive tube.
2. Marine contains a lot of organic iodine, which is necessary for normal contractile activity.
3. Broccoli contains antioxidants that support liver cells and fiber nourishes the intestinal microflora to help boost metabolism.
4. Spinach, broccoli and Brussels sprouts contain substances that prevent cholesterol reuptake.

Better to use boiled or steamed cabbage.

Lemon

Lemon has a versatile effect on the gallbladder:

• provides resistance of the mucous membrane to pressure inside the lumen of this organ;
• improves immunity
• normalizes microflora;
• improves the functioning of the digestive tract.

Milk thistle

Milk thistle reduces the risk of developing gallstones. This plant:

• prevents the increase in inflammation foci;
• normalizes its secretion.
• improves the properties of bile.

With colic, the use of milk thistle relieves pain.

Beet

This root vegetable contains pectins, betaine and other beneficial substances.They fight toxins and prevent inflammation. The most useful are raw beets in salads and beet juice.

Olive oil

This is one of the healthiest foods for the body. Olive oil is rich in antioxidants. It:

• prevents cell destruction;
• reduces the risk of cancer;
• improves digestion;
• reduces the likelihood of gallstones forming.

What else

Foods such as rhubarb, spinach, cilantro are also useful for the gallbladder, all of them allow you to activate the outflow of bile.

From drinks, juices of grapes and lingonberries are recommended, and from medicinal herbs – mint, valerian root, motherwort, lemon balm, corn silk.

Harmful: alcohol, strong coffee and tea, strong meat broths, black bread, millet, fried, fatty and spicy, refined foods and dishes.Foods that are too cold should not be consumed. They can cause cramping.

Some drugs are also dangerous: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, penicillin antibiotics, etc.

90,000 How to stay healthy: 10 most useful foods | Articles

Proper nutrition can help a person stay young and old. As people get older, they need less food but more nutrients to stay healthy.To maintain your health, you must adhere to proper nutrition. The Daily Mirror newspaper publishes ten of the most useful foods for those who want to eat right.

1. Brown Rice

Many people avoid carbohydrates because they are reputed to make them fat. But they are very important for maintaining energy levels. Don’t forget about whole grains such as brown rice, breads and cereals, which are high in fiber. It will help lower cholesterol levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, rectal cancer, gallstones, diabetes and obesity, and it is also vital for gut health, which becomes less active with age.

2. Chicken eggs

Chicken eggs are often poorly reviewed, but they are a source of protein and lutein, which protects the eyes from cataracts. Research suggests they prevent blood clots, reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke. According to a recent study, consuming 6 eggs per week reduces the risk of breast cancer by 44%. Nutritionists today say that 1-2 eggs a day does not raise cholesterol because the body itself produces cholesterol from saturated fat rather than getting it from cholesterol-rich foods like eggs.

3. Milk

As we age, our need for calcium increases, so it is important to include calcium-rich foods in our daily diet. Skimmed cow’s milk is very healthy. It is rich in calcium, which is essential for bones and the prevention of osteoporosis. Drink two glasses of skim milk daily, or include low-fat yoghurts and calcium-rich fruits in your diet.

4. Spinach

This food contains more nutrients than any other.It is a source of iron, vitamins C, A and K and antioxidants that help us protect against heart attacks and strokes. Spinach protects against rectal cancer, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Like eggs, it is rich in lutein, which is good for the eyes, so eat eggs with spinach for breakfast.

5. Bananas

Just one yellow fruit contains 467 mg of potassium, which is needed to keep the muscles (especially the heart) strong and healthy. It also helps lower blood pressure. Bananas are also a source of fiber that prevents cardiovascular disease, they neutralize acids, so they are useful for treating heartburn.Add chopped banana to oatmeal, or mash it in a blender with yogurt or milk and a little fruit juice. Other sources of potassium include lentils, sardines, and dried apricots.

6. Chicken

This is the healthiest meat. Eat breasts that are low in fat and remove the skin. In addition, chicken is rich in protein and prevents bone loss. It is also a source of selenium, which prevents cancer, and B vitamins, which increase energy levels and boost brain function.

7. Salmon

It is rich in omega-3 fats, which lower cholesterol, protect against certain cancers and prevent blood clots. Research shows that salmon can relieve depression and prevent memory loss. It contains niacin, which is believed to protect against Alzheimer’s. Challenge yourself to eat fresh or canned salmon at least 3 times a week. Omega-3 fats are also found in walnuts.

8. Blueberries

This little miracle has few calories, but lots of nutrients. Blueberries contain antioxidants that help prevent cataracts, glaucoma, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers, heart disease, and cancer. Blueberries can help reduce brain disturbances after a stroke and soothe inflammation in the digestive tract, helping to cope with indigestion.

9. Herbs

As we age, our sense of taste dulls, and it is easiest to add salt to make food taste better.But salt raises blood pressure, and it is better to add herbs and spices to food. The taste of fresh herbs is stronger, but for the sake of convenience, you can keep an assortment of dried herbs in the kitchen.

10. Garlic

This small onion has great advantages. Garlic helps prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease and reduces the risk of stroke. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce pain and swelling in arthritis. It is also useful for diabetics. If you can’t stand its smell, use garlic capsules.

The newspaper also publishes a list of four foods to avoid:

1. Sweets – they will make you gain weight as they are high in calories but lack nutrients. Limit your sugar intake.

2. Salt – it increases the pressure. Also, beware of salt “hidden” in sauces and gravies.

3. Alcohol – do not drink more than 2 servings of alcohol a day, it contains a lot of calories and interferes with the body’s absorption of vitamins. The healthiest option is red wine.

4. Saturated fats – These are found in meat, cheese, chicken skin and ice cream. They raise cholesterol levels and promote weight gain.

Based on materials from the sites Inopressa.ru and NEWSru.com.

Nutrition after removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy): diet, menu, recipes

Diet in the first month (2-4 weeks after surgery)

The first month after surgery is especially important for restoring the normal functioning of the patient’s digestive tract and improving general well-being.It is this period of time that is key for the normalization of the digestive functions of the body. Therefore, during its duration, it is necessary to carefully follow the recommendations prescribed by the doctor. These include not only nutritional requirements, but also a set of measures to ensure proper exercise, drug therapy and wound care.

Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, dieting is usually necessary for 1 month. Then, in agreement with the gastroenterologist, relaxation in the diet can be made, the range of products consumed can be expanded, and dietary restrictions can be lifted.
With open cavitary cholecystectomy, the period of severe dietary restrictions is longer than with cholecystectomy. Regardless of the type of operation performed during the first month, it is recommended to exclude from the diet:

• fried foods
• fatty foods
• spicy and spicy foods
• smoked foods
• alcohol.

Also during this period it is recommended to completely stop smoking, as it slows down the postoperative recovery of the body.Dishes should be slightly warm and cold or hot foods should be avoided. Regular meals are required 4–6 times a day; it is advisable to take food at about the same time. The introduction of new products into the diet must be carried out gradually, carefully listen to the body’s reaction and, if necessary, consult a gastroenterologist.

From the second week, in the absence of complications, diet 5a is used. This is a variation of Diet 5, characterized by reduced chemical and mechanical effects on the digestive tract, which makes it preferred after cholecystectomy.This diet is very gentle – all foods are boiled or steamed. The 5a diet menu is based on boiled fish and meat, steamed cutlets, protein omelets, vegetable soups, steamed cottage cheese puddings, mashed potatoes, fruit jelly, chopped cereals in milk, stewed vegetables.

In case of poor tolerance of the 5a diet (bloating, diarrhea, pain in the hypochondrium), a 5sh diet can be prescribed, which is characterized by even greater delicacy in relation to the digestive system.

Example menu:

• First breakfast: half a serving of semolina in milk, tea, 110 g of steam omelet from egg whites.
• Second breakfast: rosehip broth, 100 g of fresh unleavened cottage cheese.
• Lunch: 100 g of boiled meat soufflé, half a serving of mashed soup with vegetables and oatmeal, 100 g of fruit jelly, 100 g of carrot puree.
• Snack: 100 g of baked apples.
• Dinner: half a portion of mashed potatoes, boiled fish, tea.
• Finishing meal: jelly or kefir.
• Total daily dose: 200 g of white bread, 30 g of sugar.

The diet should not contain hot seasonings, any smoked and spicy foods are prohibited.Food is taken warm; cold and hot foods should be avoided.

How to eat properly in the presence of stones in the gallbladder

Get Rid of Gallstones – Possible, but Not Easy. First of all, you need to take a course of medication. And secondly, it is necessary to support the results of treatment with a special diet. With an unpleasant diagnosis – stones in the gallbladder, special nutrition is required for . From this article, it will become clear to you exactly which foods you should have on hand in the event that you have been found to have gallstones, as well as the reasons due to which they have arisen.

Causes of gallstones

The appearance of calculi (the scientific name for stones in the gallbladder) is due to many reasons. Let’s list the most common:

• Long-term high cholesterol food intake
• Diabetes mellitus
• A strict and continuous diet that excludes high-calorie foods, as a result – uncontrolled weight loss and the formation of calculi

For the treatment of gallstone disease, surgery can be used.But, for many patients, adjusting the diet and taking medications will help reduce the size of stones and remove them from the body.

Dos and Don’ts?

If gallstones are found, the following foods are allowed:

• Cereals
• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grain bread

Reduce or minimize your red meat intake. For the entire period of treatment for stones, it is necessary to exclude all refined, fried, and fatty foods.

This diet is low in saturated fat and sugar. A person receives all energy from polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. Don’t forget about the high fiber diet. It is she who helps to actively distill bile throughout the body, preventing its accumulation and the formation of stones. In addition, if about 50 grams of wheat fiber is added to the diet during the day, the amount of cholesterol in the blood will also be reduced. To indicate the effectiveness of the diet, it is necessary to do an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

Risk factors

Studies by Italian scientists show the fact that almost all cases when gallstones are found, the reasons for their occurrence are more often observed in avid meat eaters than in vegetarians. We are talking about many years of daily intake of fatty fried foods, without any vegetables. After all, the more fresh vegetables a person takes, the less the risk that he will be overtaken by biliary colic. It is plant protein that should be preferred when drawing up a diet in the case of gallstone disease.

When the gastroenterologist makes a diet, you must be prepared to avoid the following foods:

• Fried eggs (one chicken or a pair of quail eggs, boiled once a week, is allowed)
• Oil (both vegetable and butter prohibited)
• High fat dairy products
• Red meat
• All bakery products made from wheat flour
• All sauces and salad dressings
• All products that have been prepared using refined oil (these include cookies, crackers, chips)

When diagnosed with gallstones, nutrition should be fractional – you need to eat a little, but several times a day.Snacks are supported by apple and low-fat kefir. For a while, you should forget about drinking carbonated drinks (drinks even with weak gas are excluded), alcohol, coffee and tea should also be set aside. If you suddenly have a strong desire to drink tea, warm boiled water with lemon juice added to it is allowed.

List of acceptable products

So, the whole diet includes the consumption of the following foods:

• Fresh fruits, vegetables and berries
• Low-fat dairy products
• Whole grain bread
• Paste made from coarse flour
• Various cereals
• All seafood and river fish
• Lean meat (but in moderation)

So that gallstones and the causes of of their occurrence do not bother you anymore, you need to stick to a diet for several months after recovery.

90,000 MRI of the gallbladder and ducts in the network of clinics “Polyclinic.ru”

Magnetic resonance imaging allows visualization of internal organs in various projections. This type of diagnosis is often referred to when it is necessary to diagnose the state of the gallbladder and ducts. Today, MRI of the gallbladder is considered the most informative and safe method for examining this organ.

Advantages of the method

Non-invasiveness is one of the most important benefits for patients.During the process of obtaining images, the patient does not feel any pain or discomfort. Other benefits include:

• Thanks to this type of diagnosis, it is possible to identify various pathological processes even at the initial stage of development.
• Almost immediately upon completion of the scan, a person can receive a transcript of the images. In addition, the results of the study can be recorded on video and transmitted to the patient on a digital carrier for viewing by the attending physician.
• Magnetic resonance imaging has a minimal list of contraindications.
• There is a possibility of examining the gallbladder and ducts using a contrast agent. This method allows you to examine in more detail the pathological focus, its localization and features.

When MRI of the gallbladder and ducts is required

This type of examination can be assigned to confirm the diagnosis after other research methods, for example, after ultrasound or CT.The fact is that these procedures individually are less informative and do not allow visualizing the internal organ as it happens with MRI.

Let’s consider in what cases the doctor can send for an MRI:

• Pain sensations of unknown origin in the right side or under the ribs;
• Unpleasant sour belching is observed after eating;
• Heaviness in the abdomen after eating;
• Unreasonable nausea or vomiting;
• Indigestion;
• Yellowing of the skin, sclera of the eyes;
• Past trauma to the abdominal cavity;
• Bitterness in the mouth;
• Congenital malformations of the gallbladder or ducts;
• Suspected jaundice, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis.

MRI can be prescribed before or after surgery in order to monitor the dynamics.

Who is prohibited from doing MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging of the gallbladder and ducts has contraindications:

• MRI is contraindicated if the patient has metal or metal-containing objects in the body, for example, a pacemaker, Ilizarov apparatus, dental implants, various prostheses that contain metal.
• Patient weight over 250 kg. If you have more weight, your doctor will prescribe an alternative method for examining the gallbladder and ducts.
• Mental and neurological abnormalities in which the patient cannot lie still in a confined space, for example, claustrophobia, epilepsy, etc.
• Experts do not recommend an MRI scan during the first trimester of pregnancy. But if you suspect life-threatening pathological processes, the study can be carried out in consultation with the doctor.

There are no age restrictions for diagnostics, but it should be borne in mind that the patient must lie motionless during the diagnosis, therefore, this type of diagnosis is not performed for young children.

Rules for preparing for the procedure

Magnetic resonance imaging does not require complex training. In order for the pictures to be informative and of high quality, you need to follow a few simple recommendations, for example:

• Diagnosis should be carried out on an empty stomach, at least 5 hours before the start of the magnetic resonance imaging, you should refuse to eat.
• If you are scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging with a contrast agent, drink some sweet tea a couple of hours before the test, this will reduce the likelihood of side effects such as nausea and dizziness.
• It is necessary to exclude the possibility of increased gas formation and bloating. For this, doctors recommend eliminating gas-forming products – cabbage, black bread, legumes, carbonated drinks, etc.
• A couple of days before the MRI, exclude alcohol.
• If you are afraid that this manipulation is carried out in a closed tomograph – inform your doctor about it, you may be prescribed mild sedatives.
• Avoid drinking a lot of fluids before the MRI to avoid the urge to interrupt to empty your bladder during the scan.
• Appreciate the doctor’s time, come at the appointed time, without delay. Remove all metal jewelry in advance.

It is very important to stay still.The slightest movements can “blur” pictures, which will increase the duration of the diagnostic procedure.

How the research works

Duration of examination of the gallbladder and ducts – about half an hour. Entering the office, you need to change into disposable or home clothes. The main rule is that the clothes do not have metal inserts and are comfortable.

Then you need to lie on the pull-out couch on your back. In order to avoid movement during the study, the upper and lower limbs are fixed with soft straps.Next, the couch drives into the tomograph, where the scan is performed.

The only discomfort that can be felt during the examination of the gallbladder and ducts is the noise in the tomograph. Headphones or earplugs can be used to reduce the intensity of the noise.

Please note that there is a panic button, microphone, speakerphone, light and ventilation inside the tomograph. If you suddenly feel unwell or you feel scared, you can press the button and pause the study.

If a neoplasm or lesion is suspected, contrast-enhanced MRI may be prescribed. The difference from the standard diagnostic method is that immediately before the examination, a contrast agent is injected into the patient’s vein. It quickly spreads through the blood vessels and “highlights” the vascular system and internal organs. In this case, before the procedure, the doctor needs to make sure that the patient is not allergic to the drugs being administered.

Interpretation of results

Deciphering images after MRI takes about one hour. During the diagnosis, the doctor pays attention to the following factors:

• Localization of the gallbladder and ducts, as well as their exact dimensions.
• Congenital malformations.
• Presence of neoplasms of various etiologies.
• Internal structure of the organ.
• The presence of inflammatory processes.
• Deformation, narrowing or kinking of the bile ducts.
• Contractility of smooth muscles.

Most often, during magnetic resonance imaging of the gallbladder and ducts, the following pathological processes can be detected:

• Cholecystitis.
• Dyskinesia.
• Cholelithiasis.
• Benign neoplasms (cysts, polyps).
• Malignant tumors.
• Congenital malformations of the organ.

Magnetic resonance imaging allows you to determine the exact diagnosis and its severity. Seek medical attention as soon as the first warning signs appear, and do not delay the examination.

diseases and drugs, hospitals and clinics, doctors’ consultations

Did you know that …

Each human finger bends about 25 million times during its lifetime.

The youngest woman in childbirth in history is Peruvian Lina Medina. She became a mother at 5 years and 7 months. This was made possible by a rare genetic disorder that causes early puberty. As a result of a cesarean section, she gave birth to a healthy son.

“Acute respiratory viral disease” is a general diagnosis that is made in case of a cold. Bacteria and viruses are different organisms of a dissimilar structure, so it is useless to be treated with antibiotics in this situation. Is always.

Up to 6-7 months, babies are able to breathe and swallow at the same time.They then lose this ability and gradually learn to alternate skills. This is due to the drooping of the initially raised larynx.

Koalas have unique fingerprints, very similar to ours: the forensic scientist will not determine which creature left them. Scientists believe that animals need the papillary pattern for tenacity, because they need to grab and tear off the leaves.

The signal along the nerve travels at a speed of 90 meters per second.

According to scientists, each of us eats about 55 tons of food in our entire life.The blue whale, the largest animal on Earth, weighs the same. It is also the equivalent of nearly 10 savannah elephants.

Drinking food, we reduce the amount of acid in the mouth by 61%.

It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.

When running, keep in mind that it will be easier for your foot, spine and joints to transfer the load if there is a relatively soft surface under your feet, such as the ground or a modern track in a stadium.

The average weight of an adult is 62 kilograms.The body is approximately 60% water. That is, a little more than 37 liters of water is “poured” into an adult. Moreover, with age, it becomes proportionally less.

We use the brain completely, not just 10%. All its parts and cells are constantly working. In this case, intelligence can be developed through exercise. This will raise the margins, but will open up any sleeping areas of the brain.

Every day a person falls out from 60 to 100 hairs.

Color perception is impaired in about 7-8% of men.They may find it difficult to distinguish between green, red, less often blue or yellow. But among women there are almost no color blind people, although the disease is transmitted precisely through the female line.

Most of us breathe only one nostril at a time. The second is “resting” at this time. “Change” takes place every 4 hours. This principle allows you to avoid chronic rhinitis arising from excessive exercise.

The heart beats about 37 million times a year.

The number of hairs on a person’s head ranges from zero to 140 thousand.

There are about 75 kilometers of nerves in the body of an adult.

According to statistics, about six of today’s Muscovites will live to be 116 years old.

HIV and AIDS are not the same thing. After infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, the patient goes through several stages, at the last of which he is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Gastric juice contains relatively low concentration of hydrochloric acid. However, in case of problems with the protective mucus, it can dissolve the stomach and intestines itself.Acid will burn through the skin as well.

The brain erases our dreams as useless information. The activity of neurons that regulate rest and appetite blocks the recording of dreams in the hippocampus. These cells are especially active during REM sleep.

Bumping your head against a wall can burn 150 calories per hour.

Our liver is able to regain its normal size with only a quarter of normal tissue. At the same time, the regeneration is rather slow, and the filling of the usual volume occurs by increasing the size of the cells.

Sounds above 85 decibels can damage your hearing. This corresponds to a human screaming or the roar of a motorcycle. It is known that between a third and half of DJs have hearing problems. So don’t listen to music loudly on a regular basis.

Nerve cells are restored. The existence of neurogenesis was shown by Joseph Altman in 1962 by destroying a section of the rat’s brain. Later, new cells appeared there. This process is similar for all mammals and humans.

The average human heart beats 3.3 billion times in a lifetime.Each of these consists of several contractions called “systoles” that push blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

The surface area of ​​the lungs is more than 100 square meters.

A person breathes in and out about 23 thousand times a day.

The Dutch and Swedes almost do not suffer from lactose intolerance, since in Europe they have mastered dairy farming earlier and received the necessary gene, which has become a competitive advantage. But in Southeast Asia and among the indigenous peoples of the United States, almost everyone has it.

Frederic Beigbeder said: “All lovers fall ill with tuberculosis. Love is the first thing that squeezes the lungs. It is foolish to say: “My heart is broken,” you need to be more precise: “My lungs were compressed.”

Our liver is able to regain its normal size with only a quarter of normal tissue. At the same time, the regeneration is rather slow, and the filling of the usual volume occurs by increasing the size of the cells.

American Charles Osborne is listed in the Guinness Book of Records: he hiccupped continuously for 68 years.The attack began in 1922 when Charles was slaughtering a pig and ended a year before his death. Osborne was married twice and had 8 children.

When you sneeze, air flies out of your mouth at a speed of 160 km / h.

According to calculations, in 78 years (that is, in one average life) a person sleeps 25 years, spends 9 years watching TV, 4 years in a car, 92 days in the toilet and 48 days of sex.

An adult has 206 bones. At birth, there are more than 270 of them, but in adulthood this number decreases: mainly the bones of the skull, pelvis and spine grow together.

Artist Michel Lotito ate supermarket carts, televisions, beds and skis, and once devoured a Cessna 150 aircraft for two years. His stomach contained a large volume of hydrochloric acid and had thick walls.

Zhanna Kalman lived 122 years and 164 days. This is a record among such confirmed cases. The woman was born and died in Arles (France). Kalman herself believed that her secret was the regular use of fruits and olive oil.

It is possible to wet the Mantoux sample, as it is injected under the skin.This is officially confirmed by the Ministry of Health. The popular opposite opinion is associated with an earlier test of Pirquet, which was applied to a scratch on the hand and could be washed off.

Scientists are sure that it doesn’t matter from what distance you watch TV. The main thing is to remember to blink to moisturize your eyes. But all the same, you shouldn’t stay too long with him – it causes overwork.

Randy Gartner spent 11 days without sleep – a record that should not be repeated. Irreversible brain damage occurs on days 2-3.Deprivation causes seizures, hallucinations, impairment of memory and attention; blood pressure and blood sugar rise.

There are 20-30 kg of muscles in the body of an adult. The longest – the gluteus maximus – reaches 20 cm, and the shortest – the stirrup – is in the ear. It is only 1.27 mm.

When a person lies, they usually look up and to the left.

An average of 5.2 liters of blood flows through the veins and arteries of an adult man. For a woman, this figure is 3.