What are the most effective over-the-counter allergy medications. How do different types of allergy medicines compare. Which allergy treatments provide the best relief for specific symptoms. What should you consider when choosing an OTC allergy medicine.

Understanding Allergy Symptoms and Treatment Options

Allergies affect millions of people worldwide, causing a range of uncomfortable symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life. A 2017 study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that 80% of those with seasonal allergies report moderate-to-severe symptoms. While allergies can’t be cured, over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help alleviate many common symptoms.

What are the main categories of OTC allergy medications? According to allergist-immunologist Dr. Laura Moore, there are three primary types:

• Oral antihistamines
• Nasal steroids
• Eye drops

Dr. Moore notes that it’s safe to use one medication from each category simultaneously. However, using multiple medications within the same category (like two different nasal steroids) should be avoided. If symptoms persist despite OTC treatment, consulting an allergist is recommended.

Top Oral Antihistamines for Allergy Relief

Oral antihistamines are effective for combating common allergy symptoms like sneezing, itching, and watery eyes/nose. Most people tolerate these medications well. They can be taken daily or as needed, but it’s important to check labels for potential drowsiness.

What are the main long-acting oral antihistamines available over-the-counter? The four primary options are:

1. Claritin (loratadine)
2. Zyrtec (cetirizine)
3. Allegra (fexofenadine)
4. Xyzal (levocetirizine)

Claritin 24-Hour Allergy Tablets

Claritin is a popular non-drowsy option that provides 24-hour relief from indoor and outdoor allergy symptoms. Its active ingredient, loratadine, effectively reduces sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes/throat.

Zyrtec for Fast-Acting Relief

Zyrtec contains cetirizine and is known for its rapid onset of action. It can provide relief within an hour for many users. While effective, some people may experience mild drowsiness with Zyrtec.

Nasal Sprays: A Targeted Approach to Allergy Treatment

Nasal sprays offer localized relief for nasal allergy symptoms. What makes nasal sprays an effective option for many allergy sufferers?

• Direct application to affected nasal tissues
• Reduced systemic side effects compared to oral medications
• Ability to target nasal congestion more effectively

Flonase Allergy Relief Nasal Spray

Flonase is a popular intranasal corticosteroid spray containing fluticasone propionate. It’s effective for relieving nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy/runny nose. How does Flonase work?

Flonase reduces inflammation in the nasal passages, addressing the underlying cause of allergy symptoms. It’s non-drowsy and provides 24-hour relief with once-daily use. While some users may experience immediate improvement, it can take several days of consistent use to achieve maximum benefit.

Combination Treatments for Comprehensive Symptom Relief

For those with multiple allergy symptoms, combining different types of medications can provide more comprehensive relief. What are some effective combination strategies?

1. Oral antihistamine + nasal spray
2. Nasal spray + eye drops
3. Oral antihistamine + eye drops

When combining medications, it’s crucial to follow dosing instructions carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

Natural and Alternative Allergy Remedies

While OTC medications are effective for many, some individuals prefer natural or alternative approaches to managing allergy symptoms. What are some popular natural remedies for allergies?

• Nasal irrigation with saline solution
• Local honey consumption
• Quercetin-rich foods or supplements
• Probiotics
• Acupuncture

It’s important to note that scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of these remedies varies. Consulting with a healthcare provider before trying alternative treatments is always recommended.

Choosing the Right Allergy Medicine for Your Symptoms

Selecting the most appropriate allergy medication depends on your specific symptoms and individual factors. What should you consider when choosing an OTC allergy medicine?

• Predominant symptoms (e.g., nasal congestion, itchy eyes, sneezing)
• Duration of symptoms (seasonal vs. year-round)
• Potential side effects
• Interactions with other medications
• Personal preferences (e.g., tablet vs. nasal spray)

If you’re unsure which medication is best for your situation, consulting with a pharmacist or healthcare provider can provide valuable guidance.

Managing Allergies Beyond Medication

While OTC medications can provide significant relief, managing allergies often requires a multi-faceted approach. What strategies can complement medical treatments?

1. Identify and avoid triggers
2. Use air purifiers with HEPA filters
3. Keep windows closed during high pollen days
4. Shower and change clothes after outdoor activities
5. Regular cleaning to reduce indoor allergens

Implementing these lifestyle changes alongside appropriate medication use can significantly improve allergy symptom management.

When to Seek Professional Medical Advice

While OTC allergy medications are effective for many people, there are situations where professional medical advice is necessary. When should you consult an allergist or healthcare provider?

• Symptoms persist despite OTC treatment
• Allergies significantly impact quality of life
• You experience severe allergic reactions
• You have other medical conditions that complicate treatment
• You’re unsure about potential drug interactions

An allergist can provide comprehensive testing to identify specific allergens and develop a personalized treatment plan, which may include immunotherapy options like allergy shots or sublingual tablets.

Allergy Testing and Diagnosis

Professional allergy testing can provide valuable insights into your specific triggers. What are the main types of allergy tests?

1. Skin prick tests
2. Intradermal tests
3. Blood tests (specific IgE)
4. Patch tests

These tests, combined with a detailed medical history, allow allergists to develop targeted treatment strategies that may be more effective than general OTC approaches.

Emerging Treatments and Future Directions in Allergy Management

The field of allergy treatment is continuously evolving, with new therapies and approaches on the horizon. What are some promising developments in allergy management?

• Biologics targeting specific immune pathways
• Novel immunotherapy delivery methods
• Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles
• Microbiome-based interventions

While many of these treatments are still in development or limited to severe cases, they offer hope for more effective and targeted allergy management in the future.

The Role of the Microbiome in Allergies

Emerging research suggests that the human microbiome plays a crucial role in immune function and allergy development. How might this impact future allergy treatments?

Scientists are exploring ways to manipulate the microbiome to prevent or treat allergies. This could involve probiotic therapies, prebiotics, or even fecal microbiota transplants. While still in early stages, microbiome-based approaches hold promise for revolutionizing allergy management.

Special Considerations for Different Age Groups

Allergy management can vary depending on age, with special considerations for children and older adults. What factors should be taken into account for different age groups?

Allergies in Children

Managing allergies in children requires careful consideration of medication dosing, potential side effects, and impact on growth and development. What are some key points to remember?

• Many OTC allergy medications have different dosing for children
• Some medications may affect school performance or activities
• Long-term use of certain medications may impact growth
• Early intervention may help prevent the development of asthma

Parents should always consult with a pediatrician or allergist before starting allergy medications for children.

Allergies in Older Adults

Older adults may face unique challenges when managing allergies. What factors should be considered for this age group?

• Increased risk of drug interactions due to multiple medications
• Changes in metabolism affecting medication effectiveness
• Potential exacerbation of existing health conditions
• Increased sensitivity to side effects like drowsiness

Older adults should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop safe and effective allergy management strategies.

The Impact of Climate Change on Allergies

Climate change is affecting allergy patterns worldwide, potentially increasing the severity and duration of allergy seasons. How is climate change influencing allergies?

• Longer growing seasons for allergenic plants
• Increased pollen production due to higher CO2 levels
• Changes in plant distribution affecting local allergen profiles
• More frequent extreme weather events stirring up allergens

These changes may necessitate adjustments in allergy management strategies, including longer durations of medication use and increased vigilance in monitoring local pollen forecasts.

Adapting Allergy Management to Changing Environments

As allergy patterns evolve, individuals and healthcare providers must adapt their approaches. What strategies can help manage allergies in a changing climate?

1. Stay informed about local pollen forecasts and air quality reports
2. Be prepared to start allergy treatments earlier in the season
3. Consider using air purifiers and keeping windows closed more frequently
4. Work with healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans as needed
5. Support environmental initiatives that may reduce allergen levels long-term

By staying informed and flexible in their approach, allergy sufferers can better navigate the challenges posed by changing environmental conditions.

As we continue to explore the complexities of allergy management, it’s clear that a multifaceted approach combining medication, lifestyle changes, and ongoing research is essential for providing relief to the millions affected by allergies worldwide. While over-the-counter medications offer significant benefits, the future of allergy treatment holds promise for even more targeted and effective therapies.

Best Over-the-Counter Allergy Medications | Everyday Health

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Chronic allergies affect millions of people around the globe, and there’s no denying the discomfort they cause. A 2017 study published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has found that 80 percent of those with seasonal allergies report moderate-to-severe symptoms that significantly impair their quality of life. But although allergies can’t be cured outright, those afflicted can take over-the-counter medications to alleviate some of the symptoms, which may include sneezing, runny nose, coughing and water eyes.

According to Laura Moore, MD, allergist-immunologist at the Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Center of Alaska, allergy medications available today can be broken down into the three main categories: oral antihistamines, nasal steroids, and eye drops.

Individuals who suffer from allergies may take one medication from each category (nasal steroid, eye drop, and oral antihistamine) at the same time, says Dr. Moore. However, you should never double up (i.e. use multiple nasal steroids together). If symptoms persist, it’s best to schedule an appointment with an allergist. You might require prescription treatment options and/or immunotherapy.

But for most people, a regimen of over-the-counter allergy medications can help. Here’s what you need to know.

Oral Antihistamines

According to Moore, oral antihistamines can be good for combatting those common allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and watery/drippy nose and eyes. And fortunately, most people have no issue tolerating these medications. They can be taken daily or as needed. However, before popping a pill, make sure you look carefully to see if it could make you drowsy so you take it at the appropriate times.

Here are the four main long-acting oral antihistamines available over-the-counter:

Claritin 24-Hour Allergy Tablets

The 9 Best OTC Allergy Medicines of 2021

The best allergy medicine for you depends on your symptoms, but there are a few things everyone should keep in mind when shopping.

Image Credit: Tim Robberts/DigitalVision/GettyImages

It’s allergy season, which means that on top of your uncomfortable symptoms, people are probably shooting you dirty looks if you’re in public sniffling and sneezing.

Seasonal allergies can bring itchy eyes and throat, cough and a runny nose, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology — never a good look in the middle of a pandemic. But the good news is that there are over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medicines that can help.

Here, we’ve rounded up the best OTC allergy medicines out there, according to insight from Anjeli Kalra, MD, allergist at UCHealth and assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology at University of Colorado Hospital.

Warning

All of the following medications and dosages are only recommended for adults 18 and older. No matter your age, you should always consult with your doctor before taking any medication.

Image Credit: Flonase/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

In general, Dr. Kalra says first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis — the general term for symptoms caused by environmental and seasonal allergies — is an intranasal (in-the-nose) corticosteroid, such as Flonase, Nasacort or Rhinocort.

Flonase is made with the most-prescribed active ingredient, so it’s a go-to remedy for relieving a lot of common allergy symptoms, including runny and itchy nose, sneezing, itchy eyes and nasal congestion. It’s a 24-hour, non-drowsy medicine and effective for seasonal, year-round and indoor and outdoor allergies. You can use Flonase once or twice a day by spraying it in each nostril.

While Flonase is a good option for many people, Dr. Kalra says the best allergy medicine for you depends on your symptoms and any underlying medical conditions, so it’s always best to speak to your doctor first.

​Buy it​: Amazon; ​Price​: $14.49 for 120 sprays

2.

Best Prescription-Strength: Amazon Basic Care All Day Allergy

Image Credit: Amazon/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

Touted as original prescription strength, Amazon’s Basic Care All Day Allergy is a non-drowsy antihistamine tablet for indoor and outdoor allergy symptoms. The main active ingredient, cetirizine hydrochloride, is the same as the one in Zyrtec. These 10 mg tablets are gluten-free and effective for 24 hours.

Keep in mind that, as with prescription drugs, OTC meds come with a risk of side effects, Dr. Kalra says. For meds made with cetirizine, these include dry mouth, tiredness, stomach pain, diarrhea and vomiting, per the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

These meds also aren’t right for everyone. Anyone with a history of eye disease or underlying uncontrolled conditions, such as diabetes, should be especially cautious about starting an OTC medication without discussing it with their doctor, Dr. Kalra says.

​Buy it​: Amazon; ​Price​: $10. 99 for 90 tablets

3. Best Non-Drowsy: Allegra

Image Credit: Allegra/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

For the non-drowsy allergy medicine option, you’ll want to look for a non-sedating oral antihistamine, Dr. Kalra says. She recommends OTC options such as Allegra (fexofenadine), Zyrtec (cetirizine), Xyzal (levocetirizine) and Claritin (loratadine).

The antihistamine in Allegra acts for 24 hours and takes about an hour to kick in. It helps provide relief from sneezing, runny nose, itchy throat and watery and itchy eyes.

If you’re looking to avoid drowsiness, steer clear of Benadryl (diphenhydramine) and Chlor-Trimeton (chlorphenamine), Dr. Kalra says.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $32.99 for 70 tablets

4. Best One-a-Day: Amazon Basic Care Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Tablets

Image Credit: Amazon/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

For a basic, once-a-day allergy pill that will get the job done, consider this pick from Amazon’s Basic Care line. The active ingredient levocetirizine dihydrochloride is a non-drowsy antihistamine that’s also used in XYZAL Allergy 24HR.

Similar to other oral antihistamines, this medicine will start taking effect in about one hour and lasts for 24 hours. The dosage is 5 mg and these tablets are gluten-free and effective for upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, watery and itchy eyes and runny nose.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $27.99 for 80 tablets

5. Best Nasal Spray: Nasacort AQ

Image Credit: Nasacort/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

Nasacort AQ is a steroid nasal spray, similar to Flonase but with a different active ingredient (triamcinolone vs. fluticasone, respectively).

The most important thing to keep in mind when using these sprays, Dr. Kalra says, is that they should be used on a regular basis to be most effective. They don’t work as well when they’re used “as needed.” The recommended dosing for people over 18 is one spray in each nostril twice daily or two sprays in each nostril once daily.

The technique you use is incredibly important to help cut down on irritation and up the effectiveness, she adds, so be sure to follow the instructions on the package and talk to your doctor if you’re unsure of how to use the spray.

These meds aren’t right for everyone, so talk to your doctor before starting them.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $17.96 for 120 sprays

6. Best Eye Drops: Bauch & Lomb Alaway Eye Itch Relief Drops

Image Credit: Alaway/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

Eye drops with antihistamines can help reduce symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, the trademark red, swollen, itchy and watery eyes of allergy sufferers.

Unlike oral antihistamines that usually take about an hour, eye drops can begin to provide relief in minutes. However, they won’t last as long, with a max advertised limit of 12 hours.

While all eye drops work the same way — delivering a drop of the medicine directly into your eye — you should be aware that the specific instructions will depend on the concentration of the medication, so follow them carefully. For example, with Alaway, the recommended use is one drop in each eye twice daily.

Two other OTC eye drops Dr. Kalra recommends are Zatidor and Pataday.

​Buy it​: CVS; ​Price​: $14.99 for a 60-day supply

7. Best for Pollen Allergies: NasalCrom Nasal Spray

Image Credit: LIVESTRONG.com Creative

Depending where you live, pollen allergies can flare up at various points in the year, when different plants are pollinating. That means you might need to try a different medicine during a new pollen season to get the same relief from your symptoms, Dr. Kalra says.

If steroid nasal sprays and oral antihistamines aren’t working, you might want to try an intranasal mast cell stabilizer like NasalCrom, which has the active ingredient cromolyn sodium and works differently than many other types of allergy medicines. Instead of blocking histamine after it’s released, it works to stop histamine from being released in the first place.

The recommended dosing is one spray in each nostril three to four times per day. You’ll need to start using NasalCrom about one to two weeks before exposure to allergens for it to be most effective. It does not take effect immediately like other types of allergy medicine and will need around one to two days to kick in.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $15.99

8. Best for Pet Allergies: Claritin

Image Credit: Claritin/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

Pet allergies are a type of indoor allergy, which can be tricky to manage, because it can be difficult to completely avoid them. Unlike seasonal allergies, indoor allergens can be bothersome year-round. Most often, pet allergies are treated with an oral antihistamine.

You may want to try out a few different types of oral antihistamines to see which works best for you — Claritin relies on loratadine as its active ingredient, so it’s a different type of oral antihistamine than the other medications we’ve already mentioned. It comes in several forms, from dissolvable powder to tablets, and is available in 12- or 24-hour effectiveness. For best results, it’s recommended you take Claritin regularly and around the same time every day.

If you do have an allergy to pet dander, you should also keep pets out of the bedroom to reduce your exposure. “There is no such thing as a hypoallergenic pet because dogs and cats produce allergen in their dander and saliva,” Dr. Kalra says.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $38.99 for 90 tablets

9. Best Natural: Navage Nasal Irrigation

Image Credit: Navage/LIVESTRONG.com Creative

OK, so this one isn’t a medicine. But when it comes to natural remedies for allergies, a 2018 review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found that nasal irrigation can be effective in relieving allergy symptoms. While the overall evidence was low and the studies were small, there are some notable benefits to nasal irrigation: namely, there are no side effects, and it can be used in both adults and children.

When using nasal irrigation, always follow the instructions exactly and only use the solution included with the product. You should never use tap water with nasal irrigation because of a small risk of introducing harmful germs to the sinus cavities, per the FDA.

​Buy it:​ Amazon; ​Price​: $99.95

What to Know Before You Buy OTC Allergy Medicine

1. Pick the Right Medicine for the Job

There are different types of OTC allergy medicines available, from eye drops to pills to nasal sprays, so choosing the right one for the job can help ease your symptoms more effectively.

Dr. Kalra notes that the first go-to for the usual allergy offenders like nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing and post-nasal drip should be an intranasal corticosteroid, such as Flonase, Nasacort or Rhinocort. However, for persistent itchy/watery eyes, an OTC eye drop will probably be most helpful.

2. Stuffed Up? Try a Spray

Many people experience a runny nose as an allergy symptom, but some can also have nasal congestion. If you’re finding yourself stuffed up, Dr. Kalra warns that antihistamines in a pill form will be less helpful.

Instead, consider asking your doctor about a nasal spray to help clear out your nose. (And be sure to rule out any other causes of your congestion, like an infection.)

3. Steer Clear of Sedating Meds

Dr. Kalra explains that there are two main types of oral antihistamines used to control allergies: first- and second-generation h2 antagonists, which work to block histamine when it’s released in your body. Histamine is what causes typically allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing and runny nose, so blocking it can help reduce those symptoms.

Even though all antihistamines work the same way, there are differences between first- and second-generation meds. First-generation antihistamines, such as Benadryl, are sedating medications (in other words, they make you sleepy). Because of their side effects, Dr. Kalra recommends avoiding regular use of any first-generation medications. Instead, choose second-generation meds like Zyrtec, Allegra, Claritin and Xyzal, which can be taken every day.

You can get OTC allergy medications without a doctor’s prescription, but you should always talk with your provider before beginning a medication. Be sure to let them know about any other types of medications you are taking and any medical conditions you have. For instance, some OTC allergy medications are not recommended in people with certain eye diseases, such as glaucoma.

The 7 Best Allergy Medicines and Why They’re So Effe

Allergies are seldom easy to tame. Many allergens, from pollen to dust mites, are tough to avoid altogether, even if you stay indoors as much as possible during allergy season. 

The good news? A massive variety of over-the-counter allergy medication is now readily available to help with everything from runny noses triggered by pet dander to sinus headaches caused by seasonal allergies.

To help you decide when you should use what, we’ve tallied up some of the best allergy medicines on the market.  

What to look for when you’re buying allergy medication

Not sure where to start when it comes to allergy meds? Let’s discuss a few major factors worth considering before you purchase your drug of choice.

• Active ingredients: Different active ingredients trigger different effects. Diphenhydramine (used in Benadryl), for example, is an antihistamine. Antihistamines work differently than  decongestants like pseudoephedrine (used in drugs like Sudafed PE). Learn more about the differences in our comprehensive allergy relief guide.
• Effective duration: Some allergy medicines are intended to be taken every 4–6 hours, while others are formulated to last 24 hours, so you only have to take them once daily. 
• Side effects: Some allergy medicines (like Benadryl) cause drowsiness, which is worth noting if you’re planning to take your allergy medicine in the morning, during the day or anytime you might have to drive.

Type: Antihistamine

Active ingredient: Loratadine 

Dose frequency: Every 24 hours

Claritin is a big name in the world of allergy medicine, and one of the reasons it’s so popular is because its active ingredient, loratadine, is considered a second-generation antihistamine. That means these allergy pills are less likely to cause drowsiness than older drugs like diphenhydramine (Benadryl), while still relieving frustrating allergy symptoms like runny nose, sneezing and itchy eyes. 

Shop this and other Claritin products:

Type: Decongestant 

Active ingredient: Phenylephrine 

Dose frequency: Every 4 hours

Antihistamines are great for everyday allergy relief, but if you’re dealing with serious sinus congestion, you’re naturally going to benefit more from a decongestant. Sudafed PE is an excellent choice. The drug uses phenylephrine, an active ingredient that fights the swelling of blood vessels in order to relieve congestion. 

Take note that Sudafed and other allergy medicines that use phenylephrine are typically kept behind pharmacy counters to curb misuse. You can still buy it without a prescription, though—you’ll just have to ask, and show some ID.

Shop Sudafed PE:

Type: Decongestant

Active ingredient: Oxymetazoline

Dose frequency: Every 10–12 hours

Nasal sprays offer a worthwhile allergy relief option for those who frequently suffer from nasal congestion. And while corticosteroid sprays, like Rhinocort and Flonase, are generally better choices for long-term use, Afrin (which is not a steroid spray) is particularly useful if you’re looking for immediate short-term relief. Just keep in mind that you should only use Afrin for up to 3 days, or you may develop a tolerance and have a tougher time treating congestion in the future.

Shop Afrin:

• Type: Antihistamine
• Active ingredient: Cetirizine
• Dose frequency: Every 24 hours

Zyrtec is a renowned antihistamine that’s known for performing faster (“starts working at hour 1”) than some of its competitors. This makes it exceptionally useful if you’re desperate for quick relief from common symptoms of allergic rhinitis (also known as hay fever), like a runny nose and watery eyes.

Shop this and other Zyrtec products:

• Type: Antihistamine 
• Active ingredient: Fexofenadine
• Dose frequency: Every 24 hours

Like Claritin, Allegra uses a second-generation antihistamine (fexofenadine) to provide fast-acting, non-drowsy relief from common allergy symptoms. And, like Zyrtec, it allegedly performs very quickly (“24 hours of the fastest non-drowsy relief,” per the Allegra website), though you only need to take one dose per day. It’s another strong choice for anyone dealing with common pet-related or outdoor allergies.

Type: Antihistamine 

Active ingredient: Diphenhydramine

Dose frequency: Every 4–6 hours

Trying to get some shut-eye without waking up to a scratchy throat in the dead of night? There’s a solid chance that Benadryl can help. This household name is known not only for its allergy relief properties—courtesy of diphenhydramine, an antihistamine—but for causing marked drowsiness, which can be helpful if your allergy symptoms tend to keep you up at night.

Shop this and other Benadryl products:

• Type: Redness reliever, antihistamine
• Active ingredient: Naphazoline, pheniramine maleate
• Dose frequency: Up to four times a day

Formerly known as VISINE-A, these antihistamine eye drops relieve both redness and irritation caused by allergies. That’s a more comprehensive package than you’ll get with a lot of eye drops, since they often focus more on lubrication and redness relief than tackling allergic reactions directly. 

The best allergy medicine delivered straight to your door

Gearing up to wage war against pesky allergies? Gopuff is ready and raring to deliver the meds you need when you need them most. Browse our full selection of OTC medication, then explore the rest of our health essentials to complete your comprehensive self-care package. Place an order, and we’ll have your package delivered in no time.

Over-the-Counter Allergy Medicine: How to Choose the Best Option

‘Tis the season. Allergy season, that is. Pollen is in the air. Freshly cut grass lines the sidewalks. Then there’s you — sneezing and sniffling.

When allergies strike, you already know the drill: Grab some allergy meds and the softest facial tissue you can find. But after staring at the sea of over-the-counter allergy medicine options, most of us will leave the drug store wondering: Did I even buy the right thing?

To effectively fight allergies, you’ll first want to be sure it’s indeed allergies, and not a cold or even the flu. And given that we’re in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s also important to know which symptoms separate allergies from COVID-19.

The symptoms of allergies include:

• Itchy, watery eyes
• Nasal congestion
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Scratchy throat

“Allergies occur when things in the air around you, such as pollen and grass, cause your nasal passages to become inflamed,” says Dr. Brad Hays, primary care physician at Houston Methodist. “For most people, they’re easily treated with over-the-counter allergy medicine.”

Whether your allergies are seasonal or just a one-time thing, Dr. Hays is here to help you navigate the options you’ll find in the allergy medicine aisle.

Step 1: Take an antihistamine — but choose the right one

As soon as allergy symptoms set in, Dr. Hays says your first line of defense should be antihistamines.

“Antihistamines are really effective for treating allergies,” says Dr. Hays. “They need to be taken every day while you’re experiencing symptoms, and people with seasonal allergies should proactively take them throughout both the fall and spring allergy seasons.”

There are two things you need to know when it comes to choosing the right antihistamine. Dr. Hays says the best antihistamines are ones that are long-acting and non-sedating. To find one that meets this criteria, look for the following types of antihistamines:

• Cetirizine
• Fexofenadine
• Levocetirizine
• Loratadine

Some antihistamine drugs — such as diphenhydramine — are effective, but can make you very drowsy. Dr. Hays recommends taking this type of antihistamine only before bed.

Whether you’re buying name-brand or generic, the antihistamine drug name will be mentioned somewhere on the box — typically on the front.

“One of the main advantages of antihistamines is that they help with the majority, if not all, of your allergy symptoms,” Dr. Hays explains. “In addition, they kick in pretty quickly. You should notice a reduction in your symptoms in just a few hours.”

Step 2: Add a nasal steroid spray

Antihistamines can relieve the mild congestion that comes along with most bouts of allergies, but some people may experience more severe congestion. If this sounds like you, Dr. Hays recommends using a nasal steroid spray in addition to taking an antihistamine.

Until recently, nasal steroid sprays were offered only by prescription. Now, there are a few you can buy over-the-counter, including:

• Budesonide
• Fluticasone
• Triamcinolone

“Nasal steroid sprays won’t help with all of your allergy symptoms, such as itchy and watery eyes, but they do help with nasal congestion, post-nasal drip and scratchy throat,” Dr. Hays explains.

Just like antihistamines, Dr. Hays says that nasal steroid sprays need to be used every day to be effective. The good news is that they’re also generally safe and well-tolerated.

“However, unlike antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays don’t provide quick relief from allergy symptoms,” Dr. Hays says. “It can take a few days for a nasal steroid spray to take effect.”

Step 3: If your allergy symptoms worsen, see a doctor

“A long-acting antihistamine, either alone or in combination with a nasal steroid spray, will relieve most people’s allergy symptoms,” says Dr. Hays.

If you’re taking over-the-counter allergy medicines and your symptoms continue or worsen, it may be a sign of a more serious condition, such as chronic sinus infections or sinus polyps. Follow up with your doctor if your symptoms are serious or frequent.

Medications to Treat Pollen Allergies

You’re already doing your best to avoid pollen, but you still might need medication to ease your seasonal allergies. A few types can help.

Check with your doctor before you start taking any of these medicines, even if you don’t need a prescription. That way, your doctor can make sure you’re taking what you need and watch for any side effects.

Nasal Steroids

These are drugs you spray into your nose. They are the first choice of treatment for allergic rhinitis. They relieve congestion, a runny or itchy nose, sneezing, and other symptoms. Nasal steroids are often the first treatment doctors recommend.

Some steroid sprays require a doctor’s prescription, but three of them, budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase) and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR), do not. It’s best to start using them before pollen season begins and to keep taking them as long as it lasts. It may take up to a week before your symptoms get better.

Steroids you take by mouth (oral steroids) are only used in rare cases to treat nasal allergies.

Antihistamines

These drugs work against the chemical histamine. Your body makes histamine during an allergic reaction, and it causes the symptoms that make you miserable.

Antihistamines are available in pills and nasal sprays. The pills target itching, sneezing, and runny nose. The nasal sprays work on congestion, an itchy or runny nose, and postnasal drip.

Some over-the-counter pills can fight your symptoms for longer. Be careful, as they can also make you drowsy:

• Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
• Fexofenadine (Allegra)
• Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
• Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin)

Others can make you feel drowsy, such as:

• Brompheniramine (Dimetapp Allergy, Nasahist B)
• Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
• Clemastine (Tavist)
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

You’ll need a prescription to get other types of antihistamines in a nasal spray, including

• Azelastine (Astelin)
• Azelastine/Fluticasone (Dymista). This combines an antihistamine with a nasal steroid.
• Olopatadine (Patanase).

Decongestants

These drugs unclog your stuffy nose. You can take some types as pills or liquids, like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. Others come in a nasal spray, like oxymetazoline and phenylephrine.

Don’t use the decongestant nasal sprays for more than 3 days in a row, or you might get rebound congestion, which means you get congested all over again.

Remember that decongestants can also cause problems, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. If you have heart problems or high blood pressure, you shouldn’t take them. If you have a prostate problem that makes it hard to urinate, these drugs can make it worse. It’s a good idea to talk to your doctor first to see if a decongestant will work for you.

Other Medications and Combinations

Cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)  is a nasal spray that keeps certain cells in the body called mast cells from releasing chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. It’s available without a prescription and helps a runny/itchy nose, sneezing, and congestion.

The prescription drug montelukast (Singulair) blocks substances called leukotrienes. They can cause the swelling linked to asthma and allergies.

Nasal ipratropium is a prescription nasal spray that can help if you have a runny nose because of your allergies.

Some products include more than one kind of drug. Allegra-D, Claritin-D, and Zyrtec-D have both an antihistamine and the decongestant pseudoephedrine.

Allergy Shots and Other Immunotherapy

You call them allergy shots. Your doctor calls it “immunotherapy.” By either name, the goal is the same: Retrain your immune system so it doesn’t go into allergy mode.

When you get allergy shots, your doctor gives you small, gradually increasing amounts of the pollens that are causing your symptoms. Over time, your body builds up a resistance to them. The shots are a long-term commitment, likely taking 3 to 5 years. After that, your doctor will see if you still need them.

Instead of getting shots at the doctor’s office, there are also under-the-tongue tablets that you can take at home. The FDA has approved three of these products: Grastek, Oralair, and Ragwitek. They work the same way as shots. The goal is to boost your tolerance of allergy triggers.

The tablets can cause an allergic reaction in some people, so you will need to take your first one at your doctor’s office to make sure it’s safe for you. Even if you don’t have a reaction, you may feel itching or burning in your mouth or lips or have stomach troubles. These problems usually go away after a few days.

What’s Available and Side Effects

Different medications can treat allergies, including steroids and allergy shots, but usually the first thing to try is an antihistamine.

How Antihistamines Treat Allergies

When your body comes into contact with whatever your allergy trigger is — pollen, ragweed, pet dander, or dust mites, for example — it makes chemicals called histamines. They cause the tissue in your nose to swell (making it stuffy), your nose and eyes to run, and your eyes, nose, and sometimes mouth to itch. Sometimes you may also get an itchy rash on your skin, called hives.

Antihistamines reduce or block histamines, so they stop allergy symptoms.

These medicines work well to relieve symptoms of different types of allergies, including seasonal (hay fever), indoor, and food allergies. But they can’t relieve every symptom.

To treat nasal congestion, your doctor may recommend a decongestant. Some medicines combine an antihistamine and decongestant.

What Types of Antihistamines Are Available?

They come in different forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, nasal sprays, and eyedrops. Some are only available by prescription. Others you can buy over the counter (OTC) at your local pharmacy.

Prescription antihistamines include:

OTC antihistamines include:

Eyedrops treat symptoms of eye allergies, including itchy, watery eyes. Some medications combine an antihistamine and a decongestant to ease congestion.

Side Effects of Antihistamines

Older ones tend to cause more side effects, particularly drowsiness.

Newer antihistamines have fewer side effects, so they may be a better choice for some people.

Some of the main side effects of antihistamines include:

If you take an antihistamine that causes drowsiness, do so before bedtime. Don’t take it during the day before you drive or use machinery.

Read the label before you take an allergy drug. Antihistamines may interact with other medications you are taking.

Talk to your doctor first if you have an enlarged prostate, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, kidney or liver disease, a bladder obstruction, or glaucoma. Also check with your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing.

How to find the best seasonal allergy medicine for your symptoms

Springtime can be a glorious season for those who enjoy warmer weather and more sunshine, but it’s a mixed bag for people with seasonal allergies. It’s not just in your head (or sinuses)—allergy season is longer and more relentless than ever. Thanks to global warming, pollen counts are rising almost as quickly as the temperature. 

If hay fever (aka allergic rhinitis) is making you miserable, you’ll be reaching for an over-the-counter medication soon enough, but before you do, check out our guide to the best seasonal allergy medicine.

RELATED: Allergy vs. coronavirus symptoms: Which do I have?

Seasonal allergies: Causes, symptoms, treatment

On the most basic level, allergies occur when your body attacks a foreign substance—that can range from foods to pet dander and dust to pollen.

The length, severity, and cycle of your allergies depends on where you live and what you’re allergic to in particular. For example, allergy-prone North Texans are used to dealing with a wicked ragweed season in the fall, but as temperatures rise, that season has become nearly year-round, according to one local doctor. If trees make you sneeze, your allergy season could begin in February if you’re down south; you’ll be sitting pretty until May or June if you live in the Northern U. S. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology offers an interactive map from the National Allergy Bureau that offers information on local allergen levels.

However, self-diagnosing is not what the doctor ordered. An Australian study observed nearly 300 people who believed they had hay fever based upon their symptoms. Researchers were surprised to find that only 17% of the group selected the correct OTC medication to treat their symptoms, and the bulk of them actually had another condition instead of hay fever. Most selected their medications without consulting a pharmacist while experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. Spending more on drugs that may not treat the condition can result in more missed days at work as well as general discomfort. 60% of people in the survey said that their symptoms had an impact on at least one aspect of their life.

Before you go tackling your symptoms on your own, it’s best to see an allergist for testing; that can head off more serious allergies that can cause deadly complications (such as anaphylaxis) or conditions that can coexist with allergies, like asthma. It can also be hard to differentiate between seasonal allergies, a garden-variety cold, or the flu. Then there’s the question of whether you’re experiencing a sinus headache or a full-blown migraine. These are all great reasons to consult your allergist, doctor, pharmacist, or even telehealth professional—especially since there’s a glut of anti-allergy treatments on the market.

Which allergy medicine works the best?

So, which allergy medicine is best? That’s a great question, and it depends on what kind of allergies you have and what your system can tolerate. You have plenty of options, so let’s break them down by type.

Antihistamines

Oral antihistamines are a classic way to battle your symptoms, but they can cause drowsiness. An allergic reaction causes the immune system to release histamines to battle the foreign body, triggering inflammation that presents as allergy symptoms; antihistamines can reduce or block histamines before they can set off the immune system’s response.

Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is one of the original antihistamines out there, and while it’s still very effective, its sedating side effects can make it an unreasonable choice for daytime use. There are some non-drowsy antihistamine options on the market, like Claritin (loratadine), Zyrtec Allergy (cetirizine), Xyzal (levocetirizine dihydrochloride), and Allegra (fexofenadine) to battle symptoms. These non-drowsy options are called second- and third-generation antihistamines. Some antihistamines are available as nasal sprays, such as Astepro (azelastine), but most sprays are steroids. Common side effects include headaches, nausea, anxiety, dry mouth, and fatigue. These antihistamines are safe to use daily. 

There are also antihistamines that pack a pseudoephedrine punch to ward off sinus congestion, like Claritin-D, Allegra-D, and Zyrtec-D. However, pseudoephedrine can increase blood pressure and cause cardiovascular problems, not to mention triggering anxiety, dizziness, and generally feeling “speedy. ” They’re also dangerous to combine with alcohol. 

Decongestants

Decongestants tackle inflammation and swelling in the tender tissues affected by allergies, which causes nasal congestion, itchy or watery eyes, or a congested chest. One of the most popular decongestants is Sudafed, but its main active ingredient is pseudoephedrine, which plenty of users can’t tolerate. Robitussin Cough+Chest Congestion is an alternative decongestant for people who have high blood pressure or otherwise can’t tolerate pseudoephedrine. Mucinex (guaifenesin) is a popular choice to loosen up mucus in the chest and make coughing more productive.

Afrin and Neo-Synephrine nasal allergy sprays are effective but generally not favored by healthcare providers; continuous use can cause what’s known as rebound congestion. If you’re debating between Afrin and Flonase (fluticasone propionate), a corticosteroid, this will help you weigh the pros and cons. Decongestants can be useful for stuffiness and mucous build-up and are often used in conjunction with antihistamines. However, the aforementioned side effects make these a tricky option. They’re also not recommended for pregnant people in the first trimester.

Eye drops

If dry, itchy eyes are your main allergy symptom, eye drops may be the best solution. There are two varieties available: antihistamine and decongestant eye drops. Some popular ones include: Visine, Clear Eyes, Refresh Optive, Lastacaft, Acular, and Elestat. Talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider about which one might be right for you.

Nasal steroids

If you have seasonal or year-round allergies, corticosteroid sprays could be the answer. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24hr (triamcinolone), Nasonex (mometasone), and Rhinocort (budesonide) are a few of the more popular sprays, and while they’re thought to be more effective than antihistamines or decongestants, they don’t work as quickly, and you have to take them regularly. They also come with a slew of possible side effects, like osteoporosis, high blood pressure, memory and mood issues, and weight gain. Long-term users can face even more serious side effects, such as decreased immunity, heart disease, and thinning of the skin. Still, nasal steroids are thought to be more effective in general than other options for ongoing allergies.

Allergy shots

Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy, otherwise known as allergy shots, takes dedication but it can really pay off in the end. People with seasonal allergies can benefit as much as those who are allergic to food, pet dander, or insect stings. The allergist will inject a small amount of the allergen in question under the skin once a week for the first seven months or so. After that, treatments will taper off to once every two weeks, and eventually once every four weeks, for anywhere from three to five years or longer. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a needle-free way to develop immunity to allergens, but the newer technology can only treat one allergen at a time, whereas SCIT can treat several.

If you don’t have insurance or you’re underinsured, allergy shots can be prohibitively expensive, and they require a real commitment to continuing the treatment over the duration of several years. However, as per the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, these shots are “the only treatment that changes the immune system.”

How to get rid of seasonal allergies fast

Even with the appropriate prescription, some individuals may not find complete relief from their seasonal allergy symptoms. Thankfully, there are several tips to keep in mind to help offset your runny nose and itchy eyes:

• Stay indoors on windy days when pollens are more likely to be airborne.
• Wear a mask when doing yard work or any time you are outside and exposed to triggers.
• Watch your local weather forecast to find out when pollen counts are low and play your outdoor activities on these days.
• Invest in air purifiers for the rooms in your home, ideally with HEPA filters; there are also vacuums with HEPA filters built right in.
• Investigate alternative therapies to treat your allergies, with guidance from your general practitioner. Some people have found allergy relief using nasal irrigation, getting acupuncture, or eating honey (if they’re not allergic, of course).

Relief is possible from seasonal allergies with the proper diagnosis, medication, and by planning outdoor activities ahead of time.

How to save on allergy medication

When you’ve been suffering from seasonal allergies day in and day out with no relief in sight, you’d more than likely pay any price for medication that works. Yet the cost of common antihistamines are often quite high, and even the popular option Claritin charts at nearly $1 per day. 

Here’s where visiting your family physician can be beneficial in more ways than one—not only will an appointment likely diagnose the cause of your symptoms and provide a clear course of treatment, but a prescription for steroids or antihistamines could be cheaper in the long run. Using insurance to cover the cost of your medication could result in a less expensive and more effective result.

However, prices at pharmacies can vary dramatically even within the same town, so it’s always recommended to use SingleCare to make sure you’re paying the lowest price possible!

Doctors told how to make life easier with pollen allergy

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Doctors told how to make life easier with pollen allergy

Doctors told how to make life easier with pollen allergy – RIA Novosti, 03.03.2020

Doctors told how to make life easier with pollen allergy

Doctors interviewed by RIA Novosti gave advice to those who suffer from seasonal pollen allergy. RIA Novosti, 03.03.2020

2019-05-08T03: 21

2019-05-08T03: 21

2020-03-03T14: 12

Society

Russia

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MOSCOW, May 8 – RIA Novosti. Doctors interviewed by RIA Novosti gave advice to those who suffer from seasonal pollen allergies: they recommend going outside after dinner, wearing glasses, showering and washing your hair after every walk, as well as not drying clothes outside and turning on the air conditioner in the apartment. She added that there are also non-medicinal nasal products that create a cellulose film and reduce the contact of the nasal mucosa with the environment.It is also important to remember that plants intensively emit pollen in the morning hours – from 5 to 11, at this time the intensity of dusting is maximum, and in the evening it decreases, so if there is an opportunity, it is better for allergy sufferers to leave the house after 11, Shartanova noted. also significantly decreases after the rain, so allergy sufferers can take the opportunity to walk at this time, the doctor added.M. Sechenova, candidate of medical sciences Asel Nurtazina said that the concentration of pollen does not change even at the height of the 17th floor, so allergy sufferers should use an air conditioner and do not open windows. If there is no air conditioner, then a damp cloth or fine mesh can be hung on the window, which will prevent pollen from entering the house, she said. it is difficult to leave for a month or more, “Shartanova said.But you need to take into account which region the allergic person travels to, since some trees and herbs that belong to the same botanical group can cause a similar allergic reaction, Nurtazina emphasized. However, these simple rules only make life easier for allergy sufferers, but for the treatment of allergies, you need to contact The only method that exists today that can affect the cause of the allergy and prevent its further development is allergen-specific immunotherapy, experts say.The method involves the gradual introduction of the allergen into the human body in increasing doses, starting with a very small one, Shartanova specified. Thus, the patient gradually gets used to the allergen. Such treatment is best carried out in winter, when there is no exacerbation of the allergic reaction. The effectiveness is from 70 to 90 percent, the doctor explained. During an exacerbation of an allergy, patients are prescribed symptomatic treatment – these can be antihistamines or corticosteroid drugs, Nurtazina specified.However, any treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor; doctors do not recommend taking allergy medications on their own. According to statistics, more than 30 percent of the population in Russia suffers from pollen allergy, experts said. And in recent years, the incidence has been increasing. This is connected, on the one hand, with the improvement of diagnostics, and on the other, with the deterioration of the ecological situation in the country, Shartanova said.

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MOSCOW, May 8 – RIA Novosti. Doctors interviewed by RIA Novosti gave advice to those suffering from seasonal pollen allergies.

They recommend going outside after dinner, wearing glasses, showering and washing your hair after every walk, and not drying your clothes outside and turning on the air conditioner in your apartment.

“There are, of course, barrier methods: to protect your eyes you need to wear glasses, after each going outside it is advisable to take a shower and wash your hair, change clothes after returning home, as pollen settles on it,” said the allergist-immunologist , head of the polyclinic department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Research Center Institute of Immunology” of the FMBA of Russia, Doctor of Medical Sciences Natalia Shartanova.

She added that there are also non-medicinal nasal products that create a cellulose film and reduce contact of the nasal mucosa with the environment.

May 1, 2019, 03:40

Spring flowering increased the demand for medicines for allergies among Russians

It is also important to remember that plants intensively emit pollen in the morning hours – from 5 to 11, at this time the intensity of dusting is maximum, and by the evening it decreases, so if there is an opportunity, it is better for allergy sufferers to leave the house after 11, Shartanova noted.

The concentration of pollen also drops significantly after rain, so allergy sufferers can take the opportunity to walk during this time, the doctor added.

In turn, the allergist-immunologist, assistant of the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology of the I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Candidate of Medical Sciences Asel Nurtazina said that the concentration of pollen does not change even at the height of the 17th floor, so allergy sufferers should use an air conditioner and do not open windows. If there is no air conditioner, then a damp cloth or fine mesh can be hung on the window to prevent pollen from entering the house, she said.

“The best option is to leave for another region where the plant, to which a person is allergic, does not bloom, but it is very difficult for patients to leave for a month or more,” Shartanova said.

But you need to take into account which region the allergic person travels to, since some trees and herbs that belong to the same botanical group can cause a similar allergic reaction, Nurtazina emphasized.

However, these simple rules only make life easier for allergy sufferers, but to treat allergies, you need to see a doctor.

“Unfortunately, allergy is a progressive disease, it starts with minimal symptoms and gradually develops over the years under the influence of various factors.At the initial stage, allergies are easier to cure, especially in childhood, when the immune system is active, “Shartanova said.

The only method that exists today that can affect the cause of allergies and prevent its further development is allergen-specific immunotherapy, note experts

The method involves the gradual introduction of the allergen into the human body in increasing doses, starting with a very small dose, Shartanova specified. Thus, the patient gradually gets used to the allergen.

This treatment is best done in winter, when there is no exacerbation of the allergic reaction. Effectiveness ranges from 70 to 90 percent, the doctor explained.

During an exacerbation of an allergy, patients are prescribed symptomatic treatment – it can be antihistamines or corticosteroid drugs, Nurtazina specified. However, any treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor; doctors do not recommend taking allergy medications on their own.

In total, according to statistics, more than 30 percent of the population in Russia suffers from pollen allergy, experts said.And in recent years, the incidence has been increasing. This is connected, on the one hand, with the improvement of diagnostics, and on the other, with the deterioration of the ecological situation in the country, Shartanova said.

23 April 2019, 08:45

Rospotrebnadzor told what to do in case of allergy to pollen

April 4, 2019, 12:12

treatment of hay fever

Author, editor and medical expert – Klimovich Elina Valerievna.

Date of last update: 26.08.2021

Number of views: 213 437.

Average reading time: 20 minutes.

Contents:

Causes
Seasonal allergic rhinitis
Year-round allergic rhinitis
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis
Differences between allergic rhinitis and colds
Treatment of allergic rhinitis
Treatment of allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis treatment
Antihistamines in children
Antihistamines nasal treatment

Allergic rhinitis (runny nose) is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is based on a hypersensitivity reaction to certain substances.This is the most common form of allergy in adults, and is diagnosed in seven out of ten allergy sufferers. Symptoms of this ailment can be found in every fourth child ¹ .

Code of allergic rhinitis in ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition) – J30 ¹ .

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Causes

All allergic rhinitis has one cause – a special reaction of the immune system to allergens. They show the properties of antigens, that is, the body considers these substances as foreign and potentially dangerous and begins to produce antibodies against them – special proteins, immunoglobulins.In the case of allergies, these are class E immunoglobulins (Ig E).

Animal or plant proteins are more often used as stimuli ¹ . But sometimes it is other chemicals that combine with the proteins of the human body, modify them beyond recognition and thereby convert them into antigens 90 170 1 90 171.

The first encounter with an allergen does not appear outwardly, but leads to sensitization – the appearance of the body’s immune alertness and the production of antibodies.An intolerance reaction occurs with repeated contact.

As soon as the irritant gets on the nasal mucosa, antibodies surround it and bind it. The resulting complexes absorb immune mast cells, the death of which leads to the release of inflammatory mediators. The main one is histamine. It dilates blood vessels, causes blood flow, mucosal redness, swelling, increased secretion of nasal mucus and itching and burning 90 170 1.2 90 171.

Predispose to the development of allergic rhinitis ¹ :

• hereditary features,
• anomalies in the development and deformity of the nasal cavity,
• prolonged contact with allergens,
• frequent colds,
• ).

The appearance of the disease in children, in addition to the above, is facilitated by ⁵ :

• functional immaturity,
• immaturity of the nervous system, in particular its link regulating the tone of blood vessels,
• metabolic problems,

,

• diathesis allergy.

A runny nose as a manifestation of allergy is more common in children over 4-6 years old ¹ , it is by this age that the child’s body begins to actively perceive inhaled allergens.Until this age, food intolerance predominates ¹ .

The peculiarities of the course of allergy to respiratory antigens made it possible to distinguish two types of rhinitis: seasonal and year-round ^1.2.3 :

• Seasonal occurs periodically, most often once or twice a year, and is tied to a certain time of the year.
• Year-round is exacerbated regardless of the season.

Let’s consider these types separately.

Up to the table of contents

Seasonal allergic rhinitis

This disease was named due to the fact that it appears at a certain time of the year.In Russia, this is traditionally a warm season: the end of spring, all summer and the beginning of autumn – when a variety of plants bloom everywhere 90 170 1.4 90 171. It is the pollen of plants in the overwhelming majority of cases that causes the development of allergies (hay fever) 90 170 1 90 171. Also, a reaction of intolerance can be caused by spores of fungi appearing at this time ¹ .

The first peak of the disease

It falls on the end of April, May and the beginning of June. This is the time of flowering trees: birch, ash, poplar, oak, alder, hazel.The most dangerous is birch pollen ⁴ , but poplar fluff itself does not cause allergies, but it carries a huge amount of pollen from other plants.

Second peak

This is the end of June-July, when cereals begin to dust: rye, wheat and their wild relatives – timothy and fescue.

Third peak

This is the time of flowering of weeds: wormwood, quinoa, plantain, ragweed. The latter is recognized as the most potent allergen ¹ .

Seasonal exacerbations of the disease, as a rule, do not last long, they usually last no more than 4 days a week, maximum 4 weeks a year ^1.2.3 .

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Year-round allergic rhinitis

It is distinguished by the fact that symptoms occur regardless of the season. Sometimes exacerbations follow one after another, and the boundaries between them are practically erased. The reason is frequent or even constant contact with the allergen.

The culprits of a lingering rhinitis in such cases are ¹ :

• Dust mites. They live in library dust, bedding, pillows, mattresses, upholstered furniture, clothes, soft toys.Their excrement is the main cause of trouble ^1.3 .
• Mold spores. The development of molds is promoted by increased humidity and temperature. Their favorite places are toilets, the space under the sink, hoods, air purifiers.
• Food allergens (mainly in young children ¹ ).
• Household chemicals, in particular washing powder, soap, shampoos.
• Cosmetics and perfumery.
• Domestic animals, birds, amphibians and even fish.
• Medicines, most often antibiotics.
• Occupational hazards: flour dust, asbestos, medicines, etc.

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Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Appear almost immediately after contact with an irritant ¹ . Usually in the form of:

• sudden itching and burning in the nose,
• repeated sneezing,
• profuse frothy mucous discharge,
• tight nasal congestion,
• redness of the eyes and lacrimation associated with concomitant conjunctivitis.

A high concentration of the allergen and prolonged contact with it lead to a delay in the process and the appearance of ^2.4 :

• puffiness and pallor of the face,
• dryness and cracking of the lips,
• reduced sense of smell,
• frequent headaches ,
• sleep disturbance,
• weakness.

Prolonged disturbance of nasal breathing is often accompanied by cerebral hypoxia, which leads to memory impairment, problems with concentration, decreased mood and performance ⁴ .In addition, overall health worsens.

All this forces the use of vasoconstrictor drugs; they do not relieve allergic rhinitis by themselves and, with prolonged and uncontrolled use, cause dependence 90 170 1.4 90 171. However, they help restore nasal breathing.

Chronic inflammation can cause proliferation of mucous membranes and turbinates – a chronic hypertrophic process ^1.2 .

Vasoconstrictor drugs in this case become ineffective.Only operation ¹ can restore breathing.

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Differences between allergic rhinitis and colds

These diseases have many common symptoms and are fundamentally different in terms of treatment ⁵ . Therefore, before starting therapy, it is important to understand what you have to deal with.

In addition, ^1.5 are used for diagnosis:

• allergy skin tests or prick test,
• blood test for specific immunoglobulin Ig E,
• cytological analysis of nasal discharge,
• rhinoscopy (endoscopic rhinoscopy) – examination of the nasal cavity using a special instrument.

Up to the table of contents

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

Treatment of the disease is conservative and involves the fight against allergies as such and its manifestations.

1. Removal (elimination) of the allergen

To cope with unpleasant symptoms, first of all, it is necessary to exclude contact with the irritant as soon as possible and remove it from the body as quickly as possible and completely.

For this purpose, doctors recommend rinsing the nasal cavity every half hour or hour with normal saline or sea water ^1.2.5 . Both are freely available in the pharmacy, have no side effects and can be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in adults and children of any age 90 170 1.5 90 171.

2. Antiallergic drugs

Shown for severe symptoms of intolerance. Their action is based on the ability to block specific histamine receptors and thereby prevent the development of its effects. Third-generation antihistamines based on levocetirizine and desloratadine are preferred for nasal congestion and allergies 90 170 7 90 171.

A feature of antihistamines is that they are not able to immediately stop the reaction of intolerance 90 170 6.7 .To quickly relieve symptoms, nasal remedies for allergic rhinitis are used – we will talk about them further.

3. Local therapy

This group includes drops and sprays that provide a direct effect on the affected mucous membrane:

• Vasoconstrictor – decongestants

Designed to facilitate nasal breathing with tight nasal congestion ^1.6 .

These include preparations of the TIZIN ^® line: TIZIN ^® Classic and TIZIN ^® Expert, the main active ingredient of which is xylometazoline ⁸ .

Xylometazoline constricts the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, reduces swelling and thus facilitates nasal breathing ⁸ .

TIZIN ^® Expert, in addition, contains hyaluronic acid, which intensively moisturizes the mucous membrane, preventing it from drying out ⁸ .

Vasoconstrictor drugs are temporarily able to solve the problem of the common cold only for a short time. Their use for more than 5-7 days is addictive ^1.2 , therefore, in case of prolonged allergy, other drugs take their place.

• Antiallergic drops and sprays

Affect directly the reaction caused by histamine and other mediators of inflammation ¹ . They will be discussed below.

• Topical hormonal agents

These include drops and sprays based on dexamethasone and other steroids ^1.3.4 .

As medications for allergic rhinitis, they are used for more severe disease and only as directed by a doctor ¹ .

4. Hyposensitizing therapy

^1.2.3

It is carried out if after allergological tests it was possible to accurately identify the allergen ¹ . Treatment is carried out in the absence of cold symptoms ^1.3 . The essence of the technique consists in the sequential introduction of minimal doses of antigen, “teaching” the immune system to respond correctly to contact with an irritant ¹ .

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Antihistamines nasal preparations

Levocabastine preparations are currently the most widely used ¹ .With a mild form of allergy and the timely initiation of treatment, they can prevent the onset and alleviate the symptoms of the seasonal form of the disease. With year-round rhinitis, they are used as an integral part of complex therapy or as an independent symptomatic remedy ¹ . An example of such formulations is Tizin ^® Allergy.

Levocabastine is a second generation antihistamine that acts on the H1 receptors of histamine and thereby reduces its effect on the mucous membrane ¹ .

A high safety profile and the effect of levobakstin were observed during clinical trials ¹ . It can be used not only for adults, but also for children over 6 years old. According to the results, it relieves the symptoms of the disease within 5 minutes and is able to maintain its effect for 12 hours ¹ .

TIZIN ^® Allergy is available in the form of a spray that allows you to evenly irrigate the nasal mucosa.

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Peculiarities of treatment of allergic rhinitis in children

A runny nose in babies requires a visit to a doctor.Prolonged nasal congestion can lead to difficulties in feeding, weight loss, impaired formation of the facial skeleton, malocclusion, mental and physical retardation 90 170 1.5 90 171. The examination will help establish the causes of intolerance and choose the most appropriate treatment.

The main task is to identify the allergen and eliminate contact with it.

Allergy-related rhinitis in children under the first year of life has been little studied. The most likely cause is food allergy – intolerance to breast milk substitutes and foods introduced into the diet as complementary foods, such as chicken eggs, semolina, some types of meat ⁵ .

It is believed that in 70% of cases the disease begins to develop between the ages of 2 to 6 years ⁵ . However, a child gets to the doctor only at the age of 10-12 years with a rather advanced allergy ⁵ , when the appearance of symptoms of a cold is provoked not by one, but by several irritants, including those inhaled with air. All this must be taken into account in the treatment.

In the presence of food factors, an elimination diet is prescribed, that is, allergenic foods are excluded from the diet. In addition, enterosorbents are used to help cleanse the intestines of antigens and toxic substances formed as a result of digestive disorders.

Vasoconstrictor drops for allergic rhinitis in children can be used no more than 3-5 days. In this case, the drug should be for children ^1.5 , that is, the dosage of the active substance should be calculated for the child, as, for example, in Tizin ^® Classic for children and TIZIN ^® Expert for children from 2 to 6 years old ¹⁰ .

TIZIN ^® Allergy ⁹ can be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children over 6 years of age.

If a child develops lethargy, drowsiness, fever, purulent discharge from the nose, pain in the ears, coughing and shortness of breath with wheezing, an urgent need to consult a doctor. In children, allergic rhinitis can lead to the development of bronchial asthma, complicated by bacterial inflammation, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia 90 170 1 90 171.

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Allergic rhinitis during pregnancy

Nasal congestion during pregnancy is more often associated with changes in hormonal levels and the predominant influence of progesterone.The action of this pregnancy hormone promotes the expansion of blood vessels, fluid retention in the body, which leads to swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Pregnancy runny nose affects the course of allergic rhinitis and can aggravate its symptoms. At the same time, there are special fetal safety requirements for medicines used during pregnancy ¹⁰ . Not all drugs correspond to them, therefore, the use of any drug should be discussed with the attending physician.

Certain third-generation antihistamines, nasal seawater and saline are approved.

For xylometazoline-based vasoconstrictor nasal drops and nasal sprays, there have been no studies involving pregnant women ⁸ . These medications should only be used with the permission of the doctor and only if their potential benefits to the mother outweigh the possible harm to the fetus.

The use of hormonal agents, as well as hyposensitizing therapy during pregnancy is prohibited ¹⁰ .

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Prevention

Prevention of intolerance-related rhinitis primarily involves reducing contact with allergens ^1.3.5 .

Seasonal rhinitis

During flowering of irritating plants:

• , if possible, leave the zone of their growth;
• less likely to be outdoors, especially in nature: in the forest, in parks, in gardens, in fields and meadows;
• Use disposable dressings as a respirator and change them every two hours;
• use nasal filters;

• open windows less often;
• use air conditioners and air cleaners equipped with filters;
• to carry out wet cleaning more often in the house;
• give up natural herbal cosmetics;
• if you are allergic to plant pollen, exclude nuts, carrots, celery and parsley, cherries, cherries, apples and pears, peaches, plums and kiwi from the diet;
• with intolerance to cereals, abandon kvass, beer and all flour products, all products in the production of which flour is used, as well as peanuts, cocoa, coffee, corn, soybeans and legumes;
• in case of intolerance to weed pollen, exclude sunflower seeds and all products from it, mustard, chicory, spinach and beets;
• in case of a reaction caused by mold fungi, refuse to use products made from yeast dough, kvass, sauerkraut, pickled cucumbers, wine and sugar, try not to come into contact with rotten grass and foliage, and fight mold in damp rooms.

Year-round form of the disease

In this case, you will have to radically reconsider the attitude towards home improvement:

• remove all carpets, houseplants, soft bedspreads, blankets and toys;
• Store books and magazines in closed cabinets;
• Replace pillows with down and blankets made of wool and down with products with synthetic filling;
• remove pets, birds, amphibians and fish from the house;
• for washing, use only hypoallergenic products intended for baby linen, wash bed linen and towels in hot water at a temperature of at least 60 degrees at least once a week;
• Maintain 50% relative humidity in the apartment;
• Purchase a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter and airtight dust collectors;
• to minimize the use of household chemicals;
• Before taking medications, using new cosmetics and household chemicals, conduct an allergic test.

For drug prevention of rhinitis, mast cell membrane stabilizers are used – sodium cromoglycate derivatives in the form of nasal sprays. Effectively rinsing the nose with saline solutions ^1.4.5 .

Unfortunately, allergic rhinitis in most cases is incurable and accompanies a person throughout his life. Therefore, it is important to learn how to prevent it, to effectively deal with its symptoms.

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The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice.Consult a qualified professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Literature:

1. Snegotskaya, MN Treatment of allergic rhinitis: the role of topical antihistamines / MN Snegotskaya, NA Geppe // Attending physician. – 2014. – No. 1.
2. Macharadze, D. Sh. Allergic rhinitis: clinic, therapy / D. Sh. Macharadze // Attending physician. – 2017. – No. 10.
3. Namazova, L. S. Allergic rhinitis / L. S. Namazova, L. M. Ogorodova // Attending physician.- 2006. – No. 4.
4. Vasina, A.A. Differential diagnosis of ARVI and allergic rhinitis in children / A.A. Vasina // District pediatrician. – 2014. – 02: 7.
5. Kareva, E.N. The choice of an antihistamine: a pharmacologist’s view / E.N. Kareva // RMJ. – 2016. – No. 12. – P. 811–816.
6. Fomina, D.S. The choice of an antihistamine from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine / D.S. Fomina, L.A. Goryachkina // Effective pharmacotherapy. Allergology and Immunology. – No. 1 (1).
7. Instructions for the use of drugs
8. Instructions for the use of the drug TIZIN ^® Allergy.
9. Instructions for use Tizin ^® Classic for children and TIZIN ^® Expert for children.
10. A.A. Vasilieva, R.F. Khakimova. Tactics of management of patients with allergic rhinitis during pregnancy, BULLETIN OF MODERN CLINICAL MEDICINE 2015 Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 82-88.

Read also:

Nasal congestion in case of allergies

Allergies, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment

How to make your life easier with allergies? Is it inherited? What new treatments have appeared? These and other questions are answered by the chief freelance specialist – allergist-immunologist of the Moscow Department of Health Alexander Pampura.

Spring has broken through to the capital, and soon the majority of Muscovites will enjoy greenery, warmth and sun. Unfortunately, many will instead sneeze, cough, and cry due to their pollen allergy. Is it possible to get rid of the spring misfortune, which manifestations of allergies are the most dangerous and what is the hygiene theory – in the material Mos.ru.

– Alexander Nikolaevich, what are the main symptoms of allergy?

– Symptoms vary from person to person and are largely related to the type of allergy.For example, if there is a hypersensitivity to food, it is primarily skin manifestations and lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. If you are allergic to inhalation irritants – pollen and animal hair, then sneezing, coughing, and shortness of breath appear.

– What season is the peak of allergies? Spring?

– On our territory – yes, April – May. People who are sensitive to birch, alder and hazel pollen suffer. They need to try to avoid allergens: less to go outside in sunny windy weather, bypass parks and squares.You also need to wear a cap or scarf, sunglasses. Medical masks do not help, moreover, allergens can accumulate on them and it will only get worse. In the car, you must turn on the air conditioner and do not open the windows. The same at home.

– Can you prepare in advance to make your life easier in the spring?

– Modern method of treatment – allergen-specific immunotherapy. Its meaning is that the patient is first injected with small doses of the allergen, and then they are gradually increased.And after a while a person simply stops responding to the stimulus. But with this method, the patient’s motivation, good contact with the doctor and the willingness to follow all his recommendations are very important. In addition, this is a long-term therapy: the effect is usually assessed in the second or third year of treatment.

– Is this therapy carried out throughout the year?

– There are several treatment regimens. The most common are injection and sublingual (under the tongue.- Approx. mos.ru) introduction of allergens. Typically, allergen immunotherapy is started several months before flowering and a certain number of injections are given. The procedure is repeated the next year. By the way, this is how you can treat allergies not only to pollen, but also to house dust mites.

– Is it necessary to treat pollen allergy at all? Or is it easier to endure a couple of months a year?

– It is absolutely necessary to treat, because allergies greatly impair the quality of life.For example, seasonal rhinitis reduces student performance by an average of one point.

The most dangerous nosology is anaphylactic reaction. It can occur to different allergens. But most often – to food or medicine

– What type of allergy is the most dangerous and can be fatal?

– The most dangerous nosology is anaphylactic reaction. It can occur to different allergens. But most often – for food or medicine. With anaphylaxis, symptoms occur from at least two body systems.For example, skin rashes appear and at the same time it becomes difficult to breathe.

– How many people have this hypersensitivity?

– About two percent of the population, this is a large number and a huge problem for the whole world. Children most often react to milk, eggs, fish. Adults – for peanuts and seafood. Even in adults, especially the elderly, a severe reaction to medication is added. First of all, antibacterial drugs and local anesthetics. Also, anaphylaxis can occur during operations when a large number of drugs are administered to a person.The extreme manifestation of anaphylaxis is anaphylactic shock.

– But do people suffering from such a severe form know about their allergies?

– As a rule, they do not know when this happens for the first time.

– What should others do if a person develops anaphylaxis?

– Generally you need to use adrenaline. But usually no one carries it with them, so you need to call an ambulance. After the first episode, it is very important that the person see a specialist and be diagnosed with anaphylaxis.Because the next time the attack might be harder. After the patient is diagnosed, he receives a special treatment with the necessary medications and a description of the sequence of actions.

– There is a theory on the Internet that allergies are treated through anaphylactic shock.

– This is extremism, adequate specialists do not deal with this.

– Can a person know in advance if they are allergic to pets?

– Yes, you can carry out diagnostics before getting a pet.But there are situations when the test shows a negative result, people give birth to an animal, and after a while the allergy still manifests itself. Moreover, this can happen even after a few years.

– Some doctors advise girls to remove pets during pregnancy so that the baby does not develop allergies. Others do the opposite. Whom to believe?

– If there were animals in the house, then during pregnancy it is not necessary to get rid of them. We advise expectant mothers the following: do not smoke, avoid stress, do not take antibiotics unnecessarily.And it is also important not to narrow the diet, that is, to eat as usual.

– What are the tips for the prevention of allergic diseases in children?

– What we just talked about is already prevention. And after the birth of a child, breastfeeding is necessary for at least three to four months. Again, do not smoke. It is also recommended to moisturize the baby’s skin. This primarily applies to children with a predisposition, that is, those whose closest relatives are allergic.

– What types of allergies are inherited?

– It is not a disease that is inherited, but a predisposition to it. For example, if both mom and dad have allergic diseases, the probability that the child will have them too is 70-80 percent. But the number of children with hereditary burden is only 30-40 percent of all allergy sufferers. That is, healthy parents can have a child with allergies and, conversely, allergy sufferers can have a healthy child.Therefore, it is currently impossible to create a universal prevention program for all children. This is a big problem.

– What diseases can be hidden behind the symptoms of hypersensitivity?

– First of all ARVI. Therefore, in the spring, during the flowering of trees, many people think that they have an allergy, but in fact it is a respiratory infection. Better to see a doctor and clarify the situation.

– Where in the capital can you be tested in order to understand what exactly the allergy is?

– Many city hospitals and clinics have allergists.There is also a specialized center for allergology and immunology in the city clinical hospital No. 52.

– What types of allergies do Muscovites most often visit doctors with and what is the reason?

– The circulation is related to the season. Due to the high exposure to pollen allergens, in spring, they mainly come with allergic rhinitis and bronchial obstruction. In winter, they often turn to because of the symptoms of bronchial asthma: people spend a lot of time in closed heated rooms, and in these conditions, house dust mites are activated.

– How many allergy sufferers are there in Moscow?

– Large-scale epidemiological studies have not been carried out in Moscow. But we can focus on European figures: at least 20-30 percent of the population suffers from allergic diseases.

– Can you proceed from the number of people who see a doctor?

– This will already be callability, and not general statistics. A striking example is allergic rhinitis, which is present in at least 15 percent of the population.And those who turned to a specialist – only three to five percent.

– Let’s say a person comes to the doctor and wants to find out what he is allergic to. How is research done?

– Allergy diagnostics begins with the collection of information about the patient. Next, the tests that are most optimal for a particular patient are selected and a study is carried out with the most common allergens. Among them, for example, egg, milk, fish and wheat.

Now we have the opportunity to carry out molecular diagnostics using allergy chips.They simultaneously test for 112 allergens, and for sensitivity to specific proteins. This allows us to know which protein the patient is responding to. Accordingly, we understand how severe his reactions can be and what methods are best to treat him.

– What medicines?

– Medicines, including but not limited to. In fact, the main thing is the personalization of therapy, an individual approach. If the patient leaves the doctor with a huge list of what he needs to exclude, the consultation is likely to be ineffective.We need to dig deeper: look not only at the test results, but also at the anamnesis, analyze the patient’s complaints and objective data. It is necessary to find out what exactly the allergy is, and to make point exceptions so that the person’s lifestyle changes minimally. Figuratively speaking, do not try to put an allergy sufferer in a glass cabinet. Plus, the doctor must anticipate how the disease will proceed and prevent possible problems. The most recent research and treatments are related to what is known as targeted therapy.Monoclonal antibodies are selected for a molecule that is significant for the patient. This is a fashionable therapy, it is actively developing now. Perhaps this will be a breakthrough in allergology. But as you can imagine, the drugs are completely new, so the treatment will be very expensive.

– Is it already being used somewhere or while clinical trials are underway?

– Some drugs are already in use. Others are about to appear: they are in the third or fourth phase of clinical trials.

Another area is, let’s say, a new round of allergen-specific immunotherapy, which we have already talked about.The patient is injected not just with an allergen, but with a specific protein to which there is a reaction. The efficiency increases significantly.

– You were one of the initiators of the formation of the register of patients with severe allergic reactions. What is it and why is it needed?

– The register includes the patient’s passport data, symptoms, diagnosis, changes that occur, response to therapy, and so on. I want to note that everything is confidential, only doctors can get access to this information.It is very important to create a register of patients with severe reactions, in particular with anaphylactic reactions. This will give an idea of ​​the real situation with allergic diseases. It will be easier for doctors to identify risk factors, control diseases, and prescribe the right treatment. The register will help systematize knowledge and share experience.

All developed European countries already have this. Moreover, there are national registers, regional and city registers.

– And at what stage is the Moscow one now?

– A working version already exists, patients are being accumulated.

– Patients with what diagnoses will it include?

– Anaphylaxis, Lyell’s syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, severe chronic urticaria.

– The number of allergy sufferers is increasing every year. Many experts attribute this to improved hygiene. Do you agree with them?

– The prevalence of allergic diseases in the 1960s was two to three percent of the population. Now in developed countries, allergy sufferers are already 40-50 percent.It is clear that this is not related to genetics, because it could not change in just 50-60 years. A lot of hypotheses were put forward, and in particular “hygienic”. In a simplified form, it sounds like this: the cleaner, the more likely it is to develop allergies.

Firstly, due to the decrease in the number of infections, the activation of our immunity decreased and we began to suffer from allergic diseases more often. There is a balance between allergen response and infection response. And there are fewer infections thanks to vaccinations.But you need to understand that the potential risk of developing allergies is incomparable with the benefits of vaccination. Secondly, a huge amount of detergents appeared, and thirdly, the diet has fundamentally changed.

Of course, the “hygienic” theory has a right to exist. But it should be treated from the standpoint of science. Do not eat with dirty hands, walk around unwashed and be afraid of detergents – this is wrong. We are, after all, civilized people and live in a metropolis. Hygiene must be observed and try to adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

Link to material: https://www.mos.ru/news/item/22941073/

90,000 Allergic rhinitis: drugs: description of the disease, causes, symptoms, cost of treatment in Moscow

Allergic rhinitis is a fairly common phenomenon. It can affect people of any age, but it is more often diagnosed in children, since their body cannot yet properly respond to stimuli. The symptomatology of the disease is quite clear, so it is not difficult to make the correct diagnosis.Treatment of the disorder is complex, aimed at eliminating the negative reaction of the body and the main manifestations of the pathological condition, such as nasal congestion and profuse mucus production. The medicine for allergic rhinitis is selected by a doctor. The disease can be seasonal, occurring only at certain times of the year, and constant. In both cases, treatment is required without fail and only with the involvement of a doctor. Self-therapy can easily cause serious worsening of the condition and the development of complications.

The disease often seems minor and overlooked. As a result, the correct treatment is not carried out and the pathology progresses. Particularly dangerous is the misconception that the child will outgrow the disorder himself, and therefore should not be treated. If you do not carry out therapy, then, most likely, the disease will not go away with age and will bother you in adulthood. Also, the lack of treatment for pathology in children is also dangerous because, due to constant nasal congestion, oxygen starvation of the brain can develop, which will negatively affect the general condition of the child and his development.

Treat allergic rhinitis only under medical supervision. Most likely, it will not be possible to correctly solve the problem on its own, and improper treatment will only worsen the condition. Also, the ability to use this or that medicine can only be determined by a specialist, since all medicines have certain contraindications and restrictions on their use. Home treatment is only allowed if allergic rhinitis is acute and there is a risk of airway edema.In such a situation, an urgent need to drink a general antihistamine and immediately call an ambulance. In other cases, you should not take any medications before visiting an allergist doctor, and in his absence, a therapist.

Categories of drugs for pathology

First of all, all the funds that are prescribed for pathology should be divided into general and local. Generic medications are medications in shots, tablets, capsules, or drops. They work throughout the body, not just in the affected area.Such remedies prevent the spread of inflammation and edema and are strong and effective. At the same time, the effect of their use does not come instantly and it takes time for their assimilation by the body. Local medicines are drops and sprays that start working as soon as they get on the mucous membrane and in the shortest possible time get rid of the main manifestations of allergic rhinitis. Such treatment turns out to be the main one in the mild form of the disease, and in the case of moderate and severe it is auxiliary.

The following classification divides drugs that are prescribed for the disease into antihistamines, vasoconstrictors and enterosorbents. Vasoconstrictor drugs for allergic rhinitis are always from the local category. These drugs can be addictive and require proper use.

Drugs should be chosen with great care, as they can have unpleasant side effects. If the agent has not been used before, then you must start with the minimum dosage, carefully assessing the condition after it.

Antiallergic tablets and syrups

Such drugs for allergic rhinitis disrupt the synthesis of histamine, due to which allergic manifestations occur. Thanks to such drugs, all the unpleasant symptoms of the disease are gradually removed and the normal state is restored. Today, three generations of drugs can be prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

1. First generation. These drugs include Tavigil, Suprastin and Diazolin.Their strong property is the particularly rapid elimination of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The disadvantage of these drugs is a very strong sedative effect, due to which severe drowsiness appears, which does not allow you to feel normal during the day. They must not be used when driving a machine or performing work that requires a high degree of reaction. The duration of action of such drugs is a maximum of 5 hours, and with prolonged use, they can cause persistent addiction.

2. Second generation. This group includes Claritin, Tsetrin, Loratadin and Lomilan. Drowsiness after taking these pills will not appear. The duration of the effect of taking this medication is about a day. They cannot be used for serious heart problems.

3. The latest generation. The most modern drugs, the most popular of which are Zirtek, Telfast, Tsetrilev and Gismanal. Such funds are distinguished by excellent digestibility and long-term therapeutic effect.They can be used without the risk of addiction for a long time, which allows them to be prescribed for year-round rhinitis of an allergic nature. Side effects from such drugs are minimal, and they do not cause drowsiness or disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system.

Any antihistamine medication should only be used after consulting a doctor. The form in which the medicine is required will also be determined by a specialist. Some antihistamines are available as sprays or drops for topical treatment.Local remedies may even be the main treatment, but only if the disease is mild.

Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays

These drugs are not a medicine, but only help relieve the symptoms of the disease, eliminating the swelling of the mucous membrane and restoring full nasal breathing. They cannot be used without the concurrent use of antihistamines. It should also be borne in mind that these formulations are addictive in a short time.Already after 5-7 days of their use, the vessels of the nasal mucosa stop working on their own and, even after the rhinitis has passed, it will not be possible to get rid of the congestion, but it will be necessary to treat addiction to drops. To avoid such an effect, it is necessary to use these formulations, only strictly observing the dosage and duration of the course of treatment. Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays are an emergency aid for relieving congestion, but not a curing formulation.

The main products from this category are Nazifin, Naphtizin, Galazolin and Vibrocil.The effect from their use occurs within the first minute. Such formulations are completely prohibited for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding and hypertension.

Enterosorbents

Enterosorbents are prescribed quite often for allergic rhinitis. Such funds help to effectively remove a large amount of allergens from the body, improving the general condition and increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Since sorbents absorb all toxins in the body, they are indispensable for allergies.These funds not only help to eliminate irritants, but also remove other harmful substances, which additionally only weaken the body. They should be drunk from the very first symptoms of rhinitis. The most effective in this situation are Enterosgel, Polysorb, Multisorb and Smecta.

Household allergies, allergy symptoms, allergy treatment, allergist-immunologist – Dixion Clinic in Oryol

Article author –
Inna Vladimirovna Zhavoronkova,
allergist-immunologist at the Dixion Clinic

Under the term “household allergy” it is customary to consider various manifestations of allergies that appear in response to the action of habitual factors that surround a person in everyday life: everyday life, in a house, an apartment.

Household and library dust , household chemicals, dry food for aquarium fish, wool , feathers and epidermis of animals and birds and a number of others are the main factors causing the development of household allergies.

House dust is the most common cause of allergies. If you examine it under a microscope, you can see that it consists of human hair and dandruff, carpet fibers, fluff of pillows and feather beds, books, the smallest particles of clothing, mold fungi, wool and dried saliva of domestic animals, particles of insects (cockroaches, bedbugs, bugs, etc.).

Any of these ingredients may cause allergy . However, micro mites, which are found in house dust, play a decisive role in the formation of household allergies.

Insects of the genus Dermatophagoides are visible only under a microscope. They are in every home around the world. The main habitat of these mites is the human bed. It is here that the best conditions for their reproduction are created: high humidity and temperature. Ticks do not bite a person, they feed on desquamated epithelium and dust particles.Reproducing abundantly in bed, especially in the autumn-winter period (up to 2500 mites in 1 gram of dust), mites can settle throughout the apartment and are found in large numbers in bedding and clothes, carpets, in house shoes, under skirting boards, soft toys, etc. etc. The chitinous cover and the release of ticks causes allergies. It has been established that at temperatures below -18 degrees, ticks die within 24 hours, but the allergenicity of particles of dead ticks, their excrement persists for months and even years.

Household chemicals can cause allergies in various ways.Most of them are irritating (irritant) to the respiratory tract. This effect is possessed by paints, solvents, chlorine, perfumes and cosmetics, and many others. Some of them, for example, washing powders with enzymes, can be real allergens and cause allergic reactions by activating immune mechanisms. Many pungent-smelling food products and essential oils also have an irritant effect.

Passive smoking has a special place in the development of manifestations of household allergies.It is known that the presence of a smoking family member (when smoking in an apartment) increases the risk of developing bronchial asthma by 2-4 times. The smoke itself is not an allergen, but it weakens the protective functions of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, facilitates easier penetration of allergens, and has an irritant effect.

Frequent colds, especially viral ones, play an important role in the occurrence of household allergies. During a cold, the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is damaged, and this facilitates the penetration of inhaled epidermal and household allergens into the body, that is, it contributes to the development of allergies.

Household allergies do not occur in everyone, but only in those who are predisposed to the development of allergic diseases. The hereditary mechanisms of allergy predisposition are complex and still not fully defined. It is not so much a specific disease, for example, bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis, that is inherited, but a certain mechanism for the development of allergies. Whether a person with a predisposition to allergies gets sick, and what kind of disease, will depend on his living conditions, the nature of his diet and many other very diverse factors.Therefore, it is very important for children with a predisposition to allergies from the first days of life and even during the mother’s pregnancy to create conditions that protect against the action of various allergens.

The main route of penetration of household allergens into the human body is inhalation, i.e. through the respiratory tract. Therefore, the most common manifestations of household allergies are respiratory diseases, the so-called respiratory allergies – these are allergic rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. One of the most severe manifestations of household allergy is bronchial asthma , which in 80–90% of cases is associated with the action of this particular group of allergens.Less commonly, household allergy manifests itself in the form of skin lesions – a variety of rashes, accompanied by intense itching.

Household allergies are extremely diverse in manifestations, but it can be very difficult to recognize it. The visible manifestations of respiratory allergy, especially in the early stages, are not much different from acute respiratory disease (ARI). As a result, a person misses the early phase of the disease, and bronchial asthma gradually forms, which tends to become heavier and more progressive.

The presence of household allergies can be noticed by the following most important sign: leaving your apartment (in medicine – “elimination”) is accompanied by a decrease in “colds”, the disappearance of coughing and shortness of breath, a decrease in skin rashes, etc .; and returning home (“provocation”) is accompanied by an exacerbation of a characteristic disease (prolonged runny nose, persistent acute respiratory infections, frequent cough, “whistling”, choking, etc.). Allergenic elimination / provocation becomes the most important characteristic when making a diagnosis in the case of two or three repetitions.

The creation of a hypoallergenic life helps to avoid the progression of household allergies.

These are conditions in which the amount and exposure of household allergens is minimized.

To do this, it is necessary to follow the following recommendations :

1. As much as possible, unload the room or even the whole apartment from unnecessary things that can collect dust: curtains, carpets, animal skins, etc.

2. Do wet cleaning daily.

3. When cleaning apartments with an ordinary vacuum cleaner, the patient should not be present. It is also recommended to use a water vacuum cleaner.

4. Wooden and parquet floors must be varnished.

5. Do not keep animals or birds in the house. The intensity of the allergy does not depend on the length of the animal’s coat. There are no non-allergenic animals.

6. Ventilate the apartment, keep the air fresh at night. Use air-purifying filters.

Allergy medications

An allergy is characterized by an excessive response of the immune system to a specific stimulus.In the case of a respiratory allergic reaction to allergens present in indoor air, the following symptoms often develop: cough, red eyes, runny nose, sneezing, difficulty breathing. Although bronchial asthma is not an allergy, allergens in household dust can greatly contribute to its development and complication.

In the case of asthma, as well as with the most severe manifestations of respiratory allergies, you should consult a doctor for appropriate therapy.Some respiratory problems are characterized by severe difficulty breathing, which in severe cases can lead to suffocation if adequate measures are not taken in time.

Signs

Allergy to substances and particles present in indoor air can cause breathing difficulties, up to the development of asthmatic symptoms and asthma attacks. Individuals who are allergic to indoor air components may experience increased allergic symptoms after cleaning their home.This is due to the fact that in the process of such cleaning, a person raises additional allergens into the air and inhales them. Allergies may manifest:

• runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion,
• watery and reddened eyes,
• cough, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, wheezing.

Sources of allergies

Respiratory Allergy Treatment

Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, exogenous allergic alveolitis and similar other diseases develop as a result of a response to allergens present in the indoor atmosphere.If you suspect that you have developed an allergy, consider visiting an allergist.

A visit to a specialist is usually accompanied by a detailed analysis of the patient’s state of health, his examination. The doctor will inquire in detail about the conditions at work and at home, possible contact with pets, etc. In some cases, it may be necessary to carry out so-called skin tests to identify the allergen. In some cases, specialized blood tests may be required.After the cause of the allergy has been identified, the allergist will give recommendations on the form of treatment. He or she can recommend ways to minimize exposure to allergens, as well as specific medications to treat allergies.

Medicines

For obvious reasons, the most effective way to reduce allergy symptoms is to eliminate or minimize contact with the triggering factors. Sometimes minimal contact with an allergy source cannot be eliminated.Sometimes an allergist may recommend the use of certain medications to relieve allergic symptoms.

How are allergies treated? Antihistamines and decongestants are the most common medications for allergy relief. These remedies help reduce sneezing, runny nose, itching, nasal congestion.

Corticosteroid sprays are effective for treating nasal inflammation. In some cases, allergist vaccination is used, which, over a very long period of treatment, gradually increases a person’s tolerance to allergy triggers.For the use of all the listed types of drugs, a specialist consultation is required in order to choose the correct dosage and frequency of their use.

Prevention as a way to minimize allergies

Prevention is the most effective way to prevent the development of allergic manifestations. Unfortunately, the methods used to treat allergies are relatively ineffective and are mainly aimed at alleviating the course of the disease. Accordingly, minimizing or eliminating interaction with the allergen is the most efficient, effective and desirable approach to solving the problem.

For effective prevention of respiratory allergy, the following actions can be recommended:

• regular washing of bedding in hot water,
• exclusion of pets in children’s and sleeping rooms,
• use of special anti-allergenic bedding,
• minimizing the use of carpets,
• a set of measures to eliminate cockroaches in a domestic environment,
• regular wet cleaning.
• control of indoor humidity to avoid the development of fungus in them.

As an effective way of dealing with allergens in the air, we recommend using forced ventilation with air purification using a Tion O2 breather. This device is convenient to use with closed windows, which prevents the penetration of allergens along with the atmospheric air. During the injection of external atmospheric air into the room through the Tion O2 breather, filtration, purification, disinfection and heating of the air take place.

To enhance the effect of the breather, it can be used in combination with the Tion Clever Cleaner and Disinfectant. This appliance is suitable for the effective removal of all kinds of contaminants and allergens, including dust mites, mold, and pet excretion.

How to get rid of allergens in apartment

Our home is a place where we feel completely safe. But when it comes to allergies, your own home can be a source of danger.Even the most perfectly clean and spacious, bright apartment or house can be sources of many allergens. If a person suffers from any form of allergy, this becomes a serious problem, symptoms of both year-round and seasonal reactions are provoked. That is why every conscientious owner should know how to get rid of allergens in an apartment.

What causes allergies?

Most allergens can be found in homes all year round, and in many people they provoke a runny nose, sore throat and itching, tearing after contact with the substance.If allergy symptoms occur regardless of seasonal changes, the following allergens should be excluded:

• Pollen. Can accumulate in the home. Pollen enters the premises on clothing, hair and hair of pets, and also settles on surfaces, penetrating through open doors or windows.

  Symptoms: runny nose and itching in the nose, sneezing attacks, nasal congestion, discomfort in the eyes – tearing, stinging, swelling of the eyelids and their redness. Feeling tired, decreased ability to work.

• Mold. The fungus releases microscopic spores into the air. If inhaled, these spores can cause allergy symptoms. Mold usually grows in warm, humid corners of the home, such as window sills, showers, and under-sink cabinets.

  Symptoms: runny nose with profuse mucus, itching in the nose, sneezing attacks, nasal congestion, watery eyes, cough, difficulty breathing.

• Dust mites.Found throughout the home, but most commonly found in the bedroom. They prefer warm and humid environments and usually live in bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture.

  Symptoms: runny nose and nasal congestion, tearing, itching in the mouth and nose, insomnia, constant fatigue and rapid fatigue, decreased ability to work, signs of conjunctivitis – itching and redness of the eyes.

• Pets. Contrary to popular belief, people with pet allergies are sensitive to saliva, dandruff (dead skin cells), or animal urine rather than fur.This is why breeds of hairless animals, sometimes advertised as “hypoallergenic,” can also cause allergy symptoms.
  Pet waste products are widely distributed throughout the home, but most concentrated in pet’s favorite areas.

  Symptoms: sneezing, coughing, itchy nose, runny nose and congestion, redness of the eyes, discomfort, swelling of the face, allergic dermatitis (rash, urticaria, itching).

  Allergy to pets can lead to bronchial asthma, among the manifestations of which are breathing difficulties, “whistling” and wheezing in the chest, insomnia, night cough and choking.

• Household chemicals. Many household products for cleaning and personal care (detergents, washing powders, adhesives and solvents, hair dyes) not only damage the skin of our hands, but also cause allergies themselves.

  Symptoms: skin rash, itching, redness, cracks, peeling, “urticaria”; runny nose with profuse mucus, nasopharyngeal tickling, cough, itching; if the substance enters the body – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

• Latex.It is generally accepted that latex allergy is an occupational disease that affects doctors and beauty industry professionals who use latex gloves on a daily basis. However, in everyday life we ​​find a sufficient number of latex products that can cause allergies: balloons, baby pacifiers, car and bicycle tires.

  Symptoms: itching and swelling of the skin, redness, wound formation; cracks in the skin, blisters; irritation of the nasal mucosa and eyes.

• Paints and varnishes.Household paints and varnishes can also cause an allergic reaction if the chemicals they contain are inhaled.

  Symptoms: nausea, cough, tearing, pain in the eyes; redness of the skin, itching, rash; runny nose, irritation of the mucous membranes.

• Houseplants. Many types of houseplants we are used to can also cause allergies. The reaction can be caused by essential oils, spores and fragrances produced by plants.

  Symptoms: skin rash and itching, facial edema, runny nose, mucosal irritation, dry cough, increased salivation.

Getting rid of allergens in the bedroom.

The bedroom is perhaps the most important room in our home. This is where we spend most of our time recuperating after a hard day at work. It is here that you need to put things in order first of all, if you are thinking about how to remove allergens from the apartment.To prevent this island of coziness and comfort from becoming a source of danger, you need to carry out some procedures that will help protect the room from allergens.

Fight dust mites. Dust mites are the most common cause of allergies, causing reactions in millions of people around the world. These tiny insects do not like to draw attention to themselves, so it is not so easy to spot them. They live in mattresses, pillows, blankets, sheets, and carpets. As a preventive measure, use hypoallergenic agents, which are usually available in the form of a spray.

A few more tips: wash your bedding often, do not go to bed with wet hair (mites love moisture), and change pillows, blankets and mattresses if possible. Following these tips, you do not have to resort to such a radical method as treating an apartment from allergens.

Wash bedding in hot water. To kill dust mites and flush allergens, set the washing machine to a high temperature – 60 degrees or more.

Remove the blinds. Due to their unusual shape, Venetian blinds accumulate dust in hard-to-reach places, where you cannot reach with a rag. It is preferable to replace them with ordinary fabric curtains, which are easy to remove and wash regularly in a typewriter.

Get rid of unnecessary trinkets. Dust is easy to remove from flat surfaces, on small objects of complex shapes – much more difficult. Think about whether you really need all these CDs, books and toys that give your room a charm and personality.Maybe they should be hidden in closed cabinets?

Wash stuffed toys. Plush toys can store a huge amount of dust, so they need to be washed more often – at least once a month. But remember that constant washing does not have the best effect on the appearance of toys – do not forget to use special anti-wear compounds.

Hide the rugs. The best choices for allergy sufferers are tiles, linoleum and wood floors. If you love soft flooring, then buy a couple of small rugs that can be washed easily.

Keep animals out of bed. No matter how tempting the idea of ​​falling asleep with your beloved pet may seem, it’s better not. Animals are one of the most popular causes of allergies. Their hair and dandruff settle on furniture and cause allergic reactions.

Store clothes elsewhere. When you are outdoors, a huge amount of allergens are deposited on your clothes. It is very important to find another storage place for outerwear – in a closed closet, or better – in another room altogether.

We get rid of allergens in the kitchen.

The kitchen is the epicenter of allergens in the home: food, chemicals, humid air and poor ventilation make this room a real danger for allergy sufferers. To keep your kitchen and dining room safe at all times, follow these simple tips.

Take it easy with the chemicals. Many products that we regularly use on the farm (cleaning, varnishes, paints), firstly, contain chemicals that provoke asthma, and secondly, they contain organic allergens.Try to reduce the amount of such funds and do not forget to throw away unnecessary ones. Always keep them in closed containers.

Don’t forget about wet cleaning. Wipe all kitchen surfaces with a damp cloth at least once a week. Dry fabrics can leave fibers and allergens in your home.

Fight mold in the refrigerator. There is a rubber seal around the perimeter of the door in the refrigerator, in which mold often starts. Wipe it down regularly.

Take care of ventilation. The kitchen is very humid – boiling pots during cooking and a working dishwasher contribute to this. Remember to turn on the hood to reduce the humidity in the room.

Getting rid of allergens in the bathroom.

As in the case of the kitchen, the main danger in the bathroom is the high level of humidity, which stimulates the development of mold. But another problem in the bathroom is stagnant air and lack of air conditioning.Here are some simple tips to help you fight allergens in the bathroom.

Do not forget to disassemble damp laundry. Make sure that wet towels do not accumulate in the room and do not forget to wash them often;

Remove the curtains. Constantly wet curtains are the perfect place for mold to grow. Better to remove them and replace them with a hard glass curtain that is easy to wipe.

Forget about chemical fresheners.This is not the best way to combat bad odor. Better to open the door or window more often, turn on the fan.

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