What are the active ingredients in DayQuil Cold and Flu. How should DayQuil be dosed for adults and children. What are the potential side effects and safety considerations of DayQuil. Is DayQuil effective for treating cold and flu symptoms.

Understanding DayQuil Cold and Flu Medication

DayQuil Cold & Flu is a widely used over-the-counter medication designed to alleviate common cold and flu symptoms. This multi-purpose remedy targets various discomforts associated with these illnesses, providing temporary relief from nasal congestion, cough, headache, sore throat, fever, and minor aches and pains.

Available in both gel cap and syrup formulations, DayQuil is easily recognizable by its distinctive orange color, which sets it apart from its nighttime counterpart, NyQuil. The syrup version features a sweetened orange flavor with a subtle antiseptic aftertaste, making it more palatable for those who struggle with taking medications.

Active Ingredients in DayQuil

A standard 15-milliliter (ml) dose of DayQuil syrup contains the following active ingredients:

• Acetaminophen (325 mg): Pain reliever and fever reducer
• Dextromethorphan HBr (10 mg): Cough suppressant
• Phenylephrine HCl (5 mg): Nasal decongestant

These carefully selected components work synergistically to address multiple symptoms simultaneously, offering comprehensive relief for those suffering from colds or flu.

Proper Dosage Guidelines for DayQuil

Adhering to the recommended dosage of DayQuil is crucial for both effectiveness and safety. The dosage instructions vary depending on the formulation and the age of the individual taking the medication.

Dosage for Adults and Children Over 12

For adults and children aged 12 and above, the recommended dosage of DayQuil syrup is:

• Two tablespoons (30 ml) every four hours
• Do not exceed six doses within a 24-hour period

Dosage for Children Ages 6 to 12

For children between the ages of 6 and 12, the recommended dosage is:

• One tablespoon (15 ml) every four hours
• Do not exceed five doses within a 24-hour period

It’s important to note that DayQuil should not be administered to children under the age of 6 unless specifically directed by a pediatrician. This precaution is in place to ensure the safety of young children whose bodies may react differently to the medication’s ingredients.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Considerations

While DayQuil is generally considered safe when used as directed, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects and situations where caution is advised.

Common Side Effects

Some individuals may experience:

• Nervousness
• Dizziness
• Sleepiness

These effects are typically mild and transient but should be monitored, especially if they interfere with daily activities or persist beyond a reasonable timeframe.

Important Safety Precautions

There are several circumstances under which DayQuil should be avoided or used with extreme caution:

1. Alcohol consumption: Individuals who consume more than three alcoholic beverages per day should avoid DayQuil due to the risk of liver damage.
2. Acetaminophen interactions: Do not take DayQuil concurrently with other medications containing acetaminophen, as excessive intake can lead to liver damage, even in non-drinkers.
3. MAOI interactions: If you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or have taken them within the past two weeks, DayQuil should be avoided due to potential drug interactions.

When should you stop taking DayQuil and consult a doctor? If cold or flu symptoms worsen, persist for more than seven days, or are accompanied by a fever lasting more than three days, discontinue use and seek medical advice. For children, these guidelines apply if symptoms last for more than five days.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of DayQuil

While DayQuil has been a popular choice for cold and flu relief for many years, it’s important to consider its effectiveness in comparison to other treatment options.

Acetaminophen vs. Ibuprofen

A 2010 study from Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center suggested that ibuprofen may be more effective than acetaminophen (the pain-relieving component in DayQuil) for treating cold symptoms such as headaches and fever. This finding applies to both adults and children.

Acetaminophen is commonly known by the brand name Tylenol, while ibuprofen is marketed under brands like Advil and Motrin. This research suggests that consumers might consider ibuprofen-based products as an alternative to DayQuil for certain symptoms.

Cough Relief Efficacy

The effectiveness of DayQuil for cough relief remains a subject of debate in the medical community. A comprehensive study conducted in 2012 reviewed data from 26 randomized controlled trials and reached a surprising conclusion: over-the-counter cough formulations, including DayQuil, showed no significant improvement in cough relief compared to no treatment at all.

This finding raises questions about the true efficacy of the cough suppressant component in DayQuil and similar products. However, it’s important to note that individual responses to medications can vary, and some users may still find relief from these formulations.

Acetaminophen Safety: A Closer Look

Given that acetaminophen is a key component of DayQuil, it’s crucial to understand the potential risks associated with this common medication. Acetaminophen, while generally safe when used as directed, can pose serious health risks if misused or overused.

The Hidden Dangers of Acetaminophen

Many people are unaware that their medicine cabinet may contain a potentially dangerous medication in the form of acetaminophen. This pain and fever reducer, found in numerous over-the-counter products, can be extremely hazardous when taken in excess of the recommended dosage.

A common scenario leading to acetaminophen overdose involves individuals unknowingly taking multiple products containing this ingredient. For example, a person might take DayQuil for cold symptoms and then add another acetaminophen-containing product for additional pain relief, inadvertently exceeding the safe daily limit.

Recognizing Acetaminophen in Various Products

Acetaminophen is present in a wide range of over-the-counter medications, including:

• Tylenol
• Goody’s Powder
• Excedrin
• Cetafen
• Various cold and flu remedies

This widespread presence increases the risk of accidental overdose, as consumers may not realize they are ingesting multiple sources of acetaminophen.

The Consequences of Acetaminophen Overdose

Exceeding the recommended daily dose of acetaminophen can lead to severe and potentially permanent liver damage. In fact, acetaminophen overdoses have become the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States, according to a 2005 report by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

How can excessive acetaminophen intake cause liver damage? The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing acetaminophen. When taken in large amounts, it can overwhelm the liver’s ability to process the drug safely, leading to the accumulation of toxic byproducts that damage liver cells.

Special Considerations for Acetaminophen Use

While acetaminophen is generally safe for most adults when used as directed, certain groups need to exercise extra caution:

Children and Acetaminophen

Children under 12 years of age require lower doses of acetaminophen compared to adults. Parents and caregivers should always follow age-specific dosing instructions carefully and use appropriate pediatric formulations.

Why do children need different dosages? Children’s bodies process medications differently than adults due to their smaller size and developing organ systems. Using adult dosages in children can lead to overdose and potential liver damage.

Individuals with Liver Conditions

People with pre-existing liver problems may need to use a lower maximum dose of acetaminophen or avoid it entirely. The liver’s reduced capacity to metabolize the drug in these individuals increases the risk of toxicity even at standard doses.

How should those with liver conditions approach acetaminophen use? It’s crucial for individuals with liver diseases or a history of liver problems to consult their healthcare provider before using any acetaminophen-containing products, including DayQuil.

Strategies for Safe Acetaminophen Use

To minimize the risks associated with acetaminophen while still benefiting from its pain-relieving and fever-reducing properties, consider the following strategies:

Read Labels Carefully

Always check the labels of all medications you’re taking to identify those containing acetaminophen. This includes prescription drugs, as some may contain acetaminophen in combination with other active ingredients.

What should you look for on medication labels? Look for “acetaminophen” in the active ingredients list. Be aware that it may be listed under different names in other countries, such as “paracetamol” in the UK and Australia.

Track Your Total Daily Intake

Keep a record of all acetaminophen-containing products you take throughout the day to ensure you don’t exceed the maximum recommended daily dose.

What is the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for adults? The FDA recommends no more than 4,000 mg per day for adults. However, some healthcare providers suggest a lower limit of 3,000 mg per day to provide an additional safety margin.

Use Alternative Pain Relievers When Appropriate

Consider alternating acetaminophen with other pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, under the guidance of a healthcare provider. This can help reduce the total amount of acetaminophen consumed while still managing pain effectively.

When might alternative pain relievers be preferable? For conditions involving inflammation, such as arthritis or muscle sprains, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen may be more effective than acetaminophen.

Recognizing Signs of Acetaminophen Toxicity

Despite precautions, acetaminophen overdose can still occur. Recognizing the signs of toxicity early is crucial for prompt treatment and prevention of severe liver damage.

Early Symptoms of Acetaminophen Overdose

Initial signs of acetaminophen toxicity may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant
• Fatigue or weakness

These symptoms may appear within hours of ingesting excessive acetaminophen but can sometimes be delayed for up to 24 hours.

Late-Stage Symptoms

As liver damage progresses, more severe symptoms may develop, including:

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Confusion or disorientation
• Dark urine
• Bleeding or bruising easily

What should you do if you suspect acetaminophen overdose? Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms are mild. Early treatment with the antidote N-acetylcysteine can prevent or minimize liver damage if administered promptly.

In conclusion, while DayQuil and other acetaminophen-containing products can be effective for managing cold and flu symptoms, it’s crucial to use them responsibly. By understanding the potential risks, following dosage instructions carefully, and being aware of your total acetaminophen intake, you can safely benefit from these medications while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using acetaminophen or other over-the-counter medications, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications.

What You Need to Know About DayQuil Cold and Flu

DayQuil Cold & Flu is a multi-purpose medication used to treat the common symptoms of a cold or flu. It is available in different formulations and designed to provide temporary relief of nasal congestion, cough, headache, sore throat, fever, and minor aches and pains.

BSIP/UIG/Getty Images

Formulation

DayQuil is available in either a gel cap or syrup formulation. Both are orange-colored (in contrast to their nighttime counterpart, NyQuil, which is green). The syrup has a sweetened orange flavor with an antiseptic aftertaste. DayQuil contains the following active ingredients per 15-milliliter (ml) dose:

Recommended Dosage of DayQuil

The dosage of DayQuil varies by the formulation. For the standard syrup formulation, the recommended dosage is as follows:

• Adults and children over 12: two tablespoons (30 ml) every four hours with no more than six doses per 24 hours
• Children ages six to 12: one tablespoon (15 ml) every four hours with no more than five doses per 24 hours

DayQuil should not be used in children under six unless under the direction of a pediatrician.

Side Effects and Considerations

While DayQuil is considered safe if used as directed, it can cause nervousness, dizziness, or sleepiness in some and should be avoided in the following circumstances:

• DayQuil can cause liver damage in people who drink more than three alcoholic beverages per day. Do not take DayQuil with other medications containing acetaminophen. Taking excessive acetaminophen may cause liver damage even in non-drinkers.
• Do not take DayQuil if you are taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or have taken one in the past two weeks. MAOIs are a class of drug used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.
• You should stop taking DayQuil and call your doctor if your cold or flu symptoms worsen, last for more than seven days, or are accompanied by a fever lasting for more than three days. For children, the same rules apply if the cold or flu symptoms last for more than five days.

Drug Effectiveness of DayQuil

While the acetaminophen component of DayQuil is effective in treating cold symptoms such as a headache and fever, a 2010 study from Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center suggested that ibuprofen is a far superior option for both adults and children.

Acetaminophen is better known by the brand name Tylenol. Ibuprofen, meanwhile, is marketed under the brand names Advil and Motrin, among others.

In terms of cough relief, the jury remains largely split. A study conducted in 2012 reviewed data from 26 randomized controlled trials and found that OTC cough formulations, including DayQuil, provided no better or worse relief over receiving no treatment at all.

Staying Safe While Taking Acetaminophen

By Lori C. Dupree, Pharm.D., BCPS

Did you know that your medicine cabinet might contain a potentially dangerous medication? This medicine is a pain and fever reducer that many people take regularly. Its’ generic name is acetaminophen, but you may know it by its brand name: Tylenol®.

When taken correctly, acetaminophen is very safe; however, it can be extremely dangerous when more than the recommended amount is taken.

I recently saw a patient in the hospital who took two medications for a headache that would not go away. Her headache soon became the least of her worries as she was admitted to the hospital for an acetaminophen overdose.

This patient was confused about why the overdose happened because she only took two different products to help her headache. Unfortunately, both products contained acetaminophen and the combined amounts were greater than the recommended daily dosage.

The drugstore shelves are filled with products like Tylenol®, Goody’s® Powder, Excedrin®, Cetafen, and other non-prescription medicines that contain acetaminophen. So, overdoses with acetaminophen products can happen by accident.

How can such a commonly used medication be so problematic? Taking acetaminophen in amounts that exceed the recommended daily dose can cause permanent liver damage. In 2005, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases reported that acetaminophen overdoses had become the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Also, children less than 12 years of age need to use lower doses, and people with liver problems may need to use a lower maximum dose or avoid using the product entirely.

So, if maximum daily doses and instructions for use are on the product’s label, how do so many overdoses happen? As mentioned above, acetaminophen is found in a number of non-prescription and prescription products used to treat a variety of conditions.

For example, a person with a headache may take two tablets of Extra Strength Tylenol® for pain relief. At the same time, he or she may take a dose of DayQuil® for relief of their cold and flu symptoms.

He or she has now taken almost half the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen in a matter of seconds. If this person continues to take the medicines throughout the day at recommended intervals, he or she could easily find themselves in the emergency room… all because of a headache and the sniffles! Luckily, most overdoses with acetaminophen are treatable with minimal lasting damage.

The moral of the story is this: Check every label for the appropriate dose, remember the daily maximum limit, and do not take two or more products that contain acetaminophen at the same time without checking first with your doctor or pharmacist. Seek help immediately if you suspect that you’ve accidentally taken too much. Just because a medicine is non-prescription doesn’t mean that it’s risk-free.

Still have questions? Be sure to ask your pharmacist. We are here to help!

6 Medications That Can Make a Migraine Worse

It might be unrelated treatments that are triggering your migraine.

With Dr. Andrew Charles, MD

Migraine is a systemic, neurological issue. While the condition starts in the brain, it involves and is influenced by other body systems as well. While environmental triggers such as stress and caffeine are commonly discussed, few tend to consider how medications for unrelated and seemingly harmless conditions can also contribute to these headache attacks.

According to Dr. Andrew Charles, MD, director of Headache Research and Treatment and a professor of neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, medication is a common problem seen by headache and non-headache doctors alike. “Any medication is on the table as a possible exacerbator of migraine…you have to always consider even something that may seem innocuous as a potential contributor,” he said as part of a presentation at the virtual 2018 World Migraine Summit.

Below are descriptions of six medications that, despite little clinical evidence to prove they cause migraines, have been noted in practice by Dr. Charles as plausible triggers.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants

Depression and migraines often go hand in hand, as mood changes are commonly associated with migraine attack, so much so that premonitory depression is sometimes shown to occur before a migraine, ostensibly warning the sufferer of an episode. “I’d say we deal with mood issues at least 50% of the time in migraine patients, maybe more,” mentioned Dr. Charles in the summit interview. Luckily, if doctors find episodic periods of depression in migraine sufferers, they can test whether the mental complications disappear after acutely treating the migraine first.

While SSRI antidepressants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, their role in migraine is a long, rocky road. The current medical hypothesis is that a deficiency of serotonin is somehow involved in migraine; triptans, prescription-strength migraine treatment, activate a set of serotonin receptors in the brain. One would think that SSRIs, which look to increase serotonin, would help migraine, but it is not as simple as “high serotonin is good and low serotonin is bad,” explained Dr. Charles. These drugs react differently in each patient, and may deliver the opposite effect intended, leading to migraine.

If you are experiencing a bad reaction to SSRI antidepressants, such as dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, or an overall ineffectiveness to migraine, consider asking your doctor about the alternate serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) which target both the serotonin and norepinephrine areas of the brain, and are less likely to exacerbate migraine, according to Dr. Charles.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs), commonly branded as Nexium or other generics, are usually prescribed by internists or gastroenterologists for the treatment of acid reflex. According to Dr. Charles, there is some evidence that these medications get into the nervous system. He referenced an experimental study from Taiwan that showed when patients are started on a PPI, they’re more likely to complain of headaches. There has also been light evidence that these medications affect bone density and cognitive function, according to Dr. Charles. “Is the benefit of the medication worth the possibility that it’s exacerbating migraine?” Dr. Charles asks.

Alternatives to PPIs include histamine 2 (h3) blockers commonly branded as Pepcid or Zantac.

Nasal Steroids and Decongestants

Nasal steroids and decongestants indicated for chronic allergies are stimulants, and some include caffeine in their chemical makeup, which has been shown to be an on-and-off migraine trigger. These drugs promote systemic absorption, which means they enter the circulatory system, affecting the entire body. It has been shown that regular long-term use of these medications, such as intranasal corticosteroids, can be a trigger to migraines.

One problem with nasal steroids, decongestants, and the aforementioned PPIs is that “people get put on a medication and they just stay on it, even if the symptoms resolve,” said Dr. Charles. It’s best to use these medications intermittingly, as needed. Keep in mind, however, that a rebound reaction is possible after stopping nasal steroids and PPIs. A healthcare provider can provide guidance.

Dr. Charles said that the use of menthol, instead of nasal steroids and decongestants, can be used to treat sinus issues and prevent migraine.

Oral Contraceptives

The relationship between hormones and migraine is a mystery, according to Dr. Charles. The hypothalamus, which controls hormones in the body, acts as a “clock” of sorts, and every hour, certain “pulses” are released. Sometimes, complications with taking hormone medication such as birth control can get between these cycling systems and affect an individual’s “clock.” Taking too high a dose of estrogen has been shown to trigger migraines, for example. And this doesn’t just affect women too, as men with migraine have been found to have elevated estrogen levels and androgen deficiency, according to a study.

Some women taking low-dose contraceptives may find that their migraines improve, especially when it comes to menstrual-related headaches. While migraine may occur with low levels of estrogen, the solution is not as simple as taking higher doses of estrogen to improve headaches, much like antidepressants. Dr. Charles recommends working with your primary care doctor or gynecologist to find an effective low-dose contraceptive and using it continuously.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Many post-menopausal women opt for hormone replacement therapy to relieve common symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, night sweats, and bone loss. Much like oral contraceptives, this therapy alters estrogen levels through the use of pills or patches and taking too high a dose can trigger migraine. Dr. Charles recommends that patients who suffer from frequent migraines treat menopause symptoms more locally, rather than opting for hormonal replacement therapy. Some examples include certain lifestyle changes to reduce hot flashes and mood swings, or medications such as Paroxetine (Brisdelle) and antidepressants (Effexor, Celexa, Lexapro) or low-dose estrogen options.

Of note, Dr. Charles also said that bone density medications can exacerbate migraines and those taking osteoporosis medications, for instance, should speak to their doctor about other options.

Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Medication Overuse Headaches

In treating migraines, patients can sometimes fall victim to opioid-induced hyperalgesia, a heightened response to pain, through the use of pain medication, all but defeating its intended course of action. For example, hyperalgesia may occur as a result of taking high doses of opioids over a long period of time. The Institute for Chronic Pain provides a good overview.

In addition, medication overuse headaches (MOH) can occur from frequent use of over-the-counter or prescribed medications to relieve acute headache pain. Typically, patients who experience MOH have an underlying migraine or other headache disorder that transforms over time from episodic headaches to chronic daily headaches. Learn more about these headaches in our patient overview page.

Some guidelines to keep in mind to avoid developing Medication Overuse Headache, according to the Mayo Clinic neurologist Narayan Kissoon, MD, are:

• Do not take NSAIDs/acetaminophen for headache pain for more than 14 days per month
• Do not take triptans, opioids, butalbital, or combination analgesics for headache pain more than 9 days per month.

Conclusion

Overall, Dr. Charles emphasized the importance of tracking your medication usage. Even over-the-counter drugs can make a difference when it comes to migraine triggers. Many patients do not disclose to their doctor how much medication they are taking and may be surprised to learn that their body has become physically dependent on, for example, a caffeine-based analgesic such as Excedrin.

Talk to your physician about everything you are taking, even allergy medications, and keep a log of how often (and for how long) your migraine attacks occur. This will also help your doctor if he/she refers you to a specialist.

Updated on: 11/02/18

Living With Migraines

Which over-the-counter cold medications are safe during pregnancy? | Your Pregnancy Matters

Most people experience two to three colds during the winter
and spring, and pregnant women are no exception. Colds are caused by viruses
for which there is no real cure – you can treat the symptoms that make you feel
crummy, but medicine doesn’t actually make the cold go away sooner.

Many over-the-counter (OTC) medications you can buy without a prescription come
as multi-symptom formulas. These drugs are meant to treat every cold symptom:
body aches, congestion, coughing, fever, headache, and sneezing. But not
everyone develops every symptom of a cold, and pregnant women should avoid
taking unnecessary drugs during pregnancy. 

Instead of reaching for a multi-symptom drug, use the guidelines below to find
an effective drug that’s safe for the symptoms you’re facing. And, as always,
let your Ob/Gyn or nurse know about any OTC drug you take.

What to take for common cold symptoms

Cough

Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant used in OTC
medications such as Robitussin to reduce coughing. Cough suppressants can come
in immediate-release and extended-release preparations. The maximum dose for
pregnant women is 120 mg in 24 hours. The multi-symptom preparations that
contain dextromethorphan often include “DM” in their name.

Guaifenesin is another medication frequently found in cough medications, such
as Mucinex. It is an expectorant, so it helps thin mucus from your chest or
throat so you can cough it up easier. It comes in immediate-release or
extended-release formulations. The maximum dose you should take is 2,400 mg in
24 hours.

Cold medicines containing codeine were used in the past for cough suppression.
I don’t recommend these for pregnant women because studies show they really
don’t work well, and the fewer opioid-containing medications in our medicine
cabinets, the better. For children, there is some evidence that honey can
improve nighttime coughing. I certainly think this is an option for pregnant
women as well. If you want to try honey, I suggest a spoonful of the real stuff
– it’s not as clear that cold medicine with honey listed as a flavoring or
ingredient is as effective. 

Stuffy nose and sinus pressure

Decongestant medications reduce stuffiness and sinus
pressure by constricting the blood vessels in your nose, which reduces
swelling. Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are available over the counter as
Sudafed and are safe for many women to use during pregnancy. However, women who
have high blood pressure should not take pseudoephedrine without first talking
to a doctor. The drug can raise blood pressure and can cause jitters and racing
heartbeats. 
Because pseudoephedrine can be used to manufacture methamphetamine, it’s now
kept behind the pharmacy counter. You’ll have to provide identification to
purchase it, and stores track how much you purchase. The maximum dose of a
typical decongestant is 240 mg in 24 hours.

Sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes

These symptoms are the result of histamine release, which is
an immune response to an invading virus. Chlorpheniramine, such as Triaminic
Allergy, and diphenhydramine, such as Benadryl, are safe to take during
pregnancy. However, both can cause drowsiness, so these are best taken at
bedtime. The maximum dosage for chlorpheniramine is 32 mg in 24 hours.

When compared to placebos, antihistamines have the most successful results
within the first couple days of treatment. Patients didn’t report any relief of
symptoms between days three and 10. Newer antihistamines, such as loratadine
(Claritin), are approved for allergies, not colds, so there isn’t information
about how well they work for cold symptoms.

Sore throat

Pregnant women can take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for a sore
throat with a limit of 3,000 mg in 24 hours. An antihistamine may help if the
sore throat is due to postnasal drip because it can dry up those secretions.
Sprays or lozenges that contain benzocaine, a local anesthetic, can help numb
the throat. Menthol and phenol, such as Chloraseptic, are antiseptics that also
help soothe throat discomfort. Sucking on hard candy can keep saliva flowing,
which might reduce throat irritation. 

A word about antibiotics

So many patients call asking for antibiotics for a cold,
usually when they’ve had symptoms for several days. There are a few times when
antibiotics are appropriate, for instance, strep throat or sinus infections
caused by bacteria. But antibiotics simply don’t work against viruses that
cause the common cold. Overprescribing antibiotics for viral illnesses leads to
antibiotic resistance, which means the bacteria grow stronger over time and
become tougher to beat with antibiotics.
If a doctor prescribes an antibiotic for cold symptoms, it’s usually a short,
three-day round of drugs. The patient often feels better after finishing the
medication but probably would have recovered in that timeframe anyway without
the drug.

To sum up …

If you come down with a cold while pregnant and you want to take something for
symptom relief, look for medications that are formulated for your specific
symptoms. Avoid multi-symptom formulas, especially those containing
acetaminophen. It can be easy to take more acetaminophen in a day than is safe
because it’s in so many medications. Finally, be patient with cold symptoms –
it can take a week or more for a cold to go away.

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stories.  

OK to take Tylenol, Advil for side effects after shot

Avoid pain relief medications just before getting the COVID-19 vaccine, but they are “perfectly fine” to take after, experts say.

Headache, fever, body aches and chills: While these are completely normal side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine – and a good sign your immune system is working – they can be unpleasant.

To minimize the discomfort, some Americans may turn to pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Others worry those medications could blunt the effectiveness of the vaccine. 

Studies on the subject are sparse and inconsistent, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization recommend against the preventive use of pain relievers, though they allow them if symptoms develop after.

In a study published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Virology, researchers found nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can reduce the production of antibodies and affect other aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Researchers said the study’s results raised the possibility that pain relievers such as ibuprofen could alter the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine.

Dr. Colleen Kelley, an associate professor of medicine at Emory University School of Medicine, who was not affiliated with the study, speculates that an altered response could be caused by reducing inflammation triggered by the immune system. 

“The immune system generates a response through controlled inflammation. (Pain relievers) can reduce the production of inflammatory mediators,” she said. “So, this is the potential mechanism for a reduced immune response to vaccination if you take these medications.”

But Dr. Marian Michaels, a member of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s COVID-19 vaccine advisory committee, says studies have shown the immune system responds differently to the COVID-19 vaccine than it does to natural infection. 

“We believe that the (immune) response to the vaccine is actually a better response than the wild-type virus with COVID-19,” said Michaels, who is also a pediatric infectious disease physician at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. “For that very reason, even for someone who has had the infection in the past … we recommend that people still receive the vaccine.”

‘This is fantastic’: Mass vaccination clinics to play key role in ending COVID-19 pandemic

One 2016 study from Duke University looked at the effectiveness of various vaccines among children and found those who took pain relievers before getting their regularly scheduled shots had fewer antibodies than those who didn’t.

But the few studies that exist on pain relievers and vaccines are not robust enough to draw conclusions, experts say, as the children in the 2016 study who took pain relievers and showed fewer antibodies still had a sufficient immune response to provide protection. 

There’s no data that shows a reduced immune response if the medications are taken after getting the vaccine to treat side effects, Kelley added.

‘Actively looking at it’: Will travelers need a negative COVID-19 test to board flights within the US? The CDC says it’s under consideration

“It’s perfectly fine to take NSAIDs or Tylenol if you are feeling unwell after vaccination,” Kelley said. “The symptoms you are experiencing indicate that your immune system is functioning normally and that the immune response is ongoing.”

Michaels notes that study participants were not prohibited to take pain relievers in either the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 trials and efficacy rates were still over 95%. 

“While I don’t have the exact numbers of people in the research study … I’m sure a number of them took acetaminophen or ibuprofen because 70% had mild (side effects to the vaccine),” she said. “And yet, there was still an immunologic response.”

Follow Adrianna Rodriguez on Twitter: @AdriannaUSAT. 

Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY is made possible in part by a grant from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare. The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input.

Consumers may be unaware of risks in mixing cold/flu medications, study says

Got a cold and a headache? If you’re treating them by popping pain killers and downing cough/cold medicines, be careful.

With the cold and flu season under way, too many Americans may be unwittingly overdosing on over-the-counter medications, according to consumer research conducted recently by a team of CSU and UC professors. In five surveys of more than 600 adults, the study found that most were unaware that taking two or more off-the-shelf pain relievers and cold medicines was risky, potentially leading to severe liver disease and other health risks.

The culprit is the “active ingredient” contained in many pain/fever relievers, such as acetaminophen in Tylenol, ibuprofen in Motrin or Advil and naproxen in Aleve.

Although the Food and Drug Administration and public health officials have long warned about the risks of doubling up on over-the-counter medications containing those ingredients, the recent study underscored the confusion and lack of awareness by consumers.

“People don’t really completely understand the potential risks. Even when they knew they were double-dosing, they really didn’t think it was much of a problem,” said Jesse Catlin, a California State University, Sacramento, assistant professor of marketing and one of the study’s three co-authors.

The study also looked at several ways to boost consumer awareness, such as red warning icons on product packages or more public-service messages.

While over-the-counter medications “are extraordinarily safe when used as directed, they all have the potential of toxicity, when used at higher dosages or for longer durations than directed by the label,” said Dr. Eric Brass, a UCLA medical school professor and the study’s co-author. “Consumers need to look at the active ingredients to know what they’re taking. Many do not fully appreciate that there’s a risk in taking two medications with the same ingredients.”

With acetaminophen, the danger is that repeated dosages exceeding the daily maximum can lead to liver damage. With ibuprofen and naproxen, overdosing can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or kidney issues.

Probably the most problematic is acetaminophen. In any given week, millions of Americans – about 23 percent of adults – report using acetaminophen-containing products. More than 600 over-the-counter and prescription medications – everything from Alka-Seltzer to Vanquish – contain acetaminophen.

As one of the country’s most common active ingredients, it’s easily overconsumed.

For example, let’s say you’re home sick with a bad cold or flu. You’re taking an extra-strength Tylenol-type product every six hours for a headache, along with Dayquil Cold & Flu liquid every four hours. At night, to get a good sleep, you swallow a capful of liquid Nyquil Cold & Flu. Taken together, at the recommended dosages every four to six hours, you could be ingesting more than 5,000 milligrams of acetaminophen per day, well above the recommended daily limit. When repeated over several days, it can damage the liver. In rare cases, this damage can lead to acute liver failure.

The maximum daily dose of acetaminophen is 4,000 milligrams, the equivalent of taking 12 regular 325-milligram capsules in a 24-hour period. When someone exceeds that amount over several days, especially in conjunction with drinking alcohol, there’s a higher risk of liver damage.

Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States, according to the American Liver Foundation.

In 2011, the FDA asked U.S. manufacturers of prescription medications containing acetaminophen to limit the amount to 325 milligrams per pill or capsule. Also, doctors and pharmacists were asked to stop prescribing combination medications containing more than 325 milligrams. However, over-the-counter medications, such as extra-strength pain relievers, still contain as much as 500 milligrams of acetaminophen per pill.

The other common category of pain relievers are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, known as NSAIDs, which include ibuprofen and naproxen. The recommended daily maximum dose for over-the-counter ibuprofen is about 1,200 milligrams.

Read the labels

Not all consumers are unaware of the risks of doubling on over-the-counter medications.

Sacramento resident Tina Wilson, picking up prescriptions at a Rite-Aid pharmacy on Alhambra Boulevard last week, said she used to always pop an extra pill if a headache didn’t disappear right away or her blood pressure was high. But after having a stroke several years ago, the AT&T service representative said she’s become religious about checking labels on her prescription and over-the-counter medications.

“It’s serious,” said Wilson, 47, who said she takes 10 pills every morning. “You need to be aware of what you’re taking and read the box, as far as dosages.”

Last year, of the 2.2 million U.S. calls about human exposures to potential poisons, more than 57 percent involved medications, according to the annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. These unintentional exposures, reported by the nation’s 55 poison control centers, included “inadvertent double-dosing, wrong medication taken or given … doses given/taken too close together, and inadvertent exposure to someone else’s medication,” the report said.

And, it noted, analgesics were the leading cause of human exposures to potential poisoning at 11.3 percent, followed by cosmestic/personal care products (7.7 percent), household cleaners (7. 7 percent), sedatives/hypnotics/antipsychotics (5.9 percent) and antidepressants (4.4 percent).

“We get a lot of calls about acetaminophen, accidental and intentional overdoses,” said Stuart Heard, a licensed pharmacist and executive director of the California Poison Control System. In 2014, he said, California’s four reporting centers (Sacramento, San Francisco, Fresno and San Diego) fielded 32,524 calls on exposures to analgesics (pain relievers), including ibuprofen, aspirin and acetaminophen.

“The stuff’s so ubiquitous that the accumulative effect of getting too much is easy,” Heard said. “It’s not hard to exceed the recommended daily amount.”

Patients can unwittingly be doubling or tripling the daily limits, he noted, if they’re taking several prescriptions from several different doctors, along with over-the-counter medications.

Those with otherwise normal health and weight should have no worries, as long as they stay below 4,000 milligrams a day of acetaminophen.

Like other health care professionals, Heard urges consumers to check the “active ingredient” list on their pill bottles, usually the top line, which shows how many milligrams are contained in each capsule or dose. On a prescription package, acetaminophen can be listed in shorthand, such as “APAP” or “acetam.” Add them up to be sure you’re staying within the recommended guidelines.

The simplest advice: Never take more than two products containing acetaminophen at the same time. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if your medications exceed the daily limits.

Editor’s note: Due to incorrect information provided by the Acetaminophen Awareness Coalition, this story was changed Dec. 15 to correct the mention of drugs containing acetaminophen. Zicam does not contain acetaminophen.

OTC medications: What to know

KnowYourDose.org – Official site of the Acetaminophen Awareness Coalition, a group of more than 20 medical groups and nonprofits that campaign for safe usage by consumers.

California Poison Control System – For emergencies or questions on potentially poisonous substances, including medications, call the poison control helpline, 800-222-1222. It offers help in more than 100 languages. Outside California, the same number will route callers to poison control centers in all 50 states, part of the national network of the American Association of Poison Control Centers.

Related stories from Sacramento Bee

12 Hangover Cures – How Well Do These Hangover Remedies Work?

You know better than to buy anything labeled “hangover cure” the morning after a wild night. But there has to be something out there to ease the headache, nausea, and overall sense of feeling like crap…right?

While the research on this topic is limited, a quick Google search yields more than a few potential treatments. Some of these actually work (water is your friend, guys!) Others, not so much (Taco Bell after a night of partying = a recipe for a trip to the bathroom).

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We asked experts to rank each hangover tip on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least effective and 10 being the most effective. The next time you hit the bottle too hard, here’s what you need to know to make the next day a little more bearable, as well as what to avoid altogether.

1) Water.

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During a night of heavy drinking, h3O is a must. That’s because alcohol is a diuretic and can cause dehydration, which can lead to the telltale symptoms of a hangover (headaches, nausea, etc.). So before you fall into bed, down 16 to 20 ounces of water, says Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D., a consultant in addiction psychiatry at the Mayo Clinic. And the next time you go out, he recommends ordering a glass of water with every beer. Alternate between the two to replace lost fluids as you go.

Effectiveness Score: 8

2) Sleep.

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It’s hard to sleep well after a night of heavy drinking: studies have shown that alcohol use is associated with decreased sleep quality. But getting a good night’s sleep is crucial to letting your body recover from a night of partying. So try to sleep as much as you can, and make sure you get your requisite seven to nine hours of shuteye the night after.

Score: 5

3) IV bags.

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A new trend in hangover treatment is getting an IV bag filled with fluids and a mix of medications (such as anti-nausea medications) the day after heavy drinking. It’s been marketed as a fast, easy way to instantly get rid of a hangover, but many doctors warn that it sends a dangerous message to users who think they can get a quick-fix remedy after drinking and partying all night. Plus, with prices ranging from $85-875 a pop, they aren’t cheap.

Score: 2

4) Sports drinks.

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“Even though the diuretic effect of alcohol may cause the body to lose some electrolytes, it’s not so much that you need to replace them right away,” says Samir Zakhari, Ph.D., director of the Division of Metabolism and Health Effects at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. And research has shown Gatorade is no better for a hangover than water from your tap, so save your money.

Score: 3

5) Coffee.

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Lots of people use a cup of joe to wake up and feel alert at work, whether they’re hungover or not. But a trip to Starbucks won’t give you lasting benefits, and caffeine can both treat and cause headaches and migraines. If you do down a cup, be sure to drink water, too, as studies suggest caffeine can cause dehydration.

Score: 4

6) More alcohol (“hair of the dog”).

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“Bad idea,” Dr. Hall-Flavin says. “It will provide a numbing effect, but all you’re doing is prolonging the inevitable, and it will likely make your headache worse.” Another reason to avoid cracking open a cold one: Experts agree that if you use this “cure,” the risk of abuse increases and could lead to alcohol dependency.

Score: 1

7) Toast or crackers.

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Remember when your mom gave you toast as a kid when you couldn’t keep anything down? This is good advice for adults who’ve spent the night hugging the porcelain throne, too. While no food can halt the roller coaster in your stomach, carbs can help bring your blood sugar levels back up the morning after, Dr. Hall-Flavin says.

Score: 7

8) Greasy food.

If you can keep a Big Mac down after a night of heavy drinking, by all means, go for it. But what you eat after a night of boozing doesn’t matter as much as what you eat before you did all of those Jagerbombs. Food helps slow the absorption of alcohol, and the longer it takes the alcohol to reach your blood stream, the longer it is until you become intoxicated.

Score: 5

9) Pain meds.

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Ease a pounding headache with a pill (or two, depending on the recommended dosage), but stick to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (or NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), not acetaminophen (Tylenol). “While it’s OK for a headache, when combined with a liver that’s working overtime to metabolize alcohol, it can cause liver damage or be deadly,” says Dena Davidson, Ph. D., former associate professor of psychiatry at Indiana University School of Medicine.

Score: 7

10) Vitamins.

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If you normally take a multi, go ahead, but no studies have found that any particular vitamins will do anything to help treat a hangover.

Score: 3

11) Exercise.

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One drink — a 12-ounce beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of hard liquor — is metabolized by your body in about an hour, so the whole “sweat it out” theory is just a myth. At the same time, the endorphin release could potentially boost your mood, so if you’re feeling up to it, just be sure you keep your water bottle handy so you don’t become even more dehydrated.

Score: 6

12) Sex.

KatarzynaBialasiewiczGetty Images

“There is no research that shows that sex will make a hangover go away, but maybe it will make the time go faster,” says Joris C. Verster, Ph.D., assistant professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. “If it makes you happy, go for it.”

Score: 3

The best way to prevent hangovers

Unfortunately, the best way to prevent hangovers is the simplest way: drink less. Limit your drinks to about one every hour. Your body metabolizes each beer (or wine or shot) in about 60 to 75 minutes, Dr. Hall-Flavin says. Drink faster, and your blood alcohol level rises faster. Eat before you drink and follow Dr. Hall-Flavin’s “beer and a glass of water” rule.

“The best treatment is prevention,” says JC Garbutt, MD, Professor of Psychiatry at UNC Chapel Hill. “Your body is telling you something if it feels that bad. 1-3 drinks is a much smarter place to be and if one can’t only drink that amount, then one should step back and ask ‘What is my relationship with alcohol?'”

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90,000 Afternoon headache

2020.04.16

What can cause a headache in the afternoon?

In the afternoon, headaches are no different from other types of headaches. Any headache can strike during the day. This is a headache in whole or in part. The only thing that is different is the time. However, for those who often experience headaches in the afternoon, something may have happened earlier – during the day, causing the headache a few hours later.They usually calm down on their own in the evening. In rare cases, severe or recurrent headaches in the afternoon can be a sign of a more serious medical condition.

Here are some of the most common causes of daytime headaches, tips on how to deal with the problem, and when to see your doctor.

1. Headache due to dehydration

Some may experience headaches due to dehydration (lack of fluid).They usually experience headaches in the afternoon. Dehydration headaches can be caused by not drinking water for a long time, skipping lunch break, or drinking too much coffee but not drinking water.

After dehydration, a person may experience other symptoms such as:

• dry mouth, lips and throat
• dark urine or infrequent urination
• dizziness
• irritability

2.Tension headache

This is the most common headache. Women experience this pain twice as often as men. This is a headache. It is caused by stress, tension in the muscles of the neck, shoulder girdle, or jaw.

Tension headaches usually appear slowly and progress over several hours. A person may experience this type of headache after spending several hours in the car, at the computer, or in an awkward position.

A person with a tension headache may notice that the muscles in the neck or shoulders are tense or painful by noticing that massaging these muscle groups relieves or aggravates the headache.

Tension headaches are not dangerous, but they can last for hours or days. Exercises for the head, neck, and shoulders, or taking more frequent breaks from sitting at the computer, deep breathing exercises can help.

3. Migraine

Migraine is a neurological type of headache.Some people at this time experience visual impairments, increased sensitivity to light and unusual sensations in the body, sometimes they experience nausea and may cause vomiting.

Migraine can occur at any time of the day. Migraine headaches can be caused by certain smells, sights, sounds, or food.

People who experience migraines at the same time every day should write down their symptoms and activities to help identify potential factors that trigger migraines.

4. Caffeine-induced headaches

Caffeine can cause headaches for some people. Caffeine can contribute to dehydration, which can worsen dehydration headaches. For others, caffeine can relieve headache symptoms.

People who regularly consume caffeine may experience the pain of stopping their caffeine intake if they lower their caffeine levels or skip their regular morning or afternoon coffee.

Caffeine withdrawal headaches often occur in the afternoon when the body feels that it has not received its usual dose of caffeine.

5. Hungry headaches

For some people, hunger headaches are caused by low blood sugar.

A person with a hunger headache may also feel tired, shaky, or dizzy. Sometimes people who have a headache from hunger can pass out.

People who are being treated for diabetes may be more vulnerable to hunger headaches because some antidiabetic drugs can cause blood sugar levels to drop between meals.

6. Headaches associated with alcohol consumption

Alcohol can cause headaches. People who drink alcohol during the day may find that they soon have headaches.

People with cluster headaches are an intense type of logical headache, usually affecting the front of the head, and can occur with alcohol.

People with alcohol use problems experience headaches for several days, weeks after they stop drinking.People who usually drink during the day may find that the pain gets worse at the time of day when the body expects to drink alcohol.

7. Headache due to high blood pressure

High blood pressure does not usually cause headaches. However, a dangerously high 180/120 mm Hg. or higher may cause headache.

A person who has a headache due to high blood pressure may not have other symptoms or may have vision problems, redness, or dizziness.

There is an urgent need to eliminate high blood pressure, which causes headaches, which is especially dangerous for pregnant women. If the blood pressure remains at 180/120 mm Hg. Art. Or higher, see a doctor or call an ambulance.

8. Headache due to uncorrected vision
Uncorrected vision problems, prolonged computer viewing, eye and neck imbalance can all cause headaches.
Headaches due to vision problems are a rare type of headache that causes pain in the front of the head.A person may feel drained when they notice that the pain gets worse after spending several hours at the computer.
The right glasses or contact lenses can often solve the problem of headaches. Some people also feel relieved by doing eye exercises, taking frequent breaks, or wearing special glasses that reduce blue light stress.

9. Allergy headache
Allergies can cause painful pressure in the head and face.Allergic person may:

• sneeze a lot
• Feel distracted or tired
• Note that their eyes are itchy
• feels sick

Allergies usually affect a person as soon as they are exposed to an allergen. Pain is rarely limited to a specific time of day. However, an allergen headache may occur in the afternoon. For example, a person may have a headache after a day’s walk outside or after an afternoon meeting when someone has used a strong perfume.

10. Emergency situations
Headaches caused by serious health problems such as stroke or aneurysm may occur in the afternoon. However, unlike other types of headaches, they usually do not go away.
A person who has a headache in the afternoon should not think that it is caused by the time of day itself. Severe and life-threatening headaches can occur at any time of the day.
Signs that a headache is critical include:

• changes in vision or eye pain
• severe headache that is significantly different from normal human headache
• Severe headache that comes on suddenly and does not go away when trying to get rid of it with means such as massage, water or darkness
• Changes in memory or personality during headache
• loss of consciousness
• sudden sounds in the head (tinnitus, growling)
• Confusion
• headache after a car accident or headbutt
• Very stiff neck with signs of infection such as fever or muscle pain

Problem solving
How headaches are treated depends on the cause.Some simple lifestyle strategies that can reduce the onset of headaches include:

• Take frequent breaks from work
• Avoid sitting in an extended or tense position
• Relax and move as often as possible
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day
• Eat regular, healthy foods
• Avoid coffee products that cause headaches such as alcohol
• regular eye exams
• Wear glasses or lenses prescribed by your eye doctor if necessary for people who believe caffeine relieves headaches, this symptom can usually be prevented by drinking caffeine early in the day
• Migraines may be more difficult to treat, but a combination of medications and lifestyle changes can often help.
• Blood pressure headaches may require lifestyle changes, blood pressure medications, or other treatment.
• If a headache is suspected of being caused by something more serious, such as a stroke or aneurysm, urgent help is needed.

When to see a doctor
A person should seek emergency help for dangerous headache symptoms such as:

• high blood pressure
• unbearable pain
• sudden severe headache
• headache after trauma

People with chronic headaches should discuss their symptoms with their doctor if:

• no clear cause of pain
• lifestyle changes do not help
• Headache gets worse over time
• changing headache

Summary
Headaches can be unpleasant and unpleasant, even if they don’t indicate a serious health problem.
Chronic headaches can interfere with work, hobbies, or even simple daily tasks. However, most headaches are curable and many are preventable.
A person experiencing frequent headaches should write down all episodes to better understand their nature, and then consult physician to discuss possible causes and management strategies.

90,000 Headache in newborns and children under 4 years old

How do you know if a child has a headache? And what to do?

If the child can speak, he may complain of pain or discomfort, pointing with a pen to the place that causes the most suffering.If we are talking about children under one year old, then signs of a headache can be:

• pronounced crying,
• breastfeeding,
• pulling up the legs to the tummy,

90,021 daytime and nighttime sleep disorders.

These signs are often confused with intestinal colic, the difference lies in the fact that the stomach is swollen and tense with colic, it is difficult to pass gas.

These symptoms should be treated with care. Normally, the child’s head should not hurt.The causes of headache in newborns are vascular problems – mainly venous congestion, changes in the meninges, the onset of infectious diseases, less often – reflected pain from internal organs transmitted through irritated nerves.

Still, most often such children have diagnoses:

• perinatal lesion of the central nervous system (PPCNS),
• hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome,
• migraine of newborns,
• cervical spine injuries (SHOP),
• myotonic syndrome
• and other neurological diagnoses.

Although they sound different, these diagnoses refer to different parts of the same damaging process. This damage is associated with hypoxia before and / or during childbirth, excessive non-physiological compressive force, rough mechanical impact.

It is logical that, first of all, it is necessary to determine the location and extent of damage to the tissues of the head, neck, shoulder girdle and other parts of the child’s body. To do this, you will need a pediatrician, pediatric neurologist, osteopath.

And the next step is to repair this damage.The task of the osteopath is to assess the work of the regulatory mechanisms in the child’s body, to help in setting them up in the right way. In the hands of the osteopath, methods of direct action on the “broken” parts of the central nervous system, when it is possible to restore their correct functioning.

Today these are the most effective methods of treating this pathology.

90,000 How to describe a headache

By Elena Sergeevna Koroleva, at , a neurologist of the first qualification category

Often at the reception, patients cannot orient themselves and correctly describe headache (GB).We do not take into account the cases when the pain is so severe that there is a violation of mental functions or trauma. Some, out of an excess of emotions, try to very colorfully explain pain with gestures, pantomime, and neologisms. Then a moment of misunderstanding arises: time is wasted at the appointment, the patient has a feeling of mistrust in the doctor, so he was not fully understood and, there is no adherence to treatment and adherence to recommendations.

Not many people know, but there is a characteristic of GB. Using it, you will be able to talk with your doctor in almost the same language.This will simplify the diagnostic process.

1. You can assess the degree of your pain. There is a Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS). This is a scale from 0 to 10. Where 0 is no pain at all, 10 is unbearable pain.

Do not be shy, speak as you feel, if this pain is on a solid 7, then say so. Everyone has a different threshold for pain. In the future, this scale will help assess the effectiveness of treatment. At each appointment, tell me how you rate the pain according to “YOUR” if the scores decrease, your treatment is selected correctly.

2. The nature of GB (most often it is pulsating, pressing, bursting, aching, pulling, breaking, shooting). They can be anything, most importantly tell me which ones.

3. Localization (since this is the region of the skull, it is possible to distinguish the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal regions and their combinations). Sometimes pain in the upper neck can be felt just like a headache. It can hurt as a separate area on the skull, so several at once. It is important that it always hurts in the same place or the localization is different.

4. Frequency. Constant, when you experience HD every day without interruptions for calm or with minor interruptions or intermittent pain and, accordingly, what are these periods of HD

associated with

5. Frequency: weekly, monthly, etc. Duration: minutes, hours, days.

6. Concomitant symptoms are other complaints that most often accompany your hypertension (nausea, vomiting, photophobia, sound fear, fever, lack of appetite, decreased / exacerbated sensitivity to odors, increased / decreased blood pressure, lacrimation, etc.)

7. When the head hurts (time of day). It is important to indicate the average data, not the last GB. Of course, if pain occurs at different times, then say so, that without a clear connection with the time of day.

8. Preceding or provoking factors (stress, physical activity, violation of the daily schedule, lack of sleep, change of weather or climate)

9. Factors affecting the strengthening or weakening of GB. For example, Bs are aggravated by noise, light, smell, exercise.Weakened in a cool, ventilated area or lying down.

10. The effectiveness of various methods of treatment. Tell us about your treatment experience. Pay special attention to the “painkillers” drugs, which were effective and how significant their effect was, and which did not help at all. Or non-drug methods: massage, physiotherapy, acupuncture, hirudotherapy.

11. Change in the nature and frequency of GB. For example, if all your life you have suffered from a aching headache in the evenings, and the last few months the pain has become pressing, only in the morning and with nausea.

But even if you cannot answer these questions, then you should not endure the pain. Just come to the doctor’s appointment and there you will figure it out together.

The list of diagnoses and services that are the classification criterion for referring to the DRC 86 of the 24-hour hospital and the CCH of the 38 day hospital

3

Parkinson’s

Syndrome 9032 9032 histamine headache

Body aches, bones and temperature – reasons for what to do

29.06.2021

182 834

3 minutes

Contents:

Why do you feel “aches” in the body with a cold
Signs of aches
How do drugs that reduce the sensation of “aches” in colds and flu work?

Each of us is familiar with the sensation of pain, weakness and “aches” in the body during colds and flu. Even at relatively low temperatures, we feel overwhelmed and unable to work or do our usual activities.Sometimes other symptoms are added to the general malaise, for example, a persistent, aching headache. Let’s see why the whole body hurts at temperatures and how to relieve these unpleasant sensations.

Why do you feel “aches” in the body with a cold

Very often people suffering from infectious diseases complain of weakness, weakness, “aches” in muscles, bones and joints, restless sleep. When the temperature rises, chills are added to these unpleasant symptoms. Asthenia occurs due to the intoxication of the body with enzymes of viruses and bacteria.”Lomota” at a temperature is a component of pain syndrome, which also occurs during intoxication ^1.2 . To understand why muscles “hurt” with flu and colds, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of the effect of toxins on our body. From the focus of infection, they first enter the blood and lymph, and then spread throughout the body, penetrating cells and disrupting metabolism. Special cells “nociceptors”, or pain receptors, signal the central nervous system about the ongoing disorders.These signals are physiologically perceived as “aches” in the joints, bones, muscles. A person may have the feeling that the whole body is aching.

Up to table of contents

Signs of aches

According to a study of people with colds and flu (Russia, 2012), 44% of people who get the flu or colds are worried about body pain ¹ . “Lash” in the bones can be observed with or without temperature. Most often, sick people complain that they are “broken” and describe their sensations as aching pain in several parts of the body at the same time (arms, legs, torso, etc.).). Sometimes muscles, bones and joints ache so much that it becomes simply impossible to perform any active movements. In this case, it can be difficult for a person to even get out of bed. Often, people with ARVI have high fever, body and head aches, other symptoms are observed that further aggravate the “aches” in the body (runny nose, sore throat, etc.) ¹ .

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How do the aches and pains relief drugs work for colds and flu?

Paracetamol is one of the active substances that can reduce the discomfort when the body aches and the head hurts ² .It is a widely used and well-studied analgesic. It acts on the centers of pain and thermoregulation, helping to reduce aches, fever, headache, sore throat, bones, joints and muscles of our body. RINZA® contains 500 mg of paracetamol ³ , and RINZAcip® with vitamin C – 750 mg ⁴ , which corresponds to the content of this substance recommended by the World Health Association in preparations for combating cold symptoms (single dose – 500-1000 mg, and daily – 2000-4000 mg) ² .

Up to table of contents

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace the professional advice of a physician. Consult a qualified professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Literature:

1. S.G. Nekhaev. Analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory and instrumental data in different periods of illness in patients with influenza. / S.G. Nekhaev, T.L. Badakwa // Bulletin of new medical technologies.Electronic edition – 2019 – N 3, p. 184-193.
2. Zaitsev A.A. Combined drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections: evaluation of clinical and economic efficiency / Zaitsev A.A., Klochkov O.I. // Archives of Internal Medicine № 4 (24), 2015, p. 48-52.
3. Instructions for the use of RINZA®. Registration number: P N015798 / 01.
4. Instructions for use of RINZAcip® with VITAMIN C. Registration number: LS-002579.

You will also be interested in:

Headache with colds and flu: causes, ways to combat

Means for the treatment of colds and flu

90,000 why women and men who drink more often suffer

Tension headache is a type of headache that occurs in response to excessive mental stress in people with a certain type of nervous system.

Photo: GLOBAL LOOK PRESS

The Eksmo Publishing House has published a book by Sergei Agapkin “Don’t Let Your Head Split”, which contains not only facts about headaches, but also useful tips on how to cope with it. With the permission of the publisher, we are publishing an excerpt from the book.

Tension headache is the most common type of headache. According to statistics, up to 70% of all headaches are tension headaches. Most often women suffer from them. Such pains can appear at any age; episodes of tension headaches have been experienced by more than 2/3 of people worldwide.

Tension headache is a type of headache that occurs in response to excessive mental stress in people with a certain type of nervous system.

1. The neck is to blame for everything

Often the generator of painful sensations in tension headaches is the tension of the muscles: the occipital, temporal, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and muscle groups – the extensors of the neck. Their tone increases due to nervous tension. This triggers a chain of pathological mechanisms – muscle tension provokes compression of the blood vessels located in them, blood supply is disrupted in them, and edema appears.Tense muscles can also compress nerve endings. The complex of these problems leads to the development of a headache.

Muscle tension is often the generator of pain in tension headaches.

Photo: GLOBAL LOOK PRESS

2. And a mobile psyche

Mental stress can arise from acute or chronic stress, as well as depression and anxiety disorders.

Most people suffering from tension headaches have a certain personality type – they have increased anxiety.

They are constantly in tension that “something is about to happen.” In fact, people with increased anxiety are under constant stress. Constant nervous tension provokes a decrease in the pain threshold (increased sensitivity to pain), including the muscles. Emotional tension, feelings of fear, anxiety, mental tension intensify the intensity of pain.

3. As well as an uncomfortable posture

Tension headache most often occurs during the daytime.In addition to mental stress, this type of headache can occur due to prolonged uncomfortable posture. For example, when working with small details for a long time (sewing, embroidery, jewelry, etc.), when you need to bow your head in order to better see the details, strain your eyes, sit hunched over.

Drivers also often suffer from tension headaches – when driving a car it is necessary to peer into the road (especially in the dark), and the driving position itself is often antiphysiological.An uncomfortable posture while sleeping can also be the cause.

It is important that these factors provoke a headache not by themselves, but because a prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position increases nervous tension. Activities in such positions usually require serious concentration.

Alcohol and the weather are not to blame

In today’s world, tension headaches are the scourge of office workers. Prolonged work at the computer, tension of the eye muscles and chronic stress lead to this condition.

It is believed that bad habits – alcohol and smoking – can cause tension headaches. But here cause and effect are confused. People suffering from frequent tension headaches are more emotionally unstable, they have less control over their psycho-emotional and physical state, which means they are more prone to bad habits – it is with alcohol and cigarettes that they are used to relieve nervous tension.

The claim that tension headaches cause changes in the weather is also questionable.Such a “connection” is most often established during a survey of a patient who believes that his head hurts “for the weather.” But this is only a subjective opinion. Research does not support the dependence of tension headaches on changing weather conditions.

Also, tension headaches are often associated with the onset of menstruation. However, painful menstruation, or, in medical terms, dysmenorrhea, causes pain due to the accumulation of prostaglandins – substances that increase pain sensitivity and cause vasodilation.Prostaglandins are stimulants of smooth muscles, especially of the uterus, and make the body sensitive to any kind of pain, including in the head. Therefore, a headache during menstruation in most cases is a symptom of dysmenorrhea, and not a tension headache.

Hoop, swimming cap and neurasthenic helmet

With tension headaches, the pain affects both halves of the head, spreads widely. Patients compare their feelings with a “squeezing hoop”, “vise”, “tight swimming cap on the head”, complain of tension / tension of the skin and muscles of the head.In practice, neurologists have a specific term “neurasthenic helmet”, which perfectly illustrates the nature of pain: squeezing, constricting, monotonously squeezing.

There is no throbbing pain in tension headaches. The presence of pulsation in tension headaches indicates that a person has either an incorrectly set type of headache, or a vascular component is attached to a tension headache.

Do you have it sporadically or chronically?

Tension headaches are divided into two types:

* Episodic tension headache – attacks last from 30 minutes to 1 week.The patient experiences fewer than 15 seizures per month (or less than 180 episodes per year).

Cases of pain are less intense than chronic. Anxiety disorders are most often associated with this type of tension headache.

* Chronic tension headache – the headache persists almost constantly with occasional slight increases in the intensity of pain sensations against the background of mental, mental and physical stress. The patient experiences more than 15 painful episodes per month (or more than 180 attacks per year).

Chronic tension headaches in many cases develop against the background of depression or are accompanied by its development. With this type of headache, the sensations are more intense. They reduce the quality of life, negatively affect performance – as a rule, patients can perform work during seizures, but its speed and efficiency decrease.

10% of people worldwide have tension headaches at least 1 time per week.

Tension headache is divided into two types – episodic and chronic.

Photo: GLOBAL LOOK PRESS

What else are you complaining about?

With chronic tension headache in the overwhelming majority of cases, people also complain of painful sensations in other parts of the body: in the heart, knees, abdomen, muscles, lower back. In this case, as a rule, physiological lesions of these organs are not detected during research, that is, the pain in them is rather psychogenic in nature.

NOTE

Move your legs more – less headache

Statistics confirm the fact that those who periodically arrange moderate or vigorous physical activity have a significantly lower risk of tension headaches.With moderate or active dosed loads, a person experiences a moderate pain load (from muscle training), due to which his anti-pain mechanisms are improved.

But this does not work under too active loads: the body cannot cope with the number of signals from the received microtraumas, which increases the likelihood of pain.

Moderate physical activity – for example, walking in the park, swimming – reduces the intensity of tension headaches.

Why does the head hurt after a nap?

Sleep is exactly the state in which the body can relax and restore lost strength.Many people like to sleep a little during the day, however, immediately after waking up, they often begin to suffer from migraine symptoms and a general malaise of the body appears.

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This condition deprives the chances of continuing normal work activity for the rest of the day, and the “biological clock” fails.To avoid the appearance of a headache after a day’s sleep, you need to know the possible cause of its occurrence, and try to eliminate it. The portal medaboutme.ru tells how to do this.

Why does a headache appear after a nap?

Factors provoking migraine after sleep are divided into two main types: pathological and non-pathological . The first group includes various diseases that can cause headache, the second – other causes that do not require drug treatment.

pathological factors include:

• Problems with blood vessels. People who are not accustomed to leading a healthy lifestyle, neglect proper nutrition and healthy sleep are at risk of disrupting the work of the cardiovascular system. If the arterial walls become damaged or become unusable, the risk of migraine headaches after naps becomes much higher;
• Oxygen starvation. More than ten seconds of breath holding provokes oxygen starvation of the body, which can also cause headaches after resting in the daytime;
• Depression and nervous breakdowns.During depression, the normal production of pain-relieving hormones in the human body is disrupted, due to which the sensitivity to any stimulus is significantly increased.

Among the non-pathological factors, it is worth noting:

• Wrong position during sleep. If you do not want to carry out regular treatment of migraine in the near future, learn to fall asleep in the correct position, in which the vessels will not be squeezed and the arteries are not pinched;
• Insufficient oxygen in the room.During sleep, the body needs oxygen no less than during the period of activity, therefore, you should first ventilate the room;
• High intracranial pressure. This indicator rises mainly during sleep, so excessive sleep should be avoided. Otherwise, the headache will get worse, and the body will begin to get used to regular oversleeping.

Considering all the above rules and nuances, you can always organize your sleep correctly.