Tsh lab result: How to Understand Your Lab Results: MedlinePlus Medical Test

30.08.197222.08.2021 by alexxlab

Содержание

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Lab Tests Online

Sources Used in Current Review

(2017 May. Updated). Thyroid Tests. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available online at https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/thyroid. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Wisse, B. (2016 February 3, Updated). TSH Test. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available online at https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003684.htm. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Sofronescu, A. (2015 November 2, Updated). Thyroid Screen Interpretation. Medscape Protocols. Available online at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172202-overview. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Erik, A. et. al. (2017 March 1). 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. THYROID Volume 27, Number 3, 2017. Available online at https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2016. 0457. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Straseski, J. (2018 June, Updated). Thyroid Disease. ARUP Consult. Available online at https://arupconsult.com/content/thyroid-disease. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Schneider, C. (2018 April 30). Initial evaluation of thyroid dysfunction – Are simultaneous TSH and fT4 tests necessary? PLoS One. 2018; 13(4): e0196631. Available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927436/. Accessed on 6/02/18.

Ross, D. et. al. (2016 October). 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid Volume 26, Issue 10. Available online at https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2016.0229. Accessed on 6/02/18.

2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for evaluation of thyroid nodules recommends TSH measurement in initial evaluation of all individuals with a thyroid nodule.

Sources Used in Previous Reviews

Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].

Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2004 May 15). Screening for Thyroid Disease: Recommendation Statement. American Family Physician [On-line journal]. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040515/us.html.

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. TSH. (Updated 10/24/07). [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003684.htm.

Wu, A. (2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Fourth Edition. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri. Pp. 1038-1041.

Ladenson,PW et al, for the American Thyroid Association. American Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. 12 Jun 2000. Arch Intern Med 60:1573-1575.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Women’s endocrine health. Available online at http://www.powerofprevention.com/w_endocrine.php.

Eckman, A. (Updated 2010 April 19). TSH test. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003684.htm. Accessed February 2011.

Meikle, A. and Roberts, W. (Updated 2010 October). Thyroid Disease. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/ThyroidDz.html. Accessed February 2011.

Bissell, M. Editor (2010 August). Lower thyroid-stimulating hormone thresholds in neonatal screening. CAP Today. Clinical Abstracts [On-line information]. Available online through http://www.cap.org. Accessed February 2011.

(Updated 2014 May 14). Thyroid Tests. National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service [On-line information]. Available online at http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/thyroidtests/index.aspx. Accessed June 2014.

Topiwala, S. (Updated 2012 June 26). TSH test. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003684.htm. Accessed June 2014.

(© 1995–2014). Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Sensitive (s-TSH), Serum. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/8939. Accessed June 2014.

Lin, J. (Updated 2012 February 17). Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2074091-overview. Accessed June 2014.

Meikle, A. W. and Straseski, J. (Updated 2014 April). Thyroid Disease. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/ThyroidDz.html?client_ID=LTD. Accessed June 2014.

©2014 American Thyroid Association. Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. If antithyroid drugs are chosen as initial management of GD, how should the therapy be managed? Available online at http://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-guidelines/hyperthyroidism/resultse/. Accessed September 2014.

(April 4, 2014) Aytug S. Euthyroid Sick Syndrome. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118651-overview. Accessed September 2014.

Thyroid Tests | NIDDK

Health care professionals use thyroid tests to check how well your thyroid is working and to find the cause of problems such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck that makes two thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃). Thyroid hormones control how the body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body, even your heart.

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck.

Thyroid tests help health care professionals diagnose thyroid diseases such as

Your doctor will start with blood tests and may also order imaging tests.

What blood tests do doctors use to check thyroid function?

Doctors may order one or more blood tests to check your thyroid function. Tests may include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T₄, T₃, and thyroid antibody tests.

Thyroid blood tests check your thyroid function.

For these tests, a health care professional will draw blood from your arm and send it to a lab for testing. Your doctor will talk to you about your test results.

TSH test

Health care professionals usually check the amount of TSH in your blood first. TSH is a hormone made in the pituitary gland that tells the thyroid how much T₄ and T₃ to make.

A high TSH level most often means you have hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid. This means that your thyroid isn’t making enough hormone. As a result, the pituitary keeps making and releasing TSH into your blood.

A low TSH level usually means you have hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid. This means that your thyroid is making too much hormone, so the pituitary stops making and releasing TSH into your blood.

If the TSH test results are not normal, you will need at least one other test to help find the cause of the problem.

T

₄ tests

A high blood level of T₄ may mean you have hyperthyroidism. A low level of T₄ may mean you have hypothyroidism.

In some cases, high or low T₄ levels may not mean you have thyroid problems. If you are pregnant or are taking oral contraceptives, your thyroid hormone levels will be higher. Severe illness or using corticosteroids—medicines to treat asthma, arthritis, skin conditions, and other health problems—can lower T₄ levels. These conditions and medicines change the amount of proteins in your blood that “bind,” or attach, to T₄. Bound T₄ is kept in reserve in the blood until it’s needed. “Free” T₄ is not bound to these proteins and is available to enter body tissues. Because changes in binding protein levels don’t affect free T₄ levels, many healthcare professionals prefer to measure free T₄.

T

₃ test

If your health care professional thinks you may have hyperthyroidism even though your T₄ level is normal, you may have a T₃ test to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes T₄ is normal yet T₃ is high, so measuring both T₄ and T₃ levels can be useful in diagnosing hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid antibody tests

Measuring levels of thyroid antibodies may help diagnose an autoimmune thyroid disorder such as Graves’ disease—the most common cause of hyperthyroidism—and Hashimoto’s disease—the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Thyroid antibodies are made when your immune system attacks the thyroid gland by mistake. Your health care professional may order thyroid antibody tests if the results of other blood tests suggest thyroid disease.

What imaging tests do doctors use to diagnose and find the cause of thyroid disease?

Your health care professional may order one or more imaging tests to diagnose and find the cause of thyroid disease. A trained technician usually does these tests in your doctor’s office, outpatient center, or hospital. A radiologist, a doctor who specializes in medical imaging, reviews the images and sends a report for your health care professional to discuss with you.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound of the thyroid is most often used to look for, or more closely at, thyroid nodules. Thyroid nodules are lumps in your neck. Ultrasound can help your doctor tell if the nodules are more likely to be cancerous.

For an ultrasound, you will lie on an exam table and a technician will run a device called a transducer over your neck. The transducer bounces safe, painless sound waves off your neck to make pictures of your thyroid. The ultrasound usually takes around 30 minutes.

During an ultrasound, a transducer bounces sound waves off the neck to make images of the thyroid.

Thyroid scan

Health care professionals use a thyroid scan to look at the size, shape, and position of the thyroid gland. This test uses a small amount of radioactive iodine to help find the cause of hyperthyroidism and check for thyroid nodules. Your health care professional may ask you to avoid foods high in iodine, such as kelp, or medicines containing iodine for a week before the test.

For the scan, a technician injects a small amount of radioactive iodine or a similar substance into your vein. You also may swallow the substance in liquid or capsule form. The scan takes place 30 minutes after an injection, or up to 24 hours after you swallow the substance, so your thyroid has enough time to absorb it.

During the scan, you will lie on an exam table while a special camera takes pictures of your thyroid. The scan usually takes 30 minutes or less.

Thyroid nodules that make too much thyroid hormone show up clearly in the pictures. Radioactive iodine that shows up over the whole thyroid could mean you have Graves’ disease.

Even though only a small amount of radiation is needed for a thyroid scan and it is thought to be safe, you should not have this test if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Radioactive iodine uptake test

A radioactive iodine uptake test, also called a thyroid uptake test, can help check thyroid function and find the cause of hyperthyroidism. The thyroid “takes up” iodine from the blood to make thyroid hormones, which is why this is called an uptake test. Your health care professional may ask you to avoid foods high in iodine, such as kelp, or medicines containing iodine for a week before the test.

For this test, you will swallow a small amount of radioactive iodine in liquid or capsule form. During the test, you will sit in a chair while a technician places a device called a gamma probe in front of your neck, near your thyroid gland. The probe measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood. Measurements are often taken 4 to 6 hours after you swallow the radioactive iodine and again at 24 hours. The test takes only a few minutes.

If your thyroid collects a large amount of radioactive iodine, you may have Graves’ disease, or one or more nodules that make too much thyroid hormone. You may have this test at the same time as a thyroid scan.

Even though the test uses a small amount of radiation and is thought to be safe, you should not have this test if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

What tests do doctors use if I have a thyroid nodule?

If your health care professional finds a nodule or lump in your neck during a physical exam or on thyroid imaging tests, you may have a fine needle aspiration biopsy to see if the lump is cancerous or noncancerous.

For this test, you will lie on an exam table and slightly bend your neck backward. A technician will clean your neck with an antiseptic and may use medicine to numb the area. An endocrinologist who treats people with endocrine gland problems like thyroid disease, or a specially trained radiologist, will place a needle through the skin and use ultrasound to guide the needle to the nodule. Small samples of tissue from the nodule will be sent to a lab for testing. This procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes. Your health care professional will talk with you about the test result when it is available.

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) Blood Test

TSH is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland. This gland is responsible for making sure that the thyroid hormones are released into the blood. TSH test is a thyroid function test used to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders, monitor thyroid replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism, diagnose and/or monitor female infertility problems, and occasionally the test is used to help evaluate pituitary gland function. While the test is most often used to help diagnose thyroid disorders in adults, expert opinions vary on the benefits of screening, and at what age to begin testing.

A TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) test is commonly ordered to help evaluate a person’s thyroid function and aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. It may also be used in some cases to evaluate pituitary gland function. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and aids the thyroid gland in producing Triiodothronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). These 2 hormones help control the body’s metabolism, temperature, and heart rate.

hyperthyroidism	normal	mild hypothyroidism	hypothyroidism
0 – 0.4	0.4 – 4	4 – 10	10

TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone, though it is sometimes called thyrotropin or thyrotropic hormone. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone, which is is critical for the proper function of virtually every cell in the body. TSH is released by the pituitary gland after the gland has been stimulated by thyroid releasing hormone (TRH), which is secreted by the hypothalamus. Thyroid hormone provides negative feedback on the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary to reduce thyroid hormone production and release. TSH measurements are important for diagnosing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. TSH may be measured in conjunction with total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, free T3, and reverse T3 concentrations in the serum.

Heterophile antibodies: Heterophile antibodies are antibodies that may occur when a person is exposed to animal-derived pharmaceuticals and antibody therapies. Their presence is more common in people who have had certain vaccinations, blood transfusions, or have been exposed to some animals (not household pets). The estimated incidence of these antibodies varies widely, but when present, they can interfere with TSH levels. There is no easy way to know if you have these antibodies, but a discrepancy between TSH levels and free T4 (the hallmark of heterophile antibodies), or between TSH levels and how you feel, should raise the question.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It is one of the primary hormones of the body that aids in the conduction of a plethora of vital bodily activities including regulation of metabolism, release of hormones by the thyroid gland and much more. A TSH test aids in the measurement of the amount of TSH present in the bloodstream. For an excessively low or high quantity of this element is known to cause the onset of a number of chronic diseases and conditions in the body.

Thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland that sits atop the neck. It’s one of the main glands of the body that typically produces three hormones – triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin. Each of these hormones is linked with the production of TSH. To clear the air, the thyroid produces hormones when the pituitary gland releases TSH in the blood. This means that, two glands work together and ensure the right amount of hormones are made. However, in the event one of these glands dysfunctions, the working of the other one is affected too.

TSH Levels	T3 and T4 Levels	Disease Condition
High	High	Tumor of pituitary gland
Low	Low	Secondary hypothyroidism
Low	High	Grave’s disease
High	Low	Hashimoto’s disease

TSH level in children
Birth to 4 days: 1‑39 mIU/L
2‑20 weeks: 1.7‑1 mIU/L
21 weeks to 20 years: 0.7‑64 mIU/L
TSH level in adults
21‑54 years: 0.4‑2 mIU/L
55‑87 years: 0.5‑9 mIU/L
TSH level during pregnancy
First trimester: 0.3‑5 mIU/L
Second trimester: 0.3‑6 mIU/L
Third trimester: 0.8‑2 mIU/L

The T4 test is usually prescribed in combination with a blood test for TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland), on which the production of thyroxine depends. If the T4 level is too low, the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone increases to stimulate the thyroid gland. If the level of T4 is too high, then the pituitary gland produces less TSH, weakening the synthesis of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.

Exceeding these results indicates thyroiditis, diffuse toxic goiter, thyroid adenoma or its postpartum dysfunction. An increase in T4 is possible not only due to diseases of the thyroid gland, it can occur in diseases of the kidneys and liver (for example, with hepatitis or cirrhosis), due to obesity. Taking aspirin, furosemide, levothyroxine, heparin and a number of other drugs also provokes an increase in T4.

The receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone is g lycoprotein of two subunits (alpha and beta), expressed on the surface of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland, responsible for the regulation of its function.The interaction of TSH with the receptor leads to the production of thyroid hormones and the growth of thyroid follicular cells. In the case of increased activation of the receptor, excessive synthesis of the hormone and cell growth occurs, which leads to thyrotoxicosis and the formation of goiter. The main cause of receptor hyperactivation is the formation of stimulating antibodies that bind to the receptor extracellular alpha subunit.
In general, antibodies to the TSH receptor can be divided into 3 categories: stimulating, blocking, and neutral.It should be noted that all three types of antibodies can be present in one patient. The cause of the development of Graves’ disease is an autoimmune process with the formation of stimulating antibodies to the TSH receptor. The pathogenetic role of these antibodies was first proven in 1956, when D.D. Adams reproduced the clinical picture of Graves’ disease by injecting plasma from the patient. Since the TSH receptor is located, in addition to thyroid cells, also on fibroblasts, adipocytes and lymphocytes, one of the symptoms of the disease is ophthalmopathy, manifested by protrusion of the eyeball and inflammation of the membranes of the eye, which is associated with the binding of antibodies to these cells in the retrobulbar tissue.Blocking antibodies, interacting with the surface beta subunit, interfere with the interaction of the receptor with TSH. This leads to a decrease in thyroid function, the formation of hypothyroidism and thyroid atrophy. These antibodies are detected in patients with Hashimoto’s atrophic thyroiditis. The presence of blocking antibodies in Graves’ disease may cause fluctuations in thyroid function in these patients. Neutral antibodies are directed to epitopes located outside the TSH binding point, so they do not have a blocking effect.Their pathogenetic role is unknown.
Testing for antibodies to the TSH receptor is necessary if Graves’ disease is suspected in pregnant women. It is important to note that these antibodies can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetal thyroid gland. Thus, stimulating antibodies cause the development of transient hypothyroidism in the newborn, blocking antibodies – transient hypothyroidism. An important role is played by the determination of antibodies to assess the risk of recurrence in patients treated with thyreostatics.The presence of a high concentration of antibodies in the blood is considered a marker of a high risk of recurrence.
The methods used in laboratory practice do not make it possible to distinguish between the presence of stimulating or blocking antibodies in the blood. The LATS test used for these purposes is complex and laborious, which makes it difficult to use it in routine research. The specificity of the test reaches 100%, since antibodies to the TSH receptor are almost never found in healthy people. However, the sensitivity of the test is about 80% due to the low concentration of antibodies in the blood serum.Thus, a negative test result does not rule out disease.

Normally, the level of antibodies in the blood is ≤ 1.75 IU / L.A negative result may indicate the absence of disease, a low risk of recurrence, and control of the disease during therapy. At the same time, it should be remembered that a negative result in this case does not allow the disease to be ruled out.
A positive result (> 1.75 IU / L) almost always indicates the development of Graves’ disease, since these antibodies are rarely found in healthy individuals. In newborns, such a result may indicate transient thyrotoxicosis / hypothyroidism, and in individuals treated for Graves’ disease, a high risk of recurrence when combined with other indicators.In some cases, the presence of antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is noted in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Glucose tolerance test
Performed only if preliminary results of fasting glucose are available, without exercise. Plasma glucose is measured on an empty stomach and 2 hours after glucose loading.
Glucose tolerance test is performed at normal and borderline (at the upper limit of the norm) blood glucose levels.The test is recommended if hyperglycemia was previously registered at least once during a stressful situation (myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, etc.). The test is carried out after the condition has stabilized.

Blood for hormonal studies must be donated on an empty stomach in the morning, from 8 to 11 am.
In the absence of such an opportunity, blood for some hormones can be donated 4-5 hours after the last meal in the daytime / evening hours (except for those studies for which blood must be donated strictly in the morning). Before taking tests, you must consult a specialist doctor.
1-2 days before the test, exclude foods high in fat from the diet, the last meal should not be plentiful.Psychoemotional and physical comfort is required 1 day before the study (calm state without overheating and hypothermia).

Thyroid hormones
When checking the level of thyroid hormones for the first time, stop drugs that affect the function of the thyroid gland 2-4 weeks before the study (after consultation with the attending physician). When monitoring treatment – exclude taking drugs on the day of the study and be sure to note this in the referral form (also note information about taking other drugs – aspirin, tranquilizers, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives).It is recommended to donate blood for TSH before 10 am.
Sex hormones
In women of reproductive age, the results of hormonal studies are influenced by physiological factors associated with the phase of the menstrual cycle. During the examination for sex hormones, indicate the phase of the menstrual cycle. Hormones of the reproductive system must be taken strictly according to the days of the cycle:
LH, FSH – 2-3 days of the cycle;
Estradiol – 2-3 or 21-23 days of the cycle;
Progesterone – 21-23 days of the cycle, with a 28-day cycle.If the cycle is more or less 28 days, then 7 days before the expected menstruation.
17-OH-progesterone, Testosterone – 2-3 days;
Dihydrotestosterone, Androstenediol glucuronide, Free testosterone, Androstenedione, Globulin, which binds sex hormones, Antimüllerian hormone – for 2-3 days of the cycle.
ACTH, cortisol
Since ACTH and cortisol are stress hormones, you need to calm down and relax for 20 minutes before donating blood.Any stress causes an unmotivated release of these hormones into the bloodstream, which will lead to an increase in this indicator.
The level of these hormones changes cyclically during the day, therefore the most informative results of studies carried out in the morning before 9 o’clock.
Gatrin 17, Gastrin-17 stimulated, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, H. Pylori IgG
Blood for research must be taken strictly on an empty stomach after a 12-hour fast.
For 1 week before the study, refrain from taking medications that affect gastric secretion: Pepcedin, Zantac, Nizax, Ranimex, Esofex, Losec, Somac, Ranixal, Ranil.
One day before the study, refrain from taking medications that neutralize hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach: Alsucral, Balancid, Prepulsid, Metropam, Librax, Gaviscon.
If you have any difficulties with drug withdrawal, be sure to inform your doctor about it.
For 3 hours before donating blood, refrain from smoking.

It is preferable to take blood in the morning on an empty stomach, after 8-14 hours of the night fasting period In the morning it is recommended to drink 1-2 glasses of plain still water. It is permissible to donate blood in the afternoon 4 hours after a light meal. If you are taking medications (anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents), be sure to notify your doctor about this and tell the procedural nurse about this during blood sampling.

For 1-2 days before the study, exclude foods high in fat from the diet. 2 days before donating blood for viral hepatitis, exclude citrus fruits, orange fruits and vegetables from the diet.
The results of studies for the presence of infections depend on the period of infection and the state of the immune system, therefore, a negative result does not completely exclude infection. At an early stage of the disease, seroconversion occurs (absence of antibodies in the acute period of the disease).
In doubtful cases, it is advisable to re-analyze after 3-5 days.
A blood test for the presence of IgM antibodies to infectious agents should be carried out no earlier than 5-7 days from the moment of illness, and IgG, IgA antibodies no earlier than 10-14 days.This is due to the timing of the production of antibodies by the immune system and their appearance in the blood in a diagnostic titer.

In the Median clinic, a pulsed vacuum thermomassage and cavitation apparatus Drumroll V-05 (Czech Republic) is used, with the help of which cosmetologists can carry out high-frequency pulsed vacuum massage, thermal massage and ultrasonic cavitation at the same time.Thanks to an integrated approach, the effectiveness of the procedures increases, which allows you to achieve a pronounced result in the form of a figure and face contour correction in a minimum number of sessions and without any effort on the part of the client.

More than 100 years ago, the influenza pandemic or the so-called “Spanish flu” in 1918 claimed at least 50 million lives worldwide (according to some estimates, 100 million).Now humanity is facing another pandemic – the outbreak of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, forcing us to live with this virus, possibly for a long time. Since December 2019, scientists and doctors have learned a lot about this disease called COVID-19 (1). The mortality rate for COVID-19 is estimated in the range of 0.5 to 3.5%, and the clinical prognosis for the disease is: 40% mild, 40% moderate, 15% severe, 5% critical.

Attention! Dear patients, we would like to remind you that immediately after an RFP injection you become a source of ionizing radiation, which means that contact with you is associated with radiation exposure.Considering this, during the waiting period for scanning, it is necessary to use the toilet located in the patient waiting room; it is highly undesirable to leave the patient waiting room, walk along the corridor. For the same reason, there should be no attendants in the room where you are waiting for the scan. Warn them about this in advance and offer to wait for you in the laboratory hall or outside the laboratory.

Attention! When scanning the patient’s body (in the neck and chest area), there should be no objects containing metal (chains, jewelry, etc.). You are kindly requested to remove all these items from yourself before the start of the study, so as not to waste time when placing them in the tomograph. During scanning, it is necessary to be in a state of complete rest, breathing should be even, calm, you cannot move, try not to swallow. It is important to remember that any movement can affect image quality.The time spent by the patient in the tomograph is on average 15-20 minutes.

“People with pronounced hypofunction of the thyroid gland have an accelerated heartbeat, high blood pressure, tremors of the hands and sometimes a goiter can be seen on the neck – an enlarged thyroid gland, as in the picture in the textbook for Graves’ disease.But I also met only two or three such patients. As a rule, the symptoms are milder: patients with suspected hyperfunction of the thyroid gland are more often irritable, anxious, they have an accelerated speech, high body temperature, ”Alexander Lavrishchev shares his observation.

Healthy people without complaints do not need to be tested for T4, or for other hormones besides TSH. Any laboratory test rates are just the average indicator of most healthy people in the population.Analytical data alone are not enough to understand what is happening with the patient. It is imperative to consult a doctor who will take into account the complaints and symptoms, and will be able to distinguish a real illness from an accidental error.

How it works.TSH works like a biochemical “gas pedal”. With it, the pituitary gland – a small gland located at the base of the brain – controls the thyroid gland. If there are too few hormones in the blood, the pituitary gland increases the production of TSH. This causes the thyroid gland to increase the synthesis of its own hormones. And if there are too many of them in the blood, the pituitary gland stops producing TSH. In healthy people, this leads to a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones.

How to understand the results. All over the world, it is believed that the normal level of TSH in the blood of an adult is 0.3-5.0 mIU / L. In our country, the normal range of TSH is already: 0.32-3.0 mIU / L. If the TSH in the blood is less than normal, the doctor has the right to assume that the thyroid gland is working too actively.And if there is too much TSH, most likely the thyroid gland is not active enough.

How it works. Information about how much free T4 a person has in his blood allows us to clarify the stage of the disease. In the body, T4 is present in two forms: inactive, that is, associated with the protein thyroxine binding globulin (TSH), and active, that is, not associated with TSH.An analysis for free T4 is prescribed for the purpose of a more detailed assessment of the thyroid status. For example, to diagnose hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism syndrome.

How it works. TSH is a protein made by thyroid cells. Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme that is found inside the cells of the thyroid gland, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors are proteins with which the thyroid gland receives orders from the pituitary gland. And antibodies are protective proteins that destroy viruses, microbes, and cancer cells. If antibodies to thyroid proteins appear in a person’s blood, this means that its cells are attacked by its own immune system.

If the number of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase increases, this may indicate Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, diffuse toxic goiter, neonatal hyperthyroidism, congenital hypothyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis, euthyroid goiter. These antibodies can also increase in other conditions, such as idiopathic hypothyroidism, adenoma, and thyroid cancer.And also – for all types of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and pernicious anemia. Antibody levels can be elevated in 5% of healthy men and women.

Tsh lab result: How to Understand Your Lab Results: MedlinePlus Medical Test

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Lab Tests Online

Thyroid Tests | NIDDK