Candida infection of the skin

Definition

Candida infection of the skin is a yeast infection of the skin. The medical name of the condition is cutaneous candidiasis.

Alternative Names

Skin infection – fungal; Fungal infection – skin; Skin infection – yeast; Yeast infection – skin; Intertriginous candidiasis; Cutaneous candidiasis

Causes

The body normally hosts a variety of germs, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body, some produce no harm or benefit, and some can cause harmful infections.

Some fungal infections are caused by fungi that often live on the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. They include yeast-like fungi such as candida. Sometimes, these yeast penetrate beneath the surface of the skin and cause infection.

In cutaneous candidiasis, the skin is infected with candida fungi. This type of infection is fairly common. It can involve almost any skin on the body, but most often it occurs in warm, moist, creased areas such as the armpits and groin. The fungus that most often causes cutaneous candidiasis is Candida albicans.

Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants. The fungi take advantage of the warm, moist conditions inside the diaper. Candida infection is also particularly common in people with diabetes and in those who are obese. Antibiotics, steroid therapy, and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Candida can also cause infections of the nails, edges of the nails, and corners of the mouth.

Oral thrush, a form of candida infection of the moist lining of the mouth, usually occurs when people take antibiotics. It may also be a sign of an HIV infection or other weakened immune system disorders when it occurs in adults. Individuals with candida infections are not usually contagious, though in some settings people with weakened immune systems may catch the infection.

Candida is also the most frequent cause of vaginal yeast infections. These infections are common and often occur with antibiotic use.

Symptoms

Candida infection of the skin can cause intense itching.

Symptoms also include:

• Red, growing skin rash
• Rash on the skin folds, genitals, middle of the body, buttocks, under the breasts, and other areas of skin
• Infection of the hair follicles that may look like pimples

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Your provider may gently scrape off a sample of skin for testing.

Older children and adults with a yeast skin infection should be tested for diabetes. High sugar levels, seen in people with diabetes, act as food for the yeast fungus and help it grow.

Treatment

Good general health and hygiene are very important for treating candida infections of the skin. Keeping the skin dry and exposed to air is helpful. Drying (absorbent) powders may help prevent fungal infections.

Losing weight may help eliminate the problem if you are overweight.

Proper blood sugar control may also be helpful to those with diabetes.

Antifungal skin creams, ointments, or powders may be used to treat a yeast infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina. You may need to take antifungal medicine by mouth for severe candida infections in the mouth, throat, or vagina.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Cutaneous candidiasis often goes away with treatment, especially if the underlying cause is corrected. Repeat infections are common.

Possible Complications

These complications may occur:

• Infection of the nails may cause the nails to become oddly shaped and may cause an infection around the nail.
• Candida skin infections may return.
• Widespread candidiasis may occur in people with weakened immune systems.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your provider if you develop symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis.

Images

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Fungal diseases: candidiasis. www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/index.html. Updated October 30, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021.

James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15.

Lionakis MS, Edwards JE. Candida species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 256.

Types of Skin Fungal Infections | What Causes Skin Fungus? – Video & Lesson Transcript

Causes of Skin Fungal Infections

The risk of getting a fungal skin infection can be increased by several factors.

• Geography – Some fungi that cause infections are only found in certain places within the world. Living in or traveling to these areas can cause an increased risk of contracting a fungal skin infection.
• Compromised Immune System – Someone with a compromised immune system is more susceptible to getting infections.
• Activities – Some fungi that cause infection can be found in soil that has bat or bird droppings. Activities such as gardening, cleaning a chicken coop, or exploring caves could increase your risk of infection.
• Pets – Ringworm is a common fungal infection that can be passed to humans from coming into contact with infected dogs and cats.
• Medicines – Some medicines can lower the body’s immune response and can cause someone to be more susceptible to fungal infections. Drugs for the treatment of HIV or cancer increase the risk of infection. Immunosuppressant drugs taken after an organ transplant can increase this risk as well.

Fungi can also cause other diseases and health problems. Lung infections can occur from breathing in fungi, however, people that are immunocompromised or have existing lung problems are at higher risk.

Types of Skin Fungal Infections

Ringworm, or tinea corporis, is a broad term that is used for any type of fungal skin infection. The term comes from the ring-like shape of the rash that is seen on the infected skin. It can be transmitted easily from person to person or from animal to person. Ringworm is the general term for the infection or rash on the body as a whole, but it is further divided into other names based on its location on the body.

Athlete’s foot, or tinea pedis, is a type of ringworm skin infection that affects mostly the bottom of feet and between the toes, and causes the skin to appear white and flaky. It can spread to the rest of the foot and is highly contagious. Athlete’s foot can be caused by wearing tight-fitting shoes over damp feet for long periods of time or walking barefoot in an area such as a locker room or bathroom.

Jock itch, or tinea cruris, is a skin infection in the groin and inner thigh area and causes itching and redness. Jock itch can occur when the groin area is damp, such as after sweating from a workout. To prevent jock itch, it is advised to ensure that you sufficiently dry the groin area after sweating and wear clean, dry underwear.

Scalp ringworm, or tinea capitis, is a highly contagious fungal skin infection that is commonly seen in children. Fungi called dermatophytes infect the scalp and cause circular patches of a rash including hair loss, itching, and irritation. Children often get this from contact with a person or animal that is infected, or by coming into contact with a surface that has been in contact with the ringworm rash on another person or animal. To prevent scalp ringworm, shampoo hair regularly and avoid sharing hairbrushes or towels with other people. Avoid touching animals that appear to have scaly red patches of skin.

Tinea versicolor is another common skin fungal infection that typically affects teens and young adults. When infection is present, it can cause pigmentation changes that result in patches of skin with light or darker pigmentation than the surrounding skin. Tinea versicolor is not contagious and can be treated with antifungal creams. This skin infection can be caused by hot, humid conditions, hormonal changes, or oily skin. It typically presents on the chest, back, and neck areas.

Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of Skin Fungal Infections

Skin fungal infections are identified by red, itchy, and flaky patches on the skin. These can be found anywhere on the body and can be diagnosed through examination by a doctor. Ringworm has a characteristic round shape that can be visible in locations such as the arms or abdomen. Itching and a rash in the groin area or on the feet typically indicate an infection by the same fungi. A doctor may also take a scraping of the infected skin for review under a microscope. Fungal skin infections are treated by topical antifungal medications and occasionally oral antifungal medication for a severe infection.

Jock Itch and Ring Worm Skin Fungal Infection

Ringworm is a general term for a fungal skin infection that is characterized by a ring-shaped rash on the body. This skin can become irritated and itchy.

Jock itch is a type of fungal infection that affects the groin and inner thigh areas of the body. It is characterized by inflammation and itching along the crease where the inner thigh meets the groin. The infected skin may be flaky and scaly or have small blisters.

Jock itch and ringworm are caused by the same fungi and are essentially the same infection with different names. Jock itch is specific to the groin area, while ringworm typically forms on the arms, legs, trunk, or buttock areas.

Yeast Fungal Infection

Yeast is a type of fungi that can cause infections of the skin and mucous membranes in areas such as the mouth or vagina. Yeast naturally lives on your skin and when it becomes overgrown, it can cause irritation. Just like other fungal skin infections, a yeast infection, or candidiasis, can be caused by moist conditions on your skin. Keeping the skin dry and clean is a great preventative measure.

A persistent diaper rash that doesn’t respond to typical treatment is likely due to a yeast skin infection. This is caused by the moist conditions present from prolonged use of a diaper. Changing diapers often to keep the skin dry is a great method of prevention. Diaper rash from a yeast skin infection can be treated with a topical medication like other fungal skin infections. It can typically be diagnosed by a doctor looking at the rash. Typical diaper rash appears more like chapped, red skin, while a yeast infection will appear with pimple-like blisters, redness, clearly defined borders, and won’t clear from using diaper rash creams.

Lesson Summary

Fungi are microorganisms such as yeast and mold. These organisms can grow on the skin and cause an infection that causes irritation, itching, and redness.

Common fungal skin infections are ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch and scalp ringworm. Ringworm mostly affects the arms, legs, trunk, and buttock areas. Athlete’s foot occurs on the bottoms of the feet and between the toes, and jock itch impacts the groin area. Scalp ringworm is caused by dermatophytes and occurs on the scalp. Tinea versicolor is another fungal skin infection that causes skin pigmentation changes.

Yeast is another fungus that can cause infections of the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause a type of diaper rash that needs to be treated with topical antifungal medication.

There are some factors that can increase your risk of getting a fungal skin infection such as where you live or places you visit, contact with animals, and diseases or medicines that compromise the immune system.

Fungal skin infections are typically diagnosed via visual examination by a doctor and can be treated with topical antifungal creams. Occasionally oral antifungal medication will be prescribed for severe cases.

Keeping skin clean and dry is a great way to prevent fungal skin infections. Avoiding contact with affected people or animals is also recommended.

Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

For most people, a fungal infection causes a mild skin rash or itching of the skin. Most fungal infections develop on the skin, but a fungal infection also can affect the nails and hair.

If a person has a weak immune system due to a medical condition such as HIV or cancer, a fungal infection may be more severe.

Tinea is the medical name for fungal skin infections.

HOW DID I GET A FUNGAL INFECTION?

It is easy to get a fungal infection. Fungi (plural of fungus) spread easily from person to person.

Many people get a fungal infection through close personal contact with someone who has a fungal infection, for example, sharing an infected object such as a towel or comb. You also can get a fungal infection while walking barefoot on an infected floor. Some people get a fungal infection by touching an animal that has fungi on its fur.

People increase their risk of getting a fungal infection when their skin stays wet for long periods. Fungi grow quickly in warm, moist areas. Underclothes, shower tiles, hot tubs, indoor tanning beds, and pool decks are common places for fungi to grow.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS AND HOW ARE THEY TREATED?

Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)

Athlete’s foot usually starts between the toes, causing the skin to itch, peel, and flake. Without treatment, athlete’s foot can worsen. Some people even get itchy blisters on their feet. The bottom of your foot also may look dry and scaly.

Most people catch athlete’s foot by walking barefoot through a public place such as a locker room or deck of a swimming pool.

Sometimes, a dermatologist can tell if you have athlete’s foot by looking at your skin. Other times a medical test is necessary. Athlete’s foot can look like another skin condition such as contact dermatitis or psoriasis. These skin conditions also can cause a rash.

If you have a mild case of athlete’s foot, an anti-fungal cream often works well to relieve the burning and itching.

When the infection is more severe, a dermatologist may write a prescription for anti-fungal pills.

Athlete’s Foot

Nail Fungus (Onychomycosis, Tinea unguium)

This fungal infection often affects the big toe. However, any or all nails may be involved. It can cause the nail to thicken and turn yellow. Sometimes the affected nail crumbles. Nail fungus tends to be more common in people who have had athlete’s foot for a while or have injured a nail.

A fungal infection also can affect a fingernail, but this is less common. Whether the fungus affects the fingernails or toenails, it can be hard to treat. To clear a fungal infection, prescription anti-fungal medications that you brush on the nail or pills may be necessary. Some people find that nail infections return frequently.

Nail Fungus

Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)

Jock itch is a rash that begins in the groin area. This rash is itchy, can flake and has a red border. Jock itch affects both men and women. Individuals who sweat a lot may be more likely to develop jock itch. Treatment can include anti-fungal creams that are available without a prescription. See your dermatologist for prescription creams that may work faster.

Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)

Ringworm causes a red, itchy, flaky patch that looks more like a ring as it grows. It is common to have several areas of ringworm at once in different body areas. Ringworm is very common in young children who spend time in close contact at daycare centers or schools. The infection also can affect dogs and cats, and these pets can transmit the infection to humans.

There are anti-fungal creams available without a prescription that can treat ringworm. If the ringworm is persistent, your dermatologist may treat it with a prescription anti-fungal cream or anti-fungal pill.

Ringworm

Scalp Ringworm (Tinea Capitis)

Scalp ringworm is most common in children. It can cause round, bald patches and flaking of the skin on the scalp. It is easily spread through shared brushes, hats or pillows. It is important to see a dermatologist for treatment. With the right treatment, any hair that is lost will often grow back in time.

Tips for Managing Fungal Infections

To prevent a fungal infection, or from becoming infected again, here are some things you can do:

• To protect your feet from athlete’s foot, wear shower shoes, flip-flops, or sandals in gyms, shower or locker areas, pools, and hotel rooms.

• When at the gym, wipe down exercise equipment, particularly bicycle seats and chairs, before and after
• Avoid using another person’s personal items, especially if you know they have a fungal infection. This includes towels, hair brushes, combs, and
• Wash your hands if you have touched a part of your body that has a fungal infection or an animal that is

This will reduce your chances of getting or spreading the infection.

A board-certified dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating the medical, surgical, and cosmetic conditions of the skin, hair and nails. To learn more or find a dermatologist in your area, visit aad.org or call toll free (888) 462-DERM (3376).

All content solely developed by the American Academy of Dermatology.Copyright © by the American Academy of Dermatology and the American Academy of Dermatology Association.

Images used with permission of the American Academy of Dermatology National Library of Dermatologic Teaching Slides

American Academy of Dermatology

P. O. Box 1968, Des Plaines, Illinois 60017AAD Public Information Center: 888.462.DERM (3376) AAD Member Resource Center: 866.503.SKIN (7546) Outside the United States: 847.240.1280

Web: aad.org

Email: [email protected]

Don’t let fungal infections take the fun out of summer

Sweaty sneakers can be a perfect habitat for fungus.

At any given time, there are probably dozens of types of microscopic fungus living on and inside your body. Don’t be alarmed: it’s totally normal and most of the time these fungi don’t cause any issues. But sometimes, fungus growth can get out of control or cause unwanted symptoms – this is called a fungal infection.  

What is fungus?

Fungi are living organisms, just like plants and animals. Humans actually eat some types of fungus, like mushrooms and yeast, and if you’ve ever pulled a furry piece of bread from the bottom of the packet, the mould you encountered was a type of fungus, too.

Common types of fungus found in or on the human body include Candida, a yeast fungus that can cause thrush, and Epdermophyton, Trichophyton and Microsporum, which can cause the different types of tinea.

Fungal infections in summer

While fungal infections can happen all year round, we can be particularly susceptible to some, such as thrush and tinea, during summer. Fungi thrive in warm and moist conditions, making areas of the body that get sweaty in summer perfect habitats. Activities that are common in summer, like using public showers at pools and beaches, can also help fungi spread.

Signs of a fungal infection

Symptoms of a fungal infection on the skin can include a red flaky rash; cracked, split or peeling skin; blistering and itching. One type of tinea called tinea corporis, or ringworm, forms a rash in a circular ring pattern (rest assured, there are no actual worms involved!). Tinea can happen anywhere on the body, but is common on the feet, groin, scalp and nails.

Symptoms of vaginal thrush can include: itchiness, soreness or burning in the vagina during or after sex; discharge that is often thick and white; a change in smell of vaginal secretions; and redness and inflammation of the vulva.

Symptoms of genital thrush in men can include: the head of the penis becoming itchy, red or sore; red spots on the head of the penis; or a thick, white substance collecting under the foreskin.

Treating a fungal infection

The good news is that most fungal infections can be easily treated with over-the-counter medication. See your pharmacist for advice on the right type of medication to take, or book an appointment with your GP. Women who are pregnant should speak with their GP before taking medication for thrush.

Follow our tips below for preventing fungal infections this summer, and get some information on treating them if you do get infected.

Keep clean and dry

Good personal hygiene practices can help keep fungus at bay. Keeping your skin clean and dry is one of the best ways to prevent fungal infections. Wash your body regularly and dry off thoroughly, before putting on clean, dry clothes.

Change your undies, socks and gym gear daily

Clothes that get sweaty or are in close contact with the body, like underwear, should be changed each day, or after you exercise. Make sure you put on fresh clothes each time you go to the gym or work out.  

Dry those sweaty shoes

Closed-in shoes, like sneakers, can create a perfect environment for fungi to thrive, especially in warm and humid summer weather. Try to give shoes a chance to dry out after wearing them, and consider taking a second pair on holidays if they’ll get a lot of use or may get damp.

Change out of your togs after swimming

If you’ve been cooling off in the pool or at the beach, change out of soggy swimmers and into clean, dry clothing, to prevent fungal infections like thrush and jock itch.

Wear footwear in public showers and bathrooms

Protect your feet from fungus by wearing easy-to-dry shoes when using public showers and change rooms.

Look after your immune system

Looking after your body by eating a well-balanced diet and getting enough exercise and rest will help promote a healthy immune system which can keep fungus in check. Find out more about healthy eating and exercising at Healthier. Happier.

Contagious Skin Diseases | Temple Health

What Are Contagious Skin Diseases?

Your skin is your body’s armor, protecting it from harmful environmental forces. But sometimes, viruses, bacteria or fungi penetrate skin and cause infections. These infections are called contagious skin diseases. Here’s a list of common contagious skin diseases and their causes:

• Impetigo – This infection is spread by contact with the sores of an infected person, and most often affects infants and children.
• Molluscum contagiosum – This virus spreads to other body parts by scratching or from person to person. In adults, molluscum contagiosum is often acquired through sexual contact.
• Fungal infections – People get fungal infections from breathing in or brushing up against fungal spores in the environment. Most often they affect people with weakened immune systems.
• Athlete’s foot – The fungus that causes athlete’s foot is often found on damp surfaces such as around a swimming pool or public showers.
• Scabies – This infection is caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin to live and feed. The infection spreads from skin-to-skin contact or from infested items such as furniture and bed linens.
• Ringworm – You can get this fungal infection from skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal.
• Shingles – Shingles develops from the same virus that causes chicken pox.

Symptoms

Contagious skin diseases present with a wide range of symptoms. Some have similarities such as rashes, but most are very different.

• Impetigo – Red sores around the nose, mouth, hands and feet. Honey-colored crusts develop after the sores rupture. Impetigo may cause mild itching and soreness.
• Molluscum contagiosum – Small, firm bumps that are pink or skin-colored with a dimpled center. They turn red as the immune system fights the infection. Some bumps may itch but are otherwise painless. Molluscum contagiosum often appears on the face, neck, hands, arms and armpits.
• Fungal infections – Rash in moist areas of the body where skin rubs up against skin, such as between the toes, under the breasts and in the genital area.
• Athlete’s foot – A cracked or blistered rash that causes stinging, itching and burning and possibly an unpleasant odor. Usually starts between the toes but can also appear on the soles and sides of the feet, and can spread to the toenails, groin and armpits.
• Scabies – Itching that keeps you up at night, rash with small bumps that look like hives, sores from scratching that can become infected, and crusty areas in severe cases. Mites can burrow anywhere on the body but prefer between the wrists, elbows, fingers, around fingernails, the buttocks, belt line, penis and around the nipples.
• Ringworm – A fungal infection that starts as a red scaly area. The area spreads outward and forms a circular ring with a slightly wavy border. The inside of the circle may look clear, scaly or bumpy and red. Sometimes several rings appear and overlap.
• Shingles – Pain, burning, numbness or tingling, red rash, blisters that rupture and crust, and itching. Most often appears as a single strip of blisters that wrap around your torso, but can also develop around an eye, neck or face. Shingles may also cause fever, headache, fatigue and light sensitivity.<

Treatment Options

Some contagious skin diseases clear on their own. For instance, molluscum contagiosum in children tends to resolve within 12 to 18 months. But most require over-the-counter or prescription treatment.

• Topicals – Antibiotic ointments for impetigo; antifungal powders or sprays for athlete’s foot; antifungal creams or ointments for athlete’s foot and ringworm; prescription creams or lotions for scabies; acids and blistering solutions to destroy molluscum contagiosum bumps; steroid creams to ease itch and redness.
• Oral medications – Antibiotics for impetigo; antifungal drugs for athlete’s foot and ringworm; antiviral drugs for shingles.
• Surgery – Cryosurgery, curettage and laser surgery to remove molluscum contagiosum bumps.

Ready for an Appointment?

If you’re experiencing signs or symptoms of contagious skin diseases, schedule an appointment or call 800-TEMPLE-MED (800-836-7536) today.

Learn more about our doctors and care team who diagnose and treat contagious skin diseases.

Not Sure What’s On Your Skin? It Could Be a…

Did you look into the mirror to see a strange cluster of bumps and wondered if it was acne? Sometimes those strange bumps or rashes could actually be a fungal infection. Don’t worry, it sounds worse than what it is. Fungal infections are actually quite common. We’ll help you sort it all out with a fungal infection checklist and give you an idea on how to treat it.

What to Know About Fungal Infections

What Is a Fungal Infection?

Mycosis is an infection rather than a condition and it doesn’t come about internally. Fungal infections are created when a species of fungi from an outside source (i.e, soil, surface germs, contracting from another person) hitches a ride on your skin and spreads.

Different types of fungal infections are well known like athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, even yeast infection. These types of fungal infections are usually formed with the right conditions and passed from person to person. Athlete’s foot and jock itch, for example, are contracted when sweaty clothes like socks and underwear are damp for too long, allowing organisms (fungi) to grow in them. If another person happens to come in contact with these materials (i.e., they wear them), the fungus is likely to attach itself to that person and spread. Such is the case with yeast infections and ringworms. Yeast infections usually only appear on the genitals. Ringworms, however, appear on the skin and scalp and can be contracted from infected animals and passed back and forth.

Being sure that you’re dealing with a fungal infection is paramount. Only then can you determine where you got it and if anyone else you know has been infected.

Signs of Fungal Infection Checklist

Determining if you have a funnel infection is crucial. The sooner you recognize the cause of your symptoms, the sooner you can begin treatment. View the checklist below to see if your symptoms match that of mycosis.

• Skin redness
• Irritation and discomfort
• Scaly or cracking skin
• Blisters and bumps (these bumps are often red and filled with pus)
• Severe itchiness
• Burning sensation
• Skin peeling
• Discoloration (darkening)

Despite the numerous home remedies that don’t really treat the issue, keep in mind that fungal infections don’t usually go away on their own or lessen in severity over time. It needs to be properly treated or else the infection may worsen and spread.

Though the above symptoms are just a few that individuals with fungal infections have experienced, your experiences may be different. Be sure to discuss your symptoms with a licensed dermatologist for a proper diagnosis.

How To Treat a Fungal Infection

Most fungal infections are easily treated with an over-the-counter antifungal cream. This medicated cream can be applied topically to the infected area. Depending on the type and severity of the infection, your doctor may suggest a different type of treatment. Either way, it is recommended that you seek a dermatologist’s advice when dealing with a fungal infection.

If you’re in Cincinnati, Ohio, then our experts at The Dermatology Group are here to help you explore treatment options, give you advice, resources, and more. Give us a call today!

Fungal skin infections commonly misdiagnosed — ScienceDaily

Fungal skin infections may be commonly misdiagnosed, according to a survey published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology by George Washington University (GW) dermatologist Adam Friedman, M.D.

With colleagues from GW and Therapeutics Clinical Research in San Diego, California, Friedman surveyed dermatologists at the 2016 Orlando Dermatology Aesthetic & Clinical Conference. The survey asked dermatologists to anonymously review 13 clinical images and determine whether or not the image was consistent with a fungal skin infection. The majority of cases were only appropriately classified by 50 percent of participants, with only one of the cases correctly identified by 90 percent of the audience.

Dermatophyte infections, the most common kind of fungal infection in the skin, hair, or nails, affect an estimated 25 percent of the world’s population and have accounted for 51 million outpatient visits over the last 10 years in the U.S. Misdiagnosis of dermatomycosis can result in incorrect therapy selection, worsening of symptoms, and even additional skin and soft tissue infections.

“It is crucial to push for proper and continued medical education on dermatophyte and other fungal skin infections to minimize misdiagnoses and ultimately curb disease impact,” said Friedman, associate professor, director of the residency program, and director of translational research in the Department of Dermatology at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

The survey highlights the challenge of distinguishing between certain fungal skin infections and primary inflammatory conditions, and the ease with which one may miss the correct diagnosis.

“Secondary syphilis, annular psoriasis, and pityriasis rosea are among a few inflammatory skin diseases that mimic dermatophyte infections,” said Friedman. “However, knowledge and training of bedside diagnostic techniques like potassium hydroxide preps during residency and beyond can combat misdiagnosis.”

“Cutaneous fungal infections are commonly misdiagnosed: a survey-based study” is published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

Story Source:

Materials provided by George Washington University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

90,000 Fungus in dogs – types of fungal diseases in dogs

How to recognize a disease and how is it treated?

Fungal infections, or dermatophytosis of dogs – a fairly common reason for owners to consult a veterinarian. Fungal diseases can affect dogs of any breed and at any age. Unfortunately, there is no full guarantee that the pet will not get sick with any kind of fungus, even under good conditions.

An undoubted advantage in this situation are modern drugs, with the help of which fungal infections are treatable.But the main conditions for success are prevention, timely access to a veterinary clinic at the first symptoms of the disease, correct diagnosis and treatment started on time.

The main attention of owners should be directed to the prevention of fungal diseases, since they are most often transmitted through close contact with infected animals. It is necessary to choose places for walking and monitor the contacts of the dog, preventing her from communicating with stray animals or being in places of their congestion.The owner himself can bring fungus spores from the street on the shoes, so you need to monitor the cleanliness and order in the house.

Young and weakened dogs are more susceptible to diseases of fungal infections. For example, non-dangerous yeast fungi are conditionally pathogenic and are constantly present on the skin. But under conditions favorable for infection – illness, a general weakening of immunity, the healing process – the amount of fungus increases, which causes a disease such as malassezia.This means that the cause of the disease is related to the health condition of the dog. Regular examinations and preventive measures – vaccinations, antiparasitic treatments – will help reduce the risk of fungal diseases. Timely access to a doctor at the first signs of the disease and treatment started on time also help to solve this problem.

Improper feeding, too high humidity, poor dog hygiene can also provoke the development of a fungal infection. The fungus grows especially well in warm and humid environments, for example, in undried and unkempt wool, under matted mat, on the paws, on the bends of the limbs, and in the ears.Dog hygiene and care, a properly selected diet can solve many health problems of the animal. Therefore, the prevention of any diseases, including fungal, begins precisely with the correct, responsible attitude of the owner to his pet.

If the condition of the dog’s skin and coat is suspicious, signs of the disease appear – spots on the skin, active hair loss, itching, redness, rashes, weeping or flaky areas – you should immediately contact the veterinary clinic.The fact is that, once in a favorable environment, the fungal infection begins to multiply very quickly, thereby further reducing the dog’s immunity. In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, the fungus can affect not only the superficial, but also the deep layers of the skin and, as a result, lead to complications – the development of purulent inflammation and folliculosis. In addition, the dog becomes infectious to the surrounding animals, and in some cases to humans.

Treatment of fungal infections begins with a visit to the veterinarian and a thorough examination.To diagnose a disease, you must first find out what type or types of fungal infection the animal is infected with. To do this, the doctor examines the dog with a lamp, be sure to take scrapings of the skin and particles of wool, since only a complete analysis will help determine the type of fungus, its amount, sensitivity to drugs and growth rate. It is also necessary to do bacteriological culture, as the fungus may turn out to be a secondary infection. To find out the level of immunity and the general condition of the body, you will need to do a detailed biochemical analysis of urine and blood.That is, the doctor must understand what is the cause of the disease. And only after that he will be able to prescribe the necessary treatment regimen. Such a number of analyzes will more than pay off the time and money spent.

Correctly selected drugs do not just weaken the effect of the infection, but completely rid the dog of the disease. The doctor, as a rule, prescribes not only internal preparations in the form of tablets or injections, but also external treatment of abrasions, rashes and spots with the help of ointments. In this case, under no circumstances should the dosage of drugs and the dosage regimen be violated, since all antifungal ointments and shampoos are toxic.In parallel with this, the doctor prescribes immunostimulants, immunomodulators and hepatoprotectors. It is important to remember that the earlier a dog is treated, the more effective it is.

90,000 What is hidden under the nails – DZM

In the summer, in the city, we walk in open shoes, on the beach barefoot and forget about the danger of fungal disease. It is easy to become infected with mycosis, but the treatment will take a long time.

Olga Novozhilova, a dermatovenerologist at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Healthcare Department, will tell you how to behave in order not to become a victim of a fungal infection.

– Nowadays on TV often advertisements for the prevention and treatment of nail fungus. What is this disease?

– Fungal infection, or mycosis of the feet – one of the most common diseases of the feet, nails, interdigital space. According to official statistics, 35% of the population suffers from this infection today. However, not all patients can immediately understand that they are developing mycosis of the feet, so they do not rush to see a doctor. They come when the problem becomes noticeable.This, of course, complicates and lengthens the treatment period, and the concentration of the acting substance on the fungus also increases.

– How can a person understand that he has contracted mycosis of the feet?

– One of the first symptoms is redness, itching and burning sensation of the skin of the feet, cracks in the skin between the toes. It is worth paying attention to the nails: the thickness of the nail plate, its color, structure changes; nails become thickened or brittle, crumble; the skin around the nails becomes red, swelling of the periungual fold.A specific odor may appear. If a patient has even the slightest suspicion of a mycological infection, it is necessary to contact a medical institution to a dermatologist or mycologist

– But why is this happening? Where and how?

– At risk – public places, water complexes, sports facilities, especially changing rooms, steam rooms, baths, the beach. I want to remind you that you cannot wear someone else’s shoes, walk barefoot in public places. Do not forget about the disinfection of manicure supplies.Unfortunately, increased sweating, decreased immunity, malfunctioning of the endocrine system, chronic diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus, hypo- and avitominosis, obesity, HIV can lead to a fungal infection.

I would like to draw the attention of pet owners: summer is ahead, the summer season, so do not forget to examine your pets. If you find bald spots, changes in hair, reddening of the skin in an animal, you should contact your veterinarian.

– Previously, the fungal infection was not so often talked about, now everyone knows about this disease.Are there more cases?

– There is no more infection, the awareness of the population has increased. And forewarned is forearmed.

– Of course, diseased nails look unattractive, to put it mildly, but what harm does a fungal infection cause to the body?

– Onychomycosis can lead to other diseases, such as bronchial asthma, various skin diseases of allergic etiology.

– Can nail polishes advertised on TV really cure nails? Or you can’t do without the help of a doctor?

– Treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor.Changed nail plates do not always indicate a fungal infection of the nails. So, damage to the nail plates occurs in onychodystrophy, hypo- and avitaminosis, anemia, psoriasis, traumatic injury and other pathologies.

– There are also folk remedies that, as they say, my grandmother prescribed. Is it possible to heal with their help on your own?

– I would not listen to these tips. A patient who applies to the branches of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Healthcare Department must undergo a laboratory study to look like the causative agent of mycological infection, and, if necessary, conduct a study on the sensitivity of the infectious agent to antimycotic drugs.

– What should be done in order not to get sick with a fungal infection?

– Observe the rules of hygiene, monitor the condition of the skin of the hands and feet. It is good if you do manicures and pedicures, but do not forget to clean the tools regularly. It is also worth knowing that a lot depends on shoes, they should be made from natural materials. Carry out activities aimed at combating excessive sweating, care and moisturizing of the skin of the hands and feet, and treat flat feet.

Persons receiving antibiotics, cytostatics, hormonal preparations for a long time should receive preventive treatment.

– Why are there so many varieties of medicines? And is it possible to replace expensive ones with more budgetary ones?

– Only a dermatovenerologist can prescribe the correct treatment, taking into account the area of ​​skin and nail plate lesions. This can be local treatment (use of ointments, varnishes), systemic treatment (taking tablet forms), with and without removal of the nail plate. But in any case, only a doctor prescribes therapy. You should not contact pharmacists at pharmacies for the selection of another drug, this can be discussed at a doctor’s appointment, many doctors are guided by prices.

– How much fungal infection is treated on average? Is it possible to get sick again?

– It takes a long time. Skin treatment lasts on average 14 – 21 days, dynamic monitoring of the patient – throughout the year.

Treatment of nail plates lasts up to 6-8 months, depending on the lesion, dynamic observation of the patient – up to 2 years.

Patients removed from follow-up should be shown annually to a dermatovenerologist for 3-5 years.

Re-infection with mycoses is possible.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that people with affected nail plates pose a danger to their loved ones, including children, who can become infected through common household items.

How to treat fungus on the skin of the feet

How and how to treat a fungal infection?

Sometimes people try to get rid of unpleasant symptoms on their own with the help of cosmetics.Such treatment of skin fungus does not bring results, and the person himself continues to be a source of infection ¹ .

What to do if skin fungus has gotten on the legs or arms? There are special agents that are detrimental to fungal infections. They differ in chemical composition, mechanism of action, and antifungal activity. Common to them is the effect on pathogenic fungi ² .

Treatment of fungus on the skin can be local, systemic and combined ³ .

For topical treatment, an antifungal agent is applied directly to the affected area of ​​the skin of the legs, hands, head or trunk. The advantage of local agents is the depth of their penetration with the creation of high concentrations in the lesion, a low likelihood of the development of adverse reactions ⁵ .

Forms of local antifungal agents are various. For the treatment of fungus on the skin, creams and ointments ⁴ can be used.Derivatives of fatty acids in their composition facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the affected area of ​​the skin, soften and moisturize the skin ^5.6 .

One of the topical preparations for the treatment of fungus on nails and skin is Exoderil ^®2 .
For fungal skin lesions, it is advisable to use Exoderil ^® in the form of cream ^6.10 . Exoderil ^® cream fights fungus and also works against itching, redness * and bacteria – a possible cause of unpleasant odor **.Exoderil ^® cream is easy to use – it is applied only once a day ¹¹ to the affected skin of the hands and feet.

Systemic treatment of fungus on the skin involves taking antifungal drugs in the form of tablets. It is used in advanced cases, with a prolonged course of the process, with widespread lesions, frequent exacerbations or ineffectiveness of local treatment ⁴ .

Could mycosis treatment be ineffective?

If a person is prescribed the correct antifungal agent and follows the recommendations carefully, the chances of a successful treatment are increased ⁸ .Unfortunately, sometimes patients do not consider the problem a serious one, do not adhere to the prescription regime, and do not believe in the success of therapy. Many people stop treatment on their own when their condition improves ¹ .

When treating skin fungus, it is important to strictly follow the recommendations of a specialist, to undergo control studies after the course of treatment.

How not to “catch” the fungus again?

Do not think that once you get rid of the fungus, you will never get mycosis again.A fungal infection can occur repeatedly. Especially in people at risk – the elderly, suffering from diabetes mellitus, circulatory disorders, obesity, decreased immunity ^1.2.5 . Disease is easier to prevent than to cure.

To prevent fungal infections, it is necessary to keep the skin of the feet dry and clean, use individual hygiene items (washcloths, manicure accessories). It is recommended to wear shoes made of natural materials of suitable size, as well as to regularly treat shoes with disinfectants and antifungal agents ^5.6 .

Why is it important to treat skin fungus?

Fungal infection can spread if left untreated. In every fourth patient, with a long course of fungal infection, not only the feet, but also the skin and nails of the hands are affected ⁹ .

A person who refuses treatment may infect family members ⁶ , may pose a threat of foot fungus infection to people who go to the pool, gym with him ⁵ , etc.d.

Treatment of a fungal infection will help to combat symptoms such as burning, unpleasant odor ⁴ , itching and peeling of the skin of the legs or other areas of the body, and will restore good health.

Remember that only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the optimal treatment for fungus on the skin.

* Redness – as a sign of inflammation in dermatomycosis.
** Smell – as a sign of the addition of a secondary bacterial infection with mycosis of the feet.

90,000 what does it look like, how does it manifest and why does nail fungus occur?

Onychomycosis – this is the scientific name of nail fungus – is a fairly common disease: in Russia alone, several million people have encountered this diagnosis. And one of the main reasons for the prevalence of the disease is low awareness of how the fungus is transmitted and how to properly treat it.

In addition, not everyone realizes that nail fungus is not only an aesthetic problem.Fungal infection has a general toxic effect on the body and can provoke other diseases: fungal meningitis and sepsis, candidiasis, aspergillosis of the lung tissue. But even at the initial stages, onychomycosis significantly reduces the quality of life.

With regard to this ailment, the rule “forewarned is forearmed” works well, therefore in this article we will consider the causes of onychomycosis, and also tell you how the fungus on the nails manifests itself.

Nail fungus: causes of development

Onychomycosis is caused by various pathogens: most often they are dermatophytes, sometimes yeasts and molds.They penetrate into the upper stratum corneum of the nail, destroying keratin, and then assimilate there, multiply, occupying an ever larger area, and parasitize on the resources of the human body.

But how do they “break through” under the nail bed? The causes of toenail and toenail fungus are varied. You can get infected with the fungus by visiting public saunas, showers, changing rooms. But many people know about it – which is already good. But knowledge alone is still not enough, it is important to take action. In this case, it is not walking barefoot.

However, the danger may await at home. If one of the family members “caught” the fungus, most likely, soon the disease will be transmitted to the rest of the household. Infectious particles can remain on carpets, towels, bedding, household appliances … In such a situation, the sick person must show responsibility: use only their household items and start treatment as soon as possible.

Naturally, it is extremely important to maintain good hygiene. By this we mean not only water procedures and wearing clean clothes – this should be the default.Most often, onychomycosis affects the toenails, while the fungal infection “loves” moisture and heat, in such conditions it develops especially actively. Therefore, it is important to put on shoes, as they say, according to the weather and choose breathable shoes, and take a replacement pair to work. Also, the shoes should be sized. If it is too tight, the nail plate can be injured. And any wound or crack is an “entrance gate” for infection. The nail can also be damaged during a manicure or pedicure. And if the tools in the beauty salon are poorly disinfected, the risk of fungal infection is very high.

The above are the main sources of disease that are amenable to our control. But there is also another important factor that can easily leave us no choice – health. Weakened immunity makes our body vulnerable to any pathogenic organisms, and the fungus is no exception. The risk is also increased for the elderly and people with cardiovascular and endocrine disorders.

We have sorted out the reasons for the appearance of fungus on the nails, now we will get acquainted with how nail fungus looks like.

Signs of nail fungus

In order to start the treatment of onychomycosis in a timely manner, it is important to know how the disease manifests itself. The main signs of nail fungus on the hands and feet are as follows:

• color change;
• thickening and deformation of the nail plate;
• crumbling and then complete destruction of the nail.

It is not for nothing that the symptoms of the fungus are listed in this order – this sequence corresponds to the picture of the development of the disease.Now let’s dwell on each point in more detail.

At the initial stage – normotrophic – spots and stripes appear on the nail plate. The color change can affect both the entire nail and only small areas, depending on the situation and the pathogen, the shade can be different: white, yellow, gray, brown, black or greenish. It is especially easy to overlook this stage in the development of the fungus in the event of an injury, when the nail plate is severely damaged and already has a different color.In this case, you should be very vigilant and do not ignore visits to the doctor.

At hypertrophic stage , a thickening of the nail plate occurs. The nail becomes uneven, bulges appear, some roughness. Already at this stage, itching may occur, redness of the skin around and in the space between the fingers, often the fungus spreads to the next nail.

If the fungus is not treated, the next stage of its development will not be avoided – atrophic .An unpleasant odor will be added to the itching, inflammation and redness of the skin around the nail. Also, for advanced onychomycosis, destruction of the nail plate is characteristic, and when pressed, pus can be released from under it.

So what do you do when you find anxiety symptoms? Step one is to see a specialist. The doctor will find out the exact cause of the disease and prescribe the correct treatment. Step two – follow the doctor’s recommendations exactly: apply the prescribed medication in the indicated dosage, do not interrupt the course of treatment.Fungus therapy is not a quick process. And it is unacceptable to cancel the medicine as soon as the visible symptoms of the disease have passed: if the nail looks healthy, this does not mean that the infection is completely destroyed. As a rule, treatment continues for another two weeks after the disappearance of the manifestations of the fungus or until the healthy nail has completely grown. If all the rules are followed, then the third step is to enjoy your recovery, but do not forget about prevention.

Often, many do not attach importance to nail problems at an early stage of the fungus.It is easy to attribute such manifestations to a lack of vitamins, an unfortunate blow to the finger, or some other temporary failure. Often, women try to hide the ailment behind a layer of varnish, hoping that everything will go away by itself. But under masking agents the fungus lives well and, gradually undermining our immunity, it progresses. And the later the patient begins to sound the alarm, the longer and more difficult the treatment is – in severe forms, recovery sometimes takes a year or even more.

All information related to health and medicine is presented for informational purposes only and is not a reason for self-diagnosis or self-medication.

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