What are the main types of infectious colitis. How can you recognize the symptoms of this condition. What causes infectious colitis and who is at risk. How is infectious colitis diagnosed and treated. What complications can arise from infectious colitis. How long does infectious colitis typically last.

Understanding Infectious Colitis: An Overview

Infectious colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, characterized by various symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. This acute illness typically results from pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites. While it shares similarities with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infectious colitis is generally a short-term condition that resolves within a week, though severe cases may persist for several weeks.

Key Characteristics of Infectious Colitis

• Inflammation of the colon
• Caused by pathogens
• Usually acute and self-limiting
• Can mimic symptoms of IBD

Types of Infectious Colitis: Exploring the Various Causes

Infectious colitis can be classified based on the causative pathogen. Understanding these types is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Viral Colitis

Viral colitis is caused by various viruses, including:

• Norovirus
• Rotavirus
• Adenovirus
• Cytomegalovirus

Bacterial Colitis

Bacterial infections account for approximately 47% of infectious colitis cases. Common bacterial causes include:

• Campylobacter jejuni
• Salmonella
• Shigella
• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Parasitic Colitis

Parasitic colitis is less common but can be caused by organisms such as:

• Entamoeba histolytica

Sexually Transmitted Colitis

Some sexually transmitted infections can lead to colitis, including:

• HIV
• Gonorrhea
• Chlamydia
• Herpes simplex 1 and 2
• Syphilis

Recognizing the Symptoms of Infectious Colitis

Identifying the symptoms of infectious colitis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. While symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause, some common signs include:

• Watery or bloody diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Rectal pain
• Increased urgency to pass stool
• Bloody mucus discharge from the anus

Can symptoms of infectious colitis be mistaken for other conditions? Indeed, the symptoms of infectious colitis can be similar to those of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroenteritis, which is why proper diagnosis is essential.

Risk Factors and Causes of Infectious Colitis

Understanding the risk factors and causes of infectious colitis can help in prevention and early detection. Most cases of infectious colitis occur after contact with contaminated food or water. However, certain factors can increase the risk of contracting this condition:

• Traveling to foreign countries
• Hospital stays
• Antibiotic use
• Close contact with an infected person
• Living with certain medical conditions (e.g., sickle cell anemia, hemolytic anemia)
• Taking immunosuppressive medications

Is there a connection between antibiotic use and infectious colitis? Yes, antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria, potentially increasing the risk of infections like C. difficile colitis.

Diagnosis and Testing for Infectious Colitis

Accurate diagnosis of infectious colitis is crucial for effective treatment. The diagnostic process typically involves:

1. Medical history review and symptom assessment
2. Physical examination
3. Stool sample analysis and bacterial cultures
4. Additional testing to rule out other causes of colitis

What additional tests might be necessary for diagnosing infectious colitis? In some cases, doctors may order CT scans, colonoscopies, tissue biopsies, or fecal cultures to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Importance of Differential Diagnosis

Given the similarity of symptoms between infectious colitis and other gastrointestinal conditions, a thorough differential diagnosis is essential. This process helps distinguish infectious colitis from conditions such as:

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Ischemic colitis
• Microscopic colitis

Treatment Approaches for Infectious Colitis

The treatment of infectious colitis varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In many cases, especially mild forms, the infection may clear on its own without specific treatment. However, medical interventions may be necessary in some situations.

Antibiotic Treatment

Antibiotics are often prescribed for bacterial causes of colitis. However, their use requires careful consideration:

• Effective for most bacterial infections
• Not recommended for children due to the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Commonly used for C. difficile infections, especially in immunosuppressed patients

Supportive Care

Supportive measures are crucial in managing infectious colitis and may include:

• Fluid replacement to prevent dehydration
• Dietary modifications
• Rest and close monitoring of symptoms

When is antibiotic treatment necessary for infectious colitis? Antibiotic treatment is typically reserved for confirmed bacterial infections, severe cases, or in patients with compromised immune systems. For viral or mild bacterial cases, supportive care may be sufficient.

Complications and Prognosis of Infectious Colitis

While most cases of infectious colitis resolve without significant complications, severe cases can lead to various health issues. Understanding these potential complications is important for both patients and healthcare providers.

Potential Complications

• Dehydration due to fluid loss
• Toxic megacolon
• Intestinal perforation
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Reactive arthritis
• Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Encephalitis
• Seizures
• Hemorrhagic colitis
• Kidney failure
• Pancreatitis
• Cholecystitis
• Meningitis
• Low blood sugar
• Hyponatremia
• Septic shock
• In rare cases, death

Prognosis and Recovery

The prognosis for infectious colitis is generally good, with most cases resolving within a week. However, factors affecting recovery include:

• Severity of the infection
• Underlying health conditions
• Timely and appropriate treatment

Can infectious colitis recur after initial recovery? Yes, in some cases, particularly with C. difficile infections, recurrence is possible. About 1 in 6 people with C. diff may experience a recurrence within 2-8 weeks of the initial infection.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Colitis

Preventing infectious colitis and managing its recurrence involves several key strategies:

Preventive Measures

• Regular hand washing
• Proper food handling and storage
• Avoiding contaminated water sources
• Practicing safe sex
• Maintaining a strong immune system

Managing Recurrence

For those who have experienced infectious colitis, preventing recurrence is crucial. Steps to reduce the risk of reinfection include:

• Adhering to prescribed antibiotic regimens
• Sanitizing surfaces regularly
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
• Considering probiotics to support gut health

Advanced Treatment Options

In cases of recurrent or severe infectious colitis, particularly C. difficile infections, advanced treatment options may be considered:

• Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
• Extended antibiotic courses
• Immunotherapy

How effective is fecal microbiota transplantation in treating recurrent C. difficile colitis? Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown promising results in treating recurrent C. difficile infections, with success rates of up to 90% in some studies.

Living with Infectious Colitis: Dietary and Lifestyle Considerations

While recovering from infectious colitis and preventing its recurrence, certain dietary and lifestyle modifications can be beneficial:

Dietary Recommendations

• Stay hydrated with clear fluids
• Gradually reintroduce solid foods
• Consume easily digestible, low-fiber foods initially
• Avoid dairy products, caffeine, and alcohol during recovery
• Consider probiotic-rich foods to support gut health

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Get adequate rest during recovery
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques
• Maintain good personal hygiene
• Avoid sharing personal items with others
• Follow up with healthcare providers as recommended

Can dietary changes help prevent future episodes of infectious colitis? While dietary changes alone cannot prevent all cases of infectious colitis, maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients and probiotics can support overall gut health and potentially reduce the risk of certain infections.

Infectious colitis, while often a short-term condition, can significantly impact an individual’s health and quality of life. Understanding its types, symptoms, causes, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention. By recognizing the signs early, seeking appropriate medical care, and following preventive measures, individuals can minimize the risk of infectious colitis and its complications. As research in this field continues to advance, new treatment options and preventive strategies may emerge, offering hope for improved management of this condition in the future.

Infectious colitis: Types, symptoms, and more

Infectious colitis is an inflammatory condition that can cause diarrhea. Treatment depends on whether the colitis results from bacteria, a virus, or a parasite.

Infectious colitis causes symptoms similar to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including rectal pain, increased urgency to pass stool, and bloody mucus discharge from the anus.

Several pathogens may cause this acute form of diarrhea, including viruses, parasites, and bacteria.

This article reviews what infectious colitis is, its types, symptoms, causes, and more.

Colitis is inflammation of the colon, which is the part of the intestines where stool forms.

Colitis can cause several symptoms, including:

• abdominal pain
• bloating
• nausea
• urgent diarrhea

Infectious colitis is a type of colitis resulting from viruses, bacteria, or parasites.

It is generally an acute illness that will clear within about 7 days, with or without treatment. More severe cases can last for several weeks.

Common types of colitis and their causes include:

• Viral colitis: Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus.
• Bacterial colitis: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridium difficile, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Parasitic colitis: Entamoeba histolytica
• Sexually transmitted colitis: HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex 1 and 2, and syphilis.

While different types of colitis can cause similar symptoms, the underlying cause may affect treatment.

Infectious colitis can cause symptoms similar to those of IBD and gastroenteritis, such as:

• watery or bloody diarrhea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain
• nausea
• fevers
• appetite loss
• weight loss

Most people who develop infectious colitis do so after coming into contact with contaminated food or water.

People may be at higher risk of contracting infectious colitis if they:

• travel to foreign countries
• stay in a hospital
• take antibiotics
• have close contact with an infected person

Bacterial infections account for about 47% of all cases. Common bacterial causes in the United States include Salmonella and Clostridium difficile, also known as Clostridioides difficile.

Living with certain medical conditions, such as sickle cell anemia or hemolytic anemia, or taking certain medications, such as immunosuppressors, puts a person at a higher risk of Salmonella infection.

Other possible bacterial causes include:

• Campylobacter
• Shigella
• E. coli
• Yersinia

Less commonly, amebic (parasitic) and viral infections can cause colitis.

During an exam, a doctor will ask about a person’s symptoms. They may also ask about possible exposure to known risk factors, such as a recent hospital stay or travel abroad.

They will likely run bacteria cultures of stool samples to determine whether the underlying cause of symptoms is bacterial in origin.

The doctor may also order additional testing, such as CT scans, a colonoscopy, tissue biopsies, and fecal cultures, to rule out other colitis causes.

Treatment may vary depending on the cause. Antibiotics can help treat bacterial colitis. However, antibiotics are inappropriate for children because of the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

For C. diff, doctors recommend antibiotic treatment for most people, especially if they are immunosuppressed.

Most people with mild forms of colitis do not need treatment. Infections typically clear on their own.

A person may develop dehydration due to fluid loss from diarrhea.

Other complications depend on the underlying pathogen causing the infection. Possible complications include:

• toxic megacolon
• intestinal perforation
• hemolytic uremic syndrome
• reactive arthritis
• post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• encephalitis
• seizures
• hemorrhagic colitis
• kidney failure
• pancreatitis
• cholecystitis
• meningitis
• low blood sugar
• hyponatremia
• septic shock
• death

Most cases of infectious colitis will clear in about 7 days. However, in severe cases, it may take several weeks before the infection clears.

In some cases, a person can contract the infection again shortly after infection — for example, about 1 in 6 people with C. diff get it again within the following 2–8 weeks. Washing hands regularly, sanitizing surfaces, and avoiding people with the infection can help prevent a recurrence.

In addition to antibiotic treatment, in some cases, a fecal transplant may be necessary.

Below are some common questions on infectious colitis.

How serious is infectious colitis and how long does it last?

Most people start to feel better in about 7 days. In severe cases, it can take several weeks before the infection passes.

How do you get a colitis infection?

The most common form of transmission is through contaminated food or water.

What is the treatment for infectious colitis?

Treatments may involve letting the infection run its course or providing fluids and antibiotics. Some people may need fluids in a hospital setting.

What is the difference between infectious and ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. It results from an abnormal immune response where the immune system attacks healthy colon tissue.

Infectious colitis results from an infectious agent that causes inflammation in the colon. It is generally self-limiting and clears within a few days.

What is the difference between infectious colitis and gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis occurs due to a viral or bacterial infection, commonly rotavirus. It is common in children. Similar to infectious colitis, it causes intestinal inflammation, but it also causes inflammation in the stomach.

Another main difference is that gastroenteritis typically does not cause bloody diarrhea.

Infectious colitis is inflammation of the intestines resulting from an underlying bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Bacteria are the most common cause of infectious colitis.

Generally, the condition does not require medical treatment.

Some people may contract the infection again. Regular handwashing and avoiding those with an infection can help prevent reinfection.

Infectious Colitis – What You Need to Know

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jul 3, 2023.

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What is infectious colitis?

Infectious colitis is swelling and irritation of your colon. It is caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses.

What are the symptoms of infectious colitis?

• Diarrhea 3 or more times in a day
• Bowel movements that contain blood or mucus
• Headache or body aches
• Low-grade fever (less than 101.0 F)
• Abdominal pain, bloating, and cramps

What increases my risk for infectious colitis?

• You live or work in a skilled nursing facility
• You work in a daycare center, or your child goes to daycare
• You do not wash your hands after using the bathroom or before handling food
• You drink contaminated water or eat contaminated food
• You have recently taken antibiotics
• You have a weak immune system

How is infectious colitis diagnosed and treated?

A sample of your bowel movement may be tested to identify the bacteria, virus, or parasite causing your symptoms. A colonoscopy is a procedure that may be done to look inside your colon. You may need to take medicine to treat the bacteria, virus, or parasite.

How can I care for myself?

• Drink liquids to help prevent dehydration. Ask your healthcare provider how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you. You may need to drink an oral rehydration solution (ORS). An ORS contains a balance of water, salt, and sugar to replace body fluids lost during diarrhea. Ask what kind of ORS to use, how much to drink, and where to get it.
• Do not take medicine to stop your diarrhea. These medicines may make your symptoms last longer.

How can I prevent infectious colitis?

• Clean food and utensils thoroughly. Rinse fruits and vegetables in running water. Clean cutting boards, knives, countertops, and other areas where you prepare food before and after you cook. Wash sponges and dishtowels weekly in hot water.
• Keep cooked and raw foods separate in your grocery cart, grocery bags, and refrigerator. This prevents cross contamination. Cross contamination is when germs from one food spread to another food. This happens when juices from raw meat, fish, and eggs get on cooked or ready-to-eat foods. Use a separate cutting board for raw foods. Never put cooked food on an unwashed plate that had raw meat, seafood, or eggs on it.
• Cook meat as directed.
  • Cook ground meat to 160°F.
  • Cook ground poultry, whole poultry, or cuts of poultry to at least 165°F. Remove the meat from heat. Let it stand for 3 minutes before you eat it.
  • Cook whole cuts of meat other than poultry to at least 145°F. Remove the meat from heat. Let it stand for 3 minutes before you eat it.
• Do not eat raw or undercooked oysters, clams, or mussels. These foods may be contaminated and cause infection.
• Refrigerate food immediately. This will help slow down the growth of germs. Your refrigerator should be at 40°F or below to keep foods safe. Put meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood in the refrigerator or freezer within 2 hours after cooking or buying them. Always thaw food in the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave. Do not thaw food on your countertop.
• Drink safe water. Drink only treated water. Do not drink water from ponds or lakes, or swimming pools. Drink bottled water when traveling.

Treatment options

The following list of medications are in some way related to or used in the treatment of this condition.

• Flagyl
• metronidazole
• Vancocin
• Flagyl IV
• Flagyl 375

What can I do to prevent the spread of germs?

• Wash your hands often. Wash your hands several times each day. Wash after you use the bathroom, change a child’s diaper, and before you prepare or eat food. Use soap and water every time. Rub your soapy hands together, lacing your fingers. Wash the front and back of your hands, and in between your fingers. Use the fingers of one hand to scrub under the fingernails of the other hand. Wash for at least 20 seconds. Rinse with warm, running water for several seconds. Then dry your hands with a clean towel or paper towel. Use hand sanitizer that contains alcohol if soap and water are not available. Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth without washing your hands first.
  
• Cover a sneeze or cough. Use a tissue that covers your mouth and nose. Throw the tissue away in a trash can right away. Use the bend of your arm if a tissue is not available. Wash your hands well with soap and water or use a hand sanitizer.
• Stay away from others while you are sick. Avoid crowds as much as possible.
• Ask about vaccines you may need. Talk to your healthcare provider about your vaccine history. He or she will tell you which vaccines you need, and when to get them.
  • Get the influenza (flu) vaccine as soon as recommended each year. The flu vaccine is available starting in September or October. Flu viruses change, so it is important to get a flu vaccine every year.
  • Get the pneumonia vaccine if recommended. This vaccine is usually recommended every 5 years. Your provider will tell you when to get this vaccine, if needed.

When should I seek immediate care?

• You are urinating less than normal or not at all.
• You have a headache, dizziness, or confusion.
• You have irregular or fast breathing or a fast or pounding heartbeat.
• You suddenly lose weight without trying.

When should I call my doctor?

• You are more tired than usual or weak.
• Your symptoms last for more than 30 days.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

Care Agreement

You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

© Copyright Merative 2023 Information is for End User’s use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes.

Learn more about Infectious Colitis

• Common Side Effects from Antibiotics, and Allergies and Reactions

Treatment options

• Medications for Infectious Gastroenteritis
• Medications for Pseudomembranous Colitis

Care guides

• Acute Diarrhea in Children
• C. Diff (Clostridioides Difficile) Infection
• Chronic Diarrhea
• Enteritis
• Gastroenteritis
• Gastroenteritis in Children
• Giardiasis

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Infectious colitis. What is Infectious Colitis?

IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Infectious colitis is a polyetiological group of inflammatory diseases of the large intestine, which occur as a result of the activation of opportunistic intestinal flora or the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms from the external environment. They are manifested by diarrhea with mucus, sometimes with blood and an unpleasant odor, abdominal pain, symptoms of general intoxication and dehydration. They are diagnosed on the basis of clinical data, stool cultures, and a general blood test. If necessary, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are performed. Treatment of infectious colitis is conservative, including antibiotic therapy, antiparasitic drugs, detoxification, and the fight against dehydration).

ICD-10

A00-A09 Intestinal infections

• Causes
• Pathogenesis
• Classification
• Symptoms of infectious colitis
• Diagnostics
• Treatment of infectious colitis
• Prognosis and prevention
• Prices for treatment

General information

Infectious colitis is an acute (rarely chronic) disease of the large intestine, which is caused by various types of bacteria, protozoa, sometimes parasites and some viruses, accompanied by general intoxication, dehydration; other parts of the gastrointestinal tract are often involved in the process. Widespread: it is believed that there are no people who at least once in their life have not experienced manifestations of acute infectious colitis. The problem becomes more urgent in the warm season.

The disease is more common in countries with a hot climate, in those areas where access to drinking water is difficult, communications are not developed. The most dangerous regions are the countries of Africa, Southeast and Central Asia. Men and women get sick the same way, infectious colitis is diagnosed more often in young children. Treatment is carried out by infectious diseases doctors. Patients may be admitted to the proctology department if the disease is mistaken for non-specific infectious colitis or other diseases of the large intestine.

infectious colitis

Causes

The main cause of infectious colitis is a variety of bacteria. Most often, the disease is caused by shigella (causative agents of dysentery), E. coli, salmonella, clostridium, yersinia, typhoid bacillus, campylobacter, proteus, staphylococcus. Symptoms of infectious colitis are observed with adenovirus, enterovirus infection, sometimes with diseases caused by rotavirus. Amoeba, Giardia, and some other types of parasites can also cause colitis.

Infectious colitis sometimes develops as a complication of tuberculosis or syphilis. In weakened patients with depressed immunity, fungi (Candida, actinomycetes) can cause the disease. Fungal infectious colitis is one of the markers of AIDS, and it also occurs in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or in individuals who have been treated with steroid hormones for a long time. With dysbacteriosis provoked by antibiotic therapy or chemotherapy, infectious colitis can be caused by opportunistic bacteria, such as clostridia.

Pathogenesis

In case of infectious colitis, inflammatory changes occur in the large intestine, motility is disturbed, fluid secretion by endothelial cells increases and reverse absorption of water is disturbed, the intestinal walls become more permeable to various toxins, which cause general intoxication of the body.

Classification

Taking into account morphological changes, the following forms of infectious colitis are distinguished: catarrhal, fibrous, catarrhal-hemorrhagic, phlegmonous, phlegmonous-gangrenous and necrotic. The process can progress quite quickly and move from one form to another, or it can stop at one stage of development. In addition, the form depends on the type of pathogen. Catarrhal forms are characteristic of viral diseases, catarrhal-hemorrhagic is typical for dysentery. Clostridia often cause necrotizing and phlegmonous-gangrenous infectious colitis.

Symptoms of infectious colitis

The clinical manifestations of the disease largely depend on its cause. Common to all forms are an acute or subacute onset, diarrhea with the release of a large amount of mucus, abdominal pain, often spasmodic in nature, fever, deterioration in general well-being, weakness, dry mucous membranes, and a white-coated tongue. If the small intestine is involved in the process (enterocolitis develops), the amount of feces increases, the processes of fluid loss increase and the symptoms of dehydration worsen. If the stomach is also affected (gastroenterocolitis), the disease may begin with vomiting.

In dysentery, the sigmoid colon is more commonly affected. The disease is manifested by diarrhea with a small amount of feces, defecation 3-20 times a day or more. In the feces, mucus and blood are detected, in severe cases, only small mucous clots with streaks of blood (rectal spit) are released during defecation. Patients complain of sharp pains in the abdomen, their body temperature rises to high numbers, symptoms of general intoxication are expressed, sometimes to confusion or loss of consciousness.

Amoebiasis has a similar clinic. This type of infectious colitis develops less acutely, the cecum, ascending colon or the entire large intestine is involved in the process. Stool with a lot of mucus mixed with blood, like raspberry jelly. Symptoms of intoxication are not very pronounced, the disease can become chronic or recurrent.

Infectious colitis caused by Salmonella presents with foul-smelling swamp-colored diarrhea. The feces are liquid, as the small intestine is also affected. Patients develop a fever, severe infectious colitis may be complicated by sepsis and septicemia.

Clostridial pseudomembranous colitis occurs during antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or severe dysbiosis. It is manifested by fever, cramping pains in the abdomen, profuse diarrhea with a putrid odor. Pseudomembranous infectious colitis often recurs, may be complicated by intestinal necrosis.

Diagnostics

Laboratory tests are of primary importance in the diagnosis of infectious colitis. To clarify the etiology of the disease, virological, parasitological bacteriological studies of feces are carried out. Less commonly, blood serum is examined to detect antibodies to a particular pathogen. Blood cultures for sterility may be performed if septic complications are suspected. In a general blood test with bacterial infectious colitis, leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left, an increase in ESR can be detected. With viral colitis, the level of lymphocytes increases, and with parasitic – mainly eosinophils.

Endoscopic studies are of an auxiliary nature, since the picture of morphological changes is not specific, and this type of diagnosis is carried out in order to differentiate from other diseases of the large intestine. Proctologists or infectious disease specialists perform sigmoidoscopy for bacterial dysentery, pseudomembranous infectious colitis. Ultrasound of the abdominal organs is indicated for suspected complications. Differentiate infectious colitis with Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, diverticular disease, dysbiosis. It is also very important to distinguish between different types of infectious colitis, since specific therapy depends on the cause.

Treatment of infectious colitis

For specific treatment, antibiotics are primarily used, preferably by mouth. For dysentery, the drugs of choice are fluoroquinolones or 8-hydroxyquinolones. Salmonellosis or infectious colitis caused by Escherichia coli require the use of III and IV generation cephalosporins acting on gram-negative flora. Pseudomembranous colitis is best treated with metronidazole. In amoebiasis, amoebicides of direct and indirect action (quiniofon, chloroquine), tetracycline antibiotics, metronidazole are used. In fungal infectious colitis, antifungal drugs are prescribed.

An important area of ​​treatment for infectious colitis is rehydration. With a slight and moderate degree of fluid loss, the absence of vomiting, oral saline solutions are used. If the patient’s condition is severe, infusion rehydration and detoxification therapy are carried out. In infectious colitis, it is recommended to take probiotics and enzyme preparations (pancreatin).

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for infectious colitis is quite favorable, since effective methods of etiotropic therapy of this disease are known today. The prognosis worsens in severe forms of infectious colitis caused by clostridia, salmonella, fungi, as well as in debilitated patients with oncopathology, in patients with AIDS. Children are more severely affected by infectious colitis. Of the preventive measures, hygiene is the main one. The purity and shelf life of food products, especially those consumed without heat treatment, as well as the quality of the water consumed, should be carefully monitored.

You can share your medical history, what helped you in the treatment of infectious colitis.

Sources

1. Intestinal infections / Pak S.G. – 2006
2. Intestinal infections / Kharchenko G.A. – 2007
3. Acute intestinal infections Library of the practitioner / Vorotyntseva N.V. Mazankova L.N. – 2001
4. 0005 The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

   Ulcerative colitis (UC) – symptoms, causes, types, diagnosis and prevention and treatment methods in the “SM-Clinic”

   This disease is treated by Gastroenterologist
   , Proctologist

   • What is it?
   • About disease
   • Types of ulcerative colitis
   • Symptoms of ulcerative colitis
   • Causes of ulcerative colitis
   • Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis
   • Expert opinion
   • Treatment of ulcerative colitis
   • Surgical treatment
   • Prevention of ulcerative colitis
   • Rehabilitation
   • Q&A

   About the disease

   Most often, UC occurs in the developed countries of Europe and North America. The prevalence of the disease in Russia is 20-30 cases per 100,000 population. Most often, the pathology occurs in men and women aged 20 to 42 years, as well as in the elderly.

   Two most dangerous periods of development can be distinguished in ulcerative colitis:

   • the first year; at this time, the likelihood of developing life-threatening complications is high;
   • tenth year; at this point, the likelihood of developing malignant neoplasms increases.

   Types of ulcerative colitis

   The European consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis in 2006 identified 3 forms of the disease according to the degree of its prevalence:

   • proctitis – an inflammatory process occurs only in the rectum and is limited by the rectosigmoid angle;
   • left-sided colitis – inflammation reaches the splenic flexure of the colon;
   • widespread colitis is a complete lesion of the large intestine.

   Depending on the severity of the pathology, three degrees are distinguished:

   • mild;
   • medium;
   • heavy.

   Classification of ulcerative colitis according to the nature of development and course:

   • acute: less than six months have passed since the first manifestation of the disease;
   • fulminant (rapidly developing) course;
   • chronic continuous course: with adequate treatment, periods of remission are less than six months;
   • chronic relapsing course: periods of remission last more than six months.

   In the recurrent course of the disease, rarely recurrent (less than once a year) and often recurrent (2 times a year or more) are distinguished. Exacerbations of ulcerative colitis usually occur as a result of malnutrition, stress, or taking certain medications, but they can also occur without an obvious reason.

   Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

   Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is characterized by a cyclic course: periods of remission alternate with exacerbations. During remissions, there are usually no signs of UC, while exacerbations are characterized by various manifestations that vary depending on the location of inflammation and the intensity of the course of the disease.

   The main symptoms of proctitis are:

   • pain in the lower abdomen;
   • bloody discharge from the anus;
   • painful urge to empty the bowels.

   Signs of left-sided ulcerative colitis with damage to the descending colon are:

   • diarrhea with bloody impurities;
   • weight loss;
   • pronounced pain in the left side of the abdomen.

   Widespread ulcerative colitis with total involvement of the large intestine is characterized by:

   • persistent abdominal pain;
   • persistent profuse diarrhea with bleeding.

   In the latter case, the patient’s life is threatened by severe dehydration and blood loss.

   It is also noted that sometimes people with ulcerative colitis may experience non-intestinal symptoms:

   • stomatitis;
   • vascular inflammation;
   • diseases of the joints;
   • dermatological pathologies;
   • diseases of the biliary tract;
   • bone softening or osteoporosis;
   • ocular inflammatory diseases.

   Causes of ulcerative colitis

   At the moment, the causes of the disease remain unclear. It is statistically determined that ulcerative colitis of the intestine is more often diagnosed in people whose relatives had this pathology, and therefore the main cause is considered to be a genetic predisposition. The key to the development of ulcerative colitis is thought to be an imbalance in the immune system. The pathogenic microorganism provokes an immune response, due to which an inflammatory process develops that affects the intestinal mucosa and leads to ulcers and erosions.

   There are several main factors in the development of ulcerative colitis:

   • prolonged use of antibiotics;
   • viral and bacterial infections;
   • hereditary predisposition;
   • congenital and acquired defects of immunity.

   Get advice

   If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

   You can find out more about the disease, prices for treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist by phone:

   +7 (495) 292-39-72

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   Why SM-Clinic?

   1

   Treatment is carried out in accordance with clinical recommendations

   2

   Comprehensive assessment of the nature of the disease and treatment prognosis

   3

   Modern diagnostic equipment and own laboratory

   4

   High level of service and balanced pricing policy

   Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis

   The proctologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of pathology. First of all, the specialist collects complaints and anamnesis, and then examines the patient, including a digital examination of the rectum.

   For further research and differentiation from Crohn’s disease and other diseases of this type, a comprehensive diagnostic examination of the patient is required. The main most important procedures are colonoscopy with intestinal biopsy and sigmoidoscopy. These methods allow you to visually assess the condition of the colon mucosa.

   To clarify the presence of edema, perforations, ulcers and other formations (inflammatory polyps, thickenings, and so on), an X-ray examination may be prescribed.

   In addition to instrumental methods, laboratory diagnostics are performed:

   • total fecal analysis;
   • complete blood count to detect leukocytosis and anemia;
   • fecal analysis to determine the severity of the inflammation process;
   • biochemical blood test to exclude concomitant pathologies;
   • Examine feces for Clostridial toxins A and B to rule out clostridial intestinal infection.

   Expert opinion

   Ulcerative colitis is a dangerous disease that, if left untreated, can cause severe life-threatening consequences. At the same time, there is a high probability that urgent surgical intervention will be required to eliminate them. Complications of NUC can affect not only the intestines, but also many other vital organs.

   Timely medical diagnosis makes it possible to detect the disease even in the remission phase and take it under control. At the same time, the quality of life of the patient will improve significantly, and exacerbations will occur much less frequently. With ulcerative colitis, it is extremely important to diagnose the disease before severe complications appear: persistent diarrhea, bleeding, etc. This will avoid surgical intervention and confine itself to conservative therapy.

   Matyukhin Anatoly Andreevich

   Gastroenterologist, hepatologist, Ph.D.

   Treatment of ulcerative colitis

   Tactics of therapy are selected depending on the degree of intestinal damage and the severity of the course of the disease. If only the rectum is affected, outpatient treatment is sufficient in most cases. With left-sided and widespread colitis, hospitalization is necessary.

   Treatment for ulcerative colitis includes diet, drug therapy, and, if necessary, surgery.

   Conservative treatment

   The main goal of drug therapy is to relieve the symptoms of the disease and stop the development of inflammation and ulceration.

   In ulcerative colitis, a doctor prescribes several groups of drugs:

   • painkillers;
   • antidiarrheals;
   • immunosuppressants;
   • iron preparations for anemia;
   • non-steroidal and hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs.

   Diet plays an important role in the therapy process. The patient is forbidden to eat foods rich in fiber, as well as fried, fatty, spicy, salty and sour foods. At the same time, it is recommended to eat more protein foods.

   During a severe flare-up, a complete refusal to eat may be recommended in order to ease bowel movements. In this case, nutrients are injected into the body intravenously.

   Surgery

   If conservative treatment fails, surgeons excise the affected part of the colon. After that, a reservoir is formed from the area of ​​the small intestine, which takes over the functions of the remote department. With a small lesion, the use of a graft is not necessary.

   Prevention of ulcerative colitis

   Since the causes of ulcerative colitis are not fully understood, the main preventive measure is to maintain a healthy lifestyle:

   • minimization of stressful situations;
   • adherence to a proper diet;
   • smoking cessation and alcohol abuse;
   • maintaining moderate physical activity.

   Rehabilitation

   After the operation, the patient can return to normal life in 2-3 weeks. In the presence of severe complications, full recovery of capacity can take up to four months. After discharge from the hospital, the patient must comply with all the instructions of the attending physician and register with the dispensary. Until the tissues heal, it is necessary to limit physical activity, carrying weights, thermal procedures, and insolation. In order to maintain a normal state of health, it is recommended to undergo annual spa treatment. The diet is for life.

   Question-answer

   In the absence of treatment against the background of UC, severe complications may develop, these include:

   • toxic dilatation (expansion) of the large intestine;
   • profuse intestinal bleeding;
   • perforation of the colon wall;
   • stricture (narrowing) of the intestine;
   • colorectal cancer.

   Ulcerative colitis does not go away on its own. Delay in seeking medical help can lead to life-threatening complications.

   Ishutina IN Therapeutic aspects of nonspecific ulcerative colitis // BMIK. 2015. No. 5.

   Andreeva NA X-ray examination in nonspecific ulcerative colitis // BMIK. 2014. No. 11.

   Stepanov Yu.M., Psareva I. V. Clinical and endoscopic parallels in nonspecific ulcerative colitis // Gastroenterology. 2019. №3.

   Tikhonova TA Objective and subjective approaches in the management of patients with bowel diseases // BMIK. 2014. No. 5.

   Tazhibaeva F.R., Mamasaidov A.T., Zhalalova G.T. New aspects of the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis // Territory of Science. 2016. No. 1.

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   Diseases referred by Gastroenterologist

   Avitaminosis
   Ascariasis
   Atrophic gastritis
   Achalasia
   Balantidiasis
   Crohn’s disease
   Viral hepatitis
   Gastritis
   gastroptosis
   Gastroenteritis
   Gastroenterocolitis
   Helminthiasis
   Liver hemangioma
   Hepatitis A
   Hepatitis B
   Hepatitis D
   Hepatitis E
   Hepatitis C
   Hepatomegaly
   hiatal hernia
   Diarrhea
   diarrhea during pregnancy
   Traveler’s diarrhea
   Intestinal diverticulosis
   Dysbacteriosis
   Dyspepsia
   Benign neoplasms of the esophagus
   Duodenitis
   Jaundice
   Cholelithiasis
   fatty liver disease
   Fatty hepatosis
   Constipation
   Heartburn
   intestinal candidiasis
   liver cyst
   pancreatic cyst
   intestinal colic
   Colitis
   Blood in stool
   Flatulence
   Mechanical jaundice
   food poisoning
   pancreatitis
   Intestinal pneumatosis
   Polyps of the stomach
   Gallbladder polyps
   Intestinal polyps
   Postcholecystectomy syndrome
   Reflux esophagitis (GERD)
   Gilbert’s syndrome
   Spasm of the esophagus
   Toxic hepatitis
   Helicobacteriosis
   Cholangitis
   cholestasis
   Cholecystitis
   Chronic gastritis
   Chronic cholecystitis
   celiac disease
   Cirrhosis of the liver
   Enteritis
   Enterocolitis
   Erosive gastritis
   Esophageal ulcer
   Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

   Diseases referred to Proctologist

   Anal fissure
   anal fringes
   Crohn’s disease
   Pain in the anus
   rectal prolapse
   Haemorrhoids
   Constipation
   warts
   coccygeal passage
   Blood in stool
   paraproctitis
   Proctitis
   Rectovaginal fistula
   Fistula of the rectum
   Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
   Encoprese

   All doctors

   VDNH metro station

   Belorusskaya metro station

   Molodyozhnaya metro station

   Textile workers metro station

   Kurskaya metro station

   Sevastopolskaya metro station 9 0006

   Chertanovskaya metro station

   Krylatskoe metro station

   Voikovskaya metro station

   Staropetrovsky proezd, 7A, building 22

   st.