Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Overview

Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis).

What is pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Conjunctivitis, often called “pink eye,” is an inflammation (redness) of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that lines the inside surface of your eyelid and outer coating of your eye. This tissue helps keep your eyelid and eyeball moist.

Pink eye can occur in one or both eyes. Pink eye that occurs in both eyes tends to be caused by a virus.

How common is pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Pink eye is one of the most common eye infections in children and adults. Between three and six million cases of pink eye occur in the U.S. each year.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Technically, the pink or reddish color of pink eye happens when the blood vessels in the membrane covering your eye (the conjunctiva) becomes inflamed, making them more visible. This inflammation is caused by:

• Viruses. Viruses are the most common cause of pink eye. Coronaviruses, such as the common cold or COVID-19, are among the viruses that can cause pink eye.
• Bacteria. Common types of bacteria that causes bacterial conjunctivitis includes Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Allergens including molds, pollen or other substances that cause allergies.
• Irritating substances, such as shampoos, cosmetics, contact lenses, dirt, smoke and especially pool chlorine.
• Sexually transmitted infections, which could be caused by a virus (herpes simplex) or bacteria (gonorrhea or chlamydia).
• Foreign object in the eye.
• Blocked or incompletely opened tear duct in babies.

Is pink eye (conjunctivitis) contagious? How long am I contagious?

Pink eye that is caused by bacteria or viruses are very easily spread from person to person (contagious). If you get pink eye from bacteria, you can spread pink eye while you have symptoms or until about 24 to 48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. If you get pink eye from a virus, you can spread it for as long as you have symptoms and even before you develop symptoms. This could be for several days. Pink eye caused by an allergy is not contagious.

How is pink eye (conjunctivitis) spread?

Pink eye is spread:

• From transfer of the bacteria or virus during close contact (touching, shaking hands). The germs transfer from the hand of the infected person to your hand then to your eye when you touch your eye.
• By touching surfaces contaminated with the bacteria or virus (from infected individuals who have transferred the germs from their hands to objects), then touching your eyes before washing your hands.
• By using unclean old eye makeup or sharing makeup that has become contaminated with bacteria or viruses.

What are the symptoms of pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Symptoms of pink eye include:

• Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid.
• Increased tearing.
• Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep (in conjunctivitis caused by bacteria).
• Other discharge from your eye (green or white).
• Gritty feeling in one or both eyes.
• Itchy eyes (especially in pink eye caused by allergies).
• Burning eyes (especially in pink eye caused by chemicals and irritants).
• Blurred vision.
• Increased sensitivity to light.
• Swollen eyelids.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is pink eye (conjunctivitis) diagnosed?

Your ophthalmologist or pediatrician will examine you or your child’s eyes. An acuity test (eye chart test) may be done to see if vision has been affected. Diagnosis of pink eye can usually be made based on symptoms and health history. Rarely are other tests ordered. However, if bacteria are thought to be the cause or if the infection is severe, your healthcare provider may send a sample (cotton swab) of the secretions around your eye to a lab to identify the specific organism.

Are there clues to know if pink eye due to an infection is caused by a virus or a bacteria?

Although the symptoms of pink eye can be the same regardless of cause, there are a few signs your healthcare provider considers to help determine if pink eye is a bacterial or viral infection. These are:

• Age of patient: Viruses cause most cases of pink eye in adults. About an equal number of cases of pink eye in children are caused by bacteria and viruses.
• Presence of an ear infection: Ear infections commonly occur together in children who have bacterial conjunctivitis.
• Large amount of discharge from the eye: This is more of a sign of a bacterial infection.
• Color or tint of the whites of eye: Salmon color may be a sign of a viral infection; more reddish color could be a bacterial cause.

Management and Treatment

How is pink eye (conjunctivitis) treated?

Treatment of pink eye depends on its cause.

Pink eye caused by bacteria

If your pink eye is caused by bacteria, you’ll likely be given a prescription for antibiotics (eye drops, ointments or pills). You may find it difficult to apply ointment to your or your child’s eye. Don’t worry. If the ointment gets as far as the eyelashes, it will most likely melt and enter the eye.

The infection should improve within a week. Take the medicine as instructed by your healthcare provider, even if the symptoms go away.

Pink eye caused by viruses

Antibiotics can’t treat pink eye caused by a virus. Just as a cold must run its course, so must this form of pink eye, which will last from four to seven days but can take up to 14 days to fully resolve. In the meantime, apply a cold compress or use artificial tears several times a day to help relieve symptoms.

Pink eye caused by irritating substances

If your eyes are irritated after a substance gets into them, rinse your eyes with a gentle stream of warm water for five minutes. Avoid further exposure to the irritating substances. Your eyes should begin to improve within four hours after rinsing them. If they don’t, call your doctor. If the substance in your eyes is a strong acid or alkaline chemical (such as drain cleaner), rinse your eyes with water and call your doctor immediately.

Pink eye caused by allergies

Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with prescription or over-the-counter eye drops that contain either antihistamines to control allergic reactions or anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids or decongestants. You can relieve symptoms temporarily – by applying a cold compress on closed eyes – or permanently by avoiding the allergens that are causing your symptoms.

Other causes of pink eye

Less commonly, bacteria that causes sexually transmitted infections can cause pink eye. This route of infection occurs from hand-to-eye transmission of genital fluids. If you think you were exposed to a sexually transmitted infection, tell your doctor. Bacterial pink eye is treated with antibiotics; viral pink eye is treated with antiviral medications.

Newborn babies can develop a serious type of conjunctivitis if they are delivered vaginally by women with sexually transmitted infections. The bacteria are picked up by the newborn during the delivery process. The bacteria can cause loss of sight. It’s standard practice in U.S. hospitals is to apply an antibiotic ointment to the eyes of every newborn to help prevent this eye infection.

Autoimmune conditions — diseases in which your own immune system overreacts — are also a rare cause of pink eye. If you have a family history or other reason to suspect an autoimmune disease, discuss this with your doctor.

Can pink eye (conjunctivitis) clear on its own without treatment?

Mild cases of pink eye usually don’t require treatment and clear on their own within a few days (for bacterial infections) to about 14 days (for viral infections). The relief methods listed in a question below can provide comfort. Pink eye caused by a virus don’t require treatment unless it’s caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox/shingles) or sexually transmitted diseases. In these cases, an antiviral medication may be prescribed. Antibiotics for pink eye caused by bacteria reduce the length of your symptoms and the amount of time you are contagious.

Prevention

How can I prevent spreading the pink eye (conjunctivitis) infection?

If you or your child has bacterial or viral pink eye, your healthcare provider may recommend staying home from work, school or daycare until you are no longer contagious. Check with your doctor to find out how long that may be. Typically, you’re less likely to spread the infection if you’ve been on antibiotics for 24 hours or no longer have symptoms.

Following good general hygiene and eye care practices can also help prevent the spread of pink eye. These practices include:

• Don’t touch or rub the infected eye(s).
• Wash your hands often with soap and water.
• Wash any discharge from your eyes twice a day using a fresh cotton ball. Afterwards, discard the cotton ball and wash your hands with soap and warm water.
• Wash your hands after applying eye drops or ointment to your eye or your child’s eye.
• Don’t share personal items such as makeup, contact lenses, towels or cups.

What can I do to help relieve symptoms of pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Since many cases of pink eye are mild, you can often get by with relieving symptoms at home until the condition passes. Applying nonprescription “artificial tears” eye drops may help relieve itching and burning from irritating substances.

Note: Other types of eye drops may irritate the eyes, so don’t use them. Avoid eye drops that have medication to “get the red out.” Also, do not use the same bottle of drops in the other eye if it is not infected.

Other measures to take to relieve the symptoms of pink eye (conjunctivitis) include:

• Stop wearing your contact lenses until your symptoms go away.
• Place cool compresses on your eyes (or warm if it feels better) and do not share washcloths or towels with others.
• Wash your face and eyelids with mild soap or baby shampoo and rinse with water to remove irritating substances.

Outlook / Prognosis

What should I expect if I have a diagnosis of pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

Pink eye is highly contagious if it is caused by a bacterial or viral infection. The good news is that it is not usually a serious condition. You or your child can return to daycare, school or work as soon as the infection goes away, which might be a few days to one to two weeks depending if your case is mild or more severe. If pink eye is caused by allergies, it is not contagious and you can return to normal activities at any time.

Most cases of mild to moderate pink eye clear on their own without treatment. Treatment is often needed if pink eye is severe and can shorten the amount of time you feel symptoms and can spread the condition to others.

Living With

When should I call my healthcare provider if I or my child has pink eye?

Call your healthcare provider or seek medical care right away if you experience:

• An increase in sensitivity to light, especially if it’s severe.
• Blurred vision or decrease in vision.
• Eye pain.
• Feeling like there is something stuck in your eye.
• Large amount of discharge from eyes.
• Worsening symptoms.

Herpes, one of many possible causes of pink eye, is a serious infection. If not treated, vision loss and scarring of the eye are possible.

Most cases of pink eye are not associated with worrisome effects. However, these symptoms can be a sign of a serious problem, such as an ulcer, which can result in permanent vision loss. Never hesitate to call your healthcare provider if you have any concerns. It’s always better to be safe than sorry.

Can pink eye (conjunctivitis) come back?

Pink eye can reoccur, especially if you have allergy-related pink eye. Every time you’re in contact with the allergen (a substance that triggers allergies), your eyes may react.

If you have bacterial or viral pink eye, you can also accidentally re-infect yourself. To avoid coming down with another case of contagious pink eye, consider the following measures:

• Wash your bed linens, pillowcases, towels and washcloths in hot water and detergent. Change frequently.
• Avoid wearing eye makeup until the infection goes away. Throw out old eye makeup and any makeup used just before the start of the infection.
• Wear glasses instead of contact lenses. Clean your glasses often.
• Throw away disposable lenses. Thoroughly clean extended wear lenses and all eyewear cases. Use only sterile contact solution. Wash your hands before inserting or removing lenses.
• If you’ve used eye drops for an infected eye, don’t use the same eye drops in a non-infected eye.

When can I return to daycare, school or work if I have pink eye (conjunctivitis)?

You can usually go back to daycare, school or work as soon as your symptoms go away. Generally this might be as soon as 24 hours after antibiotic treatment of bacterial infection and between two days and seven days after viral infection. You or your child’s eye should be clear of yellowish discharge or any crusting on eyelashes or in the corners of the eyes. Eyes should also be cleared of the pink color. Be sure to check with your healthcare provider and facilities about when it is safe to return or for any special “return to” requirements. If your pink eye was caused by an allergy, you do not need to stay home.

What’s the difference between pink eye (conjunctivitis) and a stye?

Both pink eye and a stye share some common symptoms, including redness, sensitivity to light and crusting along the eyelids. However, these two conditions are different and have different causes.

A stye is a red, painful bump that forms either on or inside the eyelid near the edge of the eyelashes. Pink eye is an inflammation of the lining of the inside surface of the eyelid and outer coating of the eye. Pink eye doesn’t cause bumps in your eyelid or around your eye.

Styes are caused by an infection in the oil glands on your eyelid. Pink eye is caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens and other causes different than what causes styes.

Final thoughts. . .

Pink eye usually isn’t serious and the good news is it’s highly treatable and preventable. Unless your case of pink is severe, pink eye can heal on its own without treatment. Treatment of bacterial or viral pink eye, however, can shorten the amount of time you or your child will have symptoms and are contagious. While healing, you can apply a cool (or warm) compress to relieve discomfort. The best thing you can do is take the necessary steps to avoid spreading pink eye to others or getting a repeat case of it. If you have any questions or concerns, always call your healthcare provider.

Chronic Conjunctivitis | Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute

The conjunctiva is the thin, transparent membrane lining that covers the outer surface of the eye. The conjunctiva is nourished by tiny blood vessels that are nearly invisible to the naked eye. The conjunctiva also secretes mucus that moistens and lubricates the eye. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis that persists for four or more weeks is considered chronic.

Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus species (a distinct type of bacteria), but other bacteria can also be involved. This type of conjunctivitis is often associated with blepharitis. Symptoms can include redness of the conjunctiva, burning, frequent styes, foreign body sensation and morning eyelash crusting or eyelash loss.

Another type of chronic conjunctivitis is meibomitis. This is a chronic conjunctivitis caused by inflammation of the meibomian oil glands that line the posterior lid margin behind the eyelashes. These glands malfunction when inflamed, leading to chronic inflammation of the lid margins and the conjunctiva as well as dry eyes. Meibomitis and blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid) are also often associated with the skin disorder acne rosacea.

Trachoma infection of the eyes can also cause chronic conjunctivitis and can lead to chronic keratoconjunctivitis. Trachoma infection is the most common cause of preventable blindness in the world. It is uncommon in North America, but patients from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East with this condition may experience scarring of the ocular surface and eyelids, leading to decreased vision.

Diagnosis:

Chronic conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of microorganisms and environmental factors. Careful diagnosis is crucial for the efficacy of the treatment. Conjunctival culture or biopsy may be required for precise diagnosis.

Treatment might include antibiotics, artificial tears and other topical medications. Sometimes oral antibiotics may be needed. Chronic conjunctivitis is treated by the Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic

Red, Irritated, Watering Eyes? Chances Are You’ve Got Pink Eye

Is Pink Eye Contagious?

Did you wake up with a bloodshot eye with your eyelids stuck together? You might have pink eye.

• Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is highly contagious if it is caused by a bacterial or viral infection (infectious conjunctivitis).
• Infectious conjunctivitis is more common in children than in adults as bacteria and viruses are easily spread among children when they play. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is NOT always required because the condition is self-limited and usually clears up on its own. However, if you wear contact lenses, you will probably receive an antibiotic treatment.
• Pink eye generally remains contagious from when the symptoms first appear, while the eye is watering and producing a discharge, and for about two weeks, as long as the eyes are red.
• Due to contagiousness, 24 hours of treatment and clearing of drainage is usually recommended before returning to school or work. Ask your doctor specifically when you or your child can return to outside activities.

Pink eye that is caused by irritants, allergens or environmental factors is not contagious.

How Did I Get Pink Eye?

Not sure how you got this? Viral and bacterial forms of conjunctivitis can be spread easily from person to person by coughing or sneezing. Bacteria or viruses can get in your eyes through contact with contaminated objects including dirty hands, towels and cosmetics.

Newborn babies may develop neonatal conjunctivitis due to exposure to bacteria as they pass through the birth canal. The sexually transmitted diseases of gonorrhea, herpes and chlamydia can also cause conjunctivitis in newborns during birth. Young babies may also get conjunctivitis because tear ducts do not properly form until they are about 6 months old.

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to allergens such as pollen or dust mites. Irritant conjunctivitis is caused by the eye coming into contact with substances that irritate the conjunctiva such as chlorinated water, shampoo or a foreign body in the eye.

What Are the Symptoms of Pink Eye?

Symptoms of pink eye will depend on the cause.

Common symptoms include:

• a red and bloodshot teary eye
• a gritty or irritated feeling in the eye, especially when you rub it
• a discharge which can form a crust on the eyelid overnight
• excessive tearing, burning, itching and sensitivity to light.

What Are the Symptoms of Infectious Pink Eye?

After becoming infected, eye symptoms usually develop within 24 to 72 hours. The white part of the eye will feel red and gritty and this is followed by a discharge.

A bacterial infection usually occurs in both eyes and produces more discharge. Typically the discharge is thick and green or yellow in color and causes your eyelids to stick together in the morning. Your lymph nodes in front of the ears may be enlarged.

A viral infection usually only occurs in one eye with less mucous discharge, but may be more watery and not colored. Viral conjunctivitis often accompanies other symptoms such as a sore throat and nasal congestion. The eyelids may be swollen and sensitive to bright light. The eyes do not usually itch. Symptoms usually resolve in 1 to 2 weeks.

Other Forms of Conjunctivitis

If you have allergic conjunctivitis (caused by pollen, cosmetics or other substances) your eye will be red, teary and very itchy but there will be no colored discharge. Usually both eyes are affected.

Symptoms are usually seasonal, like in the spring, summer or fall, and accompanied by other typical allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itchy nose, and scratchy throat.

Irritant or environmental conjunctivitis symptoms include pain, sensitivity to bright lights, watering and blurred vision.

How is Pink Eye Treated?

The type of treatment you will receive for pink eye will depend on the cause. You might receive no treatment, an antibiotic or antihistamine eye drop, or simple lubricants. Corticosteroid eye drops (alone or combined with antibiotics) are not usually used to treat acute conjunctivitis and can be linked with serious side effects.

If you think you have pink eye you should see your doctor, especially if there is a pain inside your eye, your vision is blurred or if your eyes hurt in the light.

Babies with pink eye should be taken to the doctor because they are prone to developing bacterial conjunctivitis which can be serious and is highly contagious.

Contact lens wearers should remove lenses until they seek advice from a healthcare provider. People who wear contacts have a higher chance of developing a more serious condition that could lead to permanent eye damage.

Treatment for Infectious Pink Eye

Your doctor will prescribe antibiotic eye drops or eye ointment, if needed, if you are diagnosed with pink eye caused by bacteria. Mild bacterial conjunctivitis may improve in 2 to 5 days without antibiotic treatment but can take 2 weeks to go away completely.

Commonly used antibiotics include:

Eye drops may need to be used frequently during the day and an eye ointment is often used at night or every four to six hours during the day. Azithromycin drops are instilled twice a day for the first 2 days, then once a day through day 7.

The quinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin may be preferred in contact lens wearers to target common Pseudomonas infections.

Viral conjunctivitis is usually treated with antihistamine / decongestant drops if needed.

Using Eye Drops Safely

How to use eye drops?

• First, wash your hands.
• Then allow the bottle of eye drops to warm in your hands. This is particularly important if the eye drops have come straight from the fridge and helps to avoid the shock of cold drops touching the eye.
• Wash away any discharge from the eyelids with warm water. Tip your head back or lie on a flat surface and then gently pull your lower eyelid down.
• Position the bottle so the drop will fall directly into the lower lid pocket. Squeeze the bottle for the required number of drops. Close your eye and blink to spread the drops.
• Gently pressing the inner corner of your eye can stop bad tasting medication from dripping back into your throat.
• If you use more than one kind of drop, wait 10 to 15 minutes before you use the second one.

Using Eye Ointments

• Wash your hands first and wash away any discharge from the eyelids with warm water. If you are using both an eye drop and eye ointment, instill the eye drops first.
• Hold the tube in your warm hand to soften the ointment. Do not let the tip of the tube touch anything, including your eyes, fingers or counter.
• Gently pull down your lower eye lid and position the nozzle at the inner part of your eye near your nose.
• Squeeze a ribbon of ointment into your lower eyelid and move towards the outer edge of your eye. Use the amount your doctor tells you to use.
• Give the tube a half turn as this helps to cut the ribbon of ointment. When done, wahs your hands again.
• Your vision may be cloudy at first. Use a clean tissue to wipe away excess ointment that is around your eye(s).

Treatment for Seasonal Allergic or Irritant Pink Eye

Conjunctivitis that is not infectious can also be treated, but not with antibiotics.

If you are diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis the best treatment is to avoid the allergen. An application of a cold moist towel to the eyes and lubricating eye drops may help also. Your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine or decongestant eye drop to help relieve itching and redness. Eye make-up is best avoided to avoid further irritation.

Antihistamine examples include:

Allergic conjunctivitis may also respond to prescription ophthalmic antihistamines, such as:

• Bepreve (bepotastine ophthalmic)
• Lastacaft (alcaftadine ophthalmic)
• Patanol (olopatadine ophthalmic): also Pataday and Pazeo
• Zerviate (cetirizine hydrochloride).
• Lotemax: a prescription steroid eye drop may be prescribed in more severe cases.

Ophthalmic mast cell stabilizers include:

Irritant pink eye requires prompt flushing with water and inspection for any damage to the eye. If vision is impaired or you have pain, go to the emergency room or see an ophthalmologist for further evaluation.

Stop the Spread: Pink Eye in Children

If your child is diagnosed with pink eye here are a few tips to stop the spread and protect family members and friends.

• Keep the eyes clear of discharge by washing the eyes gently with warm water.
• Use a soft cloth or swab and use it only once. If only one eye is infected be very careful to use a clean cloth for each eye to avoid contamination. Wash the cloth in hot water immediately after use to limit spread of bacteria.
• Try to stop your child rubbing their eyes and make sure both your hands and your child’s stay clean.
• Make sure your child is not sharing wash cloths or towels and keep toys that are held close to the face wiped or washed.
• Change pillowcases frequently.
• Finally, keep your child away from school or daycare while their eyes are inflamed or producing a discharge.

Self-Help and Prevention

You can help to prevent infectious conjunctivitis. Maintaining good personal hygiene will help prevent the spread of infectious pink eye. This means:

• Washing your hands frequently
• Having your own washcloth and towel and do not share
• Using only your pillow and regularly change pillow cases.
• Renewing your mascara and other eye make-up frequently is also recommended, and don’t share eye make-up. Take off eye make-up before bed.
• Keeping your hands away from your eyes.

To prevent conjunctivitis in newborns babies, all pregnant women should be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia infections, and treated if needed. As another preventive measure, newborns routinely are treated at birth with an antibiotic eye drop like erythromycin.

Stay up-to-date with the latest news and medication approvals for conjunctivitis and share your stories on the Drugs.com Conjunctivitis Support Group.

Finished: Red, Irritated, Watering Eyes? Chances Are You’ve Got Pink Eye

Overview, Clinical Evaluation, Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Author

Michael A Silverman, MD, FACEP Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Hospital Center; Instructor of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Chief of Emergency Medicine, Harbor Hospital; Attending Emergency Physician, Harbor Hospital, St Agnes Healthcare, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center

Michael A Silverman, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Edward Bessman, MD, MBA Chairman and Clinical Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Edward Bessman, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Chief Editor

Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP Program Director, Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery

Barry E Brenner, MD, PhD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Thoracic Society, New York Academy of Medicine, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

William K Chiang, MD Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Chief of Service, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center

William K Chiang, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

How to Heal Pink Eye in Horses

Horses are known for their big, beautiful eyes. Shiny, soulful, each pair unique to the horse in question. Looking into your horse’s eyes is how you connect with them, how you get to know your animal and their one-of-a-kind personality.

So what do you do when those windows to the soul aren’t looking so bright and healthy? 

Pink eye in horses isn’t so different from pink eye in humans. You may remember the ailment running rampant in your elementary school classroom, where kids aren’t the most careful about washing their hands and touching their eyes.  

But how do horses get pink eye? And how do you get rid of this eye problem? 

Read on to learn more about healing your horse’s bacterial infection. 

What is Pink Eye in Horses?

The conjunctiva is the sensitive pink lining of the eyelids that covers the sclera, prevents microbes from entering the eye, and lubricates the eye with mucus and tears.¹ Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, appears when the conjunctiva becomes irritated and inflamed. 

If your horse has equine conjunctivitis, it means bacteria has been rubbed into their eyes. This was likely due to your fidgeting filly scratching their eye with their knee due to wind, dust, or flies.

What Causes Pink Eye in Horses?

Horses can be a lot like little kids: silly, playful, but with the tendency to get constant colds and infections. Your horse may be a fearsome beast of 1,000 pounds, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t also delicate and prone to illness like a bacterial infection.

Just like how horse scratches and scrapes are quite common, pink eye can have multiple causes. Some of these causes include:

• Wind and dust
• Allergens like pollen
• Face flies and other bugs
• Chemical irritants
• Deformities of the eyelid
• Eyelid wounds
• Parasites, such as habronema
• Tumors
• Heat and dry air
• Lack of tear production
• Viral or bacterial infections
• Trauma to the eye

While conjunctivitis in horses is not airborne, it is contagious. If your filly is feeling under the weather, keep them isolated from other horses to prevent contact infection. 

How to Identify Conjunctivitis

Pink eye is obvious in humans, with our large white scleras: our eyes literally turn pink. It’s harder to spot in your horse when their beautiful dark irises take up most of the visible eye. 

However, there are signs to look out for when concerned about equine conjunctivitis in your horse. Double check if your pony has:

• Overly weepy eyes
• The urge to shake their head often
• The tendency to scratch their face on their knees or other objects
• Eyelids that are squinting, irritated, swollen, or totally closed
• Discharge which can be clear, yellow, or mucusy
• Redness around the rims of the eye
• A sensitivity to dust
• An aversion to bright light

Any of these symptoms, especially when prolonged, can point to pink eye.²

Need to take a closer look to confirm redness and irritation? Keep in mind that if your horse is in pain, they won’t be thrilled about anyone poking around their face. But if you can get to the affected eye, try to get a closer look.

You can use your thumb and forefinger from one hand to gently spread the eyelids apart and better see signs of concern. If you see anything wrong with the horse eyeball itself, aside from irritated lids, call a veterinarian as soon as possible. A cloudy eyeball may be a sign of a more serious ailment. 

Shorten Your Horse’s Pink Eye Recovery Time

It’s a terrible feeling when your horse is uncomfortable. You sympathize with your four-legged companion. When they’re in pain, it’s easy to feel helpless. 

Thankfully, you can take an active role in your horse’s recovery. Most cases of pink eye are mild but some can progress and need veterinary attention. With the right treatment, infections can clear up within a few days of onset. To help address pink eye symptoms and get your horse cleared up fast, use  Vetericyn Plus® Antimicrobial Eye Wash to clean and flush away debris.   Our Antimicrobial Ophthalmic Gel can also be used to provide relief and reduce symptoms. Just be sure to keep the area clean and flushed regularly. 

Vetericyn’s eye wash is a soothing solution to your pet’s eye problems. And its uses extend beyond pink eye, including:

• Flushing and cleaning the eyes
• Cleaning tear stains on eyes or cheeks
• Bringing relief to itchy, irritated eyes
• Soothing eyes suffering from allergies
• Cleaning discharge in and around eyes

What Will Treatment Look Like?

If you suspect your horse has pink eye, it’s still important to call a veterinarian. By doing so, you’ll be able to rule out other, more serious eye diseases. Once your vet confirms a diagnosis of conjunctivitis, they will likely prescribe your horse topical antibiotic cream, eye drops, or ointment to banish all signs of infection. In between applications, be sure to administer Vetericyn’s eye wash twice a day to keep the eye clean and clear during treatment.

If your vet prescribed antibiotics, be sure to run the entire treatment course, even if things seem to return to normal. Antibiotics work to eliminate the disease over time, and stopping them prematurely can result in some of the bacteria surviving and re-spreading. In turn, this can cause more damage to the eye. 

Over-the-counter eye drops do not cure pink eye alone. However, they can be beneficial as a supporting element to antibiotics. With frequent eye flushing and proper care, your horse may experience significant improvement in just a few days. 

How to Apply Eye Drops

Applying eye drops in our own eyes makes many of us flinch and twitch. To a horse who’s experiencing discomfort, anything going near their eye is a big red flag. To that end, you’ll need a strategy to apply eye drops.

The first tip is to always move slowly. To make applying eye drops easier, you’ll want to spend plenty of time interacting with your horse’s face, gently petting them and reassuring them. If you do this when they’re healthy, your horse will naturally be more at ease with this process.

If you can feel your horse’s hesitancy, rub the areas around both eyes. Give your horse treats when they allow you to get close.³

The easiest place to apply eye drops is the inner corner of the eye.⁴ Stand to the side of your horse’s head and move slowly while you work. If you need to, grab a helping hand to steady your steed.

If you’re applying ointment, or having a hard time with the corner of the eye, it may help to slide your hand under the cheek piece of your horse’s halter. That way, when their head moves, your hand is less likely to bump their eye. 

With your other hand, gently pull down your horse’s lower eyelid with your thumb and apply a line of ointment. Your horse will blink the medication into place, and you’re good to go.

Preventing Future Outbreaks

Has your horse had pink eye more than once? Does it seem like a never-ending series of eye irritation, inflammation, and infections? If so, then you need to switch your eye care from defense to offense by preventing them from arising in the first place. It is also important to regularly bathe your horse and keep them out of the wind if possible. Debris and dust can easily get into the eye and start the problem. 

Here are three important preventative measures you can take to reduce the chances of your horse developing conjunctivitis again. 

#1: Utilize Antimicrobial Eye Wash & Ophthalmic Gel

If your horse tends to develop pink eye, it may be time to begin incorporating an eye wash and ophthalmic gel into your routine. That way, whether you have a particularly dusty ride, or the flies this summer are driving your horse crazy, you’ll be able to nip their pink eye in the bud. 

When you see the warning signs of irritation—like your horse scratching or weeping—break out the antimicrobial eye wash and give your horse’s eyes a refreshing rinse. After using the rinse, apply the ophthalmic gel 2-3 times a day until the condition is no longer visible. They’ll be seeing clearly in no time, crust, dust, and pink-eye free.  

It may even become a ritual they become comfortable with. Should pink eye ever occur, applying antibiotics will be even easier.

#2: Protect Your Horse With a Fly Mask

It’s difficult to pinpoint what exactly is causing conjunctivitis. But one of the most common culprits is flies, and the bacteria they carry with them when they land on your horse’s face and eyes. 

To prevent an eye infection, fit your horse with a fly mask.⁵ This will protect them from any pesky bugs as well as kicked-up dirt and dust. 

#3: Keep Their Stall Clean and Breezy

A clean stall means a happy horse. That goes double when your pony is prone to pink eye. Clear out manure and trampled hay, and replace still water as often as you can to prevent bacteria from building up. It also helps to keep a fan in the stall to blow away bugs and pollen. 

Vetericyn: Clear Eyes, Happy Horse

An eye infection can be scary for both you and your horse. Luckily, Vetericyn is here to keep your horse’s vision sharp and ready to ride. Vetericyn Plus Antimicrobial Eye Wash and Vetericyn Plus® Antimicrobial Ophthalmic Gel are both an absolute must to keep in your stable. 

Say goodbye to eye irritation, inflammation, and grime. Say hello to refreshed, beautiful eyes.

Sources:

1. NCBI. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Eye Conjunctiva. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519502/ 
2. Equus Magazine. Eyeballing Conjunctivitis in Horses. https://equusmagazine.com/diseases/eyeballing-conjunctivitis-in-horses-8476
3. Horse Nation. Right in the Eye: Tricks for Applying Eye Ointment. https://www.horsenation.com/2018/07/31/right-in-the-eye-tricks-for-applying-eye-ointment/
4. Horse and Hound. Conjunctivitis: Cause and Treatment. https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-care/vet-advice/conjunctivitis-cause-and-treatment-308522
5. Kauffman’s. Horse Conjunctivitis Treatment. https://ka-hi. com/blog/animal-health/horse-conjunctivitis-treatment/#:~:text=Treating%20pink%20eye%20in%20horses,one%20cup%20of%20lukewarm%20water.

Tobramycin eye drops and tobramycin side effects

Clinical author’s note Michael Stewart 30/02/2018: Tobravisc® eye drops were discontinued in the UK in April 2017. At the time of review there are no branded or generic eye drop products solely containing tobramycin available in the UK. Tobramycin is still available in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of eye infections following cataract surgery (Tobradex®). Tobramycin eye drops may still be available in other countries. This Medicine Leaflet only covers the use of tobramycin in the treatment of eye infections and is based on medical information available in the UK at the time of writing. It is left here for reference purposes only. Please also refer to the manufacturer’s information supplied with your medicine.

About tobramycin for eye infections

Tobramycin eye drops are prescribed to treat bacterial eye infections. They work by helping to kill the germs (bacteria) which are causing the infection.

Eye infections are a common cause of conjunctivitis. In conjunctivitis, your eye becomes inflamed, feels gritty, and may water more than usual. The white of your eye may look red, and your eyelids may become swollen and stuck together with a discharge when you wake up in the morning. Only one eye may be infected to begin with, but it often spreads to both eyes. Although infective conjunctivitis may clear without treatment, for more severe infections or for infections which do not clear on their own, antibiotic eye drops like tobramycin are helpful.

Tobramycin is also available combined with a medicine called dexamethasone in eye drops called Tobradex®. This combination brand helps to prevent infection and reduces inflammation after eye cataract surgery.

Before using tobramycin eye drops

Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions, and sometimes a medicine may only be used if extra care is taken. For these reasons, before you start using tobramycin eye drops it is important that your doctor knows:

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to an antibiotic, or to any eye drops.
• If you are taking or using any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, such as herbal and complementary medicines.

How to use tobramycin eye drops

1. Wash your hands before you use the drops.
2. Remove the cap from the bottle.
3. Tilt your head back a little and pull the lower lid of your eye downwards to form a pocket.
4. Hold the bottle upside down near to your eye. Try not to touch your eye as you do this.
5. Gently press on the base of the bottle to release one drop into your eye. Only use a second drop if the first drop missed going into your eye.
6. Close your eye for a minute or two, and press gently on the side of your nose where the corner of your eye meets your nose. This helps to stop the drop from draining away and keeps it in your eye.
7. Repeat the process in your other eye if you have been told to use the drops in both eyes.
8. Replace the cap.

Getting the most from your treatment

• Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer’s printed information leaflet from the pack. It will give you more information about the drops and will provide you with a full list of any side-effects which you may experience from using them.
• If your eyes have an obvious discharge or ‘crust’, it can help if you bathe them with cool clean water before using tobramycin drops.
• Use the drops twice a day – in the morning and in the evening. (If your infection is particularly severe, your doctor may ask you to use the drops four times on the first day.) Try not to miss any doses, but if you do forget to put the drops in on time, do it as soon as you remember.
• You should continue to use the drops for seven days unless your doctor has told you otherwise. If your infection is no better after this time, make another appointment to see your doctor for advice.
• When you first put the drops into your eye, they may cause blurred vision. This should quickly clear, but make sure you can see clearly before you drive and before you use machines or tools.
• Take care to avoid spreading the infection from one eye to the other, and to other members of your family. Washing your hands regularly (particularly after touching your eyes) and not sharing towels or pillows will help to prevent the infection from spreading.
• If the tip of the bottle touches your eye(s) when putting the drops in, it is a good idea to squeeze out two or three drops straightaway on to some tissue and rinse the tip with salt water.
• Eye infections can cause your eyes to become more sensitive to sunlight than usual. Wearing sunglasses may help to prevent this.
• If you are using any other eye drops, leave 5-10 minutes between applying each preparation. This is to prevent more liquid going into your eye than it can handle. Otherwise the drops will overflow from your eye and not have the intended effect.
• If your symptoms become worse despite using tobramycin, you should arrange to see your doctor for advice straightaway. In particular, see your doctor again if your eye becomes painful, if light starts to hurt your eyes, or if your sight is affected.
• Do not wear contact lenses until your symptoms have completely gone. Wait for 24 hours after the last dose of eye drops before using your lenses again.

Can tobramycin eye drops cause problems?

Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with tobramycin eye drops. You will find a full list in the manufacturer’s information leaflet supplied with the drops. Speak with your doctor if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

If you experience any other symptoms which you think may be due to the eye drops, speak with your doctor or pharmacist for further advice.

How to store tobramycin eye drops

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.
• Throw away the bottle of eye drops after you have finished the course of treatment, even if there is some liquid left. Never keep opened bottles of eye drops to use later.

Important information about all medicines

Pink Eye in Cattle

Pink Eye in Cattle

Return to Crops and Livestock Agent Articles

For one reason or another, pink eye has been worse in local cow herds this year (2016). I’ve had multiple producers say they were battling more cases of pink eye than they have in years. Our K-State Research and Extension beef veterinarian, A.J. Tarpoff, has some tips to help minimize the effects of this disease in cattle.  

Weaned calves may lose up to 10 percent of their body weight as a result of the disease, according to Victoria Agriculture (Australia). The disease may lead to blindness and possibly even death due to starvation, thirst and accidents due to loss of sight.

Pink eye causes
Pink eye is caused by several factors working together, Tarpoff said. The main cause is the ever-changing bacteria, moraxella bovis. Many subtypes of that bacteria can be found even within one infected animal, which contributes to difficulty in treating it.

Other factors include UV light, which irritates the eye, tall foliage such as grass or weeds which can scratch the eye, and dust which acts as a direct irritant. 

“Flies work to cause pink eye in two different ways,” Tarpoff said. “First, they can irritate the eyes directly by flying around and irritating the cornea. Secondly, flies directly feed on the secretions from the eye. Once they feed off of those secretions, they pick up the bacteria and take it over to another animal and infect that animal, too.”

Detection and treatment
Tarpoff suggests producers think of early detection as if they themselves were poked in the eye and had the associated side effects. An infected animal will often show the same symptoms: discomfort, tears, straining to open the eye, and possibly the eye staying shut.

One guaranteed sign is increased tearing, he said. Often dirt will get attached to the tear stains. This is especially visible in light colored cattle.

There is no set time period from once the disease is evident until it is a threat to the health of the eye.

“As the disease progresses it develops an ulcer typically in the center of the eye,” Tarpoff said. “Either one or two things happen — it starts to heal or it builds up pressure on the inside of the eye from the inflammation and possibly ruptures.”

“The biggest treatment option I recommend is to work with your veterinarian as they are familiar with what is happening in the area as well as what is and is not working,” he said. “Working with your veterinarian also gives producers a chance to establish a veterinarian-client patient relationship, which is extremely important when treating animals with antibiotics.”

“The mainstay treatment that has been used for years is injectable oxytetracycline,” Tarpoff said. “It still has a very good level of effectiveness however, by working through a veterinarian he or she may be able to take samples if a producer is experiencing a large outbreak. There may be different bugs in the eye that may need a different type of treatment.”

He also recommends gluing a patch over the infected eye. This minimizes solar radiation exposure and other irritants so the eye is more comfortable. In addition, it covers secretions from the eye so that flies cannot transmit the bacteria to other animals.

The length of recovery time generally comes down to the severity of the infection and individual variability. If the animal is immunocompromised for any reason, it won’t respond like it should regardless of antibiotic use. If the animal is otherwise healthy, it should respond well to early treatment.

Preventative care
A preventative herd health program through a veterinarian aids producers in keeping optimal herd health, Tarpoff said. A proper vaccination program manages viruses such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, commonly known as IBR, and bovine viral diarrhea, or BVD, that can affect the severity of pink eye.

“There are several options for vaccines to control pinkeye,” the veterinarian said. “Some issues with vaccines are they are given too close to when the animal becomes infected. It takes two doses and several weeks to build immunity.”

Moraxella bovis has many types and sub types, which also presents challenges. Vaccines only have certain strains and are not all cross protective. In some cases they are very helpful but if given too late in the year or if a vaccine is for a different strain, it will not work.

Proper nutrition assists in preventing pinkeye. Assuring an animal has all of the essentials to perform well helps to keep its immune system functioning. 

Fly control is also essential, Tarpoff said, since flies spread the disease rapidly. Effective fly control plans may include insecticide sprays, special ear tags, or cattle rubs.

Environmental controls to prevent the spread of pink eye include cleaning areas where flies reproduce such as in stagnant pools of water and areas where manure builds up.

Clipping pastures may also help. When cattle graze in tall forages they may scrape their eyes and get the disease. Trimming grasses reduces a physical irritant to the eye. It’s also helpful for cattle to have shade from the UV radiation found in direct sunlight.  

90,000 Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) – Southern Nevada Medical District

What are the most common causes of conjunctivitis in childhood?

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy.

Often referred to as “pink eye”, it is the most common acute eye disease seen by primary care pediatricians and family doctors.

What are the features of allergic conjunctivitis?

Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by:

• Redness and itching around the eyes
• Tears (transparent tears)
• Eyelid cover
• Photosensitivity

The disease is often recurrent and seasonal.

Children with allergic conjunctivitis often have a history of other atopic diseases, in particular:

• Allergic rhinitis
• Eczema
• suffocation

What are the features of infectious conjunctivitis?

Infectious conjunctivitis can be bacterial or viral. Bacterial conjunctivitis is twice as common as viral conjunctivitis.

• Usually with bacterial conjunctivitis, the eye is red, there is purulent (purulent) discharge, the affected child is often a preschooler, and there may be a concomitant ear infection.
• Viral conjunctivitis, which usually occurs in older school children, is often associated with an upper respiratory infection, cold and / or sore throat. Symptoms include watery discharge and alternating itching in one eye, but can easily spread to the other.

What microorganisms commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis?

The most common bacterial microorganisms causing conjunctivitis are Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae .

• Haemophilus influenzae Conjunctivitis occurs in 40-50 percent of cases and is more likely to be associated with a concomitant ear infection than other organisms.
• Pneumococcus accounts for about 10 percent of cases and other organisms ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides and Moraxella catarrhalis ) make up the remainder.

What is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis?

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis and can account for up to 20 percent of infectious conjunctivitis.

Outbreaks of adenoviral conjunctivitis have been associated with contamination of equipment in ophthalmology clinics and swimming pools.

Why is it necessary to distinguish viral from bacterial conjunctivitis?

Viral and other non-suppurative forms of conjunctivitis do not require antibiotic treatment. Often these children are mistakenly treated for extended periods of time with both topical and systemic antibiotics with persistent red eye.

In some cases, the topical antibiotic alone can cause an allergic reaction resulting in persistent red eye.

What treatment to choose for acute bacterial conjunctivitis?

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a disease that goes away on its own. However, antibiotic treatment is recommended as it significantly speeds healing and destroys the bacterial pathogen, allowing children to return to kindergartens and schools within 24 hours of treatment.

How to treat viral conjunctivitis?

Non-suppurative viral conjunctivitis does not require treatment.

How is allergic conjunctivitis treated?

Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with eye preparations containing topical decongestants with or without antihistamines.

Where can I get more information?

Contact your doctor or the Southern Nevada Department of Epidemiology at (702) 759-1300.

Skin care at 30, 40, 50 years

How to take care of your skin at 30, 40, 50 years old?

Get the most out of your daily skin care!

Continuing our Aged Skin Care series from Shauna Berkes-Henderson, Mary Kay Senior Clinical Research Scientist ^® , with new tips for 30+ skin care.Not 30 yet? Read one of these articles for information that you can apply in your daily life!

Skin care at 20
Expert advice
Safe skin care facts

How does the skin change by the age of 30?


Aging is an inevitable and complex process that can be clinically described as the presence of wrinkles, age spots, uneven skin tone and laxity. Signs of aging begin to appear closer to the age of 30, when our body’s production of collagen decreases by 1% every year, and the rate of cell renewal begins to decline.At the age of 30:

• Wrinkles begin to appear due to a decrease in collagen and elastin levels , as well as due to repetitive facial expressions (our facial expressions). For example, you may see wrinkles in the eye area (crow’s feet), as well as wrinkles around the mouth (smile) or on the forehead.
• Cell renewal begins to slow down after 30 years, resulting in uneven tone and tired, dull skin.

While the aging process can definitely irritate or fear some people at the first sign of it, aging is natural and not a disaster.What’s really important is taking care of your skin so that it stays beautiful and healthy at any age!

What is basic skin care at 30?


In addition to your beauty routine (cleansing, moisturizing and UV protection), add anti-aging products to your basic skincare routine to combat wrinkles, uneven skin tone and other more visible signs of skin aging.Using the full range of products your skin needs will help reduce the premature signs of aging and keep your skin looking healthier and younger.

• Cleanser: use morning and evening to remove makeup and impurities that can lead to clogged pores and breakouts.
• Antioxidant Serum: Use a serum rich in antioxidants to protect against free radicals that can contribute to premature skin aging, including the appearance of wrinkles, pigmentation and deterioration of skin texture.
• Exfoliator: removes dead skin particles and accelerates cell renewal for a more natural glow.
• Moisturizing Sunscreen: Choose a moisturizer that contains SPF to keep your skin hydrated and protect it from harmful environmental factors such as UV light. A broad spectrum sunscreen protects skin from UVA rays, which contribute to wrinkles and pigmentation, and UVB rays, which contribute to sunburn.Be sure to use sunscreen daily.

• Moisturizer or Moisturizing Facial Mask : Use a hyaluronic acid moisturizer or moisturizing face mask to help the skin retain the moisture it needs to keep skin soft, smooth and elastic.
• Eye Cream: Use the cream morning and evening to moisturize the skin around the eyes and increase its elasticity.

Solution:
• Try TimeWise ^® C + E Regenerating Serum. It will add a mega-charge of antioxidants to your beauty routine to make the skin look firmer, more radiant and healthy.
• Exfoliate twice a week with Revealing Radiance ™ Facial Peel, which contains glycolic acid as a chemical exfoliant, or try TimeWise Renewal Peel ^® , Botanical Effects ^® Toning Scrub or Mary Kay Naturally ™ Mechanical Exfoliant Powder exfoliation.
• Retain vital skin moisture with TimeWise ^® Moisturizing Renewal Gel Mask.

CARE ADVICE : RECOMMENDATIONS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF SKIN

If you have normal skin, you will not encounter dryness or oily skin. Since your skin is less demanding than other skin types, you can try different cleansers, moisturizers, and masks until you find one that suits you. But what about other skin types?

OILY
Your skin produces excess sebum (oil) and therefore often shines, but it also has fewer wrinkles.Use non-fat moisturizers such as Mary Kay ^® Non-Fat Normal to Oily Skin Moisturizer, salicylic acid cleansers, clay masks, and non-comedogenic products that will not clog pores. And remember that even oily skin needs hydration.

Are skin problems in men different from skin problems in women? Do you give different advice for women and men in their thirties?

Skin aging is generally the same regardless of gender.As we age, the slowdown in collagen production leads to loss of moisture and thinning of the skin, which can lead to wrinkles. Therefore, if you already have basic care (cleanser, SPF protection and hydration), focus on products designed to eliminate wrinkles and uneven skin tone.

However, men generally do not pay as much attention to skin care as women. Men’s habits and differences in behavior also contribute to different skin needs compared to women’s.For example, daily or weekly shaving may contribute to increased irritation and dryness . Men are also less likely to protect themselves from sunlight and, in principle, take care of their skin, compared to women, so they need to focus on this.

Solution:
• MK Men ^® collection includes essential skin care products for men (cleanser, moisturizer with SPF and eye cream), shaving foam and aftershave gel, which help with irritation after shaving.

CARE TIP : THE BEST WAY TO SHAVE

Luis Casco, Mary Kay Beauty Ambassador ^® gave some tips for men’s skincare, including shaving! He suggests shaving after a warm shower to open up the pores. You should also wet your face with warm water before applying the shaving foam. Then, gently shave in the direction of hair growth to prevent irritation and make your shave smoother.

What ingredients should I look for when buying 30+ skin care products?

I suggest using anti-aging products that contain these key ingredients.

WIDE RANGE SPF
For daily protection, always use a broad spectrum sunscreen, even if it is cloudy outside. This is an important step in any skin care because it can protect the skin from harmful UV rays and prevent the early signs of skin aging.

Solution: Mary Kay ^® makes a variety of sunscreen moisturizers, and TimeWise® Age Minimize 3D ™ Day Cream SPF 30 is great for reducing early to moderate signs of aging.

VITAMIN C
Vitamin C supports the natural production of collagen and elastin and is a powerful antioxidant that protects the skin from free radicals that can contribute to premature skin aging.

Solution : Add TimeWise ^® Regenerating Serum C + E to your routine to get three different forms of Vitamin C plus Vitamin E.

HYALURONIC ACID
Hyaluronic acid helps moisturize the skin its smoother.

Solution: The patented VOLU-FIRM ^® complex is included in all TimeWise Repair ^® products and contains tripeptides that stimulate the production of its own hyaluronic acid, which helps to “tighten” the skin of the face and give it a youthful appearance. ¹

Is it possible to have young, firm skin without wrinkles at the age of 30?

Healthy skin appearance depends on lifestyle, environmental factors and genetics.As I mentioned earlier, collagen production decreases with age, which leads to thinning of the skin and the appearance of wrinkles. However, it is with that the sun’s rays are more responsible for the appearance of wrinkles and loss of elasticity of . Avoid excessive sun exposure if possible. Having good anti-aging care that includes sun protection can help delay the signs of aging and keep your skin healthy and glowing for a long time.

I still get acne at the age of 30.How to get rid of them?

Acne occurs when your pores are clogged with sebum (oil), dead skin cells or bacteria, so I suggest effective cleansing with Salicylic Acid . This key ingredient facilitates the easy removal of dead skin cells and helps unclog pores of dirt and sebum and eliminate and prevent inflammation. If you have mild breakouts, use a topical cream for problem skin. If rashes are profuse, consult a dermatologist for treatment recommendations.

Solution:
Clear Proof ^® Skin Care System includes 2% Salicylic Acid, a highly effective ingredient that helps clear existing acne and prevent future breakouts.

How does my ethnicity affect the aging of my skin?

Aging is influenced by both internal and external factors. Aging is less dependent on ethnicity.Environment and lifestyle are some of the key factors affecting facial aging. Visual signs of aging, such as wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and decreased skin elasticity, can occur in all ethnic groups. However, some studies show that certain signs of aging are more often manifested in people of a certain ethnic group than in others:

• Asian : uneven skin tone and crow’s feet
• European : age and expression lines, loss of skin elasticity
• African : uneven skin tone and deformation of the face oval
• Latin American : uneven skin tone and deformation of the face oval

Solution:
For uneven skin tones, use the Revealing Radiance ™ Facial Peel twice a week for a rejuvenated, rejuvenated look with a smoother complexion.In addition to vitamins C and E, TimeWise ^® Regenerating Serum C + E also contains white kidney bean extract to help reduce pigmentation on the skin’s surface and improve overall appearance. ²

In case of deformation of the oval of the face, apply the active lifting serum Volu-Firm ^® after the cleansing agent. In an independent clinical study, 100% of the test participants observed that the “floating” jawline and cheekbones began to look noticeably tighter. ³

To smooth crow’s feet, use Volu-Firm ™ Renewing Eye Cream with a metal applicator twice a day. This moisturizer contains ingredients that support the skin’s natural collagen and elastin, which in turn help support the natural skeleton of the skin. ⁴

For deep wrinkles or loss of skin elasticity, try some or all of the TimeWise Repair ^® products.Clinically proven to help reduce the appearance of deep wrinkles and improve skin elasticity. ⁵

How does the skin change at 40-50 years old?


40 years could be a turning point for your skin. You can see more signs of aging in the form:

• Increase in the number and depth of expression and age wrinkles .
• Loss of volume and elasticity of the skin, leading to sagging skin, flattening of the cheeks and a noticeable deformation of the oval of the face.
• Strengthening dryness and roughness of the skin.
• Increase hyperpigmentation (age spots), uneven skin tone and dullness.

What is causing these changes?


Signs of aging at the age of 40-50 can appear for various reasons, some of which are part of the natural aging process!

• Slows down the skin’s natural exfoliation , resulting in uneven skin tone and dullness.
• The gradual depletion of nutrients in the skin may result in the skin becoming less radiant.

• As the skin grows further, we lose more and more hyaluronic acid . Hyaluronic acid is essential for moisturizing the skin. Consequently, its loss is expressed in dry skin.
• In addition, the natural ability of the skin to maintain its barrier function is reduced, which can also lead to dry and rough skin.
• Collagen production decreases with age .The signs of aging are becoming more pronounced. Decreased collagen production can lead to the appearance of fine lines and deep lines on the forehead and along the nasolabial folds.

Solution:
Continue to use serums or other retinol products and products that provide SPF protection and exfoliation. Consider enhancing your beauty routine with the skincare products below to address the more serious signs of aging.

Serum with Antioxidants, Vitamin C or Peptides: Antioxidants and Vitamin C help protect the skin from free radicals that can contribute to premature skin aging, including the appearance of wrinkles, increased pigmentation and uneven skin texture. Vitamin C and some peptides help support the natural production of collagen and elastin in the skin. Try the TimeWise ^® Miracle Set Age Minimize 3D ™ ^® , TimeWise C + E Regenerating Serum ^® and the Volu-Firm ^® Active Lifting Serum.

Eye Care: Use eye care products that help address specific aging issues such as wrinkles and reduced firmness. As the skin begins to look drier and flabby, it is very important to keep the skin around the eyes as hydrated as possible. We offer Volu-Firm ™ Renewing Eye Cream.

Peels: Slow skin renewal with age may require the addition of a peel to help remove the top layer of dead skin cells.Use a mechanical or chemical peel once or twice a week to improve texture and radiant skin. Choose an exfoliator that’s right for your skin: TimeWise Renewal Peeling ^® , Revealing Radiance ™ Facial Peel and Mary Kay Naturally ™ Exfoliant Powder.

Skin care after 30, 40, 50 years

If you need help finding anti-aging care or just need to reorder your favorite serum, contact a beauty consultant! As your personal skincare assistant, she can help you love your skin and try the latest makeup trends with one-on-one consultations and meetings with a small company – virtually or in person!

Shauna Burkes-Henderson, Mary Kay Senior Clinical Research Fellow ^® , enjoys reading and spending time with her family and friends.Her choice is TimeWise 3D ™ Matte Foundation!

90,000 Ice Cream for Three read online by Jenny Lucas (Page 5)

He looked at her.

– I will always tell you the truth. Even if it hurts.

She managed a chuckle.

“I will,” Paolo repeated.

Isabella wiped her eyes.

— Even Magnus lied. I fed him breakfast twice. He said the food is delicious. And asked for more.

She fed him breakfast, probably after a night of love. Paolo wanted to hit something with his fist, preferably the smug face of Magnus. But you shouldn’t blame him for lying. Hell, even Paolo could honestly admit her food is amazing after playing love.

Ten years ago, he had no money to drive Isabella to restaurants. And she herself was afraid that someone would see them. They rarely left his apartment. Paolo threw pillows on the floor and cooked dumplings or heated canned beans.They ate with plastic forks from paper plates. No delicacies. And romance is not enough.

But somehow her company turned these simple dishes into something out of the ordinary. Isabella could turn everything into dessert …

Paolo looked sadly at the plate. Almost everything …

—Paolo? Isabella said softly. – You really never lied and will not lie to me?

Throwing up his head, he looked into her eyes.

— I was going to seduce you, make you pregnant, make you my bride.

She sat there stunned for a while, then chuckled.

– Very funny.

– Yes. – Getting up from the table, he suggested: – It’s almost noon. Maybe we can forget about breakfast and go straight to lunch?

– Will you cook for me? She asked incredulously. – Like before?

Paolo did not blame her for her astonishment. Why wouldn’t she want to eat ordinary, cheap food again? He gritted his teeth. What nonsense. Then he was young, poor and head over heels in love.After eating, they made love for hours and then fell asleep in each other’s arms.

Now he has other possibilities. And to make Isabella his own, he uses them all.

– No, I’m not going to cook. I’m not in the mood to open banks, and if I was, my people would do it for me.

— Then what are you up to?

– Let’s go …

CHAPTER FIVE

A private jet has landed in Rome. As she descended the ramp, Isabella froze.A motorcycle was waiting for them.

—What is this? – she was indignant.

– Our transport.

Is he trying to punish her for nearly poisoning him this morning? Isabella mechanically smoothed her hair and tugged at her skirt.

– I’m not sure I can …

— You can. – Paolo took the keys from the servant. I threw my leg over the seat. – Sit in the back.

Isabella stood timidly beside her, biting her lip like a shy schoolgirl.

“Of course, princess,” he joked, “are you not a coward?”

– Of course not.It’s just … Do you know what the traffic is in Rome? She chuckled nervously. “I don’t insist on a Rolls-Royce, but I would like to have a few inches of steel around. Can’t you book a car? Better yet, a tank?

– Do you doubt my driving skills?

– No, but …

– Get in then. This time, the presence of steel was felt in his voice.

Isabella realized she had two options. Or admit that riding a motorcycle scares her to death, make herself a coward and refuse to ride.Or grit your teeth, close your eyes and sit behind Paolo.

Pride won. Isabella threw the strap of her purse over her head, lifted her skirt almost to her panties. And climbed into the seat.

He gave her a helmet.

– One day.

I didn’t have to ask twice. At the mere thought that there was no barrier between her and the road, she began to tremble. Paolo turned the throttle and they lunged forward with a roar.

During the trip, Isabella hugged him tightly.Every turn, every maneuver on the road only pushed their bodies closer into each other. Through the T-shirt, Isabella felt his flat, muscular belly. The wind ruffled short black hair, smelling of shampoo and something else masculine and attractive.

He did not wear a helmet. Of course. Nothing and no one could harm him. Even an accident will leave him without a scratch. A man like Paolo will come out of the fire unharmed.

He does not know what fear is. She wrapped her arms around him tightly and shook her head angrily.What with her? At first he envies the housekeeper, now Paolo. She herself has something to thank fate for. Alexander is safe. Isn’t that enough?

But the years of loneliness were not in vain. She was afraid to have close friends. Trusted people gave it to secular magazines. Her only true friends were Karin and Maxim. Both are now dead. They wanted to arrange a second honeymoon for themselves, to revive the marriage …

Isabella blinked back tears.

But even when they were alive, her days were spent in performing royal duties and attending necessary events.Rarely did she leave the palace in order to have fun and always slept alone. Aside from Magnus’ short, low-key kisses a few weeks ago, she hadn’t let anyone touch her. Always prim and unapproachable in public, Isabella honestly earned the nickname “Ice Princess” given to her by the paparazzi. For ten whole years she did not allow herself to melt.

But under the conditionally safe helmet Paolo, looking at the road running a few inches from her feet, she suddenly began to feel again.Bravery. Freedom. Desire to send the consequences to hell …

Paolo braked sharply, parked the motorcycle between the Fiat and the old BMW, turned towards her. Putting his hands around his waist, he set her on the road. His hands were so large that the tips of his fingers that hugged his waist almost touched.

—Why are we here? Isabella asked, embarrassed.

Paolo glanced back at the restaurant and remarked sarcastically:

— I may be wrong, but usually people go to restaurants to eat.In our case, it will be lunch.

He didn’t seem to notice the passers-by staring at them. As well as the fact that many have recognized them.

“We can’t eat here,” Isabella said quietly, her usual smile at the crowd. “The paparazzi will show up in a couple of minutes — if they’re not there yet.”

Paolo shrugged.

— The best fettuccine in the world is prepared here. I want to try.

Her mouth was dry.

– But everyone will know …

– What exactly? What did you eat pasta? His jaw hardened.- Or that you were rubbing shoulders with someone like me?

Isabella licked her lips. Simple as that. The prospect of taking Paolo’s outstretched hand and boldly entering a restaurant, dine like others dizzy her. As if she was preparing to jump from a high cliff.

“It’s just fettuccine, Isabella.

Dark eyes hypnotized her, tempting to do what she had denied herself for the last ten years. In freedom. Risk. Sensuality.

Her cell phone started ringing. Fumbling in her bag, Isabella took out her phone and saw her mother’s number.

The hair on her head began to move at the thought of what Mom would say if she found out about Paolo. She put the phone back in. And defiantly, she laid her hand on the crook of his elbow.

A slow smile spread across Paolo’s linden.

“Thank you, honey,” he said gently.

How easy it is to take risks, it occurred to her on the way to the restaurant. Especially if you are leaning on Paolo’s hand.

Inside, the restaurant turned out to be small and cozy. Here, obviously, nothing has changed for fifty years.A waiter approached them. Paolo didn’t even look at the menu.

– We’ll be fettuccine.

– No! Isabella exclaimed, desperately scanning the menu for something healthy. There is a fatty writing in the terms of the agreement was not included. It is her duty to be slim. If mom doesn’t say anything, then designers who supply clothes for free will definitely grumble. – Maybe a fish? She suggested weakly. – And a salad with lemon sauce?

The waiter looked at her with poorly concealed horror.

Paolo was unshakable.

– Fettuccine. Both of us, ”he said firmly and carefully pulled the menu out of her fingers.

She already went to the restaurant with him. Pictures will appear in the newspapers tomorrow as she dines with billionaire and racer Paolo Caretti. In comparison, a plate of pasta is a small sin. So why not?

“Moreover, you are too thin anyway,” Paolo said with a malicious smile. “I intend to feed you, dear.

—Very good.She looked at him for a few moments. – Fettuccine.

“And a bottle of wine,” Paolo ordered, calling the brand expensive and extremely rare. The waiter walked away with an approving nod, leaving them alone.

Isabella looked around. All tables were occupied. But she found nothing but casual interested glances. Nobody took pictures.

She turned to Paolo in surprise.

“I think we can really dine here.

— Can I explain again what restaurants are for?

She suppressed a chuckle.

—No. I have learned.

“Great,” he grinned. “Because I intend to satisfy all your appetites.

Her cheeks flushed. And all the time, since the moment they left San Querini. Paolo had casual conversations about the weather, discussed the Cannes Film Festival, sympathetically asked about the state of the economy of San Piedro. Meanwhile, his eyes undressed her. And the expression on his face is as if he sees her in bed.

An image that was too easy for her to imagine.But since this is the case, why had he rejected her a few hours ago when she was actually in his bed?

The waiter appeared, opened the wine. Poured a little into a glass. Paolo tried it, nodded approvingly. The waiter half-filled both glasses and placed the bottle on the table between them.

Isabella immediately grabbed her glass, hoping the wine would help her calm down. But instead of dulling the senses, as she hoped, the wine spilled over her body in heat, pricking her skin and toes.She looked up and saw that he was watching her.

Paolo is having fun with her, it suddenly occurred to the princess. Plays like a cat with a mouse. Her nerves were so worked up that it was not known how long she would endure.

Isabella set the glass down on the table with a clatter.

– Why are you behaving like that?

—How?

– You are taking care of. Trying to inspire confidence. I do not hide the fact that I would like to get rid of our agreement as soon as possible. You can get me immediately.And judging by your behavior, we have a date. You don’t have to seduce me.

— Maybe I would like to.

—But why?

— Am I doing something wrong? He bowed his head and squinted at her. “Your lover is probably behaving differently.

Isabella frowned.

– Lover?

– Prince Magnus.

She shuddered. The coldness with which the name was pronounced clashed with the tense face.

– Magnus is not my lover.

Paolo’s expression did not change.

– Who’s the liar?

— Think as you like, but we were not in bed together. And barely kissed.

His eyes darkened.

– Kissing?

She suppressed a chuckle.

— You must be kidding. Are you criticizing me because I was kissing the person who proposed to me? You who slept with half of the actresses and models in Europe?

Leaning back in his chair, Paolo threw his hand behind his head, suddenly relaxing.

— I have insomnia. You have to occupy yourself with something.

“According to rumors, you are really very busy,” she said irritably.

“Work and pleasure,” Paolo shrugged. – What else to live for?

— Before you valued something else. She swallowed. – Love, for example.

He looked at her for a while.

— That was a long time ago.

– And now?

—Now I believe in hard work. Honesty. He leaned over to her.- In the need to protect your own from others.

His greedy gaze devoured her breasts, thighs.

She moved away, trying to translate her desire into anger.

— In order not to take care of it later?

– That is?

She knew to keep her mouth shut, but the decade of silence was not in vain. Irritation demanded an exit.

“You only want me because you thought you were inaccessible.

“We have already agreed that you are mine,” Paolo frowned.

— For today. And the minutes go by. I’ll be gone in a few hours. That’s okay for you, right? You don’t have to make big rearrangements in your turn.

– What are you talking about?

Her heart was pounding at her throat.

— The claim that you are protecting yours is a lie. You enjoy the process of persecution, and what you get loses its value. Last time we ate fettuccine …

—I don’t want to talk about it.

—… you asked me to marry you.She felt tears welling up in her eyes and blinked them angrily. Better to die than cry in front of him. “You swore you loved me. Begged me to run away with you.

“As far as I remember,” he said venomously, “you threw the ring in my face. Let’s not remember the past. I find it tedious.

—You promised me eternity, but just a few hours later I found you with a blond prostitute from the next apartment!

—How do you know? – he asked.

— I saw her! Isabella cried out. – I saw how you kissed her!

— Did you come to my apartment? What, again, attracted to explore the slums?

She gasped as she remembered the cold phrases suggested by her mother, phrases that Isabella considered necessary so that he could let her go.

“Damn you,” she whispered. – I loved you. And you couldn’t be faithful to me one night.

He drank the wine and put down his glass.

– You gave me no reason to keep it.

She bit her lip, choking with angry words: a waiter came up to the table. He put plates in front of them, offered ground pepper and grated cheese. I filled their glasses.

After he left, Paolo took up fettuccine, pretending not to worry about the recent controversy.

Isabella could hardly keep from crying.

Why did she stir up the past? Stupid. Remembering that they were in a restaurant, the princess tasted the pasta.

It was planned to copy Paolo’s calm demeanor, but butter, cheese and freshly made pasta gave her divine pleasure.Even an extremely depressed state did not prevent her from enjoying the wonderful taste. What with her? Today she contradicts herself.

Let’s say, disgusted with Paolo, he does not cease to desire him.

– Do you like it? He asked quietly a few minutes later.

“Very tasty,” Isabella muttered, not realizing how she emptied the entire plate. She hadn’t eaten anything better in years. If she was not in a public place, she would lick the sauce off the plate. “I wish I could cook like that,” the girl sighed.

“You can arrange it,” Paolo said.

– How?

– Armando will teach you. He’s my friend.

“Where am I going,” burst out from her. – Do you want me to continue to dishonor?

—You enjoy cooking. You said this is the greatest pleasure of your life.

She shook her head, looking at him confusedly.

– And you will wait for me to learn how to cook? What is the benefit to you?

— I already said. I want to satisfy all your appetites.- Standing up, Paolo pulled her with him. – Let’s go to study.

Paolo stared blindly out the window.

Damn you. I loved you. And you couldn’t be faithful to me one night.

Isabella’s face was in front of her eyes as she spoke these words. Could this be true? Did she really love him? And met with him not only to amuse vanity?

No, he snapped firmly. Isabella was just having fun. She said it herself. If she loved him, she would not have thrown his ring like that.And yet …

Paolo glanced at the adjacent chair. Exhausted by the long day, she fell asleep on his shoulder as soon as the plane took off from Rome. The eyelashes cast a faint shadow over her cheek.

He hugged her. With a satisfied sigh, she wrapped her arm around him too. Like a child clinging to a favorite toy.

Why did she come to his apartment then?

Her chest rose and fell smoothly. How beautiful she is. Almost as pretty as Armando’s kitchen.Her eyes shone as the cook explained how to make pasta, how to properly melt butter in a frying pan. She often looked anxiously towards Paolo, as if expecting criticism or complaints from him. But he was only happy watching her. With what pleasure she is mastering new skills!

Over the years, Paolo has established himself in the opinion of Princess Isabella de Luceran – a spoiled, conceited young lady. And now I didn’t know what to think.

While kneading the dough, Isabella got soiled in flour.Paolo told her about it, expecting panic and dancing in front of the mirror. But she laughed. No – she giggled. She tried to erase the stain with the back of her hand, but only smeared it more.

In the end, he had to wipe the flour himself. She looked at him and the laughter on her lips died away.

Being so close to it, Paolo almost forgot that they were in the crowded kitchen of the restaurant. I almost kissed her. I didn’t pick it up to put it on a nearby table …

Strange that he managed to hold back.He glanced back at the sleeping Isabella.

If what she said is true …

If she loved him, she returned to him to give another answer to his proposal …

It’s strange to think how differently things could have turned out if Paolo hadn’t gone to his neighbor to borrow a bottle of whiskey. At that time, he was faced with a dilemma – either whiskey or a jump to the Hudson.

A bright blonde opened the door in only panties and a bra. Chuckled:

— Of course.I can offer, not even one. I have a lot of whiskey. Ask.

He returned to himself alone, but a few glasses later a neighbor knocked on his door.

— Could I borrow your bed? Mine broke, ”she said cheekily.

He didn’t want her. Absolutely. But he did not refuse. He just didn’t care. Who cares? Sleep with … – what was her name … Terry? Tara? – was the same as drinking her cheap whiskey. The same hum in his ears, the same brief oblivion, the same self-loathing in the morning.

But to think that, had he not contacted her, his youthful dreams of marrying Isabella could have come true …

Better that way, Paolo told himself harshly. Many women have tried to tie him to them over the years, but he easily eluded them. He does not intend to love anyone else. Love makes a person vulnerable. The only woman he loved left him. Even his own mother left him. And he was stupid enough to slip into a mousetrap twice.

Besides, he doesn’t need love.Satisfaction can be obtained from a solid amount of a bank account. Feelings of power over others. Triumph to be the best racer on earth.

Only one is missing. Isabella will fill that gap.

He needs a house.

With her, his family will gain respectability in the eyes of the world. And at night, in bed, she will be very far from respectability …

Paolo touched her cheek lightly. There was pain in Isabella’s eyes as she spoke of how easily he found a replacement.In fact, there is no replacement for Isabella. She is different from all the women he knows. She has pride – in her family, in herself. Dignity and self-control. That’s what makes it special. Valuable.

Whatever she thinks, he values ​​her.

She will be the perfect wife. The ideal mother, his children. Satisfying his needs and keeping an eye on the house. Her devotion to her nephew confirms: she was born to be a mother. And the ability to cook quickly improves …

Paolo grinned at his own thoughts, then the smile faded.

Only one thing will not change. Under no circumstances would he love her.

Isabella muttered something in her sleep. Her hand gripped him tighter, her chest pressed against his chest.

He will possess her, her body and soul. His eyes dropped to full, pink lips.

Stela Cole – secret Lover lyrics AZLyrics.com

Words

Secret Lover

Be my pretty little baby with the blue eyes
Can you be my secret lover for the summertime
Be my pretty little ray of golden sunshine
Can you be my secret lover?

You caught me lookin ‘twice
When I saw that smile
Ever since you met my eyes
Knew you had to be my mr
If you wanna have some fun
Baby come and get me
We can do this secretly
Keep it nice and easy

Be my pretty little baby with the blue eyes
Can you be my secret lover for the summertime
Be my pretty little ray of golden sunshine
Can you be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We’re electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So make a move for me
We dance all night
We’re electrified
Til ‘we close our eyes
To the summertime

We can play hide and seek
See if you can catch me
Skinny dipping on the beach
Think I lost my pink bikini
If you wanna have some fun
Baby come and get me
We can do this secretly
Keep it nice and easy

Be my pretty little baby with the blue eyes
Can you be my secret lover for the summertime
Be my pretty little ray of golden sunshine
Can you be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We’re electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So make a move for me
We dance all night
We’re electrified
Til we close our eyes
To the summertime

Be my pretty little baby with the blue eyes
Can you be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We’re electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So make a move for me

We dance all night
We’re electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So make a move for me
We dance all night
We’re electrified
Til we close our eyes
To the summertime

We dance all night
We’re electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So make a move for me
We dance all night
We’re electrified
Til we close our eyes
To the summertime

Transfer

Secret Lover

Be My Pretty Blue Eyed Baby
Can you be my secret summer lover?
Be my lovely little ray of golden sun
Can you be my secret lover?

You caught me twice
When I saw that smile
Since you met my eyes
Knew you should be my mister
If you want to have some fun
Baby come and get me
We can do it secretly
Do it is beautiful and easy

Be my pretty baby with blue eyes
Can you be my secret summer lover?
Be my lovely little ray of golden sun
Can you be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We are electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So take a step for me
We dance all night
We are electrified
Until we close our eyes
By summer

We can play hide and seek
See if you can you catch me
Swimming on the beach
Think I lost my pink bikini
If you wanna have some fun
Baby come and get me
We can do it secretly
Do it nice and easy

Be my pretty baby with blue eyes
You can be my secret lover for the summer?
Be my lovely little ray of golden sun
Can you be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We are electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So take a step for me
We dance all night
We are electrified
Until we close our eyes
By summer

Be my pretty baby with blue eyes
You can be my secret lover?

We dance all night
We are electrified
I will break the rules for you
So take a step for me

We dance all night
We are electrified
I will break the rules for you
So take a step for me
We dance all night
We are electrified
Until we close our eyes
By summer

We dance all night
We are electrified
I’ll break the rules for you
So take a step for me
We dance all night
We are electrified
Until we close our eyes
By summer

journalist and TV presenter Marina Kim

Marina Kim, in a message to herself in the past, not only gave a couple of useful tips to the girl in a pink plush mini-skirt, but also “spoiled the present” disgustingly.

Hello!

I am writing to you from the time when you are already Marina Alexandrovna for many, although there are only ten years between you and me. More, of course, as a joke, but sometimes even out of respect.

I don’t remember, what you think and feel to yourself, but I want to tell you one thing – everything will come true.

provided by Marina Kim

A letter to herself in the past: journalist and TV presenter Marina Kim

I will spoil badly: attention, heading “Believe it or not”! At the Backstreet boys concert, if you are interested, you will even visit twice.You will also have a big black car. You will also become a director twice, however, this will not add to your wealth, but it will definitely add experience. And most importantly – it is, of course, very fashionable – do not pretend that you are childfree. I am writing this letter to you, hiding under the table from a wonderful two-year-old boy – he has huge currant eyes.

You will be surprised, but in the future there will be almost none of those who, you thought, would be there forever. Someone will betray you, and someone – you, but if you listen to me carefully, I will tell you: do not throw people around.Always find time for everyone, words of forgiveness for everyone. Let them make mistakes. Someone in 2015 will no longer be at all, that is, completely, forever, you know? While they are with you – ask what is in their souls.

Some of the things that are happening around at the time from where I am writing to you, I simply cannot explain to you. There are many strange things around, and people have become especially strange. But what I’ve always loved about you is the ability to not bend in high winds. It will be hard.Sometimes very, very, but at the age of 17 you learned the secret that I use to this day: good music, good book, good food. By the way, you will listen to good music, and not the depressing howl that you loved. And you will start dressing tolerably – I know, you in white boots with rhinestones and in a pink plush mini-skirt is hard to believe, but it’s true.

I don’t know what yardsticks to measure a person’s success or failure in life, or his solvency, or his failure, but ask me now what I regret, maybe it’s not too late to catch and hack something on takeoff, I’ll answer quite honestly you – about nothing.And for you this should be a wake-up call – it means that everything is correct.

You go your own way. The main thing is to keep reading as much as you can, this is the only solid foundation that you can lay.

Love without fear, to the fullest, without procrastination, otherwise at thirty there will be no time for love. And watch your diet! Although I’m talking about food, for the sake of form, a nice mega-spoiler: in 2015 you are twice slimmer than in 2005.

In general, I hope you enjoy my salute from the past, because it means the most important thing – in 2012 there was no end of the world that you hoped for, and you are at least alive.In keeping with the cinematic precepts, I must give you the main advice. Well, if I can give you advice that you will follow one hundred percent, I will say – do not pluck your eyebrows so much! In 2015, it will be fashionable to wear wide ones!

Kisses, Marina.

Girl-welder Diana Bagautdinova – Poster Daily

19-year-old Diana Bagautdinova will prove to anyone that welding is beautiful.

Diana is the only female welder to compete in the WorldSkills Championship for blue-collar jobs.She beat all the guys twice, becoming the winner. The competition product of the girl turned out to be record-breaking strong: it withstood more pressure than prescribed in the competition regulations.

Diana works at the level of the fifth grade, to which many professional welders have been going for years. At the same time, she has been studying for only three years and has no special education. Now the girl has the opportunity to compete for the title of the coolest welder on the planet.

Afisha Daily asked Diana what perfect welding sounds like, why she doesn’t go on dates and how easy it is for a woman in a man’s profession.

How to love welding

As a child, I went to a regular school and was engaged in folk dances. Then my legs hurt and I stopped dancing. I remember when I saw welders at work, they told me not to look at them, because this could ruin my eyes.

After the ninth grade, I entered the College of Architecture and Construction No. 7, my specialty is not at all connected with welding – installation and design of ventilation, heating and air conditioning systems.My grandmother also studied in this direction, I decided not to take a steam bath and follow in her footsteps, plus I didn’t know what I wanted to do at all, but somehow more dear, or something.

How did I get interested in welding? We had a simple practice in the second year, we were told to take an electrode and light it. I started to get it right, I liked it.

About welding training

The master who conducted this practice said that I had a steady hand, that is, initially there was data.He advised me to train and told me about the WorldSkills championship (competition for blue-collar occupations, age of participants – from 18 to 22 years old. – Approx. Ed. ).

My college has its own welding workshop, and there I started to train. Usually I come in, work out the seams, the positions of different types of welds that I am not good at or which I am not yet able to do.

At first I had a goal to be the best in college, then I looked at the seams of those who welded in the world championship and decided to repeat it.This goal helped me work harder.

I worked hard to prepare for the first WorldSkills, studied for three months in the summer from morning to evening. I was worried because I had never participated in competitions or school Olympiads at all. As a result, I took third place in the out-of-competition program. The school year began, but I continued to practice welding anyway and took first place in the main program at WorldSkills next summer. This year too.I have been engaged in welding for three years.

At first it was very difficult to combine training with study, especially when I hadn’t won anything yet: the teachers were indignant that sometimes I could be absent in pairs, they did not understand that I was preparing for the championship. Previously, I studied for almost one grade, then slipped down to grade four.

So far, I have not done anything special – only different flowers made of metal, it looks like forging. I can also brew a disc for the car. Welding has become a hobby that now I want to do professionally.

This summer I entered the university with a degree in heat power engineering and heat engineering. We will study steam and gas boilers, their operating principles. But I’m going to work as a tradesman in welding at my college. I will study part-time and work.

Topic details

“I don’t know any male or female professions”: what is it like to be a brewer when you are a girl

“I don’t know any male or female professions”: what is it like to be a brewer when you are a girl

How to cook

There are different types of welding.The simplest is semi-automatic welding. The main thing in it is a special apparatus. You need to press the button, and a wire similar to a thick fishing line is lowered from the torch, and gas (argon or argon with carbon dioxide) is supplied with it, it protects this wire from contamination. The wire heats up the metal, the metal melts and becomes liquid. The wire fills this liquid, and it crystallizes, as it were. You drive the machine forward on the metal – you get a seam. It’s like spreading glue on paper.I have a lot of aluminum blanks, from which I assemble the structure, weld the parts together. Sometimes the blanks have to be cut themselves, although this is what the joiners have to do. But at the tenders, the details are already ready.

Welders have categories – third, fourth, fifth. To get them, they pass exams at NAKS (National Agency for Welding Control. – Approx. Ed. ), theory and practice, and then NAKS determines the category. The masters say that I already have the fourth or fifth grade.And the maximum is the sixth. From what I’ve heard, welders take five to ten years to get to the fifth or sixth grade.

Welders are paid well. The salary depends on the qualifications of the welder and on where he works. I think a normal specialist should earn sixty thousand, and a supermaster who welds heavy alloys and works in a large company – at least one hundred thousand.

It is very noticeable how my professional skills are improving.When I started, everything was bad. But the more workouts, the cooler it gets. Although it’s strange: sometimes I do the same thing all the time, I don’t like it, but after a week I come and cook – and it turns out beautifully and efficiently.

When I walk down the street and see how something is being welded, I can already tell by the sound whether the master is working correctly

You need to listen to this sound for a long time to remember it.There are recommendations for making a quality seam: how to hold the torch, for example. And if the welder does not hold the torch correctly, then the sound will be very hissing. And the sound of perfect welding is pleasant, and there is also little spatter.

On women and men

Welding may be hard work, but for some reason many women weld much better than men. Not boys, but men! But I have not yet seen a single welder in production. I was the only girl in college and in competitions.I was always very afraid that I would be given some concessions, but at the championship it never happened.

I like working in a male team: let’s say I need to move a fifteen-kilogram vessel, and I can ask some guy to help me. At first I felt a little envy of the boys, like: “How is it, the girl came to take our place!” But then they recognized me, we communicate normally.

Many people tell me that welding is not a woman’s business, especially men

Someone at a competition may come up and say: “You can do something else while you are young, why do you need it.”I don’t know how to answer them. I think that each person has his own truth, in which he believes, and it is difficult to convince him. So I just keep quiet and smile. And I do. I would like people to think not “wow, she is a girl-welder”, but “she is a cool professional, she welds well.”

I often hear from other girls: “I’ll find myself a husband, have children, I will have a family”. I do not want it. In the first place I have study and welding.When I get on my feet, I will have a stable job, a good salary, then I will be able to think about other things. So far, I have never met with anyone and do not intend to.

About difficulties and support

I think all professions have some kind of injury, so I don’t see anything dumb and scary in this. Welding is dangerous because we work with high temperatures. For this, gloves, masks, robes, overalls, and welding shoes are needed. Spatter from welding falls on boots, hands – and, of course, burns and cuts appear.You can still look at the splashes for a long time and “catch bunnies” – the next day all eyes will be in tears or will not open at all. But even in the office, you can cut yourself on the paper – you get a scar. Or over-exert yourself at the computer, and then there will be dizziness and nosebleeds.

I had moments when I wanted to quit welding. I thought I would be some kind of designer of water supply or heating, but now, after the first place in the competition, I became more confident in myself and in the business that I chose.

In addition, my skills help me in everyday life: I can buy metals, materials, equipment, weld benches, stairs, and fences for a summer residence. This is still in my plans, because there is not much time. But I’m going to do something cool during the holidays. Mom is also waiting.

Mom and elder brother Shamil support me insanely. When I won the national stage, the whole family and acquaintances were very happy. There were so many tears, blood and pain – and finally I achieved something.

It seems to me that the welding process is similar to when you sit by a fire at night, looking at sparks, and above you there is a starry sky. I have the same relaxation, I see fire and create something new out of two pieces of metal, not just a dude, but with beautiful high-quality seams. This is the best for me.

90,000 From glaucoma to cataracts. How to recognize eye diseases in time

Yana Khvatova

Health

08 August 2019

Only on the website

How to preserve vision, says the ophthalmologist.

Image by Rudy and Peter Skitterians from Pixabay

August 8 – International Day of Ophthalmology. In the 21st century, almost every second person faces the problem of eye diseases. This is due to changes in the rhythm of life, hard work and many other factors. If you do not pay attention to dangerous symptoms in time, advanced stages of the disease can lead to partial loss of vision or even complete blindness. Ophthalmologist Yuri Korotkikh told “St. Petersburg Gazette” by what signs can be used to determine the most common eye diseases.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is one of the most unpleasant eye diseases. Of course, one cannot go blind from a simple inflammation of the mucous membrane, but if the disease is not treated, it can become chronic. The disease is unpleasant: the eyes are watery, inflamed, itchy. In some cases, conjunctivitis can be caused by the common cold, but it is often referred to as dirty hands disease. “To avoid becoming a victim of this disease, never rub your eyes with dirty hands – after touching handrails in public transport, door handles, money ,” the doctor advises.- The infection can easily get into the mucous membrane » .

If you still did not follow the rules of personal hygiene and caught conjunctivitis, then its characteristic signs will appear very soon. It all starts with a slight burning sensation and a feeling of “sand in the eyes”. Then the eyelids begin to itch, swell. The eyes turn red, watery, a thick liquid is released from them. If you consult a doctor immediately after the onset of these symptoms, you can get rid of the disease in a few days.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is also an infectious disease, but it is much more difficult to treat it. With this ailment, the edges of the eyelids become inflamed, and the course of therapy is more than a month.

“There are many factors that can trigger the development of this disease, – says Korotkikh. – Among them – various infections, allergies, diseases of the digestive tract or nasopharynx, dirt or dust in the eyes.Blepharitis can develop even from a lack of vitamins. And the relapse of the disease indicates low immunity in humans ” .

With blepharitis, the eyelids begin to swell, and their edges turn red. Soon a scaly crust forms under the lashes. As a rule, the process is accompanied by itching and loss of eyelashes. At the same time, the eyes watery and become hypersensitive to wind and other external factors.

The doctor warns that blepharitis can be easily confused with conjunctivitis: the correct diagnosis will be made only in a medical institution.

Keratoconjunctivitis dry (dry eye syndrome)

Dry eye syndrome is a condition in which the tear film on the eyeball stops replacing. As a result, a person feels pain, eye irritation, constant discomfort. If left untreated, vision will gradually deteriorate.

Other eye diseases, age-related changes in the body, hereditary predisposition can lead to the appearance of a dangerous syndrome.

It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist twice a year. Photo: Pixabay / jasongillman

The main symptoms of the disease are a persistent feeling of tired eyes, redness, itching. The eyes periodically begin to water for no reason, objects seem blurry: it is difficult to focus the gaze. “These signs usually become pronounced after the patient spent a lot of time at the computer, reading, watching TV – that is, straining his eyes, – explains the doctor.- Therefore, if after a working day at the computer the picture in front of your eyes has lost its clarity, this is a reason to seek medical help ” .

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a very dangerous disease that can lead to complete loss of vision. More often women suffer from it than men, as well as people over 50 years old, but this ailment can also be congenital.

With glaucoma, the outflow of intraocular fluid is reduced, which leads to atrophy of the optic nerve.A person sees worse and worse, and without proper treatment, they can go partially or completely blind. The disease usually develops due to increased pressure inside the eye.

In the initial stages, the eyes begin to cut, the surrounding objects seem as if in a fog. The eyeballs become “heavy” and hurt. With the development of the disease, vision gradually deteriorates. At first, a person sees poorly at dusk, then the field of view narrows. A cloudy film appears on the cornea.

“The sooner you see your doctor for these symptoms, the better, – the ophthalmologist advises.- It is impossible to restore the damaged optic nerve and improve vision in glaucoma. But the necessary therapy will stop the process of nerve destruction, and vision will cease to deteriorate. ” .

Cataract

Cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. Other concomitant diseases, eye injuries, and an unfavorable environment can lead to this disease. As a rule, the risk of cataracts increases after age 50. Elderly people – over 70-80 years old – are especially susceptible to it.

With this disease, a person’s vision sits down, and the pupil changes color: it becomes whitish or grayish. Eyes get tired quickly, the patient cannot tolerate bright light. A distinct cloudy film appears on the lens of the eye.

The only effective treatment for cataracts today is lens replacement surgery. After that, the patient can immediately return to normal life without any restrictions.